Intracellular cytoplasmic protein cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Furthermore, the deleterious aftereffect of missense mutations can occur not merely from immediate disruption of CAPN3 function(s), but additionally from disruption from the protein's structural integrity, that could affect its intra or intermolecular protein lead and interactions to decreased stability or altered localization. (exposed-skin-care.net)
We found that heat shock cognate protein 70 (Hsc70) interacts with both p57 and p27 and that the subcellular localization of Hsc70 was critical to maintain HSC cell cycle kinetics. (elsevierpure.com)
Taken together, these data suggest that regulation of cytoplasmic localization of Hsc70/cyclin D1 complex by p57 and p27 is a key intracellular mechanism in controlling HSC dormancy. (elsevierpure.com)
Disturbing E1B-55 kDa self-association by point mutations at residues 285/286 or 307 not only impairs its intracellular localization to the cytoplasmic clusters, but in addition its association with p53. (uni-goettingen.de)
Like SRC, it contains amino terminal SH3 and SH2 domains, but PTK6 is not palmitoylated or myristoylated and displays flexibility in its intracellular localization [ 1 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Recently, PTK6 intracellular localization has been highlighted as an important regulator of its signaling in the prostate [ 6 ]. (oncotarget.com)
PTK6 is expressed in normal prostate epithelial cells where it is largely localized to the nuclei, but in prostate cancers PTK6 nuclear localization is lost [ 7 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Tudor-related proteins TDRD1/MTR-1, TDRD6 and TDRD7/TRAP: domain composition, intracellular localization, and function in male germ cells in mice. (shengsci.com)
Desk2) 2 suggesting that overexpressed TIA1 is normally mixed up in development and development of ESCC through cytoplasmic localization. (mdm-inhibitors.com)

Integration of intracellular metabolic states with extracellular signals leads to proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, or quiescence. (janechin.net)
The power of the thiol proteinases to cleave a multitude of substrates in response to calcium mineral activation allows their involvement in a variety of cell processes offering cell motility, sign transduction, apoptosis, cell differentiation and legislation of the cytoskeleton (3). (exposed-skin-care.net)
These potent effects are driven by curcumin's ability to induce G2/M cell cycle arrest, induce autophagy, activate apoptosis, disrupt molecular signaling, inhibit invasion and metastasis, and increase the efficacy of current chemotherapeutics. (hindawi.com)
Ultrastructural features of fetal erythroid precursors infected with parvovirus B19 in vitro: evidence of cell death by apoptosis. (ox.ac.uk)
Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured using CCK8, EdU staining, flow cytometry, and TUNEL assays. (biomedcentral.com)
P53 is at the center of the control systems that mediate the response to DNA damage, leading to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis. (uni-goettingen.de)
Cell death and stem cells: apoptosis, necrosis, embryonic stem cells, bone marrow stem cells. (pmf.hr)
14. To describe mayor signs of controlled cell death (apoptosis). (pmf.hr)
Cells are also programmed for death at the genetic level as a response to DNA damages through the process of apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Cell division, proliferation, and apoptosis and death are integral parts of life. (bdbiosciences.com)
The balance of cell proliferation and apoptosis is important for both development and normal tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Apoptosis is an organized process that signals cells to self-destruct for cell renewal or to control aberrant cell growth. (bdbiosciences.com)
As cells become damaged or are no longer needed, they undergo apoptosis or programmed cell death, a normal physiological process that occurs during embryonic development and tissue homeostasis. (bdbiosciences.com)
Apoptosis controls the orderly death of damaged cells, whereas necrosis occurs as a result of tissue damage, causing the loss of both damaged and surrounding cells. (bdbiosciences.com)
Methods for detecting apoptosis or dead cells (viability) by cell preparation type. (bdbiosciences.com)
However, some cell types do not display characteristic features of apoptosis. (bdbiosciences.com)
In those cases, multiple aspects of apoptosis might need to be analyzed to confirm the mechanism of cell death. (bdbiosciences.com)
These results suggest that TIA1 silencing in ESCC cells contributes to cell cycle arrest in the G1-S checkpoint and the induction of apoptosis. (mdm-inhibitors.com)

However, unlike FMRP, 82-FIP is found in both nucleus and cytoplasm in some neurons, while it appears only cytoplasmic in others. (unipv.it)
A third, more recent research focus has been on endosymbiotic bacteria that manipulate their eukaryotic hosts by secreting enzymes, including ubiquitin-specific proteases, into the host cell cytoplasm. (yale.edu)
These include changes in the plasma membrane (such as loss of membrane symmetry and loss of membrane attachment), a condensation of the cytoplasm and nucleus, protein cleavage, and internucleosomal cleavage of DNA. (bdbiosciences.com)

