InnatePathogensMicroorganismsObligateHumoral and cell-mediatedOligomerization domain-like receptorsDegradation of intracellularProteinsCytokineBacteriaCellular immunityAutophagyInfectionInflammation and immunityReceptorsPlant ImmunityMacrophagesSusceptibilityExtracellularPathwaysInfectionsAcuteBehaviorMechanismsRegulationInfectOrganellesDifferentiationNeuroinflammatoryInflammatory responseMechanismCellCitationDiseasesInvestigateClinicalRoleRolesHostCellsStudiesPatients
Innate6
- Furthermore, Atgs proteins have non-autophagic functions essential for innate immunity against bacteria (Figure 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular proteins involved in innate-driven inflammatory responses. (unige.ch)
- Many microorganisms are repelled at this stage by innate immunity . (nih.gov)
- To cite this article: Martin SF, Esser PR, Weber FC, Jakob T, Freudenberg MA, Schmidt M, Goebeler M. Mechanisms of chemical-induced innate immunity in allergic contact dermatitis. (cdc.gov)
- Contact allergen-induced innate immunity contrast to irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), which evolves emollients may help reduce irritancy and stabilize the barrier as a consequence of direct toxic effects of physical or chemi- function of the skin avoiding the penetration of contact aller- cal agents resulting in keratinocyte damage and local inflam- gens. (cdc.gov)
- As a first line of defense against pathogens and a mediator between innate and adaptive immunity, complement is a particular focus of evasion strategies developed by pathogens. (lu.se)
Pathogens5
- People with T cell deficiencies are particularly susceptible to intracellular pathogens. (wikipedia.org)
- These intracellular AdNs are signaling molecules that transduce incoming signals into meaningful cellular responses, e.g. activation of immune responses against pathogens. (silverchair.com)
- The autophagy machinery targets intracellular pathogens for degradation, modulates inflammation, and participates in adaptive immune responses ( 3 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
- This mechanismcontributes to nutritional immunity against intracellular pathogens by depleting the phagosomal environment ofessential metal cofactors. (usda.gov)
- Mouse macrophages expressing mutant Slc11a1 are functionally compromised incontrol of several intracellular pathogens, including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium).Further, human polymorphisms in SLC11A1 are associated with susceptibility to both autoimmune and infectiousdisease. (usda.gov)
Microorganisms3
- Macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy, is a lysosomal degradative process that participates in cellular homeostasis by enabling the removal of defective organelles, protein aggregates, or intracellular microorganisms ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
- It is thought to be involved in many physiological and pathophysiological processes, including antiaging mechanisms, differentiation and development, immunity, and elimination of microorganisms [ 9 - 13 ]. (ijpsonline.com)
- Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) is profiled to take care of intracellular microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria. (who.int)
Obligate5
- There are two main types of intracellular parasites: Facultative and Obligate. (wikipedia.org)
- Obligate intracellular parasites, on the other hand, need a host cell to live and reproduce. (wikipedia.org)
- Cryptococcus neoformans Blastomyces dermatitidis Obligate intracellular parasites cannot reproduce outside their host cell, meaning that the parasite's reproduction is entirely reliant on intracellular resources. (wikipedia.org)
- Obligate intracellular parasites of humans include: Viruses Certain bacteria, including: Chlamydia, and closely related species. (wikipedia.org)
- These forms are obligate, intracellular, non-motile, and about 2.5 to 7 microns in diameter. (aafp.org)
Humoral and cell-mediated1
Oligomerization domain-like receptors1
- Pattern recognition receptors including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TLR2 and intracellular nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors are partially responsible for mediating the inflammatory consequences. (cdc.gov)
Degradation of intracellular2
- One of the most studied is probably xenophagy, the selective capture and degradation of intracellular bacteria by lysosomes. (frontiersin.org)
- Autophagy, the type II cell death, is a physiological mechanism involving degradation of intracellular damaged proteins and organelles into membrane vacuoles. (ijpsonline.com)
Proteins3
- Glycans, either alone or complexed with glycan-binding proteins, can deliver intracellular signals or control extracellular processes that promote initiation, execution and resolution of cell death programs. (nature.com)
- We observed the proteins internalization within macrophages and their capacity to eradicate the intracellular mycobacterial infection at a low micro-molar range. (frontiersin.org)
