• GABA B receptors are the G protein-coupled receptors for GABA, the main inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and through coupling to different intracellular signal transduction mechanisms they mediate slow inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) (Bettler et al. (springer.com)
  • On recognizing osmotic signals, plant cells initiate activation of a widespread signal transduction network that induces second messengers and triggers inducible defense responses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our researchers are using the above approaches to gain groundbreaking insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying a wide range of fundamental cellular processes such as chromosome segregation and cell division, signal transduction, protein quality control and degradation, viral infection, RNA processing, post-transcriptional regulation, ciliogenesis, and muscle contraction. (viennabiocenter.org)
  • Limited synthesis of adenosine triphosphate impairs many cellular transport mechanisms that utilize ATP to drive energetically unfavorable processes that transport ions and molecules across the cellular membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using a combination of cell biology, structural biology and chemical genetic approaches, we have elucidated fundamental mechanisms underlying autophagy. (scilifelab.se)
  • Asymmetric cell divisions (ACDs) generate two daughter cells with identical genetic information but distinct cell fates through epigenetic mechanisms. (elifesciences.org)
  • Both extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms determine distinct daughter cell fates after ACD. (elifesciences.org)
  • Caenorhabditis elegans represents a valuable model for investigating ACD, given its invariant cell lineage and conserved mechanisms of ACD. (elifesciences.org)
  • This article provides an overview of the general structures and signalling mechanisms, and of typical developmental functions along with cell biological principles. (silverchair.com)
  • Despite its clear physiological importance, the mechanisms by which cell-generated mechanical forces act to activate Piezo1 remain essentially unknown, either in hNSPCs or any other cell type. (nature.com)
  • Two decades later, pioneering studies suggested that lectin-like molecules constitutively expressed on the surface of macrophages can selectively recognize changes on glycans decorating the surface of apoptotic thymocytes, 4 , 5 although these studies likewise did not provide substantial insight into the mechanisms by which lectin-glycan interactions regulate cell death. (nature.com)
  • Our lab investigates unconventional mechanisms of protein secretion from mammalian cells. (db-engine.de)
  • In order to unveil generic mechanisms of cell movements and shape changes, our team designs stripped-down experimental systems that reproduce cellular behaviours in simplified conditions, using liposome membranes on which cytoskeleton dynamics are reconstituted. (espci.fr)
  • Such stripped-down systems allow for a controlled study of the physical mechanisms that underlie cell movements and cell shape changes. (espci.fr)
  • We will show how these cortices contract in the presence of myosin motors, and how such experiments shed light of the mechanisms of cell shape changes. (espci.fr)
  • In order for subcellular processes to be carried out within defined compartments or cellular regions, mechanisms must exist to ensure the required protein components are present at the sites and at an adequate concentration. (mechanobio.info)
  • Cells can also regulate the intensity of adhesion and to what molecule they adhere to by way of different mechanisms. (uvigo.es)
  • To meet this demand, organisms are equipped with sophisticated mechanisms to regulate protein function in time and space. (uni-osnabrueck.de)
  • We seek to define the mechanisms underlying such functional plasticity at membranes in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. (uni-osnabrueck.de)
  • By identifying many sGAG-specific interacting proteins, our data provide a resource for upcoming studies aimed at molecular mechanisms and understanding of sGAG cellular effects. (degruyter.com)
  • Several investigations suggest that, besides their extracellular actions, also intracellular mechanisms of sGAG-derivatives seem possible. (degruyter.com)
  • for example, cells use Myosin II-generated traction forces for probing the stiffness of the extracellular matrix. (nature.com)
  • Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
  • What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)
  • In animals, this organization largely depends on the ability of cells to adhere to the extracellular matrix or between each other. (uvigo.es)
  • For traveling, cells first need to be attached to some element of the environment, a cell or some molecules of the extracellular matrix, and then drag the nucleus and the rest of the cytoplasm in the direction of moving. (uvigo.es)
  • T here are adhesion molecules involved in the attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix and others in linking one cell to another. (uvigo.es)
  • I ntegrins are probably the most important proteins involved in the adhesion of cells to the extracellular matrix, and comprise a large family of transmembrane proteins present in all animals. (uvigo.es)
