• Extracellularly, RHAMM associates with CD44, and upon binding to hyaluronan, activates intracellular signaling pathways, mainly the MAPK pathway via ERK1,2 activation Variants of RHAMM caused by alternative splicing have been observed, and alternative start codon usage has been proposed in mice and directly observed in humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mechanistically, RHAMM has been shown to promote cell motility through a number of different pathways. (wikipedia.org)
  • These data, coupled with previous observations on the absence of heterologous desensitization between PAF and sIgM receptors, may delineate distinct signaling pathways in human B cells. (jci.org)
  • Thus, our discovery of the role of functional interaction between intracellular signaling pathways mediated by calcium ions (Ca 2+) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Ca 2+ /cAMP signaling interaction) in these cellular responses, opened a great avenue for the development of new antitumor therapeutic strategies. (researchgate.net)
  • Taken together, these results indicated that NF-$\kappa$8 activation, homoaggregation, and the induction of CD25 and CD54 on YT cells could be mediated independently through individual TNFRs via separate signaling pathways. (jefferson.edu)
  • In particular, we will discuss the modifications in intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways caused by proteins encoded by HPV early genes. (mdpi.com)
  • Therefore, SLE is currently believed to be a T cell-driven condition and, indeed, targeting molecules expressed on T cells and their signalling pathways can be one of the potential therapeutic strategies in SLE. (hindawi.com)
  • Stimulation of TCRs upon antigen binding triggers downstream signalling pathways which enables various physiological functions of the T cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Nevertheless, the regulatory mechanisms of synergism or antagonism among intracellular signaling pathways remain elusive. (cdc.gov)
  • Their expression in tumour cells is modulated by a complex interplay of genomic, transcriptomic and post translational factors involving multiple intracellular antigen processing pathways. (portlandpress.com)
  • A feature of this type of medicine is that unlike other immunosuppressive medicines, e.g. methotrexate, specific cell signalling pathways involved in the disease are targeted. (bpac.org.nz)
  • VASP may also be involved in the intracellular signaling pathways that regulate integrin-extracellular matrix interactions. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Hyaluronan-mediated motility receptor (HMMR), also known as RHAMM (Receptor for Hyaluronan Mediated Motility) is a protein which in humans is encoded by the HMMR gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This was studied in SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells, which possess a muscarinic receptor-regulated PLCβ 1 -signaling pathway. (jneurosci.org)
  • These observations presented a spatial and temporal resolution of the sequence of events underlying receptor-evoked involvement of tubulin in G-protein-mediated signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • CD195, also known as CCR5, is a 45 kD G protein-coupled seven transmembrane CC-chemokine receptor. (biolegend.com)
  • One major discovery was that members of the chemokine receptor family serve as cofactors for HIV entry into cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Electroporation of primary T cells with Alt-R RNP complex targeted to alpha chain of the T-cell receptor routinely results in over 80% knockout of surface TCR complex, without detectable toxicity ( Figure ). (genengnews.com)
  • When a neurotransmitter binds to a receptor, an extracellular signal is transduced into an intracellular one, causing a functional change inside target neurons. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • Slower G-protein-linked receptor systems, as seen in the dopaminergic system, work through second-messenger systems, such as cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and have a longer duration of action. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • A gain of function screen for genes that enable proliferation independently of matrix anchorage identified a cell adhesion molecule PVRL4 (poliovirus-receptor-like 4), also known as Nectin-4. (elifesciences.org)
  • They found that the gene that codes for a protein called poliovirus receptor-like 4 (PVRL4) allows attachment-free cell growth and also makes cells cluster together once detached from the matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • The functional roles of the two TNFRs in mediating NF-$\kappa$B activation, and inducing IL-2R$\alpha$ chain (CD25) and ICAM-1 (CD54) expression, were examined using receptor-specific antisera and TNF mutants, Northern blot analysis, gel shift assay and flow cytometry on human NK-like YT cells. (jefferson.edu)
  • Here, potential mechanisms involving alterations in T-cell receptor expressions, postreceptor downstream signalling, epigenetics, and oxidative stress which favour activation of lupus T cells will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
  • Biological processes such as transmembrane signaling and receptor mediated endocytosis revolve around the function of cell surface receptors. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The phox homology (PX) domain-dependent, 3-phosphoinositide-mediated association of sorting nexin-1 with an early sorting endosomal compartment is required for its ability to regulate epidermal growth factor receptor degradation. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Previous reports showed that store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) via the calcium sensor, stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1), regulates mast cell response induced by the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI). (figshare.com)
  • SARS-CoV-2 gains entry to the target host cell by binding its receptor binding domain (RBD) within the viral spike protein S1 subunit to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. (news-medical.net)
  • protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor. (wikigenes.org)
