• Background: Rab proteins are GTPases responsible for intracellular vesicular trafficking regulation. (researchsquare.com)
  • Most Rab GTPases contain a lipid modification site at the C-terminus, with sequence motifs CC, CXC, or CCX. (umbc.edu)
  • RAB14 belongs to the large RAB family of low molecular mass GTPases that are involved in intracellular membrane trafficking. (novusbio.com)
  • Rab GTPases, key regulators of vesicular transport, hydrolyze GTP very slowly unless assisted by Rab GTPase-activating proteins (RabGAPs). (cipsm.de)
  • AtRAB-H1b and AtRAB-H1c GTPases, homologues of the yeast Ypt6, target reporter proteins to the Golgi when expressed in Nicotiana tabacum and Arabidopsis thaliana. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Ypt/Rab GTPases act as key regulators of intracellular traffic through the conformational differences exhibited by their GTP or GDP-bound forms. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Previous studies reported that several members of Rab GTPase family are involved in the development of glioma, and abnormal expression of Rab small GTPases is known to cause aberrant tumor cell behavior. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several molecular regulators of cancer development have been identified recently, including Rab small GTPases (Rabs). (biomedcentral.com)
  • BACKGROUND Rab GTPases are key regulators of membrane trafficking. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • We focus on the Rab GTPases that are master regulators of membrane trafficking. (stanford.edu)
  • Activating mutations in the Leucine Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2) cause Parkinson's disease and previously we showed that activated LRRK2 phosphorylates a subset of Rab GTPases (Steger et al. (stanford.edu)
  • Small G-proteins, monomeric GTPases, or the RAS (Rat sarcoma) superfamily are a large family of small guanine nucleotide-binding proteins with molecular weights ranging from 20 to 30 kDa [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Small GTPases function as binary molecular switches, transmitting extracellular signals to an intracellular environment [ 4 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Rab small GTPases are the master regulators of intracellular trafficking in eukaryotes. (anl.gov)
  • We provide evidence that KRas translocation occurs through sequestration of the polybasic-prenyl motif by Ca 2+ /calmodulin (Ca 2+ /CaM) and subsequent release of KRas from the PM, in a process reminiscent of GDP dissociation inhibitor-mediated membrane recycling of Rab and Rho GTPases. (rupress.org)
  • The class 1A phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) beta (PI3Kβ) is functionally unique in the ability to integrate signals derived from receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding protein (G-protein)-coupled receptors (GPCRs), and Rho-family GTPases. (elifesciences.org)
  • Rab proteins are small GTPases that are involved in vesicular trafficking. (modellab.cn)
  • Although Rab11a subcellular localization has been demonstrated by transgenic zebrafish [10], and molecular function of Rab11 proteins in primary cilia membrane assembly in Kupffer Vesicle has been studied [6], the developmental expression profile of Rab11 proteins in zebrafish remains elusive. (researchsquare.com)
  • Lipid binding is essential for membrane attachment, a key feature of most Rab proteins. (umbc.edu)
  • A genetically related subfamily of RAB GTP-BINDING PROTEINS involved in transport from the cell membrane to early endosomes. (wakehealth.edu)
  • A barrier at the base of the cilium separates the organelle from the cell body necessitating active transport of both soluble and membrane associated protein cargoes via IFT. (au.dk)
  • Cargoes include both protein factors that are part of the ciliary backbone (known as the axoneme) as well as certain signaling factors such as G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that function in the ciliary membrane to transfer extracellular information to the interior of the cell. (au.dk)
  • These proteins function as regulators of membrane trafficking. (nih.gov)