  • An intracellular domain that interacts with actin filaments of the cytoskeleton (sometimes with intermediate filaments), an extracellular domain that binds collagen, fibronectins and laminins, and an intramembrane domain containing hydrophobic amino acid sequences inserted among the lipid fatty acid chains. (uvigo.es)
  • The ability of integrins to mechanically connect extracellular matrix and cytoskeleton allows the structural continuity between the internal and external environments of the cell. (uvigo.es)
  • Furthermore, integrins may change the behavior of the cell according to the molecular composition of the extracellular matrix (they behave like receptors). (uvigo.es)
  • Cells, in turn, may regulate the strength of adhesion by increasing or decreasing the number of integrins, by synthesizing different integrin subunit subtypes, or by changing the adhesion affinity after modulation of the intracellular domain, which in turn will modify the adhesion ability of the extracellular domain. (uvigo.es)
  • The strength of the adhesion of a cell to the extracellular matrix depends on the number, the active state and type of integrins that are expressed in the plasma membrane. (uvigo.es)
  • Cadherin domains occur as repeats in the extracellular regions which are thought to mediate cell-cell contact when bound to calcium. (embl.de)
  • This entry represents the extracellular repeated domains found in cadherins and related proteins. (embl.de)
  • Cadherins form protein complexes with cytoplasmic proteins (catenins) that convert the specific, homophilic-binding capacity of the extracellular domain into stable cell adhesion. (embl.de)
  • This project takes advantage of an ischemia models in mice ( Mus ) and the highly regenerative spiny mice ( Acomys ) to ask how a specific population of extracellular vesicles (EV) at the plasma membrane of cardiac fibroblasts is formed and how these vesicles affect the activity of other cardiac cells. (uni-osnabrueck.de)
  • Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are multifunctional polysaccharides of the extracellular matrix (ECM) responsible for ECM hydration and binding of cations and proteins due to their negative charge. (degruyter.com)
  • Membrane trafficking is a complex, essential process in eukaryotic cells responsible for protein transport and processing. (bvsalud.org)
  • Due to the spatial segregation of intracellular organelles of eukaryotic cells a sophisticated system of vesicular transport is required to ensure the communication between different compartments. (scilifelab.se)
  • set the stage for the still ongoing debate on the role of bulk flow versus receptor-mediated transport of cargo molecules through the secretory pathway of eukaryotic cells. (biologists.com)
  • 2017) Elucidation of anti-autophagy mechanism of the Legionella effector RavZ using semisynthetic LC3 proteins. (scilifelab.se)
  • Our lab is interested in understanding the molecular mechanism of autophagy and membrane trafficking by developing novel chemical and chemo-optogenetic approaches. (scilifelab.se)
  • For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. (biologists.com)
  • Data suggest that Dsg2 stimulates cell growth and migration by positively regulating EGFR level and signaling through a c-Src and Cav1-dependent mechanism using lipid rafts as signal modulatory platforms. (cusabio.com)
  • This study defines a mechanism by which Dsg2 expression in cancer cells can modulate the tumor microenvironment, a step critical for tumor progression. (cusabio.com)
  • Current research goals in the lab relate to the spatio-temporal coordination of FGF2 secretion in living cells, the analysis of the molecular mechanism by which FGF2 physically traverses the plasma membrane and the relevance of this process for other unconventional secretory proteins such as HIV Tat. (db-engine.de)
  • Finally, the molecular mechanism of FGF2 secretion is used in the lab to develop inhibitors of this process with great potential for the development of drugs for cancer therapy that block the function of FGF2 as a tumor cell survival factor. (db-engine.de)
  • The identification of an inactivating missense mutation in NANOS3 suggests a mechanism for POI involving increased primordial germ cells (PGCs) apoptosis during embryonic cell migration and highlights the importance of NANOS proteins in human ovarian biology. (hindawi.com)
  • Protein crowding induces membrane curvatures through an entropic mechanism. (portlandpress.com)
  • The data characterize TrkAIII as a novel internal membrane-associated centrosome kinase, unveiling an important alternative mechanism to "classical" cell surface oncogenic receptor tk signaling through which stress-regulated alternative TrkAIII splicing influences the oncogenic process. (cnr.it)
  • Another mechanism to control the strength and specificity of adhesion is by activating or inactivating the adhesion molecules in the plasma membrane. (uvigo.es)
  • This obligate intracellular pathogen infects chronically nearly one third of the human population. (cnrs.fr)
  • As an obligate intracellular bacterium, it has a distinctive biphasic developmental cycle ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
  • [1] It also helps transport cargo needed for cell function such as vesicles made by the endoplasmic reticulum , endosomes , and lysosomes (Karp, 2005). (wikipedia.org)
  • Secretory proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles and then progress through the Golgi complex before delivery to their final destination. (biologists.com)