  • Qin R , Zhu H , Wang F , Song M , Lin P , Xing Y , Zhang W , Zhong M , Wang Z , . Platelet activation in diabetic mice models: the role of vascular endothelial cell-derived protein disulfide isomerase-mediated GP IIb/IIIa receptor activation. (aging-us.com)
  • The protein intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM-3) functions as a receptor for LFA-1 (leukocyte function-associated antigen-1) and mediates adhesive interactions of leukocyte cell surface adhesion molecules in inflammatory and immune response. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • DEC-205 (CD205), a member of the macrophage mannose receptor protein family, is the prototypic endocytic receptor of dendritic cells, whose ligands include phosphorothioated cytosine-guanosine (CpG) oligonucleotides, a motif often seen in bacterial or viral DNA. (uci.edu)
  • Here we describe the 3.2 Å cryo-EM structure of human DEC-205, thereby illuminating the structure of the mannose receptor protein family. (uci.edu)
  • Liver fibrosis is a chronic progressive disease, its resolution still unclear, and the current study explored the role of melatonin in modulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-4 (IL-4), transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-ß1) and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-associated protein/Endo180 (uPARAP/Endo180) pathway in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatotoxicity. (bvsalud.org)
  • These changes are recognized by the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a 7-transmembrane receptor linked to G-protein with a large extracellular amino-terminal region. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, the Wnt-5a coreceptor Ror2 was found to be involved in regulation of breast cancer cell migration and to associate with DDR1, a tyrosine kinase receptor that participates in Wnt-5a signaling. (lu.se)
  • A specific and time-dependent association of tubulin with plasma membranes was observed when SK-N-SH cells were treated with carbachol. (jneurosci.org)
  • The same phenomenon was observed with membranes from Sf9 cells, expressing a recombinant PLCβ 1 cascade. (jneurosci.org)
  • IEV is formed by wrapping of IMV with intracellular membranes, and is an intermediate between IMV and CEV/EEV that enables efficient virus dissemination to the cell surface on microtubules. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • The precise unconventional export mechanism for transporting RHAMM to the extracellular space is still unclear but may involve transport channels or proteins, flippase activity, or exocytosis, similar to other non-conventionally exported cell surface proteins such as BFGF1,2 and epimorphin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Less than 1% (5-6 g) is located in the intracellular and extracellular compartments, with only 1.3 g located extracellularly. (medscape.com)
  • During all stages of tumor progression, cancer cells are subjected to inappropriate extracellular matrix environments and must undergo adaptive changes in order to evade growth constraints associated with the loss of matrix attachment. (elifesciences.org)
  • A single-cell layer of epithelium is separated from the tissues beneath it by a supporting substance called the extracellular matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • It is estimated that up to 90% of cancers in humans originate in epithelial tissue, and the cells within such tumors are known to survive and divide even when they are no longer attached to the extracellular matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • explored which genes enable epithelial cells from the human mammary gland to grow without being attached to the extracellular matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • Moreover, cancerous cells tend to cluster together when they are detached from the extracellular matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • Moreover, PVRL4 triggers a form of signaling between the cells called integrin β4 signaling that allows them to survive without being anchored to the extracellular matrix. (elifesciences.org)
  • Both are transmembrane proteins sharing 30% protein sequence homology in their extracellular domains, but little homology in intracellular domains. (jefferson.edu)
  • Vaccinia virus produces four different types of virion from each infected cell called intracellular mature virus (IMV), intracellular enveloped virus (IEV), cell-associated enveloped virus (CEV) and extracellular enveloped virus (EEV). (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • An antigenic difference between intracellular and extracellular rabbitpox virus. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Extracellular vaccinia virus formation and cell-to-cell virus transmission are prevented by deletion of the gene encoding the 37,000-Dalton outer envelope protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • We now report an alternate mechanism of GAS-mediated apoptosis of primary human keratinocytes, initiated by extracellular GAS and involving dysregulation of intracellular calcium to produce endoplasmic reticulum stress. (lu.se)
  • We propose that cell signalling initiated by extracellular GAS compromises the epithelial barrier by inducing premature keratinocyte differentiation and apoptosis, thereby facilitating GAS invasion of deeper tissues. (lu.se)
  • Less than 1% (5-6 g) of this calcium is located in the intracellular and extracellular compartments, with only 1.3 g located extracellularly. (medscape.com)
  • Both extracellular and intracellular calcium concentrations are tightly regulated by bidirectional calcium transport across the plasma membrane of cells and intracellular organelles, such as the endoplasmic reticulum, the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle cells, and the mitochondria. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)
  • Sorting nexins (SNXs) are phox homology (PX) domain-containing proteins thought to regulate endosomal sorting of internalized receptors. (nih.gov)
  • In contrast to CD44 and other cell-surface receptors which contain the classical membrane spanning domain and signal sequence for secretion from the endoplasmic reticulum / Golgi complex, RHAMM does not contain a membrane spanning domain nor does the mRNA transcript contain a signal sequence. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is suggested that G-protein-coupled receptors might modulate cytoskeletal dynamics, intracellular traffic, and cellular architecture. (jneurosci.org)