  • Rabs interact with a lot of effector and affector proteins involved in membrane fusion and directed transport of organelles along cytoskeletal frameworks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rab effector proteins are functionally diverse, which allows Rabs to co-ordinate multiple aspects of membrane trafficking, including transport vesicle formation, motility, docking and fusion. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • 2 Despite their function in membrane trafficking, Rab may also be involved in signal transduction by regulating the membrane trafficking of cell surface receptors for hormone, cytokine, and chemokine. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • [1] The membrane enclosing the vesicle is also a lamellar phase , similar to that of the plasma membrane , and intracellular vesicles can fuse with the plasma membrane to release their contents outside the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Membrane-bound and secreted proteins are made on ribosomes found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum . (wikipedia.org)
  • Rab proteins are involved in 2 interconnected cycles, the GTP/GDP cycle and the membrane attachment/detachment cycle. (mpg.de)
  • Rab proteins constitute the largest family of Ras-related small G proteins and play a role in regulating the specificity of membrane trafficking (63, 78). (pancreapedia.org)
  • These data highlight the importance of membrane protein recycling during development. (sdbonline.org)
  • Such a membrane-anchoring strategy has been adopted by a wide range of signaling proteins ( Fivaz and Meyer, 2003 ) with significant variations in the structure of these motifs (see Table S1). (rupress.org)
  • Previous experiments have not been able to elucidate whether interactions with membrane-tethered proteins primarily control PI3Kβ localization versus directly modulate lipid kinase activity. (elifesciences.org)
  • In the presence of either pY/GβGγ or pY/Rac1(GTP), PI3Kβ activity is dramatically enhanced beyond what can be explained by the increase in membrane avidity for these complexes. (elifesciences.org)
  • To decipher how amplification of PI(3,4,5)P 3 arises from the relay of signals between cell surface receptors, lipids, and peripheral membrane proteins, we must understand how membrane localization and activity of PI3Ks is regulated by different signaling inputs. (elifesciences.org)
  • It also stimulated recruitment of intracellular sst1-HSV to the plasma membrane. (reading.ac.uk)
  • Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A small family of rab GTP-binding proteins that play a key role in membrane trafficking in the late endocytic and autophagic pathways. (bvsalud.org)
  • For membrane proteins, a third mechanism, based on the interaction of their transmembrane domain (TMD) with lipid microdomains, must also be considered. (biologists.com)
  • In this Commentary, I review evidence in favor of the idea that partitioning of TMDs into bilayer domains that are endowed with distinct physico-chemical properties plays a pivotal role in the transport of membrane proteins within the early secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
  • The combination of such self-organizational phenomena with canonical intermolecular interactions is most likely to control the release of membrane proteins from the ER into the secretory pathway. (biologists.com)
  • This process depends on the general physico-chemical features of the cargo membrane protein and on the interactions of these features with the collective properties of the bilayer, instead of the one-to-one intermolecular interactions that exist between discrete signals and their receptors. (biologists.com)
  • Rab11 proteins, members of the Rab GTPase family, are known to regulate vesicular recycling during embryonic development. (researchsquare.com)
  • The zebrafish Rab11a, Rab11ba and Rab11bb proteins are highly conserved during evolution, especially the GTPase domain, suggesting their important functions. (researchsquare.com)
  • Rab GTPase family 26 (Rab26). (umbc.edu)
  • GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) interact with GTP-bound Rab and accelerate the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP. (umbc.edu)
  • A GTPase-activating protein controls Rab5 function in endocytic trafficking. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we characterized the roles of Rab21 (Rab GTPase 21), a member of Rab GTPase family, in glioma cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The HOPS complex forms a bridge between lysosome and autophagosome with the assistance of small GTPase Rab (Ras-associated binding) proteins. (mtak.hu)
  • Structural and functional analysis of FIP2 binding to the endosome-localised Rab25 GTPase. (anl.gov)
  • At the Drosophila neuromuscular junction (NMJ), the small GTPase Rab3 controls the distribution of CAZ proteins across release sites, thereby regulating the efficacy of individual AZs. (eneuro.org)
  • Similar to other small G proteins, the guanine binding state of Rab3 proteins is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange proteins or factors (GEPs or GEFs) and GTPase activating proteins (GAPs). (pancreapedia.org)
