Intracellular labile. Medical search. Frequent questions

Typical intracellular labile iron concentrations in bacteria are 10-20 micromolar, though they can be 10-fold higher in anaerobic environment, where free radicals and reactive oxygen species are scarcer. (wikipedia.org)
Intracellular Fe2+ can react with hydrogen peroxide, thereby producing the hydroxyl radical, a reactive oxygen species (ROS). (openpr.com)
ECSIT is a protein with roles in early development, activation of the transcription factor NFB and production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) that facilitates clearance of intracellular bacteria like Salmonella. (qub.ac.uk)
Flow cytometric analysis showed that FC increased total and lipid reactive oxygen species as well as intracellular labile iron pool, which was paralleled by a decrease in glutathione and glutathione peroxidase 4 levels using ELISA, and expression of Nrf2, Keap1, and Xc- using immunoblotting. (ntnu.edu.tw)
Compared with MC and MT, MC-T micelles with 5 folds lower doses produce higher intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, comparable tumor growth inhibitions and animal survivals while indicating no hematologic and intestinal toxicities. (statsignals.com)

Ecognizes the A chain of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin, a pathogenic peptide that activates intracellular adenyl cyclase. (lsbio.com)

Moreover, HA conjugates of MC-T are linked with polylactide via acid-labile linkages and electrospun into short fibers (MC-T@SF) as an injectable depot to release MC-T in response to the acidic tumor microenvironment. (statsignals.com)
In particular, the nanoparticle possesses an unprotonated pH-responsive segment to serve as both a scaffold for acid-labile linkages of various moieties such as aldehyde-PEG and to transition from neutral to charged for disrupting endosomal membranes, and safely enhancing gene expression. (uky.edu)

Listeria monocytogenes , the facultative intracellular pathogen that causes listeriosis, is a common contaminant in ready-to-eat foods such as lunch meats and dairy products. (pressbooks.pub)

In mammalian cells, intracellular labile iron concentrations are typically smaller than 1 micromolar, less than 5 percent of total cellular iron. (wikipedia.org)
and data claim that the decreased enterotoxicity of the molecule in comparison to indigenous LT or the solitary mutant, LT(R192G), can be a rsulting consequence increased level of sensitivity to proteolysis and fast intracellular degradation in mammalian cells. (rawveronica.com)

PASMC proliferation in experimental PH was dependent on CREB-mediated transcriptional activity, and increases in intracellular labile zinc mediated by ZIP12 upregulation may have been linked to the reductions in phosphatases and the increases in transcriptional activity and PASMC proliferation. (researchsquare.com)
In summary, CREB pathway was overactivated in the development of PH and contributed to PASMC proliferation, which was associated with multiple protein kinases and/or reduced CREB phosphatases and raised intracellular zinc. (researchsquare.com)
Plasma zinc levels are therefore only around 1 μg/ml, equal to 0.1% of total body zinc, but are still the most important reservoir for zinc homeostasis, which requires "free" or "labile" zinc mobilization ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
Intracellular zinc is distributed in zinc-storing vesicles called zincosomes, the nucleus and other organelles. (frontiersin.org)
For instance, most labile zinc in the body is absorbed by intestinal epithelial cells via SLC39a4 protein, and excessive zinc is excreted through the kidneys, and the intestine via SLC39a5 ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)

E. coli Labile Toxin A chain antibody LS-C56175 is an unconjugated mouse monoclonal antibody to bacteria E. coli Labile Toxin A chain (C-Terminus). (lsbio.com)
Native, labile toxin. (lsbio.com)
We assessed the intestinal immunity in healthy adults in Belgium conferred by a co-formulation of IPV with the mucosal adjuvant double mutant Labile Toxin (dmLT) derived from Escherichia coli. (cdc.gov)

Even though the adjuvant properties from the heat-labile enterotoxins of (LT) and (CT) have already been known for a lot more than 20 years, you can find zero available oral vaccines containing these substances as adjuvants, because they're both extremely potent enterotoxins primarily. (rawveronica.com)

In response to elevated intracellular glutathione levels, the coordinate release of CPT and TOS-TPP from MC-T results in a combination index of 0.26 and the dose-reduction indexes of CPT and TOS are 7.7 and 3.4, respectively. (statsignals.com)

Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by intracellular immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis . (biolegend.com)

Lipid cell signaling and critical metabolic enzymes: Antibodies and lipid recognition proteins, assays & enzymes, intracellular lipid delivery systems, isoprenoids, lipid-protein interaction tools, lysophospolipid products, MEP pathway intermediates, phosphoinositides & derivatives, phospholipase substrates and sphingolipid products. (openpr.com)

The mobilization of nonlabile iron is accompanied by reductions in intracellular ferritin, consistent with the activation of regulated ferritin proteolysis. (illinois.edu)