  • The discovery of the gene sequences and predicted protein structures, role of CCR5 alleles has prompted studies of but their ligands have not been identified the possible role of many other host genes in (orphan receptors). (cdc.gov)
  • Binding of acetylcholine to its receptors on the sarcolemma allows entry of sodium ions into the cell and triggers an action potential in the muscle cell. (jove.com)
  • In 1979, Kebabian and Calne determined that at least two dopamine receptors mediated this system, and for the next decade the actions of dopamine were viewed as being mediated by two dopamine receptors, D1 and D2. (psychiatrictimes.com)
  • Pleiotropic TNF activities are mediated through the two cell surface receptors (TNFRs). (jefferson.edu)
  • It suggests that the two receptors interact with separate signal molecules which mediate distinct biological activities. (jefferson.edu)
  • Phenotypic and functional alterations in lupus T cells including expansion of the Th17 population, perturbations of the physiology of T-cell receptors (TCRs) and postreceptor downstream signalling, oxidative stress, and epigenetic changes result in exaggeration of TCR response to stimuli and the propensity of lupus T cells to get activated [ 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • A network of molecular machinery directs the intracellular trafficking of receptors during their biosynthesis and mediates signaling downstream of receptors. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Among these protein which show upregulation are a variety of channels and receptors. (asra.com)
  • Oxytocin receptors in the uterus and the mammary glands mediate the hormone's stimulation of contraction and milk ejection. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, curcumin contributed to cell survival, as indicated by the restoration of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the inhibition of the mitochondrial biogenesis induced by HFFA. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Inhibition of cell viability was assessed with focus on apoptosis transcriptionally and translationally. (hindawi.com)
  • Nitric oxide has recently been implicated as the effector molecule that mediates IL-1 beta-induced inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and beta-cell specific destruction. (jci.org)
  • Pretreatment of beta-cells, purified by FACS with IL-1 beta results in a 40% inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion that is prevented by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA). (jci.org)
  • This is further demonstrated by IL-1 beta-induced inhibition of glucose oxidation by purified beta-cells, mitochondrial aconitase activity of dispersed islet cells, and mitochondrial aconitase activity of Rin-m5F cells, all of which are prevented by NMMA. (jci.org)
  • This inhibition is mediated through activation of Yes, Cdc42 and CK1? (lu.se)
  • The data showed that adenine activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling contributing to autophagic cell death through mTOR in both colon cancer cell lines. (hindawi.com)
  • Involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in anticancer property of adenine was also investigated. (hindawi.com)
  • DAG mediates the activation of protein kinase C (PKC), while IP3 releases Ca2+ from intracellular stores. (joplink.net)
  • The serine/threonine kinase protein kinase D1 (PKD1) is a stress-responsive kinase and sensor for reactive oxygen species, which can initiate cell survival through NF-κB signaling. (biologists.com)
  • Perilipin 5 (PLIN5) is a lipid-droplet-associated protein that coordinates intracellular lipolysis in highly oxidative tissues and is thought to regulate lipid metabolism in response to phosphorylation by protein kinase A (PKA). (uci.edu)
  • Cytoskeletal proteins appear to be involved in the control of intracellular signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • Here we establish optical control of intracellular transport by using light-sensitive heterodimerization to recruit specific cytoskeletal motor proteins (kinesin, dynein or myosin) to selected cargoes. (nature.com)
  • Platelet-activating factor-mediated transmembrane signaling in human B lymphocytes is regulated through a pertussis- and cholera toxin-sensitive pathway. (jci.org)
  • RHAMM also binds directly with ERK1 and forms complexes with ERK1,2 and MEK1, suggesting a role as a scaffold protein that targets these MAP kinases to the nucleus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fifty percent of plasma calcium is ionized, 40% is bound to proteins (90% of which binds to albumin), and 10% circulates bound to anions (eg, phosphate, carbonate, citrate, lactate, sulfate). (medscape.com)
  • It binds to MIP-1α, MIP-1β, and RANTES and is expressed on a subset of T cells and monocytes. (biolegend.com)
  • Binds C-C chemokines and transduces an intracellular signal thought to result in proliferation and differentiation. (biolegend.com)
  • Ena-VASP family members contain an EHV1 N-terminal domain that binds proteins containing E/DFPPPPXD/E motifs and targets Ena-VASP proteins to focal adhesions. (antibodies-online.com)
  • In the mid-region of the protein, family members have a proline-rich domain that binds SH3 and WW domain-containing proteins. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Their C-terminal EVH2 domain mediates tetramerization and binds both G and F actin. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ions level. (lu.se)
  • While behavioral paradigms and outcome measures can be incorporated into the research design to facilitate the characterization of intracellular, transcellular, and circuit mechanisms, these are neither required nor expected. (nih.gov)
  • Further, this review recapitulates the recent advancement related to the characterization of the molecular mechanisms comprising protein phosphorylation and cell signaling, culminating in neuroinflammation. (cdc.gov)
  • Collectively, our data suggests that MRGPRX2/MrgprB2 activation of mast cells is dependent on SOCE via STIM1, and further characterization of the MRGPRX2-SOCE-STIM1 pathway will lead to the identification of novel targets for the treatment of pseudo-allergic reactions in humans. (figshare.com)