- The basis of specific immunity lies in the capacity of immune cells to distinguish between proteins produced by the body's own cells ("self" antigen -those of the original organism), and proteins produced by invaders or cells under control of a virus ("non-self" antigen-or what is not recognized as the original organism). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Cytokine1
- Such information is mediated immunity, secreting the cytokine crucial to determine the optimal approach interferon-gamma (IFN) that inhibits Th2 to improve the immune response of DN cell differentiation. (who.int)
Bacteria1
- In contrast these mice poorly develop organized granulomas in response to infection by intracellular bacteria. (univ-mrs.fr)
Cellular immunity1
Autophagy4
- Intracellular lectins and glycan-modifying enzymes mediate autophagy and control host immunity and inflammation. (nature.com)
- In addition to its role in cellular homeostasis, autophagy is essential to immunity. (frontiersin.org)
- To investigate the mechanism of action of herb-partitioned moxibustion on CD from the perspective of autophagy and immunity. (hindawi.com)
- Autophagy is a process of intracellular catabolism. (hindawi.com)
Infection3
- The overarching goal of my research is to uncover new ways to understand infection and immunity and to rapidly develop and distribute vaccines and therapeutics to improve global health. (ccf.org)
- Chapter 2 also discusses how NK cells are activated in response to intracellular infections, and how a local inflammatory response and induced cytokines and chemokines can bring more effector cells and molecules to the site of an infection while preventing pathogen spread into the blood. (nih.gov)
- In the event of an outbreak of measles or chickenpox, it can have life-threatening consequences in patients with impaired immunity, such as disseminated cutaneous infection, pneumonia and meningitis. (who.int)
Inflammation and immunity2
- 3) therapeutic/vaccine development and stabilization, and (4) inflammation and immunity (host-pathogen standoff, programmed cell death, immune atlas of pregnancy and inflammation). (ccf.org)
- Inflammation and immunity are key factors for the development and complications of atherosclerosis, and therefore, the whole atherosclerotic process is a target for diagnosis and treatment. (hindawi.com)
Receptors1
- Card9 signaling also responds to intracellular danger sensors, such as retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) and nucleotide-oligomerization domain (Nod)2. (nih.gov)
Plant Immunity3
- The precise contribution of defence metabolites to plant immunity is often unclear and the genetics underlying their biosynthesis is complex. (elifesciences.org)
- Here, we identified a wild relative of potato, Solanum commersonii , that provides us with unique insight in the role of glycoalkaloids in plant immunity. (elifesciences.org)
- A wide range of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial or anti-insect properties has been identified in diverse plant species ( 25 - 27 ), suggesting that secondary metabolites can play a direct role in plant immunity. (elifesciences.org)
Macrophages4
- Moreover, intracellular AdNs derived from ATP or NAD play important roles in many cells of the immune system, including T lymphocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and others. (silverchair.com)
- Mtb is an intracellular pathogen able to survive indefinitely under unfavorable conditions inside primary host immune cells, preferably residing in human alveolar macrophages ( 5 , 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Despite the antimicrobial activity of macrophages, Mtb has been able to establish a series of strategies to handle the host immune machinery, interfere with, and arrest the phagosome maturation, counteract mycobactericidal molecules and ultimately survive in a hostile intracellular environment ( 8 - 10 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Cell-mediated immunity (CMI) includes cell types such as macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, B lymphocytes and T lymphocytes. (who.int)
Susceptibility1
- The interactions of genetic susceptibility, immunity, and environmental factors are important in the pathogenesis of CD. (hindawi.com)
Extracellular1
- What is the precise role of intracellular and extracellular galectins in the control of cell death programs? (nature.com)
Pathways1
- Shared alterations in the immune system include T cell memory inflation, upregulation of intracellular signaling pathways of inflammation, and diminished sensitivity to cytokines in lymphocytes and myeloid cells. (sciencedaily.com)
Infections1
- At this point it's clear that both aging and chronic viral infections leave profound and indelible marks on immunity. (sciencedaily.com)
Acute1
- Inflammation and exercise: Inhibition of monocytic intracellular TNF production by acute exercise via b 2 -adrenergic activation. (acefitness.org)
