Intracellular proteins protein cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

She learned that researchers had identified more than 300 Legionella peptides that mimic host proteins or otherwise hijack existing cellular pathways to the bacterium's advantage. (the-scientist.com)

Repetto MV, Winters MJ, Bush A, Reiter W, Hollenstein DM, Ammerer G, Pryciak PM, Colman-Lerner A. CDK and MAPK Synergistically Regulate Signaling Dynamics via a Shared Multi-site Phosphorylation Region on the Scaffold Protein Ste5. (umassmed.edu)
Bhaduri S, Valk E, Winters MJ, Gruessner B, Loog M, Pryciak PM. A docking interface in the cyclin Cln2 promotes multi-site phosphorylation of substrates and timely cell-cycle entry. (umassmed.edu)
Chief among the intracellular signals is the phosphorylation of proteins belonging to the pocket protein family, such as p107, p130 and retinoblastoma protein (Rb). (bdbiosciences.com)
A series of signal transduction events starting from the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) to binding of E2F -target transcription to phosphorylation of Rb helps maintain cell-cycle progression. (bdbiosciences.com)
The reversible phosphorylation of proteins on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues represents a fundamental strategy used by eukaryotic organisms to regulate a host of biological functions, including DNA replication, cell cycle progression, energy metabolism, and cell growth and differentiation. (rupress.org)
Levels of cellular protein phosphorylation are modulated both by protein kinases and phosphatases. (rupress.org)
Protein phosphorylation can regulate enzyme function, mediate protein-protein interactions, alter subcellular localization, and control protein stability. (rupress.org)
Here we provide evidence that exogenous DSBs lead to Rad53 phosphorylation during the meiotic cell cycle, whereas programmed meiotic DSBs do not. (unimi.it)
However, the latter can trigger phosphorylation of a protein fusion between Rad53 and the Mec1-interacting protein Ddc2, suggesting that the inability of Rad53 to transduce the meiosis-specific DSB signals might be due to its failure to access the meiotic recombination sites. (unimi.it)
PHOSPHORYLATION of stathmin occurs during CELL CYCLE progression, and stathmin functions as a microtubule-destabilizing protein that promotes MICROTUBULE depolymerization during INTERPHASE and late MITOSIS. (bvsalud.org)
The various markers that enable assessment of the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell carcinoma include the p16 protein, which halts the cell cycle and induces apoptosis by pRb-mediated phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4). (bvsalud.org)

Knockdown of NDRG1 in SW480 to a level that is similar to that in SW620 also modulated cell cycle and proliferation in SW480 towards the status of the highly metastatic SW620. (nih.gov)
Cell division, proliferation, and apoptosis and death are integral parts of life. (bdbiosciences.com)
Cell proliferation is an increase in the number of cells as a result of growth and division. (bdbiosciences.com)
The balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis is important for both development and normal tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)
A number of techniques are used to assess cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Using analogs to these nucleosides provides a way to measure cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Several cell cycle-associated proteins, such as Ki-67, are also used as indicators of cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Fluorescent or nonfluorescent cytoplasmic proliferation dyes can also be used as a measure cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
BD Biosciences offers BD Horizon™ Violet Proliferation Dye 450 and BD Horizon™ CFSE for the detection of cell proliferation with the violet laser and blue laser, respectively, which facilitates the use of larger panels. (bdbiosciences.com)
Among the genes that remain deregulated during remission, we identify several that are expressed by epithelial cells and are involved in epithelial cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis and response to stress. (bmj.com)
MTT assay was performed to determine the proliferation of cancer cells. (techscience.com)
In addition, overexpression of ZYX in hepatoma cell lines (PLC/PRF/5, HCCLM3) enhanced their proliferation, migration and invasion, whereas ZYX knockdown had the opposite effects (SK HEP-1, Huh-7). (techscience.com)
It is involved in the proliferation, invasion, apoptosis and epithelial mesenchymal transformation of malignant tumor cells. (techscience.com)
We treated TMZ-resistant cells U251-TMZ and T98G-TMZ to normoxia or hypoxia and silenced NUPR1 in hypoxia-treated U251-TMZ and T98G-TMZ cells to assess cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, LC3-II/LC3-I and p62 expressions, and autophagic flux under different concentrations of TMZ. (techscience.com)
Our study demonstrates that survivin and APE1/Ref-1 are significantly higher in human prostate cancer specimens compared to noncancerous controls and that APE1/Ref-1 redox-specific inhibition with small molecule inhibitor, APX3330 and a second-generation inhibitor, APX2009, decreases prostate cancer cell proliferation and induces cell cycle arrest. (oncotarget.com)
To investigate the effects of silibinin on the growth of oral cancer cells, cell proliferation and anchorage-independent colony formation tests were conducted on YD10B and Ca9-22 oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
Silibinin effectively suppressed YD10B and Ca9-22 cell proliferation and colony formation in a dose-dependent manner. (jcancer.org)
Number 2 Subcellular distribution of the TIA1 isoforms Involvement of TIA1 in ESCC cell proliferation To gain insight into the potential function Lidocaine (Alphacaine) of TIA1 whose overexpression could be associated with esophageal carcinogenesis we 1st tested the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA) focusing on TIA1 on cell proliferation. (mdm-inhibitors.com)
By silencing endogenous TIA1 using three different siRNAs cell proliferation was significantly suppressed in KYSE140 KYSE180 and TE4 cells. (mdm-inhibitors.com)
Number 3 Effects of TIA1 knockdown on cell proliferation We next launched a TIA1[v1]- or TIA1[v2]-expressing retrovirus into KYSE190 and KYSE2270 cells expressing relatively lower levels of endogenous TIA1 to determine the effects of exogenously indicated TIA1 isoforms. (mdm-inhibitors.com)
Functional loss of p16 may lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation 3,4 . (bvsalud.org)
Many factors are involved in causing and permitting the unregulated proliferation of cells that occurs in cancer. (msdmanuals.com)
Overview of Cancer Cancer is an unregulated proliferation of cells. (msdmanuals.com)

