AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
GTP-Binding ProteinsGuanosine TriphosphateGTP Phosphohydrolasesrac GTP-Binding ProteinsGuanosine DiphosphateMolecular Sequence DataMonomeric GTP-Binding ProteinsGuanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)Amino Acid Sequencerab GTP-Binding ProteinsADP-Ribosylation Factorsrho GTP-Binding ProteinsPertussis ToxinVirulence Factors, BordetellaProtein BindingADP Ribose TransferasesBotulinum ToxinsAdenosine Diphosphate RiboseGuanine Nucleotide Exchange FactorsThionucleotidesBase SequenceGTPase-Activating ProteinsSequence Homology, Amino AcidrhoA GTP-Binding ProteinCloning, Molecularras ProteinsSignal TransductionMutationPoly(A)-Binding ProteinsKineticsCell MembraneCarrier ProteinsSaccharomyces cerevisiaeCattleBinding SitesGTP Cyclohydrolasecdc42 GTP-Binding ProteinTacrolimus Binding ProteinsGuanine NucleotidesHydrolysisProtein Structure, TertiaryPoly(A)-Binding Protein IDNA-Binding ProteinsCell LineRecombinant ProteinsGuanylyl ImidodiphosphateInsulin-Like Growth Factor Binding ProteinsRNA-Binding ProteinsEscherichia coliModels, MolecularRNA, MessengerRecombinant Fusion ProteinsFatty Acid-Binding ProteinsNuclear ProteinsEnzyme ActivationTransfectionGuanosine MonophosphateTransglutaminasesPeptide Elongation Factor TuTransducinBacterial ProteinsCells, CulturedPoly(A)-Binding Protein IIADP-Ribosylation Factor 1PhosphorylationPeptide Elongation Factor GMutagenesis, Site-DirectedMembrane ProteinsProto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)DynaminsGTP Phosphohydrolase-Linked Elongation FactorsSequence AlignmentTwo-Hybrid System TechniquesElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelTranscription FactorsProtein ConformationHeLa CellsDNA, ComplementaryMolecular WeightInsulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3Calcium-Binding ProteinsGene Expression RegulationPeriplasmic Binding ProteinsActinsProteinsAdenylosuccinate SynthaseBlotting, Westernrab5 GTP-Binding Proteins3T3 CellsCOS CellsPeptide Elongation FactorsTubulinCalciumTacrolimus Binding Protein 1ADNA PrimersOncogene Protein p21(ras)DNARibosomesLatent TGF-beta Binding Proteinsrab2 GTP-Binding Protein
Cdc42Signal TransductionRAC1Active GTP-bound formCatalysed by guanine nucleotGTPaseCell motilityPhosphorylationMembraneReceptorActin cytoskeletonPI3KSerineSuperfamilyCytoskeletonPathwayRegulateReceptorsActivatorGEFsGuanineEffectorsSpecificityMembranesGPCRsActivationSubunitCRIBGPCRActivateSubunitsPathwaysTranscriptionInteractionsSubfamilyGenesActivatesMotifsAntibodyEffector proteinInteractionSource:HGNCPeptideAmino acid identitySufficientPositivelyEncodesMutationsMoleculesGeneActivityRegulationSequence homology
Cdc4211
  • RhoG shares a subset of common binding partners with Rac, Cdc42 and RhoU/V members but a major specificity is its inability to bind to CRIB domain proteins such as PAKs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like GTPases Also called Dbl-homologous (DH) domain. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The Rho family GTPases Rho, Rac and CDC42 regulate a diverse array of cellular processes. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Mechanistically, Mig6 requires an intact Cdc42/Rac interactive binding site to exert its inhibitory action, which suggests that Mig6 acts, at least in part, distally from Met, possibly by inhibiting Rho-like GTPases. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The best-characterized molecules are Rho, which controls the stress fibers and focal adhesion formation, and Rac and Cdc42, which regulate membrane ruffling, and filopodium formation, respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • encodes a member of a novel protein family that contains contain a CRIB (for Cdc42/Rac-interactive binding) motif required for their specific interaction with GTP-bound Rop1 (plant-specific Rho GTPase). (or.jp)
  • GTPase activator proteins towards Rho/Rac/Cdc42-like small GTPases. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Here we show that direct elevation of cytoplasmic Ca 2+ by extracellular application of a low concentration of ryanodine, which activated Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores, upregulated Cdc42/Rac, but downregulated RhoA, in cultured cerebellar granule cells and human embryonic kidney 293T cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • Because Cdc42/Rac positively regulate axon extension and stabilization, whereas RhoA increases the tendency of growth cone retraction, it is likely that an activity gradient of Cdc42/Rac across the growth cone triggered by extracellular guidance cues results in preferential axon extension toward the side of higher Cdc42/Rac activity, whereas higher RhoA activity results in preferential retraction of filopodia and repulsive growth cone turning. (jneurosci.org)
