• For import of iron-siderophore complexes, seven proteins in the cell envelope of Escherichia coli are essential. (mcgill.ca)
  • TonB, partner protein of FhuA, is one of three proteins from the energy-transducing complex TonB-ExbB-ExbD that is embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane. (mcgill.ca)
  • Unlike crystals that are grown for soluble proteins (usually to 100 µm in size), the MP crystals of the ExbB-ExbD complex that we reproducibly grow in lipidic cubic phase are "showers", only 5 to 10 µm in all dimensions. (mcgill.ca)
  • While the molecular nature of intracellular cobalamin metabolism in mammals remains poorly understood, the proteins MMACHC, MMADHC, LMBD1 and ABCD4 are implicated in its early uptake and processing. (mcgill.ca)
  • Cytoskeletal proteins appear to be involved in the control of intracellular signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • Although the majority of VWA-containing proteins are extracellular, the most ancient ones present in all eukaryotes are all intracellular proteins involved in functions such as transcription, DNA repair, ribosomal and membrane transport and the proteasome. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • The presence of this region in a number of other complex-forming proteins points to the possible involvment of the VWFC domain in complex formation. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Adhesion complexes (i.e., focal adhesions and focal complexes) and cell-cell contacts are specialized structures that harbor a large number of cytoskeletal proteins and one of the highest concentrations of signaling molecules in cells ( Ruoslahti and Obrink, 1996 ). (rupress.org)
  • Inflammasomes are multi-protein complexes that comprise Ginsenoside Rf receptors (NLPR3 Goal2 and NLRC4) an adaptive proteins ASC and procaspase 1. (cancer-pictures.org)
  • We previously reported how the NLRP3 Goal2 and RIG-I inflammasomes are triggered in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)2 (2) which end-binding proteins 1 (EB1) can be a novel element of these triggered inflammasome complexes (9). (cancer-pictures.org)
  • Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
  • It interacts with several intracellular signal transduction proteins including type I TGF-beta receptor. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
  • While we and others have demonstrated that AKAP350 can potentially scaffold a wide range of proteins, the actual composition of scaffolded complexes is likely both cell specific as well as subcellular organelle specific. (grantome.com)
  • These complexes appear to coordinate the movement intracellular proteins and messenger RNAs responsible for far ranging processes within cells. (grantome.com)
  • The Cul3-based CRLs uniquely assemble with BTB (broad complex/tramtrack/bric-à-brac) proteins that also homodimerize and perform the role of both the Cullin adapter and the substrate-recognition component of the E3. (ox.ac.uk)
  • BBS proteins may also be involved in intracellular trafficking via microtubule-related transport. (nih.gov)
  • The protein encoded by this gene has sequence similarity to O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferases in plants and archaebacteria and in human forms a multi-protein "BBSome" complex with seven other BBS proteins. (nih.gov)
  • Intracellular proteins are generated and degraded as required, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system is known to play an important role in managing this degradation process. (azolifesciences.com)
  • The international team, led by Prof. SUGASAWA Kaoru at the Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, developed a custom microscope system that allowed them to successfully observe the dynamic behaviors of various intracellular proteins in response to UV-induced DNA damage (Figure 1, left). (azolifesciences.com)
  • First of all, the multi-protein complexes, proteasomes, quickly accumulated at DNA damage sites depending on the presence of DDB2 proteins. (azolifesciences.com)
  • Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) provides unique insight into biomacromolecular complexes by combining solvent contrast variation (H2O:D2O exchange) with either natural contrast between different classes of biomolecules (proteins, RNA/DNA, lipids/detergents) and/or by applying artificial contrast, i.e. deuteration of specific biomolecules. (lu.se)
  • This process begins with recognition of intracellular and extracellular danger signals, which leads to formation of a large, multi-protein complex known as the inflammasome. (immunochemistry.com)
  • A diverse range of extracellular and intracellular signals stimulate both mTOR complexes to regulate cell growth, survival and proliferation. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • One family of cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) named as Toll-like receptors TLRs recognize PAMPs through an extracellular domain and initiate inflammatory signaling pathways through an intracellular domain. (frontiersin.org)