Mechanisms4
- The major objective of the studies has been to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying induction of immunity. (dtic.mil)
- The current project titled Regulation of lipid-mediated immunity in the intestine aimed to explore the mechanisms regulating lipid-mediated immunity in the intestine. (europa.eu)
- Taking this into consideration, this project has focussed in understanding the mechanisms controlling lipid-mediated immunity by examining the ILC-NKT cell crosstalk. (europa.eu)
- As mentioned above, the project aimed to investigate the mechanisms regulating lipid-mediated immunity in the intestinal mucosa by examining the crosstalk between ILCs and NKT cells. (europa.eu)
Regulation1
Infect1
- This is because most intracellular parasites are able to infect only a few different cell types. (wikipedia.org)
Organelles1
- It is a common mechanism that exists in the development and aging of organisms to eliminate redundant or damaged intracellular organelles. (hindawi.com)
Differentiation1
- A key molecule in this immune pathway is the intracellular TLR signal adaptor known as myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88). (jci.org)
Neuroinflammatory3
- I am also actively researching the role of the immunity in cancer and neuroinflammatory diseases. (edu.au)
- Therefore, we wonder whether there is an interplay between the neuroinflammatory system, neuronal and synaptic alterations, and intracellular Aβ in the earliest stages of the disease. (lu.se)
- This includes looking at the prion-like spread and properties of intracellular Aβ, identifying sex-specific effects of early-life stress on inflammatory systems as well as neurons and Aβ, and investigating the interaction between neuroinflammatory cells and early aggregated Aβ. (lu.se)
Inflammatory response1
Mechanism1
- To study the mechanism that intracellular parasites use to obtain nutrients, Legionella pneumophila, a facultative intracellular parasite, has been used as a model. (wikipedia.org)
Cell7
- citation needed] When an intracellular parasite goes to enter a host cell, it is particular about the type of host cell. (wikipedia.org)
- Not all intracellular parasites will enter a cell the same way. (wikipedia.org)
- This parasite will attach itself to the host cell while increasing the intracellular calcium, which in turn disrupts the actin at the site of attachment, causing the host cell to create a lysosomal-barrier around the disruption. (wikipedia.org)
- Other intracellular parasites have developed different ways to enter a host cell that do not require a specific component or action from within the host cell. (wikipedia.org)
- Histoplasma species may remain latent in healed granulomas and recur, resulting in cell-mediated immunity impairment. (medscape.com)
- Fruit Stem Cell Complex and probiotic microflora calm irritation and stimulate cell turnover for improved dermal immunity. (vitacost.com)
- Studies on cell-mediated immunity to varicella and measles are scarce and need further evaluation. (who.int)
Citation1
- citation needed] Facultative intracellular parasites are capable of living and reproducing in or outside of host cells. (wikipedia.org)
Diseases1
Investigate1
- We investigate the intracellular replication of Flaviviruses, Noroviruses and now Coronaviruses, to understand how replication influences cellular functions and immune dysfunction. (edu.au)
Clinical1
Role2
Roles1
- Adenine nucleotides (AdNs) play important roles in immunity and inflammation. (silverchair.com)
Host3
- Intracellular parasites are microparasites that are capable of growing and reproducing inside the cells of a host. (wikipedia.org)
- The entrance of these host cells will differ between intracellular parasites. (wikipedia.org)
- The majority of intracellular parasites must keep host cells alive as long as possible while they are reproducing and growing. (wikipedia.org)
Cells2
- How do C-type lectins tailor adaptive immunity following phagocytosis of apoptotic cells? (nature.com)
- The sites of synthesis and intracellular transport of immunoglobulin in plasma cells was elucidated. (dtic.mil)
Studies1
Patients4
- La réanimation agressive, la prise en charge nutritionnelle, l'excision chirur- gicale complète des plaies infectées, la fermeture rapide des plaies, les greffes et la mise au point d'une chimiothérapie locale et systémique efficace ont permis d'améliorer grandement le taux de morbidité et de mortalité chez les patients brûlés. (who.int)
- A study of immunity for chickenpox and measles in childhood cancer patients. (who.int)
- Les IFN et les IL-10 étaient signi cativement élevés chez ceux qui présentaient une néphropathie diabétique (ND) et une maladie rénale en phase terminale (MRPT) par rapport aux témoins et aux patients diabétiques sans ND. (who.int)
- stage renal disease (ESRD) [ 2 ] and with impaired immunity in HD patients [ 3 ]. (who.int)