  • Can activate specifically hydrolysis of GTP bound to RAC1 and CDC42, but not RALA. (innatedb.com)
  • It is concluded that the Salmonella SigD protein deprived of its phosphatase activity is able to disrupt yeast morphogenesis by interfering with Cdc42 function, opening the possibility that the SigD N-terminal region might directly modulate small GTPases from the host during infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Signal Transduction2
  • The FGFs are heparin -binding proteins and interactions with cell-surface associated heparan sulfate proteoglycans has been shown to be essential for FGF signal transduction. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • A RHO GTP-BINDING PROTEIN involved in regulating signal transduction pathways that control assembly of focal adhesions and actin stress fibers. (nih.gov)
RAC14
  • RAC1: GTP is FEN1-processed target in program to VEGF targeting by Originally using with CYBB and NCF2, stimulating to protein of VEGF-signaling through VEGF act VEGFR2, which is a dissociation in nucleus( Ushio-Fukai et al. (erik-mill.de)
  • We find that auto-inhibited PI3Kβ must first cooperatively engage a single RTK-derived tyrosine phosphorylated (pY) peptide before it can engage either GβGγ or Rac1(GTP). (elifesciences.org)
  • In the presence of either pY/GβGγ or pY/Rac1(GTP), PI3Kβ activity is dramatically enhanced beyond what can be explained by the increase in membrane avidity for these complexes. (elifesciences.org)
  • Instead, PI3Kβ is synergistically activated by pY/GβGγ and pY/Rac1(GTP) through a mechanism of allosteric regulation. (elifesciences.org)
Active GTP-bound form2
  • Rho GTPases work as sensitive molecular switches existing either in an inactive, GDP-bound form or an active GTP-bound form. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Like all other GTPases, Rho proteins act as molecular switches, with an active GTP-bound form and an inactive GDP-bound form. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Catalysed by guanine nucleot1
GTPase13
  • The second class are known as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) and these promote hydrolysis of GTP to GDP (via the intrinsic GTPase activity of the G protein) thus terminating RhoG-mediated signalling. (wikipedia.org)
  • Biochemical data have established the role of the conserved DH domain in Rho GTPase interaction and activation, and the role of the tandem PH domain in intracellular targeting and/or regulation of DH domain function. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • A common theme of these processes is a dynamic reorganization of actin cytoskeleton which has now emerged as a major switch control mainly carried out by Rho and Rac GTPase subfamilies, playing an acknowledged role in adaptation of cell motility to the microenvironment. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A structural feature that distinguishes the Rho proteins from other small GTPases is the so-called Rho insert domain located between a β strand and an α helix within the small GTPase domain [ 1 - 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Typically Rho proteins are 190-250 residues long and consist only of the GTPase domain and short terminal C-terminal extensions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Within their GTPase domains, they share approximately 30% amino acid identity with the Ras proteins and 40-95% identity within the family. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rho GTPase effectors are a large group of proteins and include actin nucleation promoting molecules, adaptors, as well as kinases. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two factors concur to determine specific Rho GTPase function: tissue specificity of GTPase effectors and distinct intracellular localizations of closely related Rho GTPases, due to different lipid modifications [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The active conformation is promoted by guanine-nucleotide exchange factors, and the inactive state by GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) which stimulate the intrinsic GTPase activity of small G proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • This gene is highly expressed in fetal brain and encodes a protein of relative molecular mass 91K, named oligophrenin-1, which contains a domain typical of a Rho-GTPase-activating protein (rhoGAP). (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • By enhancing their GTPase activity, GAP proteins inactivate small Rho and Ras proteins, so inactivation of rhoGAP proteins might cause constitutive activation of their GTPase targets. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • In particular, we propose that Arg 85 and Asn 194 are involved in binding G proteins and enhancing GTPase activity. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Furthermore, Ca 2+ -induced GTPase activity correlated with activation of protein kinase C and required a basal activity of Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. (jneurosci.org)
Cell motility4
  • Dock180, the archetypal member of this family, is seen as an atypical GEF in that efficient GEF activity requires the presence of the DOCK-binding protein ELMO (engulfment and cell motility) which binds RhoG at its N-terminus. (wikipedia.org)
  • This review will focus on the role of Rac and Rho small GTPases in cell motility and in the complex relationship driving the reciprocal control between Rac and Rho granting for the opportunistic motile behaviour of aggressive cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • They are endowed with GTP hydrolytic activity, mainly involved in cytoskeleton rearrangements and cell motility, but also involved in cell proliferation, transformation and differentiation [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among other members, we will focus our attention on the Rac and Rho subfamilies, as they are the main effectors of cell motility. (biomedcentral.com)
Phosphorylation5
  • Among the goals for ROS in vivo may be the reversible oxidation of phosphatases, which as well as proteins tyrosine kinases are in charge of maintaining a standard proteins tyrosine phosphorylation-dephosphorylation homeostasis in cell signaling in vivo [5,14]. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Phosphorylation of TBC1D4 triggers the binding of this effector to inhibitory 14-3-3 proteins, which is required for insulin-stimulated glucose transport. (stjohnslabs.com)
  • Vimentin phosphorylation by a protein kinase causes the breakdown of intermediate filaments and activation of an ATP and myosin light chain dependent contractile event. (thermofisher.com)
  • In this study we used phosphorylation of the transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein as a functional readout to identify cells responding to EGF and FGF-2. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • The TP53 role anything, which is as heterodimerization of the RUNX1: loop repeat, was identified to directly eventually heat Phosphorylation of several proteins that are diseases of intellectual stages. (erik-mill.de)
Membrane12
  • The proposed model for RhoG-dependent Rac activation involves recruitment of the ELMO/Dock180 complex to activated RhoG at the plasma membrane and this relocalisation, together with an ELMO-dependent conformational change in Dock180, is sufficient to promote GTP-loading of Rac. (wikipedia.org)
  • Research have revealed which the likely supply for ROS era may be the membrane-bound superoxide-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase [15]. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Rac could be involved with regulating the degrees of ROS after ligand-evoked activation [16-19] or it could serve as an activator for cytosolic phospholipase A2, which produces arachidonic acid in the membrane for mobile features [20]. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Ras could be recruited and anchored onto the internal surface area of cell membrane where it really is modified and turned on to Ras-GTP buy Kinetin [29,30], being a mobile redox regulator [16,31]. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Members of the Rho family of small G proteins transduce signals from plasma-membrane receptors and control cell adhesion, motility and shape by actin cytoskeleton formation. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Activated TNK2 phosphorylates it on Tyr-176 resulting in its binding to the anionic plasma membrane phospholipid PA. (stjohnslabs.com)
  • Resolved proteins were then transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane (Product # IB23001) by iBlot® 2 Dry Blotting System (Product # IB21001). (thermofisher.com)
  • It is believed to be involved with the intracellular transport of proteins between the nucleus and plasma membrane. (thermofisher.com)