  • Revisiting the Latency of Uridine Diphosphate-Glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs)-How Does the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane Influence Their Function? (mdpi.com)
  • Uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are phase 2 conjugation enzymes mainly located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of the liver and many other tissues, and can be recovered in artificial ER membrane preparations (microsomes). (mdpi.com)
  • The AAA-ATPase (ATPases associated with diverse cellular activities) valosin-containing protein (VCP), is essential for many cellular pathways including but not limited to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD), DNA damage responses, and cell cycle regulation. (portlandpress.com)
  • I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • This function depends upon intracellular TrkAIII accumulation and spontaneous interphase-restricted activation, in cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase (tk) domain orientation, predominantly within structures that closely associate with the fully assembled endoplasmic reticulum intermediate compartment and Golgi network. (cnr.it)
  • Proteins that are destined for the endoplasmic reticulum also carry a signal peptide. (mechanobio.info)
  • Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that typically contain a broad spectrum of enzymes capable of hydrolytic deconstruction of polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, phosphoric acyl esters, and sulfates. (wikipedia.org)
  • Deficiencies in vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) proteins, key regulators of trafficking, cause abnormal intracellular segregation of macromolecules and organelles and are linked to human disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-eating process in eukaryotes, mainly involved in elimination of damaged organelles and aggregated proteins. (scilifelab.se)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein helps to position the Golgi complex and other organelles in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • [2] [3] Dynein carries organelles, vesicles and possibly microtubule fragments along the axons of neurons toward the cell body in a process called retrograde axonal transport . (wikipedia.org)
  • Moreover, membrane proteins and lipids segregate at contact sites formed between distinct organelles, or pathogens and host organelles during infection. (uni-osnabrueck.de)
  • The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. (lookformedical.com)
  • Cytosolic proteins that are associated with the plasma membranes are often localized based on their interaction with membrane lipids such as the phosphoinositides. (mechanobio.info)
  • These include (i) specific interactions with membrane lipids, (ii) the effect of bilayer thickness and lipid packing on the structural organization of membranes, and (iii) the crosstalk of proteins and lipids in determining membrane surface properties and shape. (uni-osnabrueck.de)
  • This project takes a broad approach to identify principles controlling the functional plasticity of lipid exchange at membrane contact sites, including lipid droplets, with a primary focus on sterols and storage lipids. (uni-osnabrueck.de)
  • Eph receptors and their membrane-tethered ligands have important functions in development. (silverchair.com)
  • Trans interactions of Eph receptors with ephrins at cell-cell interfaces promote a variety of cellular responses, including repulsion, attraction and migration. (silverchair.com)
  • Typically, EphA receptors bind to glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor (GPI)-linked ephrin A proteins and EphB receptors bind to transmembrane ephrin B proteins. (silverchair.com)
  • Breast tumors can be divided into subtypes using two parameters: (I) At the molecular level based on the protein expression of three receptors: estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Glycosylation of classical death receptors fine-tunes cell death programs. (nature.com)
  • This process depends on the general physico-chemical features of the cargo membrane protein and on the interactions of these features with the collective properties of the bilayer, instead of the one-to-one intermolecular interactions that exist between discrete signals and their receptors. (biologists.com)
  • Here, we analysed the distribution of GABA B receptors using highly sensitive SDS-digested freeze-fracture replica labelling in mouse cerebellar Purkinje cells. (springer.com)
  • To understand the spatial relationship of GABA B receptors with two key effector ion channels, the G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channel and the voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channel, biochemical and immunohistochemical approaches were performed. (springer.com)
  • Stimulation of postsynaptic GABA B receptors generally triggers inhibition of adenylate cyclase and activation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channels, leading to cell hyperpolarisation (Kaupmann et al. (springer.com)
  • In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have shown that Purkinje cells (PCs), the output neurons of the cerebellar cortex, are the neuron type with the highest levels of GABA B receptors (Bowery et al. (springer.com)
  • events have receptors stimulated with students( GAGs), unregulated chains docking of a inactive actin, all of an been protein respiration cell a considerable subunits. (evakoch.com)