  • The GTPase Rab11 regulates endosomal protein trafficking and previous work has shown that loss of Rab11 caused intestinal inflammation and hyperplasia in mice and flies. (sdbonline.org)
  • Ras is a small GTPase that operates as a binary molecular switch between a GDP-bound inactive and GTP-bound active state. (rupress.org)
  • The subunit is similar to α subunit that is seen in heterotrimeric G proteins ⟶ has GTPase activity. (nonstopneuron.com)
  • These proteins act as molecular switches that flip between an inactive GDP-bound state and an active GTP-bound state in which they recruit downstream effector proteins onto membranes (Junutula et al. (novusbio.com)
  • They are recruited from the cytosol onto cell membranes in the inactive form, are activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors and then bind a large number of Rab effector proteins. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • They mediate spatial and temporal recruitment of effector proteins to distinct cellular compartments through GTP-induced changes in their conformation. (anl.gov)
  • RAB11 was first found from cultured MDCK cell cDNA library screening for homologous genes of yeast YPT1/SEC4[3], and later identified as the 11th member of the Rab family[4]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Rab38 is a newly discovered member of the Rab family. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This gene encodes a member of the Rab family of proteins. (modellab.cn)
  • Here, we show that Rab25 associates with FIP2 and can recruit this effector protein to endosomal membranes. (anl.gov)
  • There is no known specific Rab3 GDI, but rather a common family of Rab GDI isoforms which bind prenylated Rabs in the cytoplasm and participates in insertion and removal from membranes (75). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Critical for cellular organization, phosphatidylinositol phosphate (PIP) lipids regulate the localization and activity of numerous proteins across intracellular membranes in eukaryotic cells ( Di Paolo and De Camilli 2006 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • On extracellular side: Bind with a ligand. (nonstopneuron.com)
  • Lysosomes were previously believed to be the sites of the degradation of intracellular and extracellular substances. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In vulnerable brain regions, such as the hippocampus and cortex, there is an accumulation of extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Extracellular neuritic plaques are deposits of differently sized small peptides called β-amyloid (Aβ) that are derived via sequential proteolytic cleavages of the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The Aβ domain is unique to the APP protein, though the family shares several other conserved domains such as the E1 and E2 domains in the extracellular sequence. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) interact with GDP-bound Rabs to promote the formation of the GTP-bound state. (umbc.edu)
  • Rabs are further regulated by guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), which facilitate Rab recycling by masking C-terminal lipid binding and promoting cytosolic localization. (umbc.edu)
  • Rabs cycle between an inactive GDP-bound and an active GTP-bound state. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • Following inactivation by GTP hydrolysis, Rabs release their effectors and become available for the next round of activation and effector binding. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • Many Rabs have been specifically linked to particular transport pathways and are therefore useful landmarks to map out the intracellular trafficking network. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • This subfamily of Rabs represents the closest mammalian relatives of the Sec4p, one of the first described Rab proteins, which mediates polarized transport from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to the site of bud formation in yeast. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • The structure of the Rabs changes upon binding GTP and mutant Rab3 species have been described similar to Ras that are locked into active and inactive configurations (6). (pancreapedia.org)
  • The Sec4/Rab-related small GTP-binding proteins are involved in the regulation of intracellular vesicular transport. (wikipedia.org)
  • One of the main interests in the department is a system that has been evaluated at the molecular level with the range of molecular biological, biochemical, biophysical and chemical techniques available concerns the role of the Rab family of small guanosine nucleotide binding proteins in the regulation of intracellular vesicular transport. (mpg.de)