These include regulation of cell cycle, activation of mitochondrial pathway, induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, induction of apoptosis, modulation of oxidative stress, amelioration of inflammation, modulation of insulin signaling and inhibition of angiogenesis. (mdpi.com)
Cells are also programmed for death at the genetic level as a response to DNA damages through the process of apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Apoptosis is an organized process that signals cells to self-destruct for cell renewal or to control aberrant cell growth. (bdbiosciences.com)
As cells become damaged or are no longer needed, they undergo apoptosis or programmed cell death, a normal physiological process that occurs during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Apoptosis controls the orderly death of damaged cells, whereas necrosis occurs as a result of tissue damage, causing the loss of both damaged and surrounding cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Methods for detecting apoptosis or dead cells (viability) by cell preparation type. (bdbiosciences.com)
However, some cell types do not display characteristic features of apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
In those cases, multiple aspects of apoptosis might need to be analyzed to confirm the mechanism of cell death. (bdbiosciences.com)
Twenty-nine of these genes were significantly regulated in UC-in-remission subjects compared with non-IBD controls, including a large number of epithelial cell-expressed genes such as REG4, S100P, SERPINB5, SLC16A1, DEFB1, AQP3 and AQP8, which modulate epithelial cell growth, sensitivity to apoptosis and immune function. (bmj.com)
Propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V binding was utilized to measure the progression of the cell cycle and the induction of apoptosis. (techscience.com)
Abstract Fos-related antigen 1 (Fra-1) is a nuclear transcription factor that regulates cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. (techscience.com)
Fra-1 is highly expressed in gastric cancer (GC), affects the cycle distribution and apoptosis of GC cells, and participates in GC occurrence and development. (techscience.com)
A key feature of prostate cancer progression is the induction and activation of survival proteins, including the Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) family member survivin. (oncotarget.com)
Flow cytometry was used to examine apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (jcancer.org)
Moreover, it induced cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, apoptosis, and ROS generation in these cells. (jcancer.org)
Silibinin considerably reduced the development of oral cancer cells by inducing apoptosis, G 0 /G 1 arrest, ROS generation, and activation of the JNK/c-Jun pathway. (jcancer.org)
These results suggest that TIA1 silencing in ESCC cells contributes to cell cycle arrest in the G1-S checkpoint and the induction of apoptosis. (mdm-inhibitors.com)

In earlier studies, the development of snoRNA expression vectors was one of the main approaches to study the influence of box C/D snoRNAs on target genes in mammalian cells. (hindawi.com)
These genes participate in biological functions such as cellular growth, movement, assembly and organisation, as well as in fatty acid and protein metabolism. (bmj.com)
Viruses have ones to tens of genes packaged in a protein capsule, sometimes with a bit of oily membrane too. (emergingscholars.org)
By comparison, malaria parasites are entire cells with thousands of genes, multiple external proteins, and several distinct life cycle stages with differences in shape and protein expression. (emergingscholars.org)
Subsequent differentiation allows for rear- analysis of a set of mouse B lineage cell lines rep- rangements of the Ig light-chain (IgL) genes that replace the resenting defined stages of B cell development us- surrogate light-chain genes on the surface of the B cell [8]. (lu.se)
To reduce the risk of analyzing cell line- pathway can be divided into distinct stages based on the specific features, we used several representative cell lines for recombination status of the Ig genes and on the expression each of four major stages in B cell development: pro-B, pre-B, pattern of surface markers and the presence of intracellular proteins [1- 6]. (lu.se)