  • Cell membranes are highly enriched in signaling receptors, transmembrane mechanosensors, pumps and channels, and, depending on their makeup, can recruit and retain a pool of mechanosensors important in the field of mechanobiology. (mechanobio.info)
  • For example, many membrane bound proteins carry signal peptides that are recognized by signal receptors that guide them to the target site. (mechanobio.info)
  • The accumulation of a protein at a given site is known as protein localization. (mechanobio.info)
  • Based on a microscopy-based screen, the dynamic membrane localization of lipid handling factors will be analyzed under different metabolic conditions. (uni-osnabrueck.de)
  • Targeting and metabolic control of factors such as the DAG acyltransferase Dga1 will be analyzed in detail to understand their metabolic control and ER-membrane localization. (uni-osnabrueck.de)
  • Enrichment analysis for protein localization showed that mainly intracellular and cell-associated interacting proteins were identified. (degruyter.com)
  • Respecting the preferentially intracellular localization of sGAG in vesicle-like structures, also the interaction data indicate sGAG-specific modulation of vesicle-based transport processes. (degruyter.com)
  • These parasites exhibit an atypical cytoskeleton organized around a membranous structure named "inner membrane complex" (IMC) and composed of flattened sacs, and a meshwork of intermediate filament-like proteins, which connects the plasma membrane to the cortical microtubules. (cnrs.fr)
  • The cytoskeleton is a highly dynamic network of filamentous proteins that enables the active transport of cellular cargo, transduces force, and when assembled into higher-order structures, forms the basis for motile cellular structures that promote cell movement. (mechanobio.info)
  • V-ATPase interacts with NuRD and is asymmetrically segregated into the surviving daughter cell. (elifesciences.org)
  • VCP interacts with adaptor proteins to identify ubiquitylated substrates for degradation by the proteasome. (portlandpress.com)
  • Analyses of cultured cells with altered levels of this putative Ca 2+ -permeable mechanosensitive channel indicate that OsMCA1 is involved in regulation of plasma membrane Ca 2+ influx and ROS generation induced by hypo-osmotic stress in cultured rice cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although sulfated GAGs (sGAGs) appear intracellularly, the knowledge about intracellular effects and putative interaction partners is scarce. (degruyter.com)
  • FN2 is followed by a transmembrane (TM) helix, and an intracellular part consisting of a juxtamembrane (JM) region with several conserved tyrosine (Y) residues, a tyrosine kinase domain, a sterile-α motif (SAM) protein-protein interaction domain, and a C-terminal Psd-95, Dlg and ZO1 domain (PDZ)-binding motif ( Pasquale, 2008 ). (silverchair.com)
  • Involved in the interaction of plaque proteins and intermediate filaments mediating cell-cell adhesion. (cusabio.com)
  • The interaction with PI(4,5)P2 causes FGF2 to oligomerize and to insert into the plasma membrane forming a toroidal pore. (db-engine.de)
  • The substituted amino acid is located within the second C2HC motif in the conserved zinc finger domain of NANOS3 and in silico molecular modelling suggests destabilization of protein-RNA interaction. (hindawi.com)
  • This facilitates TrkAIII tk-mediated binding of gamma-tubulin, which is regulated by endogenous protein tyrosine phosphatases and geldanamycin-sensitive interaction with Hsp90, paving the way for TrkAIII recruitment to the centrosome. (cnr.it)
  • the complex is then targeted to the ER membrane by the interaction with the SRP receptor (3). (mechanobio.info)
  • This is possible because the adhesion state of integrins is transmitted to their intracellular domain by conformational change, triggering molecular interaction cascades in the cytosol, that eventually change gene expression. (uvigo.es)
  • Cadherins are evolutionary related to the desmogleins which are component of intercellular desmosome junctions involved in the interaction of plaque proteins. (embl.de)
  • The interaction of sGAG with α2-macroglobulin receptor-associated protein (LRPAP1), exportin-1 (XPO1), and serine protease HTRA1 (HTRA1) was confirmed in reverse assays. (degruyter.com)
  • A short-term position at Oxford Brookes just after my PhD allowed me to expand my expertise to ER and Golgi as well as acquiring skills in live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Moreover, Eph/ephrin signalling can be bi-directional, with intracellular pathways operating downstream of both the Eph receptor (forward signalling) and the ephrin ligand (reverse signalling) ( Kullander and Klein, 2002 ). (silverchair.com)
  • 10 Galectins can function inside the cells by modulating signaling pathways, 11 although they also act extracellularly by establishing multivalent interactions with cell surface glycans and delivering signals that lead to disruption of cellular homeostasis. (nature.com)
  • Freiburgers mentioned the download advanced mass spectrometry for food safety and quality volume cell over analgesic tract pathways alone, and also the Tuition is ResearchGate snRNP. (evakoch.com)
  • VCP primarily identifies ubiquitylated proteins in these pathways and mediates their unfolding and degradation by the 26S proteasome. (portlandpress.com)
  • Valosin-containing protein (VCP, also p97, or Cdc48p in yeast) is an evolutionarily conserved, homo-hexameric, ubiquitin-selective, AAA-ATPase that functions in numerous ubiquitin-dependent protein quality control pathways. (portlandpress.com)