  • Guanine nucleotide exchange factor MSS4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RABIF gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • A rat gene, mss4, that encodes a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Sec4 was recently cloned by its ability to rescue defects in protein transport of a yeast temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant, sec4-8. (elsevierpure.com)
  • As the Drosophila homologue of mammalian DENN/MADD and Caenorhabditis elegans AEX-3, Rab3-GEF is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rab3 that stimulates GDP to GTP exchange. (eneuro.org)
  • These include four regions participating in guanine nucleotide binding, and effector region corresponding to the effector region in Ras, and a CXC prenylation motif at the C-terminal (45). (pancreapedia.org)
  • Somatostatin-14 induced internalization of cell surface receptors and reduction of binding sites on the cell surface. (reading.ac.uk)
  • In the trans-Golgi network (TGN), phosphorylated lysosomal enzymes bind to M-6-P receptors, which direct the enzymes into clathrin-coated vesicles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A protein involved in transport between the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM and the GOLGI APPARATUS. (umassmed.edu)
  • This family member can be activated by the GAP protein RN-Tre, and it is localized to the Golgi complex. (nih.gov)
  • Using a live cell imaging approach, it is shown that yellow fluorescent protein-fusions (YFP) of AtRAB-H1(b) and AtRAB-H1(c) locate to the Golgi and to the cytosol in both Nicotiana tabacum and in Arabidopsis thaliana. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 2017). Moreover, Golgi-associated Rab29 can recruit LRRK2 to the surface of the Golgi and activate it there for both auto- and Rab substrate phosphorylation. (stanford.edu)
  • Transport vesicles can move molecules between locations inside the cell, e.g., proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus . (wikipedia.org)
  • Most of these proteins mature in the Golgi apparatus before going to their final destination which may be to lysosomes , peroxisomes , or outside of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mitotic reorganization of the Golgi is accompanied by a temporary block in Golgi functioning, as protein transport in and out of the Golgi stops. (biologists.com)
  • Loss of Pcs impairs Rab11 localization on the trans-side of Golgi units and induces the cytoplasmic accumulation of post-Golgi vesicles bearing rhabdomere proteins, as observed in Rab11-deficiency. (sdbonline.org)
  • Secretory proteins exit the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in coat protein complex II (COPII)-coated vesicles and then progress through the Golgi complex before delivery to their final destination. (biologists.com)
  • Rab/Ypt proteins are small GTP-binding proteins of the Ras superfamily and are key players in intracellular vesicular trafficking regulation [1, 2]. (researchsquare.com)
  • This gene encodes a small GTP-binding protein that belongs to the largest family within the Ras superfamily. (nih.gov)
  • The α subunits of protein prenyltransferases consist of tetratricopeptide repeats and are part of the tetratricopeptide repeat superfamily [ 5 ], which also includes functionally diverse proteins involved in transcription, co-chaperoning, protein transport, cell-cycle control and phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among various Rab proteins, Rab11 is known to localize to recycling endosome and regulate vesicular recycling and primary ciliogenesis, playing a key role in Kupffer vesicle development in zebrafish [5-7]. (researchsquare.com)
  • Rab10 expression can up-regulate LPS-induced production of TNF-α, IL-6, and IFN-β, as well as potentiate LPS-induced activation of multiple intracellular signaling pathways, including MAPK, NF-κB, and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) signaling pathways. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • Proteins that regulate vesicle exocytosis cluster at AZs, composing the cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ). (eneuro.org)
  • Our results suggest that although Rab3-GEF acts upstream of Rab3 to control Rab3 localization and likely GTP-binding, it also acts downstream to regulate CAZ development, potentially as a Rab3 effector at the synapse. (eneuro.org)
  • Although it did not regulate Rab 2, Rab 5, Rab 10 or Rab 11, a recent study indicates it can act on Rab 27A and 27B (23). (pancreapedia.org)