  • These multiprotein complexes are capable of capturing and integrating many signals from the extracellular as well as intracellular environments ( Rosales and Juliano, 1995 ). (rupress.org)
  • What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)
  • Studies recommended that mechanosensitive channels could possibly be tethered to cytoskeletal and external anchors via intracellular and extracellular linkers. (lckinhibitor.com)
  • The integrins therefore serve to hyperlink across the plasma membrane two networks: the extracellular ECM as well as the intracellular actin filamentous technique by means of multiprotein focal adhesion complexes. (lckinhibitor.com)
  • In vulnerable brain regions, such as the hippocampus and cortex, there is an accumulation of extracellular neuritic plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles. (biomedcentral.com)
  • mTOR is a key component of two distinct multi-protein complexes in mammalian cells, termed mTOR complex 1 (TORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). (ucl.ac.uk)
  • It also interacts with multiple intracellular calcium release channels, and coordinates multi-protein complex formation of the tetrameric skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
  • In all of these cases, I use super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and other single molecule based methods such as single particle tracking, coupled with quantitative analysis, to extract information on the dynamics, stoichiometry and organization of multi-protein complexes and link this information to their function in the cell. (nikon.com)
  • Cellular membranes not only compartmentalize intracellular processes, but also serve as dynamic hubs for the assembly of many multi-protein complexes containing bona-fide oncoproteins, such as Ras and Receptor Tyrosine Kinases. (kuchaylab.org)
  • They observed that proteasome, which is a multi-protein complex involved in protein degradation, quickly accumulated at the sites of the UV light-induced DNA damage. (azolifesciences.com)
  • In a first couple of examples, I will show how distance and shape restraints from SANS have helped to improve the uniqueness of structural models for two multi-protein-RNA complexes, in combination with NMR restraints and building blocks from crystallography [1, 2]. (lu.se)
  • Inflammasomes are intracellular multiprotein complexes that regulate the activity of caspase-1 and can be activated by various cellular dangers that trigger the processing and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines to engage innate immunity ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Inflammasomes are important intracellular multiprotein complexes that promote the inflammatory response in atherosclerosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • Zamboni is the principal investigator for another research project, also supported by FAPESP , that is investigating the role of inflammasomes in diseases caused by intracellular pathogens. (fapesp.br)
  • Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that regulate the innate immune system and are involved in intracellular surveillance of danger signals that trigger an intense inflammatory response, including the release of IL-1β and IL-18 and the induction of pyroptosis, a lytic form of cell death. (ventustx.com)
  • The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multiprotein complex that activates cysteine protease caspase-1, which leads to the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β (IL)-1β and IL-18 ( 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • An inflammasome is a multiprotein intracellular complex involved in autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases, some cancers, and many infectious diseases. (fapesp.br)
  • We have hypothesized that intracellular AKAP350-coordinated complexes regulate both trafficking through the Golgi apparatus and processing of discrete RNA species within cytosolic domains. (grantome.com)
  • Pyroptosis is a highly inflammatory form of programmed cell death frequently triggered upon infection with intracellular pathogens. (immunochemistry.com)
  • These multiprotein membrane complexes actively pump antibiotics out from cells. (oucreate.com)
  • For example, we are investigating FBXL2, an E3 ligase complex that regulates critical signaling networks operating from membrane compartments. (kuchaylab.org)
  • Most NLRs assemble in large multiprotein complex called the inflammasome leading to the activation of caspase-1. (frontiersin.org)
  • Thus, force transmission by cytoskeletal networks and cell adhesive complexes explains the capacity of single cells or cell monolayers to execute complex processes like spreading, migration, and process mechanical signals appliedCompr Physiol. (lckinhibitor.com)