  • Due to its abundance and versatile function, VCP participates in many cellular pathways including ERAD, endolysosomal trafficking, selective autophagy, cell cycle regulation, and DNA damage signaling [ 1 ]. (portlandpress.com)
  • However, the direct effects of MCA proteins on osmotic-induced Ca 2+ influx through the plasma membrane and the osmotic signaling pathways are little understood. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The complex membrane networks have a fundamental function in spatially organizing metabolic pathways and many other cellular processes. (uni-osnabrueck.de)
  • T. brucei is also an excellent model for studying proteins involved in the biogenesis, structure and function of mammalian cilia and flagella, and mutant proteins involved in male infertility. (cnrs.fr)
  • We identify the vacuolar H + -adenosine triphosphatase (V-ATPase) complex as a crucial regulator of NuRD's asymmetric segregation. (elifesciences.org)
  • We suggest that asymmetric segregation of V-ATPase may cause distinct acidification levels in the two daughter cells, enabling asymmetric epigenetic inheritance that specifies their respective life-versus-death fates. (elifesciences.org)
  • The authors propose that the asymmetric segregation of the NuRD complex in C. elegans is regulated in a V-ATPase-dependent manner, that this plays a crucial role in determining the differential expression of the apoptosis activator egl-1 and that it is therefore critical for the life/death fate decision in this species. (elifesciences.org)
  • Asymmetric segregation of NuRD during ACDs of C. elegans Q neuroblast. (elifesciences.org)
  • Mouse oocytes undergo a very asymmetric division in size during meiosis I, whereas one-cell embryos divide symmetrically. (espci.fr)
  • Crowding of asymmetric proteins results in an asymmetric lateral pressure across the membrane which can be used by cells in a number of biological processes involving membrane remodeling. (portlandpress.com)
  • We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
  • The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
  • As illustrated below (Fig. 2), unconventional secretion of FGF2 occurs by direct translocation across plasma membranes, a process that involves sequential interactions of FGF2 with ATP1A1, Tec kinase and the phosphoinositide PI(4,5)P2 at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. (db-engine.de)
  • I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
  • By combining biochemistry research, biophysics research, and state-of-the-art structural methods, scientists are resolving macromolecular complexes at atomic resolution, reconstituting multi-component complexes in vitro, studying protein-ligand interactions, and observing molecular machines in action. (viennabiocenter.org)
  • The consortium will develop and apply lipid tools and biomolecular mass spectrometry to map the protein and lipid landscapes at the (sub)organellar level, use light and electron microscopy to resolve the organization and dynamics of membrane networks, and structural biology approaches to elucidate membrane protein function and plasticity within their natural lipid environment. (uni-osnabrueck.de)
  • Here we used an affinity-purification mass spectrometry-based (AP-MS) approach to identify novel and particularly intracellular sGAG-interacting proteins in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC). (degruyter.com)
  • Techniques in regular use include single-molecule biochemistry , cryo-electron microscopy (EM), X-ray crystallography , NMR , mass spectrometry , protein complex stoichiometry analysis , and fluorescence imaging . (viennabiocenter.org)
  • The coat on the budding vesicle comprises two layers, an inner layer of adaptor proteins (gray ovals) and an outer layer that forms a polyhedral cage. (biologists.com)
  • VCP identifies ubiquitylated substrates through numerous dedicated adaptor proteins and unfolds substrates by threading them through a central pore in the hexamer ( Figure 1 ). (portlandpress.com)
  • Cell adhesion relies on transmembrane proteins, known as adhesion proteins , found in the plasma membrane. (uvigo.es)
  • Cadherins are a group of transmembrane proteins that serve as the major adhesion molecules located within adherens junctions. (embl.de)
  • Failure of delivery of molecular oxygen to cells results in a metabolic shift to anaerobic glycolysis, in which glucose is converted to pyruvate as an inefficient means of generating adenosine triphosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Under normal conditions, the molecular machinery of the cell is further protected from lysosomal enzyme activity by regulation of cytosolic pH. (wikipedia.org)
  • One adhesion molecule does not make a strong bond, but cell adhesion is performed by many adhesion molecules that altogether make a strong linking, as if they were a molecular Velcro. (uvigo.es)
  • Some adhesion molecules may interact laterally between each other and form molecular complexes that increase the adhesion strength in some local points of the cell surface. (uvigo.es)
  • We will follow a multiscale approach to study how functional plasticity is encoded by cellular membrane networks from the molecular and sub-cellular up to the organismic level. (uni-osnabrueck.de)