  • Characterization and quantification of polymer-protein binding relationships were established using fluorescence quenching assays. (umass.edu)
  • Dyneins are a family of cytoskeletal motor proteins that move along microtubules in cells . (wikipedia.org)
  • 2022) Alternative splicing encodes novel intracellular CD59 isoforms that mediate insulin secretion and are downregulated in diabetic islets. (lu.se)
  • This may reflect different roles for GTP-binding proteins in the activation of human B cells. (jci.org)
  • Thus, SNX1 and other sorting nexins are thought to play important roles in the specificity of protein trafficking to and from the plasma membrane. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • In parallel, the roles of protein phosphorylation and cell signaling in eliciting neuroinflammation are evolving. (cdc.gov)
  • The roles of these proteins in virus morphogenesis and dissemination, and as targets for neutralizing antibody are reviewed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Unlocking the Mysteries of the Immune System: new Roles of complement proteins in Diabetes and Cancer. (lu.se)
  • Despite its important intracellular roles, about 99% of body calcium is in bone, mainly as hydroxyapatite crystals. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The individual gene generates two main variations (and mRNA and handful of mRNA (Supplementary Amount S3A) leading to the predominant appearance of TIA1a protein compared with TIA1b protein (Supplementary Number S2B). (mdm-inhibitors.com)
  • RHAMM has also been identified as one of 4 gene products identified in circulating tumor cells in patients with lung adenocarcinoma. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pre- hematopoietic and other cells, but the Duffy sence of one copy of the deleted CCR5 gene also antigen of erythrocytes (DARC) is the only influences the course of disease as the onset of member expressed on cells of erythroid lineage. (cdc.gov)
  • Normally, the PVRL4 gene is not active in breast epithelial cells, but its activity is detected in many breast, lung, and ovarian tumors. (elifesciences.org)
  • Sequence analysis, expression, and deletion of a vaccinia virus gene encoding a homolog of profilin, a eukaryotic actin-binding protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Dissociation of progeny vaccinia virus from the cell membrane is regulated by a viral envelope glycoprotein: effect of a point mutation in the lectin homology domain of the A34R gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Purified HSCs treated with CPX showed a reduced cell division rate and an enrichment of HSC- specific gene expression patterns. (lu.se)
  • which means both copies of the gene in each cell have mutations. (medlineplus.gov)
  • These encompass cutting-edge techniques such as advanced flow cytometry, confocal microscopy, molecular methodologies, including CRISPR/Cas-9 gene editing, investigations into protein interactions, and specialized assays tailored for β-cell research. (lu.se)
  • The presence of breast tumor cell subsets with high RHAMM expression is associated with reduced metastasis free survival and mediates migration, transformation, and metastatic spread of the triple negative human BCa cell line MDA-MB-231. (wikipedia.org)
  • New antitumor strategies using drugs targeted to intracellular signaling involved in cell proliferation and survival, angiogenesis, and metastasis have become promising in recent years. (researchgate.net)
  • Adenine improves the survival of rat Purkinje cells and enhances the storage of erythrocyte in whole blood [ 6 - 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Cytoplasmic dynein, found in all animal cells and possibly plant cells as well, performs functions necessary for cell survival such as organelle transport and centrosome assembly. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the CNS, could mediate hippocampal-neuron survival. (lu.se)
  • We found that C3 regulates process of autophagy and cell survival upon stress and now we aim to investigate what role C3 may play in β-cell physiology and islet inflammation. (lu.se)
  • and regulation of Arp2/3 complex-mediated actin nucleation. (nih.gov)
  • Gadkin negatively regulates cell spreading and motility via sequestration of the actin-nucleating ARP2/3 complex. (nih.gov)
  • VASP is associated with filamentous actin formation and likely plays a widespread role in cell adhesion and motility. (antibodies-online.com)
  • CEV induces the formation of actin tails that drive CEV particles away from the cell and is important for cell-to-cell spread. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • We observed the proteins internalization within macrophages and their capacity to eradicate the intracellular mycobacterial infection at a low micro-molar range. (frontiersin.org)
  • The work presented herein connects a fundamental understanding of polymer-protein complexation with intracellular internalization and cargo activity. (umass.edu)
  • The role of polymer self-assembly was observed to impact not only initial binding interactions with protein cargo, but also internalization and intracellular activity. (umass.edu)
  • The protein induction of autophagy was analyzed by RT-qPCR, western blot, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. (frontiersin.org)
  • This study investigated whether kaempferol could inhibit ovarian cancer (OC) by activation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and autophagy, and tested its effect on the sensitivity of OC cells to cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, DPP). (bvsalud.org)
  • To study the effect of kaempferol on activation of ER stress and autophagy and find out whether its mechanism of action involves calcium (Ca2+), A2780 OC cells were cultured in DMEM/F12 for 24 h with or without kaempferol (40 µmol/l) in the presence or absence of autophagy or ER stress inhibitors or a calcium chelator. (bvsalud.org)
  • Our data support an evolutionarily conserved function for SNX1 from yeast to mammals and provide functional insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying lipid-mediated protein targeting and tubular-based protein sorting. (nih.gov)
  • Genetic code expansion has become an essential new tool for designing functional small protein models for complex metalloenzymes. (rsc.org)