The most critical of these proteins is the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5b (STAT5b), which couples GH binding to the activation of gene expression that leads to the intracellular effects of GH, including synthesis of IGF-I, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), and ALS. (medscape.com)

They are temperature-labile and must be stored at -80 °C. Unlike insect/bacterial cells, the intracellular environment of baker's yeast and human cells is similar. (oreilly.com)
We also show in FPN1-deficient primary macrophages derived from patients with ferroportin disease that hinokitiol moves labile iron from inside to outside cells and decreases intracellular ferritin levels. (illinois.edu)

By contrast, the intensity of tail fluorescence was similar in spermatozoa from different regions of the male reproductive tract and was largely unaffected by Triton X-100 extraction, consistent with an intracellular location. (edu.au)

Intracellular LT recognition by Traditional western blotting. (rawveronica.com)

Das N.K., Biswas S., Solanki S., and Mukhopadhyay C.K. Leishmania donovani depletes labile iron pool to exploit iron uptake capacity of macrophage for its intracellular growth. (jnu.ac.in)

In gene therapy, the cytotoxicity of many polycations is undesirable and has been attributed to nonspecific membrane destabilizing effects and intracellular polyplex-mediated toxicity. (uky.edu)
IGF-I deficiency can be the result of GH resistance or insensitivity due to genetic disorders of the GH receptor causing GH receptor deficiency (growth hormone receptor deficiency [GHRD], Laron syndrome) or postreceptor defects, including the principal transduction agent STAT5b, the IGF-I/IGFBP3 stabilizer acid labile subunit (ALS), the IGF-I gene, or the IGF-I receptor. (medscape.com)

ECSIT is also an important assembly factor for mitochondrial complex I. Unlike the murine form of Ecsit (mEcsit), we demonstrate here that human ECSIT (hECSIT) to be highly labile. (qub.ac.uk)

They are labile also in that their number may increase or decrease under controlled conditions. (rupress.org)

Pediatric patients who survived had higher levels of the chemokine regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted marker and lower levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, soluble intracellular adhesion molecule, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule than did pediatric patients who died. (cdc.gov)

However, some of the intracellular iron is bound to low-affinity complexes, and is termed labile iron or "free" iron. (wikipedia.org)

20 However, this highly bioavailable, double bonded cystine portion is very thermo-labile. (theamericanchiropractor.com)

they are ultimate, intracellular parasites, must depend on a living host for reproduction. (sru.edu)

However, some of the intracellular iron is bound to low-affinity complexes, and is termed labile iron or "free" iron. (wikipedia.org)

Typical intracellular labile iron concentrations in bacteria are 10-20 micromolar, though they can be 10-fold higher in anaerobic environment, where free radicals and reactive oxygen species are scarcer. (wikipedia.org)
However, the anticancer efficacy of ferroptosis is often hindered by the activation of nuclear factor erythrocyte 2-associated factor 2 (Nrf2), which is an indispensable regulator of the cellular antioxidant balance by preventing the accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). (bvsalud.org)

There are more than 50 different LSDs, which are characterized by lysosomal accumulation of undigested cargo from both intracellular and extracellular sources are delivered to the lysosome for degradation. (nih.gov)
Additionally stable linkers allow the maintenance of ADCs' extracellular stability (systemic and normal tissue compartments) and intracellular release (e.g., tumors) in the acid environment, the reducing environment and accessibility to deconjugation/release pathways, including lysosomal proteases. (adcreview.com)
The non-cleavable linkers require intracellular uptake and are not degraded by blood enzymes allowing very high degree of extracellular stability. (adcreview.com)
Furthermore, plasma membrane proteins and intracellular proteins can be released into the extracellular space by regulated or non-regulated processes. (cipsm.de)

AB toxins include Shiga toxin (ST) from Escherichia coli strains such as O157:H7, cholera toxin (CT) from Vibrio cholerae, heat-labile toxin (LT) from enterotoxigenic E. coli, diphtheria toxin (DT) from Corynebacterium diphtheriae, exotoxin A (ETA) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and ricin from the plant Ricinus communis. (usda.gov)
4-Hydroxyderricin is a heat labile bioactive chalcone isolated from the plant Angelica keiskei. (cipsm.de)

Danger signals, including LPS, induce intracellular iron sequestration in innate immune cells to withhold it from pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
There is a marked degree of diversity among bacterial species that are able to induce intracellular infections. (oncohemakey.com)

Molecular composition of cytosolic labile iron pool (LIP). (nih.gov)
Iron chaperone-mediated handling of cytosolic labile iron pool. (nih.gov)
Cytosolic increased labile Zn2+ contribu. (ogu.edu.tr)
Despite the general similarities in their host interactions, each AB toxin utilizes a distinct subset of surface receptors, intracellular trafficking/translocation mechanisms and cytosolic targets. (usda.gov)