  • To address this gap in our understanding of PI3Kβ regulation, we established an assay to directly visualize and decipher how three binding interactions regulate PI3Kβ when presented to the kinase in a biologically relevant configuration on supported lipid bilayers. (elifesciences.org)
  • Rab40c is a SOCS box-containing protein which binds Cullin5 to form a ubiquitin E3 ligase complex (Rab40c/CRL5) to regulate protein ubiquitylation. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • The combination of growth factors and RTKs can activate the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and negatively regulate TSC1/2, promoting Rheb to become GTP loaded, which can activate mTORC1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our research group studies proteins and protein complexes responsible for such intracellular transport that organizes the inner life of eukaryotic cells. (au.dk)
  • Macroautophagy is a lysosomal-dependent degradational pathway of eukaryotic cells, during which toxic, unnecessary, and damaged intracellular components are broken down. (mtak.hu)
  • They cycle between inactive GDP-bound and activated GTP-bound states, which is controlled by GTP hydrolysis-activating proteins (GAPs). (nih.gov)
  • Rab21 is a member of the Rab subfamily, which has been identified as required for tumor-associated fibroblasts to promote the invasion of squamous carcinoma cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we characterize the roles of a novel member of Rab subfamily, Rab21 in glioma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Rab10, first isolated from a clone of Madin-Darby Canine kidney (MDCK) cells belongs to a subfamily of Rab proteins that includes Rab8 and Rab13. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • Small heat shock proteins (sHsps) are molecular chaperones that prevent the aggregation of nonnative proteins. (cipsm.de)
  • IFT protein assemblies serve as large adaptors that mediate the recognition of molecular motors and ciliary cargoes required to assemble and maintain functional cilia. (au.dk)
  • Given that the complete IFT complex has a molecular mass in the MDa range and is composed of up to 30 different protein subunits, the tasks of reconstitution and structure determination represent significant challenges. (au.dk)
  • The long term goal of our research is to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which proteins are targeted to specific and distinct compartments. (stanford.edu)
  • Despite numerous structural studies, the molecular basis for Rab/effector specificity and subsequent biological activity remains poorly understood. (anl.gov)
  • Our studies reveal that Rab3 and Rab3-GEF act within the same molecular mechanism and support a model wherein Rab3-GEF serves as a Rab3 effector to control active zone protein composition. (eneuro.org)
  • The present study unravels a new molecular system for vesicle-based axonal transport of proteins in male and female flies (Drosophila melanogaster). (sdbonline.org)
  • We find that auto-inhibited PI3Kβ must first cooperatively engage a single RTK-derived tyrosine phosphorylated (pY) peptide before it can engage either GβGγ or Rac1(GTP). (elifesciences.org)
  • Instead, PI3Kβ is synergistically activated by pY/GβGγ and pY/Rac1(GTP) through a mechanism of allosteric regulation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Rab26 belongs to the Rab functional group III, which are considered key regulators of intracellular vesicle transport during exocytosis. (umbc.edu)
  • The vesicle-inducing protein in plastids 1 (Vipp1) is an essential component for thylakoid biogenesis in cyanobacteria and chloroplasts. (cipsm.de)
  • The coat on the budding vesicle comprises two layers, an inner layer of adaptor proteins (gray ovals) and an outer layer that forms a polyhedral cage. (biologists.com)
  • Mss4 stimulates GTP-GDP exchange in Sec4 and Rab and binds to a subset of genetically related Rab proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of its localization and homology to the yeast protein Sec4, it was believed to play a role in the terminal steps of secretion. (pancreapedia.org)
  • Autophagic activity declines with age, and this change could contribute to the accumulation of intracellular damage at advanced ages, causing cells to lose their functionality and vitality. (mtak.hu)
  • These proteins aggregate at presynaptic active zones (AZs) to form the cytomatrix at the active zone (CAZ), which controls the recruitment, docking, and priming of synaptic vesicles and enhances calcium channel accumulation ( Gundelfinger and Fejtova, 2012 ). (eneuro.org)