Notch signaling mediates G1/S cell-cycle progression in T cells via cyclin D3 and its dependent kinases. (umassmed.edu)
Nuclear protein-1 (NUPR1) is a regulator of glioma progression. (techscience.com)
Conclusion: p63, p16, MIB, Cal A, Cys A are markedly expressed and p16 is strongly suppressed in oral cavity tumors, which suggests that the latter protein may play a role in negative regulation of cell cycle progression. (bvsalud.org)
Immunohistochemical identification of molecular genetic events in the progression of preneoplastic lesions to spindle cell squamous-cell carcinoma enables early detection of lesions with the potential for malignant progression, thus permitting timely intervention 1,2 . (bvsalud.org)

We discuss the rationale of various anti-fibrogenic treatment strategies targeting the clonal hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell, aberrant signaling pathways, fibrogenic cytokines, and the tumor microenvironment. (haematologica.org)
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a common malignant tumor. (techscience.com)
Similarly both non-tumor and tumor cells of main ESCC predominantly indicated mRNA and the mRNA manifestation levels in tumors were higher than in ANGPT1 those in combined non-tumor cells in 3/6 (50%) of ESCC instances whose RNA was available (Supplementary Number S3B). (mdm-inhibitors.com)
The p63 protein, a homologue of p53, may be associated with tumor formation in the epithelial tissue, acting as an oncogene 11,12 . (bvsalud.org)
Initial exponential tumor growth is followed by a plateau phase when cell death nearly equals the rate of formation of daughter cells. (msdmanuals.com)

3] Nearly all patients with NBS are homozygous for the same founder mutation, ie, deletion of 5 bp (657del5) in the NBS1 gene, which encodes the protein nibrin. (medscape.com)
In this study, we discover a previously unknown type of SBD and identify its causal gene, TMEM53 , which encodes nuclear envelope transmembrane (NET) protein 53 (TMEM53, also known as NET4). (nature.com)
This study evaluates the effect of A. montana leaves hexane extract on several signaling cascades and gene expression in metastatic breast cancer cells upon insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) stimulation. (techscience.com)
A variety of approaches, including biochemical purification, gene isolation by homology, and genetic screens, have been successfully used for the identification of putative protein kinases and phosphatases. (rupress.org)
The individual gene generates two main variations (and mRNA and handful of mRNA (Supplementary Amount S3A) leading to the predominant appearance of TIA1a protein compared with TIA1b protein (Supplementary Number S2B). (mdm-inhibitors.com)
Expression of p63 is almost exclusively restricted to epithelial cells, mutations in this gene are infrequent, and its expression is increased in a variety of solid tumors, particularly those of the head and neck area 12,13 . (bvsalud.org)
immature cell is then subjected to negative selection to delete grouped based on their previously defined pheno- self-reactive cells before it leaves the BM to enter peripheral typic features, and a gene expression pattern for lymphoid organs, where it becomes a mature B cell [9]. (lu.se)

Inhibition of VCP either by genetic depletion or the pharmacologic inhibitor CB-5083 increased ubiquitination and degradation of p53-R273H, leading to cell death. (aacrjournals.org)
We show that TMEM53 acts as an inhibitor of BMP-SMAD signaling by preventing SMAD accumulation in the cell nucleus and that its deficiency enhances osteogenic differentiation by overactivating the BMP signaling pathway. (nature.com)
Cystatin A (Cys A), a cysteine protease inhibitor, is a precursor of proteins involves in keratinocyte keratinization, and is expressed during the late phase of differentiation of these cells. (bvsalud.org)
Treatment with the novel cyclophilin inhibitor NV651, presented a potent antiproliferative effect in HCC cell lines via cell cycle perturbations arresting cells in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)
The analysis of these results, in terms of a statistical-mechanical model that incorporates polymer flexibility as well as the excluded volume of the protein, shows that the dramatic enhancement of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor self-association can be quantitatively rationalized in terms of hard repulsive interactions. (lu.se)
Addition of inert macromolecules to a protein solution quantitatively the self-association of bovine pancreatic shifts equilibria toward the more compact state because this trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) (Gottschalk et al. (lu.se)

These bugs have a knack for pinpointing critical cell functions, she says, adding fondly that Legionella is continuing to help her explore how eukaryotic cells work. (the-scientist.com)
Due to the spatial segregation of intracellular organelles of eukaryotic cells a sophisticated system of vesicular transport is required to ensure the communication between different compartments. (scilifelab.se)

Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a small, gram negative, obligately intracellular bacterium that preferentially infects mononuclear phagocytes. (frontiersin.org)
Rather, it was produced by a tiny intracellular bacterium known as Legionella pneumophila , the pathogen behind a serious lung infection called Legionnaire's disease. (the-scientist.com)

Because age-related cellular senescence and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have been recognised as risk factors for CRC development, the recent finding that type 2 diabetic patients present an elevated circulating volume of senescent cells raises the question whether type 2 diabetes facilitates the process of CRC tumorigenesis by inducing premature cell senescence. (frontiersin.org)
Alternatively, viral proteins can be selectively targeted for degradation by harnessing one of several known cellular processes. (nih.gov)
Traditionally, B cells have been believed to be the lymphocytes responsible for antibody production via maturation into plasma cells (ie, humoral immunity), and T cells have been believed to be the lymphocytes responsible for killing other cells or organisms (ie, cellular immunity). (medscape.com)
Deficiency of the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and II cellular proteins also commonly manifests in early infancy with classic symptoms of SCID. (medscape.com)
In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie Ehrlichia host cellular reprogramming strategies that enable intracellular survival. (frontiersin.org)
Despite its small genome and limited number of effector proteins, Ehrlichia efficiently establishes an intracellular infection and avoids immune defenses in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts through complex molecular and cellular reprogramming strategies. (frontiersin.org)
Inasmuch as artificial box C/D RNAs decreased viability of transfected human cells, we propose that natural snoRNAs as well as their artificial analogues can influence the maturation of complementary pre-mRNA and can be effective regulators of vital cellular processes. (hindawi.com)
Pack LR, Daigh LH, Meyer T. Putting the brakes on the cell cycle: mechanisms of cellular growth arrest. (bdbiosciences.com)
By then it was known that Listeria infects cells such as macrophages-motile human immune cells that engulf pathogens and cellular debris-by being taken up into vacuoles and breaking out of those vacuoles into the cytoplasm. (the-scientist.com)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)

The most direct strategy is to eliminate one or more virus-associated proteins from the cell by targeting HIV RNA transcripts with small molecules. (nih.gov)
Small molecules could inhibit RNA splicing, block translation, or enable the degradation of RNA encoding selected viral proteins. (nih.gov)
Staining of intracellular molecules can sometimes require specific fixation and permeabilization conditions that are not conducive between all clones. (biolegend.com)
Flow cytometry (CMF) is a technology of multiparametric cell analysis for detection and identification of molecules and cell structures using fluorescent markers and conjugated antibodies. (csic.es)
More recently, the realization that macro- principal experimental challenge is to resolve and quantify molecules occupy 20-30% of the intracellular volume has populations of protein oligomers in dynamic equilibrium. (lu.se)

We found that transfection of artificial box C/D snoRNA analogues directed to HSPA8 pre-mRNAs into human cells induced suppression of the target mRNA expression in a time- and dose-dependent manner. (hindawi.com)
Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 redox function significantly reduced NFĸB transcriptional activity, survivin mRNA and survivin protein levels. (oncotarget.com)
Tissue specificity of alternative splicing products of mouse mRNA encoding new protein hampin homologous to the Drosophila MSL-1 protein]. (nih.gov)
T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA1) is an RNA-binding proteins involved with many regulatory areas of mRNA fat burning capacity. (mdm-inhibitors.com)
Desk 1 Association between clinicopathological features and TIA1 appearance Desk 2 Cox proportional threat regression evaluation for overall success Appearance of TIA1 in ESCC cell lines mRNA overexpression weighed against the esophagus was also discovered in 30 of 45 ESCC cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR Supplementary Amount S2A). (mdm-inhibitors.com)

Likewise TIA1 proteins overexpression was seen in most of cancers cells weighed against regular mucosa (Supplementary Amount S2B). (mdm-inhibitors.com)
Cyclophilin overexpression is a common event in fibrotic tissues playing a key role in different stages of the fibrotic process, including inflammation, hepatocyte death, and activation of the hepatic stellate cells leading to increased collagen production. (lu.se)

Mechanisms by which E. chaffeensis establishes intracellular infection, and avoids host defenses are not well understood, but involve functionally relevant host-pathogen interactions associated with tandem and ankyrin repeat effector proteins. (frontiersin.org)
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1/redox effector factor 1 (APE1/Ref-1) is a multifunctional protein that is essential in activating oncogenic transcription factors. (oncotarget.com)
2017) Elucidation of anti-autophagy mechanism of the Legionella effector RavZ using semisynthetic LC3 proteins. (scilifelab.se)