  • Piezo1 activation in cells is typically measured by patch clamp assays that drastically affect the native environment of Piezo1, disrupt cellular composition and cytoskeletal dynamics, and provide limited or no spatial information as to where channels are activated. (nature.com)
  • The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
  • These functions include coupling cytoskeletal force generation to strongly adherent sites on the cell surface and the regulation of intracellular signaling events. (embl.de)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein, found in all animal cells and possibly plant cells as well, performs functions necessary for cell survival such as organelle transport and centrosome assembly. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein positions the spindle at the site of cytokinesis by anchoring to the cell cortex and pulling on astral microtubules emanating from centrosome . (wikipedia.org)
  • We measured cell tension and could validate their hypothesis that the specific cortical actin structure connected to an actin cytoplasmic meshwork did, indeed, control the geometry of cell division. (espci.fr)
  • The RNA-binding protein NANOS3 poses as an interesting candidate gene for POI since members of the Nanos family have an evolutionarily conserved function in germ cell development and maintenance by repressing apoptosis. (hindawi.com)
  • Nanos was first identified in Drosophila , where it represses the translation of target mRNAs through binding to their 3′ UTR and has a conserved function in germ cell development across species. (hindawi.com)
  • Members of the evolutionarily conserved Nanos gene family are preferentially expressed in the ovaries and are known to play an important role in germ cell development, maintenance, and survival [ 24 - 30 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Three Nanos homologues exist in mouse, with Nanos2 and Nanos3 functioning primarily in male germ cell development and maintaining PGCs viability, respectively [ 33 , 34 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In mice, Nanos3 is expressed in the primordial germ cells (PGCs) from their formation until shortly after their appearance in the gonads (E13.5 in female and E14.5 in male embryos) [ 24 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • It was hypothesized by ME Terret and MH Verlhac at Collège de France that cell tension may have a role in the geometry of cell division that relies exclusively on actin. (espci.fr)
  • We have reconstituted the actin cortex of cells at the membrane of liposomes, and characterized their mechanical properties. (espci.fr)
  • In oocytes, cells lacking canonical centrosomes, two F-actin networks replace astral microtubules for spindle positioning. (espci.fr)
  • In the earliest stages of development, the physical properties of the microenvironment can direct cell differentiation, and initiate the coordinated movement of groups of cells to establish the patterns that will define how the body is arranged. (mechanobio.info)
  • 2021) RAB33B recruits the ATG16L1 complex to the phagophore via a noncanonical RAB binding protein. (scilifelab.se)
  • A promoter-reporter assay suggested that OsMCA1 mRNA is widely expressed in seed embryos, proximal and apical regions of shoots, and mesophyll cells of leaves and roots in rice. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, in epithelial cells, which are polarized, protein composition at the apical membrane is very different from that at the basolateral membrane. (mechanobio.info)
  • Glycolysis has a lower ATP yield than oxidative phosphorylation and generates acidic byproducts that decrease the pH of the cell, which enables many of the enzymatic processes involved in autolysis. (wikipedia.org)
  • With the help a complex network of Rab regulators and effectors, Rab GTPases regulate these processes through tightly controlled enzymatic GTPase cycle and spatial distribution in cells. (scilifelab.se)
  • Morphogenesis in the embryo requires coordinated cell behaviour, which is stimulated by cues from the cells' environment that are generated as a result of patterning processes in early development. (silverchair.com)
  • Although one typically thinks of carbohydrates as associated with cell growth and viability, glycosylation also has an integral role in many processes leading to cell death. (nature.com)
  • how a cell can detect, measure and respond to the rigidity of its substrate and how these processes apply to larger biological systems. (mechanobio.info)
  • The thermal responses of membrane lipid composition and function in two bacterial species isolated recently from Heywood Lake sediment in Antarctica have been investigated. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Organelle-specific membrane properties governed by the lipid composition directly control membrane protein functions via intricate, highly interconnected mechanistic principles. (uni-osnabrueck.de)
  • Dyneins are a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells . (wikipedia.org)
  • In my laboratory researchers are examining the roles played by axonal cytoskeletal proteins in nervous system development, and in the etiology of Alzheimer's and other related neurodegenerative diseases. (uml.edu)
  • We propose that Piezo1 Ca 2+ flickers allow spatial segregation of mechanotransduction events, and that mobility allows Piezo1 channels to explore a large number of mechanical microdomains and thus respond to a greater diversity of mechanical cues. (nature.com)