  • To investigate the functional species specificity of TNFR-1, we transfected an inducible hTNFR-1 expression construct into murine L929 cells. (jefferson.edu)
  • Compelling evidence has however shown that without the assistance of the helper T lymphocytes, it is indeed difficult for the "helpless" B cells to become functional enough to trigger SLE-related inflammation. (hindawi.com)
  • Recently, a number of phenotypic and functional alterations which increase the propensity to trigger lupus-related inflammation have been identified in lupus T cells. (hindawi.com)
  • We sought to identify PKA phosphorylation sites in PLIN5 and assess their functional relevance in cultured cells and the livers of mice. (uci.edu)
  • To elucidate regulatory mechanisms governing the maintenance and propagation of human HSCs ex vivo, we screened libraries of annotated small molecules in human cord blood (CB) cells using an optimized assay for detection of functional HSCs during culture. (lu.se)
  • In addition, this may allow gut bacteria to cross over into the systemic circulation, thereby contributing to systemic immune-mediated inflammatory damage. (news-medical.net)
  • Patients with severe immune-mediated inflammatory diseases, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease or psoriasis, often respond well and relatively quickly to treatment with biologic medicines such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors. (bpac.org.nz)
  • Biologic immunomodulators are often used to treat immune-mediated inflammatory disease, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory bowel disease. (bpac.org.nz)
  • In New Zealand several biologic medicines are funded under Special Authority criteria or subject to restrictions on the Hospital Medicines List (HML) for the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory disease ( Table 1 ). (bpac.org.nz)
  • We explored the possible mechanisms underlying the anticancer activity of adenine in colorectal cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Several studies have recently shown that features such as its high infectivity, slow growth, and complex cell-wall structure, make M. tuberculosis a major challenge to be faced, since the specific mechanisms that reinforce the high virulence of Mtb remain largely unknown ( 4 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • To avoid elimination by this mechanism, human papillomaviruses (HPV) have developed several mechanisms that enable the cells they infect to elude both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • In this manuscript, we review the current literature regarding how HPV-infected cells avoid apoptosis and the molecular mechanisms involved in these events. (mdpi.com)
  • Possible mechanisms for overcoming the resistance of HPV-infected tumor cells to anticancer drugs will be discussed. (mdpi.com)
  • Breakdown of immune tolerance is believed to be one of the major mechanisms which triggers the production of autoantibodies by B cells and antibody forming cells, leading to inflammation upon binding to autoantigens and consequent tissue damage [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In this brief review, a detailed account of the putative mechanisms by which the normal physiology of T cells are disturbed and why regulatory T cells fail to alleviate proinflammatory response in SLE will be discussed. (hindawi.com)
  • In Specific Aim 2, we will elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying ceramide-mediated fusion of senescent osteoclast precursors in vitro through a cathepsin B-induced Myh9 degradation pathway. (nova.edu)
  • Ongoing research investigates mechanisms invoked by cancer cells to abrogate MHC-I expression and attenuate anti-tumour CD8 + cytotoxic T cell response. (portlandpress.com)
  • This review provides a comprehensive overview of physiologically conserved or novel mechanisms utilised by tumour cells to reduce MHC-I or MHC-II expression. (portlandpress.com)
  • Our goal is to gain a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms and implications of C3 and CD59 in pancreatic β-cell function and diabetes. (lu.se)
  • We aim to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for these novel functions of COMP, particularly those related to basic cell biology and tumor immunology. (lu.se)
  • Number 2 Subcellular distribution of the TIA1 isoforms Involvement of TIA1 in ESCC cell proliferation To gain insight into the potential function Lidocaine (Alphacaine) of TIA1 whose overexpression could be associated with esophageal carcinogenesis we 1st tested the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA) focusing on TIA1 on cell proliferation. (mdm-inhibitors.com)
  • Number 3 Effects of TIA1 knockdown on cell proliferation We next launched a TIA1[v1]- or TIA1[v2]-expressing retrovirus into KYSE190 and KYSE2270 cells expressing relatively lower levels of endogenous TIA1 to determine the effects of exogenously indicated TIA1 isoforms. (mdm-inhibitors.com)
  • These results suggest that TIA1 silencing in ESCC cells contributes to cell cycle arrest in the G1-S checkpoint and the induction of apoptosis. (mdm-inhibitors.com)
  • Further, we study how intracellular C3 contributes to recognition and clearance of intracellular bacterial pathogens. (lu.se)
  • We found very high levels of expression of the central complement protein, C3, and complement inhibitor CD59 in human pancreatic islets. (lu.se)
  • We have also found that CD59 is essential for secretion from other cell types such as neurons. (lu.se)
  • The selected candidate will become an integral part of a research project focused on exploring the non-canonical functions of two complement proteins, C3 and CD59, in the pathophysiology of pancreatic β-cells, particularly in their connection to diabetes development. (lu.se)
  • In SK-N-SH cells, carbachol induced a rapid and transient translocation of tubulin to the plasma membrane, microtubule reorganization, and a change in cell shape as demonstrated by confocal immunofluorescence microscopy. (jneurosci.org)
  • Golachowska, M. R., Hoekstra, D. & van IJzendoorn, S. C. Recycling endosomes in apical plasma membrane domain formation and epithelial cell polarity. (nature.com)
  • MARV assembles and buds from the host cell plasma where MARV matrix protein (mVP40) dimers associate with anionic lipids at the plasma membrane inner leaflet and undergo a dynamic and extensive self-oligomerization into the structural matrix layer. (uci.edu)