  • Previous experiments have not been able to elucidate whether interactions with membrane-tethered proteins primarily control PI3Kβ localization versus directly modulate lipid kinase activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • To decipher how amplification of PI(3,4,5)P 3 arises from the relay of signals between cell surface receptors, lipids, and peripheral membrane proteins, we must understand how membrane localization and activity of PI3Ks is regulated by different signaling inputs. (elifesciences.org)
  • Recent work published in The EMBO Journal and EMBO Reports reveals a novel role for the protein TECPR1 as a sensor for stressed membranes and regulator of lysosomal membrane repair. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • However, the Atg8 family of proteins are not found solely attached to double-membrane autophagosomes. (babraham.ac.uk)
Receptor15
  • Outcomes Inhibitions of PDGF receptor kinase, the docking proteins element Src-family kinases, as well as the success component PI3K all eradicated PDGF-stimulated ROS creation and corroborated using the suppressed cell development. (thetechnoant.info)
  • signaling in the zoom lens epithelial cells, where concerted efforts from the upstream the different parts of PDGF receptor kinase, Src-family kinases, PI3K, Rac, and Ras protein are needed. (thetechnoant.info)
  • Each isoform serves via two receptor tyrosine kinases of PDGFR and PDGFR inducing dimerization of receptors and autophosphorylation of distinct tyrosines in the intracellular domains from the receptor. (thetechnoant.info)
  • The guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Dbl targets Rho family proteins thereby stimulating their GDP/GTP exchange, and thus is believed to be involved in receptor-mediated regulation of the proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The class 1A phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) beta (PI3Kβ) is functionally unique in the ability to integrate signals derived from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and Rho-family GTPases. (elifesciences.org)
  • This can either occur by cell surface receptor interactions, as in the case with peptide growth factors, or by interactions with intracellular molecules, as in the case with steroid hormones. (beauty104.com.tw)
  • 2003). FGF molecules bind to a family of receptor molecules consisting of 4 members (FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4). (beauty104.com.tw)
  • All six receptors belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily which initiates intracellular signalling cascades via four G protein classes differentiated by their α subunit type: Gαs, Gαi/o, Gαq/11, Gα12/13. (smpdb.ca)
  • This results in the dissociation of a Gα-GTP monomer and a Gβγ dimer from the receptor which allows both complexes to begin signalling cascades via downstream effectors. (smpdb.ca)
  • This receptor can couple with the G proteins Gαi/o, Gαq/11, and Gα12/13. (smpdb.ca)
  • IP3 diffuses through the cytoplasm to the ER and binds to the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins3P) receptor, releasing calcium from the endoplasmic reticulum into the cytoplasm. (smpdb.ca)
  • The higher rate of Gβγ release is attributable to a faster G protein coupled receptor - G protein trimer association rate in M2R compared to β2AR. (elifesciences.org)
  • The activated receptor catalyzes removal of GDP from the G protein alpha subunit (Gα i ), which allows intracellular GTP to bind. (elifesciences.org)
  • adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E5. (gsea-msigdb.org)
  • The RUNX1: type pyrophosphate directly is change of the dendritic receptor, quantifying DNA transcription protein 1( CD35)( Kim et al. (erik-mill.de)
Actin cytoskeleton4
  • Ras may become a switch to modify indication transduction pathways that control cell proliferation, differentiation, company of actin cytoskeleton, intracellular transportation and success [21-28]. (thetechnoant.info)
  • The Rho family of GTP-binding proteins has been implicated in the regulation of various cellular functions including actin cytoskeleton-dependent morphological change. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • This protein promotes the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, thereby playing a role in cell migration and growth. (cancerindex.org)
  • The authors have previously reported that the Salmonella typhimurium SigD protein, a phosphatidylinositol phosphatase involved in invasion of the host cell, inhibits yeast growth, presumably by depleting an essential pool of phosphatidylinositol 4,5- bis phosphate, and also that a catalytically inactive version, SigD R468A , was able to arrest growth by a different mechanism that involved disruption of the actin cytoskeleton. (microbiologyresearch.org)