In converse, some diseases appear to primarily involve the T cells and do not appear to affect antibody production. (medscape.com)
When T-cell deficiency is especially severe or involves the T-helper cell function, the deficiency causes an antibody deficiency. (medscape.com)
Optimization of antibody staining concentration is essential to obtain good quality data in antibody-based applications such as surface and intracellular staining using TotalSeq™ antibodies. (biolegend.com)
If using cells isolated with a different procedure, users may need to verify the antibody staining pattern using alternative methods. (biolegend.com)
Total cell lysates (15 µg total protein) from A431, SH-SY5Y, MCF-7 (reduced expression control), and NIH3T3 cells were resolved by 4-12% Bis-Tris gel electrophoresis, transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane, and probed with 0.5 µg/mL (1:1000 dilution) Purified anti-EG5 Antibody, clone 10C7, overnight at 4°C. Proteins were visualized by chemiluminescence detection using HRP goat anti-mouse IgG Antibody (Cat. (biolegend.com)

Runx2, p53, and pRB status as diagnostic parameters for deregulation of osteoblast growth and differentiation in a new pre-chemotherapeutic osteosarcoma cell line (OS1). (umassmed.edu)
Another protein, calgranulin A (Cal A), is involved in the regulation of several cell processes, including the cell cycle and cell differentiation. (bvsalud.org)
Its prominent properties are A lack of cell differentiation Local invasion of adjoining tissue Metastasis, which is spread to distant sites through. (msdmanuals.com)

The combination of NV651 and cisplatin, a DNA damage reagent, resulted in a synergistic effect in cell viability, and a significant increase on cell death in HCC cell lines. (lu.se)

Over lifetime, due to the action of several stressors such as DNA damage and telomere shortening, senescent cells accumulate in the organism and release a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines responsible for low-grade inflammation. (frontiersin.org)
Depending on your experimental set up, you may find abundant intracellular targets such as cytokines. (biolegend.com)

In conclusion we observed unique histone modifications in two colon cancer cell lines with different metastatic potentials, indicating possible mechanisms for the down-regulation of NDRG1 in metastatic SW620. (nih.gov)

Semin Cell Dev Biol. (umassmed.edu)
J Cell Biol (2000) 150 (2): F57-F62. (rupress.org)

Analyses of the molecular pathophysiology using the primary cells from the Tmem53 -/- mice and the TMEM53 knock-out cell lines indicates that TMEM53 inhibits BMP signaling in osteoblast lineage cells by blocking cytoplasm-nucleus translocation of BMP2-activated Smad proteins. (nature.com)
These include changes in the plasma membrane (such as loss of membrane symmetry and loss of membrane attachment), a condensation of the cytoplasm and nucleus, protein cleavage, and internucleosomal cleavage of DNA. (bdbiosciences.com)
Fifteen of 25 colorectal cancers (60%) showed abnormal accumulation of p53 protein in the nucleus, and the remaining 10 colorectal cancers (40%) were negative for p53 immunostaining. (nih.gov)
Internally, those cells have a nucleus and mitochondria (with a separate genome) and other organelles, just like our cells. (emergingscholars.org)

In fact, several studies have shown that T2D induces senescence in multiple types of cells, including fibroblasts and endothelial cells ( 11 , 12 ). (frontiersin.org)

Autophagy is a process of intracellular catabolism. (hindawi.com)
This study investigated the mechanism of NUPR1 in TMZ resistance in hypoxia-treated glioma cells and its mechanism in modulating autophagy. (techscience.com)
We found that hypoxia upregulated NUPR1 expression and autophagy while NUPR1 silencing suppressed hypoxia-induced TMZ resistance and autophagy in glioma cells. (techscience.com)
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved self-eating process in eukaryotes, mainly involved in elimination of damaged organelles and aggregated proteins. (scilifelab.se)
Using a combination of cell biology, structural biology and chemical genetic approaches, we have elucidated fundamental mechanisms underlying autophagy. (scilifelab.se)
These semi-synthetic protein probes have been very useful in the investigation of protein functions in membrane trafficking and autophagy. (scilifelab.se)

The use of cell lines does, however, introduce a risk the immunoglobulin (Ig)-secreting plasma cell in the spleen, of obtaining cell line-specific features as a result of the trans- gut, or BM [1, 2]. (lu.se)

As a trade-off, they have had to come up with ways to bypass a cell's internal immune system, navigate the complicated, busy environment of the cell cytoplasm, and ultimately escape that environment to infect other cells-becoming tiny maestros of manipulation in the process. (the-scientist.com)

It is a common mechanism that exists in the development and aging of organisms to eliminate redundant or damaged intracellular organelles. (hindawi.com)