  • It is suggested that G-protein-coupled receptors might modulate cytoskeletal dynamics, intracellular traffic, and cellular architecture. (jneurosci.org)
  • Group I metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRI), including mGluR1 and mGluR5 subtypes, modulate essential brain functions by affecting neuronal excitability, intracellular calcium dynamics, protein synthesis, dendritic spine formation, and synaptic transmission and plasticity. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Scheme of the principal mGluR1 and mGluR5 signaling pathways, showing that G q/11 -dependent activation of phospholipase C β (PLCβ) mediates phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis with the generation of diacylglycerol (DAG) (that activates protein kinase C, PKC) and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP 3 ) (that fosters Ca 2+ intracellular release from internal stores by acting on IP 3 R receptors on the endoplasmic reticulum). (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Card9 signaling also responds to intracellular danger sensors, such as retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and nucleotide-oligomerization domain (Nod)2. (nih.gov)
  • After activation, NLRP3 forms a complex with ASC and pro-caspase-1, converting pro-caspase-1 into activated caspase-1, which may trigger the release of IL-1ß and IL-18 and contribute to the inflammatory response. (bvsalud.org)
  • Intracellular lectins and glycan-modifying enzymes mediate autophagy and control host immunity and inflammation. (nature.com)
  • APP is proteolyzed into various fragments (see Figure 1 ) during its intracellular trafficking and these APP metabolites mediate various and sometimes adverse functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 16, 17 The pathogenesis of these diverse illnesses may have a common root in activation of the inflammasome, the intracellular, multiprotein complexes that are central to innate immunity. (bhma.org)
  • Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein (Card)9 is a nonredundant adapter protein that functions in the innate immune system in the assembly of multifunctional signaling complexes. (nih.gov)
  • The cell aggressively throttles Zn2+ because, at elevated concentrations, it can serve as an intracellular signal molecule, and trigger cell suicide (apoptosis), or even block protein synthesis. (dadamo.com)
  • High intracellular concentrations inhibit the replication of RNA type viruses, such as SARS-CoV-2. (dadamo.com)
  • Multidrug efflux pumps define the intracellular concentrations and hence potencies of antibacterial agents. (oucreate.com)
  • We employed the HEK expression system and a biosensor allowing us to simultaneously detect the changes in intracellular diacylglycerol (DAG) and Ca 2+ concentrations. (mdpi.com)
  • The challenge of studying these large anchored multiprotein complexes is to discern the role of specific coordinated complexes in the regulation of intracellular processes. (grantome.com)
  • Structural and functional characterization of the intracellular filament-forming nitrite oxidoreductase multiprotein complex. (mpg.de)
  • Structural characterization of BTB-Cul3 complexes has revealed a number of critical assembly mechanisms, including the binding of an N-terminal Cullin extension to a bihelical '3-box' at the C-terminus of the BTB domain. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Impact of hypoxia, simulated ischemia and reperfusion in HL-1 cells on the expression of FKBP12/FKBP12.6 and intracellular calcium dynamics. (anticorps-enligne.fr)
  • Disruption of cytoskeletal elements (microfilaments or microtubules), or cell-matrix adhesions nNOS manufacturer inhibits or eliminates the mechanical force-induced enhance of intracellular calcium in endothelial cells (5). (lckinhibitor.com)
  • Improved understanding of the structure of these complexes should contribute significantly to the effort to develop novel therapeutics targeted to CRL3-regulated pathways. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, mechanical forces transduced for the ion channel by way of cell adhesions along with the cytoskeletal network can have an effect on ion conductivity and activate intracellular signaling in an amplitudedependent style. (lckinhibitor.com)
  • Mutation of LRS amino acid residues important for leucine binding renders the mTORC1 pathway insensitive to intracellular levels of amino acids. (nih.gov)
  • Purification of the key enzyme complexes of the anammox pathway from DEMON sludge. (mpg.de)
