Intracellular antibody-mediated degradation (IAMD) is a neutralization mechanism of intracellular antibody-mediated immunity whereby an effector protein, TRIM21, directs antibody bound virions to the proteasome where they are degraded. (wikipedia.org)
The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is responsible for most eukaryotic intracellular protein degradation. (biomedcentral.com)
Previous reports have established that UPP modulates intracellular protein degradation. (dana-farber.org)
Because cancer cells proliferate more than normal cells, the rate of protein translation and degradation is also higher in cancer cells. (dana-farber.org)
Huntington's disease (HD) is one of nine diseases caused by an expanded polyQ repeat within the affected protein and is hallmarked by intracellular inclusion bodies composed of aggregated N-terminal huntingtin (Htt) fragments and other sequestered proteins. (nih.gov)
Ubiquitination of proteins can be a signal for degradation and intracellular localization, but also affects protein activity and protein-protein interactions. (nih.gov)
Macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy, is a lysosomal degradative process that participates in cellular homeostasis by enabling the removal of defective organelles, protein aggregates, or intracellular microorganisms ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
p62/Sequestosome 1 (p62) is a stress-induced protein that is involved in several different intracellular pathways, including regulation of aspects of protein degradation. (molvis.org)
Cellular stresses and abnormalities of protein and organelle degradation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cataracts of many different etiologies. (molvis.org)
Redistribution assay technology relies on the imaging and quantification of intracellular protein translocation. (genengnews.com)
Are there multiple proteolytic pathways contributing to c-Fos, c-Jun and p53 protein degradation in vivo? (cnrs.fr)
An intracellular ribonucleolytic protein complex that participates in POSTRANSCRIPTIONAL RNA PROCESSING and RNA DEGRADATION. (bvsalud.org)
Unnatural Amino Acid Engineering for Intracellular Delivery of Protein Therapeutics. (bvsalud.org)
Lysosomal degradation5
Autophagy is a conserved catabolic process that eliminates dysfunctional cytosolic biomolecules through vacuole-mediated sequestration and lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process that eliminates damaged cell organelles, unfolded proteins, and various intracellular pathogens through lysosomal degradation. (hindawi.com)
Autophagy is a well-conserved lysosomal degradation pathway that plays key roles in bacterial infections. (frontiersin.org)
(A) xenophagy: selective capture and lysosomal degradation of cytosolic and vacuolar pathogens. (frontiersin.org)
Defective autophagy and lysosomal degradation are hallmarks of numerous neurodegenerative disorders. (fu-berlin.de)
Autophagy3
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved cellular degradation pathway involving the digestion of intracellular components via the lysosomal pathway. (mdpi.com)
In general, autophagy degrades long-lived damaged intracellular proteins, in contrast to the ubiquitin-proteasome system, which controls the degradation of short-lived proteins [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
The autophagy machinery targets intracellular pathogens for degradation, modulates inflammation, and participates in adaptive immune responses ( 3 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Pathogens1
It also acts as a cellular defense mechanism against microorganisms by contributing to both the innate and adaptive immunity, and by eliminating intracellular pathogens (xenophagy). (mdpi.com)
Pathway2
Along the same lines, p53 is mostly degraded following the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway and calpains also seem to participate in its degradation. (cnrs.fr)
This pathway plays a prominent role in inter- and intracellular communication and subversion can lead to cancer, fibrosis vascular disorders, and immune diseases. (lu.se)
Pathways2
Specifically, the multi-enzyme protease 26S proteasome degrades misfolded or redundant proteins, while blockade of the proteasomal degradation pathways results in the accumulation of unwanted proteins and cell death. (dana-farber.org)
Several catabolic pathways contribute to their degradation in vivo. (cnrs.fr)
Vesicular2
In fundamental cell biological processes such as signal transduction, enzymatic activity or intracellular fusion during vesicular transport, a large number of proteins are recruited to and released from the cytoplasmic surface of intracellular membranes (Casey et al. (biologists.com)
Vesicular ATPases are intracellular proton pumps that acidify autophagosomes and lysosomes. (fu-berlin.de)
Proteins2
Turnover of several regulatory proteins results from targeted destruction via ubiquitination and subsequent degradation through the proteosome. (biomedcentral.com)
After the degradation of damaged proteins and lipids, amino acids and fatty acids are released into the cytoplasm and recycled for new biosynthesis of cellular components or energy production [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
Extracellular6
Unlike extracellular humoral immune responses, this intracellular mechanism is expressed in most human tissues and is an example of encapsulating immunity as opposed to mere immune surveillance. (wikipedia.org)
Intracellular nitrate concentrations exceeded extracellular concentrations by three orders of magnitude. (frontiersin.org)
IL-37, a newly found anti-inflammatory cytokine of the IL-1 family, has both extracellular and intracellular functions. (nature.com)
Intracellular mature form of IL-37, but not its extracellular form, markedly inhibited migration of multiple kinds of tumor cells through inhibiting Rac1 activation. (nature.com)
Furthermore, in the presence of IFN no increased degradation or increased uptake of extracellular apo E was detected. (jci.org)