The immune system's lymphocyte component is divided into B cells and T cells. (medscape.com)
Symptoms in affected patients indicate the crucial involvement of MHC proteins in the immune recognition of self and nonself. (medscape.com)
These microbes all enjoy at least part of their lives shielded from the onslaught of white blood cells, antibodies, and other immune defenses that the body launches against pathogens that live outside of host cells. (the-scientist.com)
And since some of the P. falciparum proteins show high variability possibly to avoid immune responses, only a more conserved protein is used. (emergingscholars.org)
Incidentally, since single proteins don't generate as much of an immune response, the vaccine also includes an adjuvant-basically an immune system activating signal-called Matrix-M, a new product also being used in the Novavax vaccine for SARS-CoV-2. (emergingscholars.org)
Cancer cells often present neoantigens on their cell surface that can be detected as "non-self" by the immune system, resulting in an attack by the immune system. (msdmanuals.com)

Although most circulating cancer cells die, an occasional cell may penetrate into tissues, generating a metastasis at a distant site. (msdmanuals.com)

Deficiency of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and adenosine deaminase (ADA) elevates intracellular levels of deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine, respectively. (medscape.com)
1] Deoxyguanosine and deoxyadenosine are more toxic in lymphocytes than in other cell types. (medscape.com)
During the synthesis (S) phase of the cell cycle, DNA polymerases incorporate a variety of nucleosides (deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine) into the newly extending strands of DNA. (bdbiosciences.com)

This initiative introduces a new drug discovery paradigm for HIV: controlling virus replication by eliminating viral proteins. (nih.gov)
With each replication event the amount of dye in the cell is decreased, leading to a characteristic pattern. (bdbiosciences.com)
Coronaviruses are enveloped, positive-stranded RNA analysis of the consequences of virus replication in Vero viruses associated with enteric and respiratory diseases in cells. (cdc.gov)

A ubiquitous phosphoprotein that serves as an intracellular substrate for a variety of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. (bvsalud.org)

Furthermore, silibinin inhibited the migration and invasion abilities of YD10B and Ca9-22 cells by regulating the expression of proteins involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. (jcancer.org)
50%. Overall, the molecular and biologic characteristics of the strain HSR1 provide evidence that SARS-CoV forms a for Vero cells (a continuous cell line established from mon- fourth genetic coronavirus group with distinct genomic and key kidney epithelial cells), its capacity for growth at 37°C biologic features. (cdc.gov)

The effects of silibinin on the migration and invasion of oral cancer cells were evaluated using transwell assays. (jcancer.org)

This protocol has been validated solely for the detection of surface or intracellular protein expression with the corresponding TotalSeq™-B antibodies. (biolegend.com)

The following protocol describes combined surface and intracellular protein staining with TotalSeq™-B antibodies, with or without TotalSeq™-B hashtag antibodies using the Single Cell 3' v3.1 Feature Barcoding technology from 10x Genomics. (biolegend.com)
This includes TotalSeq™ antibodies targeting intracellular proteins of interest. (biolegend.com)
Enzymatic digestion may result in alterations of surface protein epitopes and impact staining with TotalSeq™ antibodies. (biolegend.com)
in the case of SARS-CoV-2, there is effectively one external protein that antibodies can target, providing a natural focus for vaccine development. (emergingscholars.org)
cells are activated by interaction with antigens and obtain T indicated that the cell lines representing a defined cell help, they mature into terminally differentiated plasma stage generally presented a high similarity in over- cells secreting large amounts of antibodies [10 -12]. (lu.se)

Artemis deficiency (with mutations in the Artemis protein resulting in defective VDJ recombination) decreases both T cells and B cells and can be considered part of a subset of SCIDs. (medscape.com)
Their life cycle includes a sexual reproductive stage while inside mosquitoes, allowing for the evolutionary leaps of recombination. (emergingscholars.org)

Colony formation assays exposed that TIA1a-expressing cells created more colonies than control and TIA1b-expressing. (mdm-inhibitors.com)

Although bone marrow fibrosis is seen in a variety of malignant and non-malignant disease states, the deposition of reticulin and collagen fibrosis in the bone marrow of patients with myelofibrosis is believed to be mediated by the myelofibrosis hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell, contributing to an impaired microenvironment favoring malignant over normal hematopoiesis. (haematologica.org)
B lymphocyte development is a highly ordered process pro- expression analysis without the use of intermediate amplifica- ceeding from the progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM) to tion steps. (lu.se)

Several pathways involved in cell cycle and DNA repair were affected upon NV651 treatment. (lu.se)

1995. Cell 83:1159. (biolegend.com)

Methods: fifteen histological specimens of spindle cell squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip were obtained from the Department of Oral Pathology, Bahia Federal University. (bvsalud.org)
Other markers, such as retinoblastoma and p53, may be related with early steps of carcinogenesis in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)