PI3K3
  • Included in these are Src family members kinases, phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), phospholipase C (PLC) and little GTP-binding proteins Ras [34-36]. (thetechnoant.info)
  • To address this gap in our understanding of PI3Kβ regulation, we established an assay to directly visualize and decipher how three binding interactions regulate PI3Kβ when presented to the kinase in a biologically relevant configuration on supported lipid bilayers. (elifesciences.org)
  • Other downstream effectors of Gαi/o include the MAPK/ERK pathway, the PI3K/Akt pathway, and P13K/Rac signalling. (smpdb.ca)
Serine2
  • AKT1 is one of 3 closely related serine/threonine-protein kinases (AKT1, AKT2 and AKT3) called the AKT kinase, and which regulate many processes including metabolism, proliferation, cell survival, growth and angiogenesis. (stjohnslabs.com)
  • arginine and serine rich protein 1 [So. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Superfamily2
Cytoskeleton1
Pathway3
  • This pathway involves RhoG-dependent activation of Rac via the DOCK (dedicator of cytokinesis)-family of GEFs. (wikipedia.org)
  • modern pathway proteins, highly 100 responsibilities also, showed Okazaki mitochondria are located on the RNA-DNA males other. (erik-mill.de)
  • These ATG proteins also perform an important parallel role in 'noncanonical' autophagy, a lysosome-associated signaling pathway with key functions in immunity, inflammation, cancer, and neurodegeneration. (babraham.ac.uk)
Regulate3
  • Three classes of protein interact with RhoG to regulate GTP/GDP loading. (wikipedia.org)
  • Critical for cellular organization, phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipids regulate the localization and activity of numerous proteins across intracellular membranes in eukaryotic cells ( Di Paolo and De Camilli 2006 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • K + currents and bioluminescence resonance energy transfer between labelled G proteins and GIRK show that M2Rs catalyze Gβγ subunit release at higher rates than β2ARs, generating higher Gβγ concentrations that activate GIRK and regulate other targets of Gβγ. (elifesciences.org)
Receptors9
  • Its activity is directed by intracellular signals mediated by various types of receptors such as G protein-coupled receptors. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The exchange of GDP to GTP and thus the activation of Rho GTPases is catalyzed by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), which act downstream of numerous growth factor receptors, integrins, cytokine receptors, and cadherins. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In binding humans, experimental phase tissues are also more severe than larger moderator receptors alveolar to the dimerization of architecture they are. (erik-mill.de)
  • receptors with enzymes facilitate between 15 and 60 transcription of proposed sIL6R and enter directly a genome of this into the protein( Berge et al. (erik-mill.de)
  • Recent cancer genome deep sequencing efforts have revealed an unanticipated high frequency of mutations in G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in most tumour types. (nature.com)
  • Aberrant expression and activity of G proteins and G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are frequently associated with tumorigenesis. (nature.com)
  • Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a water-soluble phospholipid derivative and a potent signalling molecule that binds to six known lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs), named LPA1-LPA6. (smpdb.ca)
  • Stimulated muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (M2Rs) release Gβγ subunits, which slow heart rate by activating a G protein-gated K + channel (GIRK). (elifesciences.org)
  • These two branches control heart rate by stimulating different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which in turn activate ion channels that modify the electrical properties of cardiac pacemaker cells ( DiFrancesco, 1993 ). (elifesciences.org)
Activator2
  • Other proteins known to bind RhoG in its GTP-bound state include the microtubule-associated protein kinectin, Phospholipase D1 and the MAP Kinase activator MLK3. (wikipedia.org)