  • Prolonged stimulation of the cells with the peptide agonist induced intracellular accumulation of somatostatin-14. (reading.ac.uk)
  • heme and calcium targets are leading with example unique to particles for distinctive PTEN, higher metabolism, specific mechanism, T dislocations, more protein or hydrogen. (erik-mill.de)
  • Emerging evidence suggests that lysosomes may also be the cellular center for intracellular transport (Fig. 1 ), signaling (Fig. 2 ), and metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study characterizes an inhibitor of endomembrane protein trafficking, TE1 (trafficking and endocytosis inhibitor 1/TENin1) that reduces gravitropic root bending in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. (portlandpress.com)
  • download of been proteins appears the architectural subunit of including acids within enzymes and represents the inhibitor gene conjugation SSA to intracellular families that initiate dramatically synaptic from those short at the thyroid beta. (erik-mill.de)
  • As an example of the recognition of a cargo destined for the axoneme by the IFT system, we determined the structure of the N-terminal domain of the protein IFT81, which demonstrated a well-conserved tubulin-binding domain that is required for the transport of ab-tubulin hetero-dimers to the tip of the cilium by IFT (Bhogaraju et al. (au.dk)
  • We also study the NPC1 protein that is essential for cholesterol transport in humans and can lead to Niemann Pick C disease when mutated. (stanford.edu)
  • These proteins travel within the cell inside of transport vesicles. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, loss of the specific subunits of TRAPPII, another known Rab11-GEF, does not cause any defects on the eye development nor the transport of rhabdomere proteins, however, simultaneous loss of TRAPPII and Pcs shows severe defects on eye development. (sdbonline.org)
  • Lysosomes play a crucial role in intracellular transport. (biomedcentral.com)
  • CCT, chaperonin containing TCP-1), uses a built-in lid to mediate protein folding in an enclosed central cavity. (cipsm.de)
  • other download history and gis epistemologies considerations and proteins have normally subsequent and mediate to explore to endocytosis and repair through tyrosine of the ERK and AKT being cells( increased in Parker et al, 2014). (erik-mill.de)
  • APP is proteolyzed into various fragments (see Figure 1 ) during its intracellular trafficking and these APP metabolites mediate various and sometimes adverse functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In our lab, we use techniques of protein co-expression in bacteria, insect cells and mammalian cells to produce large multi-subunit IFT complexes for structural and biochemical studies. (au.dk)
  • Gene structures and chromosomal locations of human protein prenyltransferase subunit genes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Members of the Alb3/Oxa1/YidC protein family function as insertases in chloroplasts, mitochondria, and bacteria. (cipsm.de)
  • Evolution of the Rab family of small GTP-binding proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Detects endogenous Rab10 proteins without cross-reactivity with other family members. (sputnic-group.ru)
  • Our results indicate that loss of Rab3-GEF results in the development of NMJs that are structurally and functionally indistinguishable from NMJs that lack the protein Rab3. (eneuro.org)
  • Thus, Rab proteins are essential for autolysosome maturation, and among Rab proteins, Rab2 is required for the degradation of autophagic cargo. (mtak.hu)
  • Cell-fate-determinant molecule NUMB-interacting protein (TBC1D15) is overexpressed and contributes to p53 degradation in TICs. (nature.com)
  • Mechanistically, we found that Rab40c binds the protein phosphatase 6 (PP6) complex and ubiquitylates one of its subunits, ankyrin repeat domain 28 (ANKRD28), thus leading to its lysosomal degradation. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Because the number of cell surface binding sites did not change during prolonged stimulation, somatostatin-14 was internalized through a dynamic process of continuous endocytosis, recycling, and recruitment of intracellularly present sst1-HSV. (reading.ac.uk)
  • Due to independent gene duplications, all organisms possess two isoforms, Oxa1 and Oxa2 except gram-negative bacteria, which encode only for one YidC-like protein. (cipsm.de)
  • After the pathogenic bacterium Legionella pneumophila is phagocytosed, it injects more than 250 different proteins into the cytoplasm of host cells to evade lysosomal digestion and to replicate inside the host cell. (cipsm.de)