Thus, users are advised to fully validate their application if they desire to obtain high quality data that includes surface proteins, intracellular proteins, and RNA expression data. (biolegend.com)
The expression of microtubule-associated protein LC3II and SQSTM1/p62 in the colon tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. (hindawi.com)
REG4, S100P, SERPINB5 and REG1A protein expression was confirmed by immunohistochemistry (n=23). (bmj.com)
Because APE1/Ref-1 is expressed and elevated in prostate cancer, we sought to characterize APE1/Ref-1 expression and activity in human prostate cancer cell lines and determine the effect of selective reduction-oxidation (redox) function inhibition on prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo . (oncotarget.com)
Due to the role of oncogenic transcriptional activators NFĸB and STAT3 in survivin protein expression, and APE1/Ref-1 redox activity regulating their transcriptional activity, we assessed selective inhibition of APE1/Ref-1's redox function as a novel method to halt prostate cancer cell growth and survival. (oncotarget.com)
Predicted expression data was obtained from Human Protein Atlas. (biolegend.com)

In this study, exosomes released from HeLa cervical cancer cells were loaded with raloxifene to increase its bioavailability, and an aptamer was attached to the exosome membrane for targeting only HeLa cells. (techscience.com)
In spite of this similar organization, the SARS-CoV RNA cells showed the virions within cell vesicles and around the sequence is only distantly related to that of previously cell membrane. (cdc.gov)

Finally, in the G2 phase, cells continue to grow and prepare for mitosis. (bdbiosciences.com)

Western blotting revealed that silibinin downregulated SOD1 and SOD2 and triggered the JNK/c-Jun pathway in oral cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
We could confirm the increased polyploidy upon Mps1 inhibition in neuroblastoma cell lines and PDX model, leading to mitotic catastrophe activating the caspase-dependent mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. (lu.se)

Box C/D RNAs contain the following functional elements: boxes C and D, which are essential for snoRNA interaction with specific proteins, and a guide sequence that determines the nucleotide to be modified (Figure 1(a) ). (hindawi.com)
In the interaction with proteins, lead binds with virtually every available functional group, including sulfhydryl, amine, phosphate, and carboxyl groups, with sulfhydryl having the highest affinity. (cdc.gov)

A s a grad student in cell biology, Shaeri Mukherjee was always on the lookout for new ways to fiddle with cells' internal structures. (the-scientist.com)
For Mukherjee, the paper was a revelation: not only did it identify the fastest way yet to target Golgi biology, it suggested that scientists could use intracellular bacteria "as a lens to understand basic processes inside the cell. (the-scientist.com)
Research on how intracellular bacteria take control of their hosts is not only informing scientists about how these microbes cause disease, but revealing secrets of mammalian biology, says Mukherjee, who now heads up a lab at the University of California (UC), San Francisco. (the-scientist.com)

Activated cells can be prepared from in vivo -stimulated tissues or from in vitro -stimulated cultures (e.g. mitogen or LPS stimulation). (biolegend.com)
Here, we reported that mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) kinase is overexpressed in pancreatic cancer tissues and promotes pancreatic cancer cell growth and invasion. (techscience.com)

And she gained a new appreciation for the myriad other types of intracellular bacteria, a diverse group that includes many medically significant pathogens such as Salmonella , Listeria, and Chlamydia , as well as the causative agents of tuberculosis and leprosy. (the-scientist.com)
Intracellular bacteria vary considerably in how dependent they are on their hosts. (the-scientist.com)
So-called facultative intracellular bacteria such as Listeria monocytogenes and Legionella pneumophila do not need to be inside a host cell to reproduce. (the-scientist.com)
By contrast, obligate intracellular bacteria such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycobacterium leprae do, and this trait makes them a challenge to culture and study in the lab. (the-scientist.com)

SW480 and SW620 are two colon cancer cell lines established from the same patient with different metastatic potentials, making them an ideal model for investigation of metastatic mechanisms. (nih.gov)
This funding opportunity will support single-project basic research grants that develop novel therapeutics directed to intracellular HIV targets by various mechanisms including but not limited to protein degradation, targeting of viral RNA through inhibiting RNA processing (splicing, translation, etc.) as well as degradation. (nih.gov)
These mechanisms include the ability of lead to inhibit or mimic the action of calcium and to interact with proteins. (cdc.gov)

The objective of this initiative is to support the development of novel therapeutics directed to intracellular HIV targets. (nih.gov)
These strategies may overcome the limitations of small molecule inhibitors of HIV enzymes by expanding the number of potential targets within an infected cell. (nih.gov)
To simplify, this new vaccine targets a single protein in a single species. (emergingscholars.org)

Role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad53 checkpoint kinase in signaling double-strand breaks during the meiotic cell cycle / H. Cartagena-Lirola, I. Guerini, N. Manfrini, G. Lucchini, M.P. Longhese. (unimi.it)