  • Such spatial organization of membrane components occurs at the nanometer scale and during different stages of cell growth, or in response to stressors or nutritional changes. (uni-osnabrueck.de)
  • Nat Cell Biol 15 : 958-66 (2013). (espci.fr)
  • Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. (embl.de)
  • Labeling proteins with synthetic probes, such as fluorophores, affinity tags, and other functional labels is enormously useful for characterizing protein function in vitro, in live cells, or in whole organisms. (scilifelab.se)
  • The reduced availability and subsequent absence of high-energy molecules that are required to maintain the integrity of the cell and maintain homeostasis causes significant changes in the biochemical operation of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The surface of the living cells is decorated by a complex layer of glycosylated molecules that store relevant biological information. (nature.com)
  • A dhesion molecules are found in the plasma membrane. (uvigo.es)
  • For example, cells can change the type and amount of adhesion molecules in the plasma membrane by synthesis, degradation, or hidden them temporarily in internal compartments by endocytosis and exocytosis. (uvigo.es)
  • VPS proteins function as part of complexes such as the homotypic fusion and vacuole protein sorting (HOPS) tethering complex, composed of VPS11, VPS16, VPS18, VPS33A, VPS39 and VPS41. (bvsalud.org)
  • Rab GTPases function as key regulators of intracellular vesicular transport. (scilifelab.se)
  • Black-Yellow Coalition" has also in photosystem at the downstream cell. (evakoch.com)
  • Fig. 1: Cis elements in FGF2 required for unconventional secretion from tumor cells. (db-engine.de)
  • Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)
  • Autolysis is uncommon in living adult organisms and usually occurs in necrotic tissue as enzymes act on components of the cell that would not normally serve as substrates. (wikipedia.org)
  • This process requires compartmentalization and segregation of enzymes and substrates via a single intracellular membrane that prevents unwarranted destruction of other intracellular components. (wikipedia.org)
  • In biology, autolysis, more commonly known as self-digestion, refers to the destruction of a cell through the action of its own enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • At that time, glycobiology, which is the study of carbohydrates and their recognition by motif-specific carbohydrate-binding proteins or lectins, lagged far behind the studies that defined the structural and cellular biology of cell death. (nature.com)
  • We tackle these problems using novel chemical approaches in combination with biochemical and cell biological methods. (scilifelab.se)
  • Mechanical forces are transduced into biochemical signals by specialized proteins. (nature.com)
  • Water retention, ionic changes, and acidification of the cell damages membrane-bound intracellular structures including the lysosome and peroxisome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Axonemal dynein causes sliding of microtubules in the axonemes of cilia and flagella and is found only in cells that have those structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Adhesion is not just for anchoring and placing cells to form tridimensional structures, but also for communication between each other. (uvigo.es)
  • Many viruses use the microtubule transport system to transport nucleic acid/protein cores to intracellular replication sites after invasion host the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA sequences that form the coding region for the viral envelope (env) proteins in retroviruses. (lookformedical.com)
  • They are usually synthesized as protein precursors (POLYPROTEINS) and later cleaved into the final viral envelope glycoproteins by a viral protease. (lookformedical.com)
  • The products are usually synthesized as protein precursors or POLYPROTEINS, which are then cleaved by viral proteases to yield the final products. (lookformedical.com)
  • I took up a position at Oxford Brookes University in 2012 investigating the role of reticulon proteins in ER tubulation and viral trafficking in order to develop my international reputation in ER research and advanced imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Finally, we showed that decreasing NSMCE2 gene expression increases breast cancer cells' sensitivity to chemotherapy treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Basal tumors are characterized by high expression of keratins 5 and 17, laminin, and fatty acid binding protein 7. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, the Normal-like classified tumors show high expression levels of many genes expressed by adipose tissue and other nonepithelial cell types and are characterized by gene expression patterns that are similar to those of normal breast tissue. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Expression of the desmosomal protein Desmoglein-2 was reduced in pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy pediatric patients. (cusabio.com)
  • Membrane inserted FGF2 oligomers are believed to serve as translocation intermediates that are disassembled by heparan sulfate proteoglycans at the outer leaflet of plasma membranes. (db-engine.de)
  • Clones were strain-typed by using outer membrane protein A and 16S rRNA sequences. (cdc.gov)
  • These biovars comprise 19 serologic variants (serovars), which are identified by monoclonal antibodies that react to epitopes on the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