  • This pathway leads to the Ca 2+ intracellular mobilization from internal stores and activation of protein kinase C (PKC) [ 1 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • This process of dual lipid modification has important implications in intracellular trafficking, secretion and range of action of the Hh ligand. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast to other PIKK family members, mTOR possesses a unique FRB (FKBP12/Rapamycin Binding) domain which mediates the interaction with the FKBP12/rapamycin inhibitory complex. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • The multidomain protein complex, SST3-Avi-C3, retargets C3 enzyme into non-small cell lung A549 cancer cells and exhibits exceptional tumor inhibition at a concentration ≈100-fold lower than the clinically approved antibody bevacizumab (Avastin) in vivo. (uni-ulm.de)
  • An intracellular ribonucleolytic protein complex that participates in POSTRANSCRIPTIONAL RNA PROCESSING and RNA DEGRADATION. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we show that leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LRS) plays a critical role in amino acid-induced mTORC1 activation by sensing intracellular leucine concentration and initiating molecular events leading to mTORC1 activation. (nih.gov)
  • The transition between closed, self-inhibited states of Nf1 and open states provides guidance for targeted studies deciphering the complex molecular mechanism behind the widespread neurofibromatosis syndrome and Nf1 dysfunction in carcinogenesis. (nature.com)
  • I study this central question in the context of a number of different biological problems ranging from intracellular transport, chromatin organization to synaptic organization. (nikon.com)
  • Conserved oligomeric Golgi complex subunit 7 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the COG7 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The researchers developed a microscope system whereby they could induce DNA damage to any intracellular location via UV light stimulation and observe cellular responses in real-time. (azolifesciences.com)
  • The intracellular concentration of free Zn2+ is maintained at a relatively low level by metallothioneins , small molecules that bind metals like zinc, copper and other heavy metals. (dadamo.com)
  • Card9 complexes are engaged upon fungal, bacterial, or viral recognition, and they are essential for host protection. (nih.gov)
  • Multiprotein scaffolds coordinate cell-specific and intracellular location-specific signaling mechanisms. (grantome.com)
  • Multiprotein complexes are key determinants of Golgi apparatus structure and its capacity for intracellular transport and glycoprotein modification. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several complexes have been identified, including the Golgi transport complex (GTC), the LDLC complex, which is involved in glycosylation reactions, and the SEC34 complex, which is involved in vesicular transport. (wikipedia.org)
  • These 3 complexes are identical and have been termed the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex, which includes COG7 (Ungar et al. (wikipedia.org)
  • Zinc does this by blocking RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) , the core enzyme of their multiprotein replication and transcription complex that is critical for the copying of viral RNA. (dadamo.com)
  • In a second example, the stoichiometry and internal topology of a highly symmetric, hetero-dodecameric aminopeptidase enzyme complex is revealed by SANS, and conclusions on the assembling process can be drawn in combination with EM data [3]. (lu.se)
  • The protean presentation of this disorder is related to dysfunction of nuclear pore complexes (NPC), despite apparently normal structure of these large multiprotein assemblies. (medscape.com)
  • The intracellular trafficking of autophagic vacuoles offers been proven to need microtubules (14) recommending that microtubule polymerization can be very important to autophagic movement. (cancer-pictures.org)
  • These findings show that the integrated approach holds vast promise to expand the current repertoire of multidomain protein complexes and can pave the way to important new developments in the area of targeted and combination cancer therapy. (uni-ulm.de)
  • Intracellular VWA domains and homologues in prokaryotes have recently been identified. (embl.de)
  • As it is very difficult to determine the specific impact of individual parameters in a complex biological system by a purely experimental approach, we interact with mathematicians using computational modelling. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • The surface of the living cells is decorated by a complex layer of glycosylated molecules that store relevant biological information. (nature.com)
  • [ 3 , 7 ] In patients with Allgrove syndrome, dermal fibroblasts have higher basal intracellular reactive oxygen species and are more sensitive to oxidative stress than wild-type fibroblasts. (medscape.com)
  • the phenotype is complex and all the clinical features are progressive, suggesting a degenerative process. (medscape.com)
  • Such putative mechanosensors incorporate mechnosensing ion channels, cell-substrate and cell-cell junctional complexes, and cytoskeleton-associated complexes. (lckinhibitor.com)