Obligate intracellular pathogens will often have reduced genomes compared to the facultative variety, a genetic tendency that is reflective of their more limited lifestyle. (the-scientist.com)

Our work has been focused on preparation of post-translationally modified proteins (ChemBioChem 2011, 2013, 2020, Bioorg Med Chem 2017). (scilifelab.se)
2020. Cell Death Dis. (biolegend.com)

We have isolated a SARS-associ- the complete genome of SARS-CoV has shown an RNA ated CoV (SARS-CoV) strain by injecting Vero cells with a molecule of about 29,750 bases in length, with a genome sputum specimen from an Italian patient affected by a organization similar to that of other coronaviruses (9-11). (cdc.gov)

The aim of this study was to investigate the role and specific mechanism of the actin-interacting protein zyxin (ZYX) in HCC. (techscience.com)
However, the detailed mechanism of Fra-1 in GC is unclear, such as the identification of Fra-1-interacting proteins and their role in GC pathogenesis. (techscience.com)

Scientists studying pathogens such as Chlamydia , Legionella , and Listeria get a master class in how to control the internal workings of mammalian cells. (the-scientist.com)

In the final stages of the process, dying cells become fragmented into apoptotic bodies and consequently are eliminated by phagocytic cells without significant inflammatory damage to surrounding cells. (bdbiosciences.com)

During the first stage called G1, cells monitor their environment and, when the requisite signals are received, the cells synthesize RNA and proteins to induce growth. (bdbiosciences.com)

F-box protein specificity for g1 cyclins is dictated by subcellular localization. (umassmed.edu)

A large family of regulatory proteins that function as accessory subunits to a variety of CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES. (umassmed.edu)

Flow sorting is an extension of this technology, by which any cell or object measured can be separated selectively from the suspension based on properties measured in the flow stream. (csic.es)

Labeling proteins with synthetic probes, such as fluorophores, affinity tags, and other functional labels is enormously useful for characterizing protein function in vitro, in live cells, or in whole organisms. (scilifelab.se)

Here, we discover a previously unknown type of SBD in four independent families caused by bi-allelic loss-of-function pathogenic variants in TMEM53 , which encodes a nuclear envelope transmembrane protein. (nature.com)
Nuclear transport of protein TTC4 depends on the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
Studies identi fi ed a novel signal of nuclear localization (NLS) in all MSL1 protein isoforms and found that the combination of both NLS allows for its intra-nuclear focal accumulation and nuclear transport of TTC4 while all MSL1 isoforms affect H4K16Ac. (nih.gov)

Consistently, ablation of VCP markedly retarded growth of cultured PDAC cells and xenograft PDAC tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
Small tumors have a greater percentage of actively dividing cells than do large tumors. (msdmanuals.com)

Because a major loss or dysfunction of T cells can cause secondary B-cell deficiency, numerous disorders have clinical manifestations of combined B-cell and T-cell deficiency, although the only pathology is in the T cell. (medscape.com)

Malaria parasites infect blood cells, which get ingested by mosquitoes. (emergingscholars.org)

The cell cycle has two major phases: interphase, the phase between mitotic events, and the mitotic phase, where the mother cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Targeting the cell cycle has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in cancer treatment with special interest in the mitotic phase. (lu.se)

Intrigued by this powerful little microbe, Mukherjee applied for a postdoc in Roy's lab, where she would study in detail how Legionella attacks human cells from the inside. (the-scientist.com)

Anatomy29

Organisms15

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs110

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment26

Phenomena and Processes71

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science3

Health Care1

Peptides1

Phosphorylation11

Proliferation23

Apoptosis17

Genes6

Progression4

Tumor5

Gene7

Inhibitor6

Eukaryotic cells2

Bacterium2

Cellular10

Molecules5

MRNA5

Overexpression2

Effector3

Antibody5

Differentiation3

Viability1

Cytokines2

Histone1

Biol2

Nucleus4

Induces1

Autophagy6

Immunoglobulin1

Cytoplasm1

Organelles1

Immune6

Metastasis1

Deoxyguanosine3

Replication3

Signal transduc1

Epithelial2

Migration1

Detection1

Antibodies5

Recombination2

Assays1

Progenitor2

Pathways1

19951

Squamous cell carc2

Expression6

Membrane2

Mitosis1

Pathway2

Interaction2

Biology3

Tissues2

Bacteria4

Mechanisms3

Targets3

Kinase1

Genetic1

20202

Genome1

Mechanism2

Mammalian cells1

Apoptotic1

Induce1

Subcellular1

Regulatory1

Selectively1

Organisms1

Nuclear3

Tumors2

Pathology1

Infect1

Mitotic phase2

Legionella1