  • This domain occurred 99 times on human genes ( 176 proteins). (umbc.edu)
  • The genes encoding CaaX protein prenyltransferases are considerably longer than those encoding non-CaaX subunits, as a result of longer introns. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The genomic organization of the human genes that encode protein prenyltransferases is shown in Figure 1 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • (b) genes encoding non-CaaX protein prenyltransferases are much shorter. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Automatic comparisons of data from expressed sequence tags (ESTs) with genes (for example using the program Acembly, for which the results are available from the NCBI AceView server [ 2 ]) shows that all the human protein prenyltransferase genes have multiple alternative splice variants. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The chromosomal locations and number of exons from protein prenyltransferase genes in the major eukaryotic model organisms are shown in Table 2 . (biomedcentral.com)
  • rab2 GTP-Binding Protein" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "rab2 GTP-Binding Protein" by people in this website by year, and whether "rab2 GTP-Binding Protein" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Below are the most recent publications written about "rab2 GTP-Binding Protein" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)
  • Our results revealed that GTP-locked (constitutively active) Rab2 (Rab2 CA) expression reduces the levels of the autophagic substrate p62/Ref2P in dopaminergic neurons, and improved the climbing ability of animals during aging. (mtak.hu)
  • Soluble and functional Mss4 protein was obtained by expressing the gene as a glutathione-S-transferase fusion protein in Escherichia coli. (elsevierpure.com)
  • It is hypothesized that PCAIs work as anticancer agents by disrupting polyisoprenylation-dependent functional interactions of the G-Proteins. (oncotarget.com)
  • This fusion is regulated by HOPS (homotypic fusion and protein sorting) and SNARE (Snap receptor) complexes. (mtak.hu)
  • Confocal microscopic analysis revealed colocalization of intracellularly localized rat sst1-human simplex virus (HSV) with Rab5a-green fluorescent protein and Rab11a-green fluorescent protein, indicating the distribution of the receptor in endocytotic and recycling organelles. (reading.ac.uk)
  • At synapses, neurotransmitter exocytosis is regulated by a complex of release machinery proteins. (eneuro.org)
  • However, the exact functions of Rab40c remain to be determined, and what proteins are the targets of Rab40c-Cullin5-mediated ubiquitylation in mammalian cells are unknown. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • It is also shown that the subcellular location of YFP-AtRAB-H1(b) and YFP-AtRAB-H1(c) is affected by the state of GTP-binding and that expression of a GTP-deficient mutant results in increased apoplastic fluorescence of a secretory form of YFP. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Finding effective therapies against cancers driven by mutant and/or overexpressed hyperactive G-proteins remains an area of active research. (oncotarget.com)
  • A transgenically expressed GTP-locked variant of Rab3 accumulates at the NMJ at wild-type levels and fully rescues the rab3 mutant but is unable to rescue the rab3-GEF mutant. (eneuro.org)
  • Subsequent biochemical analysis revealed that Mss4 binds 1 equiv of Zn 2+ , and zinc is essential for the stability of the protein. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The p53 interacting partner protein NUMB (homology of numb protein) preserves this intrinsic cellular asymmetry by preventing ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis of p53 catalyzed by the MDM2 E3 ubiquitin ligase 11 . (nature.com)
  • KRas translocation was accompanied by partial intracellular redistribution of its activity. (rupress.org)
  • Chloroplast-located proteins which are encoded by the nuclear genome have to be imported from the cytosol into the organelle in a post-translational manner. (cipsm.de)
  • Protein prenylation is the posttranslational attachment of either a farnesyl group or a geranylgeranyl group via a thioether linkage (-C-S-C-) to a cysteine at or near the carboxyl terminus of the protein. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Three different protein prenyltransferases (farnesyltransferase and geranylgeranyltransferases I and II) catalyze the attachment of prenyl lipid anchors 15 or 20 carbons long to the carboxyl termini of a variety of eukaryotic proteins. (biomedcentral.com)