  • Despite the antimicrobial activity of macrophages, Mtb has been able to establish a series of strategies to handle the host immune machinery, interfere with, and arrest the phagosome maturation, counteract mycobactericidal molecules and ultimately survive in a hostile intracellular environment ( 8 - 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • The current state of clinical trials evaluating therapeutic agents which target molecules expressing on and inside T cells for the treatment of SLE will be updated. (hindawi.com)
  • Reactive glial cells secrete a wide variety of signaling molecules in response to neuronal perturbations and thus play a crucial role in the progression and regulation of central nervous system (CNS) injury. (cdc.gov)
  • The NEU1 enzyme helps break down large sugar molecules attached to certain proteins by removing a substance known as sialic acid. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Similarly both non-tumor and tumor cells of main ESCC predominantly indicated mRNA and the mRNA manifestation levels in tumors were higher than in ANGPT1 those in combined non-tumor cells in 3/6 (50%) of ESCC instances whose RNA was available (Supplementary Number S3B). (mdm-inhibitors.com)
  • Understanding how cancerous cells gain this ability may lead to new approaches to stopping tumor cells from dividing and colonizing tissues around the body. (elifesciences.org)
  • Many of the current efforts regarding anti-cancer drug development are focused on directing tumor cells to undergo apoptosis. (mdpi.com)
  • Mtb is an intracellular pathogen able to survive indefinitely under unfavorable conditions inside primary host immune cells, preferably residing in human alveolar macrophages ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Vacuoles containing the intracellular pathogen Coxiella burnetii show reversible ESCRT recruitment, and interference with this recruitment reduces intravacuolar bacterial replication. (biorxiv.org)
  • also showed that interactions between the PVRL4 in one cell and a related protein called PVRL1 in a neighboring cell were responsible for holding the cells together in clusters. (elifesciences.org)
  • Furthermore, limitations of current assays to quantify polymer-protein binding were discussed and a new method of Covalent- Labeling Mass Spectrometry was introduced to quantify non-covalent polymer interactions with model protein surface patches. (umass.edu)
  • This represents the first use of this method for identifying non-covalent polymer-protein interactions. (umass.edu)
  • This method allowed for increased understanding of the binding interactions between polymer-based CPPMs and anionic and hydrophobic surface patches on protein cargo. (umass.edu)
  • FLIM-FRET analysis of protein-protein interactions showed that PLIN5 S155 phosphorylation regulates PLIN5 interaction with adipose triglyceride lipase at the lipid droplet, but not with α-β hydrolase domain-containing 5. (uci.edu)
  • The accuracy and precision of brain signaling are primarily based on interactions involving neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, pericytes, and dendritic cells within the CNS. (cdc.gov)
  • Dynein and kinesin can both be exploited by viruses to mediate the viral replication process. (wikipedia.org)
  • Many viruses use the microtubule transport system to transport nucleic acid/protein cores to intracellular replication sites after invasion host the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • The production of several different virus particles in the VV replication cycle represents a coordinated strategy to exploit cell biology to promote virus spread and to aid virus evasion of antibody and complement. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • This reaction serves two cellular purposes: providing a precursor (dUMP) for the synthesis of thymine nucleotides needed for DNA replication, and limiting intracellular pools of dUTP. (thermofisher.com)
  • Calcium is also involved in the action of other intracellular messengers, such as cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate, and thus mediates the cellular response to numerous hormones, including epinephrine , glucagon , vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone), secretin , and cholecystokinin. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The SNX proteins contain a conserved 100 amino acid region termed the phox homology (PX) domain and are part of a family of hydrophilic proteins which includes S. cerevisiae proteins that function in protein sorting. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The encoded protein is extensively glycosylated and contains five Ig-like domains that share high homology with corresponding domains in ICAM-1 and ICAM-2. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Mast cells are inflammatory immune cells that play an essential role in mediating allergic reactions in humans. (figshare.com)
  • Liver cell apoptosis is a prominent feature of NAFLD and correlates with disease severity ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Adenine induced significant apoptosis in HT29 cells, whereas Caco-2 cells exhibited less apoptotic responses. (hindawi.com)
  • The ability of the host to trigger apoptosis in infected cells is perhaps the most powerful tool by which viruses can be cleared from the host organism. (mdpi.com)
  • Ceramides that comprise the cell membrane of vertebrates are attracting interest as signaling mediators in a variety of cellular events, including apoptosis and cell senescence. (nova.edu)
  • Induction of keratinocyte apoptosis by wild-type GAS was accompanied by cell detachment and loss of epithelial integrity, a phenomenon not observed with GAS deficient in capsule or SLO. (lu.se)
  • While RHAMM has been less studied than CD44 in the process of cancer metastasis, it is likely just as important in this process and can act in concert with, or independently of CD44 to promote cell motility. (wikipedia.org)
  • ICAM-3 mediates the adhesion of resting T lymphocytes to LFA-1 and participates in the initiation of immune responses. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • One of the peptides was shortened and modified to yield the formylated hexapeptide, Foxy-5, which was able to copy the effects of Wnt-5a on the intracellular signaling, adhesion and migration of breast epithelial cells. (lu.se)