  • A cell-adhesion molecule fasciclin 2 (FAS2), which is required for synaptic growth and still life (SIF), an activator of RAC, were found to localize in the surrounding region of the active zone, defining the periactive zone in Drosophila neuromuscular synapses. (biologists.com)
GEFs2
  • The first are known as Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and these facilitate the exchange of GDP for GTP so as to promote subsequent RhoG-mediated signalling. (wikipedia.org)
  • The dynamic regulation of G protein signalling is necessarily complex and the 130 or more GEFs, GAPs and GDIs described thus far for the Rho family are considered to be the primary determinants of their spatiotemporal activity. (wikipedia.org)
Guanine2
Effectors3
  • As with all small G proteins RhoG is able to signal to downstream effectors when bound to GTP (Guanosine triphosphate) and unable to signal when bound to GDP (Guanosine diphosphate). (wikipedia.org)
  • Activated G proteins are able to couple to multiple downstream effectors and can therefore control a number of distinct signalling pathways (a characteristic known as pleiotropy). (wikipedia.org)
  • In turn, GTP-bound active GTPases can interact with a plethora of different effectors which mediate the different cellular functions of this family of proteins. (biomedcentral.com)
Specificity1
  • Well characterised examples include the dual specificity GEF TRIO which is able to promote nucleotide exchange on RhoG and Rac (via its GEFD1 domain) and also on RhoA via a separate GEF domain (GEFD2). (wikipedia.org)
Membranes2
  • In non-canonical Atg8-family protein lipidation they become conjugated to single membranes. (babraham.ac.uk)
  • We have shown that this process is triggered by recruitment of ATG16L1 by the vacuolar-type H-translocating ATPase (V-ATPase) proton pump, suggesting a role for pH sensing in recruitment of Atg8-family proteins to single membranes. (babraham.ac.uk)
GPCRs3
  • Aberrant expression, overexpression or signal reprogramming of GPCRs and G proteins in tumour cells can contribute to cancer development and progression. (nature.com)
  • G proteins, GPCRs and their linked signalling circuitry represent novel therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment. (nature.com)
  • These studies indicate that G proteins, GPCRs and their linked signalling circuitry represent novel therapeutic targets for cancer prevention and treatment. (nature.com)
Activation2
  • GDIs can also sequester G proteins in the cytosol which also prevents their activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Transiently transfected cells with plasmid from little GTP-binding proteins Rac N17 or Ras N17 reduced PDGF actions in ROS era, cell proliferation and MAP kinase activation, while cells with Rac V12 improved the PDGF impact. (thetechnoant.info)
Subunit3
  • The binding of LPA to an LPAR allosterically activates the heterotrimeric G protein by exchanging GDP for GTP at the G protein's alpha subunit. (smpdb.ca)
  • The process is reversed by the alpha subunit, which hydrolyses GTP to GDP followed by reformation of the Gα i (GDP)βγ complex. (elifesciences.org)
  • The activated GPCR then triggers the exchange of GDP to GTP on the Gα subunit. (elifesciences.org)
CRIB1
GPCR2
  • Agonist binding promotes the formation of a GPCR-Gα(GDP)βγ complex. (elifesciences.org)
  • Gα(GTP) and Gβγ subunits subsequently dissociate from the GPCR. (elifesciences.org)
Activate1
  • Both calcium and DAG activate the kinase activity of protein kinase C beta (PKC). (smpdb.ca)
Subunits2
  • Association of the proto-oncogene product dbl with G protein betagamma subunits. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Here, we show the association of Dbl with G protein betagamma subunits (Gbetagamma) in transient co-expression and cell-free systems. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Pathways3
  • RhoG (Ras homology Growth-related) (or ARGH) is a small (~21 kDa) monomeric GTP-binding protein (G protein), and is an important component of many intracellular signalling pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • The precise binding of the molecules can start signaling pathways resulting in cell proliferation and motility [37,38]. (thetechnoant.info)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
Transcription2
  • Transcription is regulated by proteins called sigma factors. (tcr-signal.com)
  • The transporter of negative transcription results in throughput amino in economic aspects develops the I of intracellular acids. (erik-mill.de)
Interactions1
  • There have been very few interactions reported between RhoG and negative regulators of G protein function. (wikipedia.org)
Subfamily2
Genes2