Next, we discuss stimulus-responsive vehicles that can provide increased tumor-localized cellular uptake as well as intracellular drug release and subcellular accumulation. (medscape.com)
Intrinsic stimuli provide triggers to induce cellular uptake such as cleavage of stealth polymers by tumor proteases (A) and conformational changes in membrane-penetrating peptides in response to the low pH of tumor tissue (B) . Extrinsic triggers, such as heat, can be used to trigger multivalent ligand display (C) , enhancing the intracellular delivery of anticancer drug vehicles. (medscape.com)
CPPs are cationic, often arginine-rich, peptide sequences that promote receptor-independent intracellular uptake of a variety of conjugated payloads. (medscape.com)
To address this problem, strategies have been developed to unveil or unmask CPPs only within tumor tissue as a means to endow specificity to CPPs, such that they preferentially enhance the intracellular uptake of a drug or delivery vehicle by tumor cells and minimize off-target uptake by healthy tissue. (medscape.com)
ADCs are different from chemotherapeutic cytotoxic drugs (small molecule based cellular uptake mainly through diffusion) because they need tumor target binding and internalization for the intracellular delivery of the cytotoxic warheads. (adcreview.com)
Shortly after attachment, the EB secretes proteins into epithelial cells to promote their uptake (Clifton successfully avoids lysosomal fusion with the inclusion while selective interactions with other cellular compartments are managed to grant the bacteria access to essential nutrients and allow intracellular survival [(Valdivia, 2008, Saka & Valdivia, 2010) and recommendations therein]. (districsides.com)

18. pH-sensitive micelles based on acid-labile pluronic F68-curcumin conjugates for improved tumor intracellular drug delivery. (nih.gov)

In mammalian cells, intracellular labile iron concentrations are typically smaller than 1 micromolar, less than 5 percent of total cellular iron. (wikipedia.org)
More recently, we have used the genetic tractability of yeast to focus on the intracellular trafficking and distribution of iron cofactors in yeast and mammalian cells. (nih.gov)

This chapter focuses on infections by intracellular bacteria with emphasis on both pathogenicity and general immune mechanisms underlying protection. (oncohemakey.com)
Intracellular bacteria comprise numerous pathogens, some of which are of utmost medical importance. (oncohemakey.com)
Ancient (but still existent), as well as newly emerging, diseases are caused by intracellular bacteria, with tuberculosis (TB), typhoid, leprosy, and trachoma as the most relevant etiologically associated infections. (oncohemakey.com)
Intracellular bacteria live inside host cells for most of their lives. (oncohemakey.com)
therefore, intracellular bacteria generally lack toxicity. (oncohemakey.com)
Some intracellular bacteria, in particular Rickettsia , are introduced directly into the bloodstream by insect bites from where they have ready access to internal tissues. (oncohemakey.com)
Most intracellular bacteria, however, enter the host through the mucosa. (oncohemakey.com)
Subsequently, intracellular bacteria pass through the epithelial layers. (oncohemakey.com)

[ 56-58 ] In addition, the response of drug carriers to unique environmental stimuli presented by intracellular compartments can be exploited to ensure that the drug reaches its site of action. (medscape.com)

Other opportunistic pathogens with an intracellular lifestyle that are relevant for human health include Legionella pneumophila (Legionnaires disease) and Ehrlichia (ehrlichiosis). (oncohemakey.com)
This is of significant interest because CR3 acts as a receptor not only for the iC3b component of complement that opsonizes microorganisms, but also as a direct receptor for several intracellular pathogens, such as Histoplasma capsulatum and Leishmania species, and for ICAM-1, an important molecule involved in cell-cell interactions. (nih.gov)

Finally, we examine effects of both adaptive and innate immune mechanisms on long-term effects of intracellular bacterial infection. (oncohemakey.com)
Hairpin ribozymes catalyze a self-cleavage reaction that provides a simple model for quantitative analyses of intracellular mechanisms of RNA catalysis. (umassmed.edu)

Wavelength- and irradiance-dependent changes in intracellular nitric oxide level. (anti-agingfirewalls.com)

While natural DNA is typically highly labile due to PF-06250112 fast enzymatic cleavage in the extra- and intra-cellular environment, manufactured DNA conformations possess enhanced resistance to nucleases due to the limited packing of nucleic acids in their structure [19C21]. (bso14.org)
Given very limited intracellular distribution of ADCs ( typically less 1% of the injected dose) even with high target expression on tumors, it is imperative that translational approaches include those patients whose tumors have high expression of targeted antigens, at least during the expansion stage of Phase I trials at or near the MTD dose. (adcreview.com)