  • In the present study, we investigated the anticancer effects of adenine and the underlying mechanism in colon cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • However, the mechanism by which adenine inhibits the proliferation of cancer cells is sketchy. (hindawi.com)
  • It is of interest to explore the inhibitory effect of adenine on the growth of colorectal cancer cells and to determine the underlying mechanism. (hindawi.com)
  • Antimicrobial proteins and peptides offer a multifaceted mechanism suitable to fight bacterial resistance. (frontiersin.org)
  • We conclude that the cell is equipped with an endogenous mechanism for lysosome repair which protects against lysosomal damage-induced cell death but which also provides a potential advantage for intracellular pathogens. (biorxiv.org)
  • This mechanism preserves the single-cell layer pattern throughout the body and prevents epithelial cells from growing in inappropriate locations. (elifesciences.org)
  • These synthetic polymers non-covalently bind to cargo, offering a mechanism to deliver proteins in a way that does not alter protein secondary structure. (umass.edu)
  • A key mechanism of immune evasion deployed by tumour cells is to reduce neoantigen presentation through down-regulation of the antigen presentation machinery. (portlandpress.com)
  • The mechanism behind the inhibited metastasis formation seemed to be impaired migration and invasion in the breast cancer cells. (lu.se)
  • Here we develop and apply the principles of their evolution from systems principally for evaluating mechanism dosimetry in vitro and outline an approach for simulation of of toxicity to high-throughput systems for rapid and cost-effective nanoparticle particokinetics in cell culture systems. (cdc.gov)
  • By silencing endogenous TIA1 using three different siRNAs cell proliferation was significantly suppressed in KYSE140 KYSE180 and TE4 cells. (mdm-inhibitors.com)
  • CD195 mediates an intracellular signal thought to induce cell differentiation and proliferation. (biolegend.com)
  • In this study, we investigated the effects of adenine against the proliferation of colon cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Iron-sulfur proteins appear to be intracellular targets of nitric oxide. (jci.org)
  • The resulting disruption of the gut epithelial barrier perturbs intracellular ion balance, thus causing colitis and inflamed gut walls. (news-medical.net)
  • Evidences suggest that Ca 2+ channels TRP and Orai participate in the intracellular Ca 2+ signaling involved the physiological angiogenesis processes [17]. (researchgate.net)
  • The microtubule protein tubulin regulates adenylyl cyclase and phospholipase Cβ 1 (PLCβ 1 ) signaling via transactivation of the G-protein subunits Gαs, Gαi1, and Gαq. (jneurosci.org)
  • Because most tubulin is not membrane associated, this study investigates whether tubulin translocates to the membrane in response to an agonist so that it might regulate G-protein signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • Anticancer activity of adenine in colon cancer cells is attributable to the activation of apoptotic signaling and in turn the AMPK/mTOR pathway. (hindawi.com)
  • However, our data describe a role for PLD1-induced DAG as a competent second messenger at the mitochondria that relays ROS to PKD1-mediated mitochondria-to-nucleus signaling. (biologists.com)
  • These results are expected to challenge the long-standing belief that LPS/TLR signaling is the main pathway of oral innate immune responses and will lay the foundation for opening a new paradigm of ceramide-mediated periodontitis pathology, leading to a future R01 grant application for development of novel therapeutic approaches for aging-associated periodontitis and other chronic age-associated inflammatory diseases, such as Rheumatoid arthritis. (nova.edu)
  • 2019) Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein initiates cancer stem cells through activation of Jagged1-Notch3 signaling. (lu.se)
  • Culture conditions in which hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can be expanded for clinical benefit are highly sought after. (lu.se)
  • Furthermore, based on sequence analysis of the Wnt-5a protein, I identified two peptides with Wnt-5a mimicking ability. (lu.se)
  • Adenine is involved in a variety of cell biological processes and has been explored for pharmacological uses. (hindawi.com)
  • Adenine forms several biological compounds involved in a variety of cellular physiological processes such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in cellular respiration and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in protein synthesis. (hindawi.com)
  • LFA-1 participates in several processes, such as T cell-mediated killing, T helper and B lymphocyte responses, natural killing, Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity by monocytes and granulocytes, and adherence of leukocytes to endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and epithelial cells. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Plays also an essential role in vascularization of the gastrointestinal tract, probably by regulating vascular branching and/or remodelling processes in endothelial cells. (lu.se)
  • The projects feature state-of-the-art methods for the investigation of cell biology, such as flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, protein interaction analyses using the proximity-ligation assay and Biacore, and genetic manipulation employing the Cas9/CRISPR system. (lu.se)
  • Having prior expertise in the following areas can be highly advantageous for this role: cell biology, diabetes research, beta-cell differentiation, proficiency in microscopy techniques, hands-on experience with mouse models, and a strong background in bioinformatic analysis, particularly in RNA sequencing and ChIP sequencing. (lu.se)
  • Finally, once a metastatic lesion has been established, RHAMM can cooperate with CD44 to promote angiogenesis by promoting migration of neighboring endothelial cells towards the tumor. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the end of the microtubules become close to the cell membrane, they release a chemical signal that punts the dynein to the other side of the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Integral membrane protein. (lu.se)