  • To date, 1527 human miRNAs have been identified (Sanger miRBase 18 http://www.miRbase.org/index.shtml), forming less than 1% of all human genes, potentially regulating more than 10% of all protein coding genes [ 1 ]. (intechopen.com)
  • Genetic studies have clarified that most microcephaly genes encode ubiquitous proteins involved in mitosis and in maintenance of genomic stability, but the effects of their inactivation are particularly strong in neural progenitors. (cancerindex.org)
Activates2
  • Upon stimulation, acetylcholine (ACh) released from the vagus nerve binds to and activates M2Rs in sinoatrial node (SAN) pacemaker cells, promoting the engagement of the GDP-bound G protein trimer (Gα i (GDP)βγ). (elifesciences.org)
  • Dissociated Gβγ directly binds to and activates GIRK channels. (elifesciences.org)
Motifs2
  • It does not share significant sequence homology with other subtypes of small G-protein GEF motifs such as the Cdc25 domain and the Sec7 domain, which specifically interact with Ras and ARF family small GTPases, respectively, nor with other Rho protein interactive motifs, indicating that the Dbl family proteins are evolutionarily unique. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • All members contain the sequence motifs characteristic of all GTP-binding proteins, bind to GDP and GTP with high affinity. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibody1
  • This Antibody was verified by Cell treatment to ensure that the antibody binds to the antigen stated. (thermofisher.com)
Effector protein1
  • Modulation of chloride secretory responses and barrier function of intestinal epithelial cells by the Salmonella effector protein SigD. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Interaction2
  • Residues conserved across the rhoGAP family are largely confined to one face of this bundle, which may be an interaction site for target G proteins. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • This gene and/or its encoded proteins are associated with 5 experimentally validated interaction(s) in this database. (innatedb.com)
Source:HGNC2
Peptide1
  • Synthetic peptide taken within amino acid region 430-480 on human Rac protein kinase-alpha protein. (stjohnslabs.com)
Amino acid identity1
Sufficient1
  • An amino-terminal portion conserved among a subset of Dbl family proteins is sufficient for the binding of Gbetagamma. (embl-heidelberg.de)
Positively1
  • Although the download история экономических учений учебное leading on the resulting redox is collectively possible to that on the exposing technology, the Several affect on the two binds performances positively well. (erik-mill.de)
Encodes2
  • Oligophrenin-1 encodes a rhoGAP protein involved in X-linked mental retardation. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • This gene encodes a large protein that functions as a GDP to GTP exchange factor. (cancerindex.org)
Mutations1
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Molecules1
  • They are small (21-25 kDa) molecules that share structural homology and become activated only when bound to GTP. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene3
  • Protein most similar to RIC4 (family subgroup V). Gene is expressed in all tissues examined. (or.jp)
  • These alterations may arise from cancer-specific changes in gene copy number, as well as from other genetic, epigenetic and post-translational changes resulting in higher protein expression, thereby enhancing tumour progression and metastasis. (nature.com)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
Activity2
  • The proteins encoded by members of the Dbl family share a common domain, presented in this entry, of about 200 residues (designated the Dbl homology or DH domain) that has been shown to encode a GEF activity specific for a number of Rho family members. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Using ryanodine to directly trigger intracellular [Ca 2+ ] i elevation, we showed in the present work that Rho GTPases can function downstream of Ca 2+ signals to mediate growth cone turning, although GTPases activity can also affect slightly the Ca 2+ signal. (jneurosci.org)
Regulation1
  • Furthermore, we found that the Ca 2+ effector enzyme protein kinase C (PKC) is essential for the Ca 2+ -dependent regulation of Rho GTPases during the transduction of guidance signals. (jneurosci.org)
Sequence homology1
  • Although these factors possess remarkably similar sequence homology, they do not bind FGFRs and are involved in intracellular processes unrelated to the FGFs (Olsen et al. (beauty104.com.tw)