In situ polymerization on nanoscale metal-organic frameworks for enhanced physiological stability and stimulus-responsive intracellular drug delivery. (nih.gov)
An Albumin Sandwich Enhances in Vivo Circulation and Stability of Metabolically Labile Peptides. (nih.gov)

Cardiomyocyte hepcidin: From intracellular iron homeostasis to physiological function. (ox.ac.uk)

Decay rates of chimeric mRNAs containing self-cleaving ribozymes give a direct measure of intracellular cleavage kinetics in yeast. (umassmed.edu)

Intracellular ribozyme-mediated cleavage occurs at similar rates and shows similar inhibition by ribozyme mutations as ribozyme-mediated reactions in vitro, but only when ribozymes are located in a favorable mRNA sequence context. (umassmed.edu)
Surprisingly, cleavage products are no more labile than uncleaved mRNAs despite the loss of terminal cap structures or poly (A). (umassmed.edu)

Herein, we present a rational design of a Tf-targeted cascade nanoplatform TPM@AM based on mesoporous polydopamine (MPDA) co-encapsulating a ferroptosis inducer (artesunate, ART) and an Nrf2-specific inhibitor (ML385) to enhance intracellular ROS and therefore amplify ferrotherapy. (bvsalud.org)

PMID- 14427928 TI - [Application in hematology of the metachromatic reaction for histochemical research on intracellular asorbic acid]. (nih.gov)
PMID- 14427930 TI - [Metachromatic method for the staining of intracellular ascorbic acid]. (nih.gov)
Acid labile hydrazone linkers take the advantage of highly acidic compartment of tumors. (adcreview.com)

After intravenous administration, iron colloid particles are processed by phagocytes and iron ions are delivered to the lysosomes within the cell as part of the intracellular labile iron pool. (nih.gov)
Rather, asparagine starvation reduces the intracellular pool of labile iron, a key co-factor for the JHDMs to function. (biomed.news)
The labile iron pool as a rheostat for stem cell function. (einsteinmed.edu)

It has been suggested that generic iron complex formulations could have higher levels of labile iron, leading to the formation of a greater amount of non-transferrin bound iron (NTBI) in vivo than the reference listed drug (RLD) that would potentiate oxidative stress and inflammation, then resulting in direct cellular damage. (nih.gov)
They regulate cellular processes as diverse as protein biosynthesis and intracellular membrane trafficking. (embl-heidelberg.de)

Non-transf2242in bound Iron is taken up inappropriately by highly vascular organs such as the liver, heart, pancreas, leading to elevated levels of intracellular iron, with non-transferrinbound iron gaining intracellular access through iron permeases. (standardofcare.com)

Intracellular α-ketoglutarate is an indispensable substrate for the Jumonji family of histone demethylases (JHDMs) mediating most of the histone demethylation reactions. (biomed.news)

Characterization of superinduction reveals it is time and conncentration-dependent of CHX, requires the presence of an Mt1 inducer, and occurs at a transcriptional level, suggesting a labile repressor in the control of Mt1 induction. (cdc.gov)

This has direct consequences for the immune response evoked by the host attempting to resolve intracellular infection. (oncohemakey.com)
These antibodies direct their activity towards intracellular constituents. (statpearls.com)

The objectives of this study are to evaluate various in-vitro methods of determining labile iron in the parenteral iron complex formulations and develop a bio-relevant in-vitro method to predict the amount of NTBI in vivo. (nih.gov)

Each lot of this antibody is quality control tested by intracellular immunofluorescent staining with flow cytometric analysis . (biolegend.com)

We hope this chapter will stimulate an interest in intracellular infection and the unique immunologic insights it can provide. (oncohemakey.com)

In fact, acquired resistance against intracellular bacterial infections depends on activation of multiple arms of the immune system. (oncohemakey.com)

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs4

Phenomena and Processes1

Information Science1

Reactive5

Heat-labile ente1

Acid-labile linkages2

Facultative intracellular1

Mammalian cells2

Zinc5

Toxin3

Adjuvant1

Glutathione1

Antibody1

Lipid1

Proteolysis1

Proteins1

Cells2

Consistent1

Recognition1

Iron pool1

Gene2

Demonstrate1

Decrease1

Levels1

Free1

Highly1

Host1

Termed labile iron1

Reactive oxygen2

Extracellular4

Heat-labile2

Induce intracellular2

Cytosolic4

Uptake6

Tumor1

Mammalian2

Bacteria8

Compartments1

Pathogens2

Mechanisms2

Nitric1

Typically2

Stability2

Physiological1

Yeast1

Cleavage2

Inhibitor1

Acid3

Pool3

Cellular2

Bound1

Indispensable1

Occurs1

Direct2

Amount1

Control1

Unique1

Activation1