  • They are spatiotemporally regulated in response to extra- or intracellular stimuli. (scilifelab.se)
  • Electrophysiological and bioinformatic studies have revealed the existence of plasma membrane Ca 2+ -permeable channels activated by mechanical stimuli, although the structural entity involved and their physiological functions remain largely unknown [ 8 - 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The cycle begins when metabolically inactive elementary bodies (EBs) infect the host cell and reside in a vacuole termed an inclusion body. (cdc.gov)
  • The goal is to investigate how these pathogens reprogram metabolic lipid flows and consequently impact on the functional plasticity of the mycobacteria-containing vacuole (MCV) membrane composition. (uni-osnabrueck.de)
  • In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
  • Formation of double-membrane autophagosome is the key process in autophagy. (scilifelab.se)
  • These semi-synthetic protein probes have been very useful in the investigation of protein functions in membrane trafficking and autophagy. (scilifelab.se)
  • Intracellular lectins and glycan-modifying enzymes mediate autophagy and control host immunity and inflammation. (nature.com)
  • For example, our scientists have used the technique to study different functional states of the 1.5-MDa anaphase-promoting complex, which is a key regulator of the cell cycle. (viennabiocenter.org)
  • and results in the formation of a large nucleo-protein complex (the partition complex) around the parS site on the DNA to be partitioned. (biorxiv.org)
  • The N-terminal part of gp41 is thought to be involved in CELL FUSION with the CD4 ANTIGENS of T4 LYMPHOCYTES, leading to syncytial formation. (lookformedical.com)
  • My additional independent research on ER localisation and splicing in auxin biosynthesis showed for the first time ER-localisation for an auxin biosynthetic protein. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • Here, we describe five unrelated families with nine affected individuals, all carrying homozygous variants in VPS41 that we show impact protein function. (bvsalud.org)
  • 2014) A bioorthogonal small-molecule switch system for controlling protein function in live cells. (scilifelab.se)
  • Patient mutations function a high tyrosine of next N-glycans with an part of negative intracellular impacts, although the synapse cancer followed multi-step. (evakoch.com)
  • More recently, we have identified several BILBO1 protein partners that are unique to the parasite and their function is not known. (cnrs.fr)
  • Our projects will provide insights into the physiological adaptation of membrane properties and their dysregulation in diseases caused by defects in lipid metabolism, or membrane protein assembly, targeting, or function, or by microbial infections. (uni-osnabrueck.de)
  • It is noteworthy that 105 of the 131 apoptotic cells (Q.aa and Q.pp), respectively ( Figure 1A ). (elifesciences.org)
  • QL or QR neuroblast each generates three neurons and two apoptotic cells (Q.aa/Q.pp, X). QL produces PQR, PVM, and SDQL. (elifesciences.org)
  • How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)
  • OsMCA1- suppressed plants showed retarded growth and shortened rachises, while OsMCA1 -suppressed cells carrying Ca 2+ -sensitive photoprotein aequorin showed partially impaired changes in cytosolic free Ca 2+ concentration ([Ca 2+ ] cyt ) induced by hypo-osmotic shock and trinitrophenol, an activator of mechanosensitive channels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our work has been focused on preparation of post-translationally modified proteins (ChemBioChem 2011, 2013, 2020, Bioorg Med Chem 2017). (scilifelab.se)
  • Although Piezo1 channels diffuse readily in the plasma membrane and are widely distributed across the cell, their flicker activity is enriched near force-producing adhesions. (nature.com)
  • these data suggest that palmitoylation of Dsg2 regulates protein transport to the plasma membrane. (cusabio.com)
  • OsMCA1 was specifically localized at the plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ca 2+ uptake was enhanced in OsMCA1 -overexpressing suspension-cultured cells, suggesting that OsMCA1 is involved in Ca 2+ influx across the plasma membrane. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During this process, [Ca 2+ ] cyt levels rise through the opening of Ca 2+ channels located on the plasma membrane and endomembranes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) is the most abundant phosphoinositide in mammalian cells. (mechanobio.info)
  • in particular, acto-myosin cortical tension drives many events of cell fate, including cell division. (espci.fr)
  • In terms of autolysis, peroxisomes provide catabolic potential for fatty acids and reactive oxygen species, which are released into the cytosol as the peroxisomal membrane is damaged by water retention and digestion by other catabolic enzymes. (wikipedia.org)
  • Characteristic early signaling events include Ca 2+ influx, protein phosphorylation and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (biomedcentral.com)
  • While a postdoctoral student at MIT, Tomomi Kiyomitsu discovered how dynein has a role as a motor protein in aligning the chromosomes in the middle of the cell during the metaphase of mitosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • It does this repeatedly so the chromosomes end up in the center of the cell, which is necessary in mitosis. (wikipedia.org)