  • Within the RNaseA superfamily there is a group of highly cationic proteins secreted by innate immune cells with anti-infective and immune-regulatory properties. (frontiersin.org)
  • This arises following the detection of infected cells by innate immune cells, which subsequently triggers a hyperinflammatory immune response. (news-medical.net)
  • Mechanistically, we found that the HSC stimulating effect of CPX was directly mediated by chelation of the intracellular iron pool, which in turn affected iron-dependent proteins and enzymes mediating cellular metabolism and respiration. (lu.se)
  • [ 5 ] Vitamin D stimulates intestinal absorption of calcium, regulates PTH release by the chief cells, and mediates PTH-stimulated bone reabsorption. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, this cytoprotection resulted from curcumin-mediated downregulation of the NF-κB p65 subunit, thereby inhibiting lipoapoptosis. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Cell surface proteins that bind oxytocin with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Adenine has been suggested to induce cell cycle arrest in cancer cells, leading to cell death [ 9 , 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • These results demonstrate that the islet beta-cell is a source of IL-1 beta-induced nitric oxide production, and that beta-cell mitochondrial iron-sulfur containing enzymes are one site of action of nitric oxide. (jci.org)
  • The interaction of tubulin with these polypeptides involves a GTP transfer from the exchangeable GTP-binding site (E site) of tubulin to Gα, which activates the G-protein (transactivation) ( Roychowdhury and Rasenick, 1994 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • IL-1 beta does not appear to affect FACS-purified alpha-cell metabolic activity or intracellular cGMP levels, suggesting that IL-1 beta does not exert any effect on alpha-cells. (jci.org)
  • Curcumin also exerts potential anti-inflammatory effects in diverse cell types, including pancreatic cells, chondrocytes, and hepatic cells ( 9 , 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In addition to causing direct injury to the gut cells, SARS-CoV-2 likely produces gut injury through this inflammatory environment. (news-medical.net)
  • Due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant capabilities as well as its ability to decrease hepatic stellate cell activation and fibrogenesis, these data imply that melatonin has a powerful anti-fibrotic effect. (bvsalud.org)
  • Davis, Hazel, "Designing Polymer-Protein Complexes for Intracellular Delivery" (2022). (umass.edu)
  • Elotuzumab (Elo) is an IgG 1 monoclonal antibody targeting SLAMF7 (CS1, CRACC, and CD319), which is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, and subsets of other leukocytes. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Cell Metabolism, 29, 202-210. (lu.se)
  • IL-1 beta induces the formation of an iron-dinitrosyl complex by Rin-m5F cells indicating that nitric oxide mediates the destruction of iron-sulfur clusters of iron containing enzymes. (jci.org)
  • Lysosomes are compartments within the cell that use enzymes to digest and recycle materials. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Platelet-activating factor (PAF) stimulates human B cells, resulting in elevation of intracellular calcium and the release of inositol phosphates. (jci.org)
  • It is well-known that mast cell activation is critically regulated by intracellular calcium ion (Ca 2+ ) concentrations. (figshare.com)
  • In contrast, most kinesin motor proteins move toward the microtubules' plus-end, in what is called anterograde transport . (wikipedia.org)
  • Levels of phosphorylation and protein expression were determined using western blotting. (hindawi.com)
  • Expression of phosphorylation-defective PLIN5 S155A in Plin5 null cells resulted in decreased rates of lipolysis and triglyceride-derived fatty acid oxidation. (uci.edu)
  • it is involved in skeletal muscle contraction, excitation-contraction coupling in cardiac and smooth muscle, and activation of protein kinases and enzyme phosphorylation. (msdmanuals.com)
  • RHAMM was originally discovered as a soluble protein that altered migratory cell behavior and bound to hyaluronan. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast to soluble chemicals, cadmium oxide particles on a cm2/ml media basis, but are only ~50 particles can settle, diffuse, and aggregate differentially accord- times more potent when differences in delivery to adherent cells are ing to their size, density, and surface physicochemistry. (cdc.gov)
  • PTH stimulates osteoclastic bone reabsorption and distal tubular calcium reabsorption and mediates 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH] 2 D) intestinal calcium absorption. (medscape.com)
  • Required for acrosome reaction in sperm during fertilization, probably by acting as an important enzyme for intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in the zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction. (joplink.net)
  • Dr. Behlke explains that if Cas9 is expressed from DNA or even messenger RNA, the enzyme persists in a cell for a long time, increasing chances of cleavage at nonspecific sites. (genengnews.com)
  • The encoded protein forms a ubiquitous, homotetrameric enzyme that hydrolyzes dUTP to dUMP and pyrophosphate. (thermofisher.com)
  • Interleukin 1 beta induces the formation of nitric oxide by beta-cells purified from rodent islets of Langerhans. (jci.org)
  • IL-1 beta induces the formation of nitric oxide by purified beta-cells as evidenced by the accumulation of cGMP, which is blocked by NMMA. (jci.org)
  • IL-1 beta also induces the accumulation of cGMP by the insulinoma cell line Rin-m5F, and both NMMA as well as the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide prevent this cGMP accumulation. (jci.org)
  • Elevated levels of dUTP lead to increased incorporation of uracil into DNA, which induces extensive excision repair mediated by uracil glycosylase. (thermofisher.com)
  • Experiments were performed in which the mammary fat pads of athymic (immunodeficient) BALB/c mice and normal BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 breast cancer cells. (lu.se)