Pulse-chase experiments indicated that IFN reduced the accumulation of extracellular apo E and increased the degradation of intracellular apo E. The inhibitory effect of IFN on apo E production also was observed in human monocyte-derived macrophages. (jci.org)
Transfection2
For nucleic acids, they essentially protect it from degradation and aid in intracellular transfection. (umass.edu)
2011). Imidazole-grafted chitosan-mediated gene delivery: In vitro study on transfection, intracellular trafficking and degradation . (up.pt)
Aggregates3
Since some of the aggregate-forming diatom species store nitrate intracellularly, we explored the fate of intracellular nitrate and its availability for microbial metabolism within anoxic diatom-bacteria aggregates. (frontiersin.org)
Intracellular nitrate was used up within 2-3 days after shifting diatom-bacteria aggregates to dark and anoxic conditions. (frontiersin.org)
Additionally, it may be expected that intracellular nitrate not converted before the aggregates have settled onto the seafloor could fuel benthic nitrogen transformations. (frontiersin.org)
Proteasome1
Mechanistically, we demonstrated that WSG induced degradation of TGFβ and EGF receptors via proteasome and lysosome, respectively. (greenmedinfo.com)
Receptors1
Enhanced expression of RNase L as a novel intracellular signal generated by NMDA receptors in mouse cortical neurons. (nih.gov)
Phosphorylation1
WSG also inhibited phosphorylation of multiple intracellular signaling molecules such as FAK, AKT andSmad2. (greenmedinfo.com)
Lysosomes1
One of the most studied is probably xenophagy, the selective capture and degradation of intracellular bacteria by lysosomes. (frontiersin.org)
Mechanistically1
Mechanistically, intracellular mature IL-37 directly bound to the CAAX motif in the C-terminal hypervariable region of Rac1, and then inhibited Rac1 membrane translocation and subsequent downstream signaling. (nature.com)
Mechanism4
However, the mechanism and its intracellular target are unclear. (nature.com)
Moreover, we uncovered a novel mechanism by which IL-37 suppressed tumor cell migration via its intracellular mature form (amino acids 46-218). (nature.com)
Together these two reports suggest that a neuronal V0a1-dependent degradation mechanism may be causally linked to Alzheimer pathology. (fu-berlin.de)
Furthermore, we discuss the potential significance of the discovery of the neuron-specific degradation mechanism in Drosophila for intracellular degradation defects in Alzheimer Disease. (fu-berlin.de)
Bacterial1
Thirty-one percent of the diatom-derived nitrate was converted to nitrogen gas, indicating that a substantial fraction of the intracellular nitrate pool of S. marinoi becomes available to the aggregate-associated bacterial community. (frontiersin.org)
Homeostasis1
At physiological levels, ROS can improve cellular activities as they are involved in the control of the chemical balance and synaptic plasticity [ 4 ], whereas an excess amount of ROS can damage the endothelium, leading to alteration of the intracellular reduction-oxidation homeostasis [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)
Degrades1
The fully functional autolysosome then degrades the autolysosomal cargo and releases the degradation products into the cytosol for recycling. (hindawi.com)
Processes1
Studying the ubiquitination pattern of aggregated Htt fragments offers an important possibility to understand Htt degradation and aggregation processes within the cell. (nih.gov)
Membrane1
We describe morphologic features of coronavirus that distinguish it from subcellular structures, including particle size range (60-140 nm), intracellular particle location within membrane-bound vacuoles, and a nucleocapsid appearing in cross section as dense dots (6-12 nm) within the particles. (cdc.gov)
Roles1
Given the crucial roles of Rac1 in tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, intracellular mature IL-37 might serve as a potential strategy for the control of Rac1 activity and tumor progression. (nature.com)
Cells2
Stable 15 N isotope incubations under dark and anoxic conditions revealed that axenic S. marinoi is able to reduce intracellular nitrate to ammonium that is immediately excreted by the cells. (frontiersin.org)
Cells can be produced en masse, treated to become irreversibly division-arrested, and cryopreserved. (genengnews.com)
Research2
This Notice of Funding Opportunity (NOFO) encourages research on the biology of high-confidence risk factors associated with complex brain disorders, with a focus on the intracellular, transcellular, and circuit substrates of neural function. (nih.gov)
While behavioral paradigms and outcome measures can be incorporated into the research design to facilitate the characterization of intracellular, transcellular, and circuit mechanisms, these are neither required nor expected. (nih.gov)
Cell1
This results in intracellular storage of excess sialyloligosaccharides and is histologically observed as abnormal vacuolization of various cell types. (medscape.com)
Critical2
The timely and irreversible degradation of critical regulators is. (biomedcentral.com)
S1P's availability is controlled by the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR), which acts as a critical bottleneck for intracellular S1P degradation. (lu.se)
Activation1
Moreover, c-Fos, c-Jun and p53 turnovers are regulated upon activation of intracellular signalling cascades. (cnrs.fr)
Functions1
While ROS-dependent modifications are fundamental in transducing intracellular signals controlling pleiotropic functions, imbalanced ROS can cause oxidative damage, eventually leading to many chronic diseases. (hindawi.com)
Human1
Intracellular transport of human lysosomal alpha-mannosidase and alpha-mannosidosis-related mutants. (medlineplus.gov)
Normal1
In sialidosis, the deficiency of lysosomal alpha- N -acetyl neuraminidase prevents the normal degradation of glycoproteins containing sialic acid residues. (medscape.com)