An obvious requirement for the stringent control of cell cycle progression is the prevention of deregulated proliferation - loss of control may result in tumors and cancers. (janechin.net)
Cell cycle regulators play critical roles in the balance between hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) dormancy and proliferation. (elsevierpure.com)
Antineoplastic agents inhibit cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
Platinum compounds inhibit cell growth and proliferation. (medscape.com)
The proliferation of effector T cells such as cytotoxic T cells and the production of cytokines are highly dependent on glycolysis, and therefore become inactive under conditions of low glucose levels and high lactic acid concentrations. (medicaltrend.org)
Cell proliferation is an increase in the number of cells as a result of growth and division. (bdbiosciences.com)
A number of techniques are used to assess cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Using analogs to these nucleosides provides a way to measure cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Several cell cycle-associated proteins, such as Ki-67, are also used as indicators of cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
Fluorescent or nonfluorescent cytoplasmic proliferation dyes can also be used as a measure cell proliferation. (bdbiosciences.com)
BD Biosciences offers BD Horizon™ Violet Proliferation Dye 450 and BD Horizon™ CFSE for the detection of cell proliferation with the violet laser and blue laser, respectively, which facilitates the use of larger panels. (bdbiosciences.com)
Instead ErbB3 silencing or nucleolar stress reduce cell proliferation and affect cell cycle progression. (biomedcentral.com)
These data point to the existence of an ErbB3-mediated non canonical pathway that glioblastoma cells use to control ribosomes synthesis and cell proliferation. (biomedcentral.com)
Nucleolar activity is also influenced by the interaction between pathways activated from extracellular signals in order to coordinate ribosome synthesis and cell proliferation [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Number 2 Subcellular distribution of the TIA1 isoforms Involvement of TIA1 in ESCC cell proliferation To gain insight into the potential function Lidocaine (Alphacaine) of TIA1 whose overexpression could be associated with esophageal carcinogenesis we 1st tested the effects of small interfering RNA (siRNA) focusing on TIA1 on cell proliferation. (mdm-inhibitors.com)
By silencing endogenous TIA1 using three different siRNAs cell proliferation was significantly suppressed in KYSE140 KYSE180 and TE4 cells. (mdm-inhibitors.com)
Number 3 Effects of TIA1 knockdown on cell proliferation We next launched a TIA1[v1]- or TIA1[v2]-expressing retrovirus into KYSE190 and KYSE2270 cells expressing relatively lower levels of endogenous TIA1 to determine the effects of exogenously indicated TIA1 isoforms. (mdm-inhibitors.com)

SIRT1 is localized in the nucleus and can deacetylate numerous proteins such as tumor suppressor protein (p53), Ku70, NF-κB, and forkhead proteins which modulate genes that control cellular stress resistance ( Smith, 2002 ). (frontiersin.org)
patients with type E (AD) tumor had higher incidence of nodal metastasis at MGCD0103 cell line TGF-beta inhibitor mediastinal lymph node than did patients in tumor groups, and all mediastinal positive nodes existed in lower mediastinal area. (hsdpathway.com)
Cell adhesion molecule-1 (CADM1) is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that functions as a tumor suppressor of lung tumors. (cancerindex.org)
5-FU inhibits tumor cell growth through at least 3 different mechanisms that ultimately disrupt DNA synthesis or cellular viability. (medscape.com)
Importantly, circRNAs usually bind miRNAs to modulate the levels of downstream proteins, acting as competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) and participating in tumor progression [ 11 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
For instance, the biogenesis of circRNA GGNBP2 (cGGNBP2) was mediated by IL-6/STAT3 pathway activation, and IL-6/cGGNBP2-184aa (a protein encoded by cGGNBP2)/STAT3 formed a positive feedback loop to promote tumor progression for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
Tumor microenvironment (TME) accelerates the metabolism of tumor cells and cancer-related fibroblasts to form an immune environment that promotes tumor growth. (medicaltrend.org)
The tumor tissue exhausts local energy, forcing neighboring immune cells to process high-concentration metabolites such as lactic acid in the absence of nutrients, leading to immunosuppression and tumor growth. (medicaltrend.org)
in the same model, natural killer (NK) cells in tumor tissue depleted by LDHA show higher killing activity, indicating LDH activity The increase in tumor immune escape by suppressing the function of immune cells. (medicaltrend.org)
The adenovirus type 5 E1B-55 kDa oncoprotein has several known functions during the viral life cycle, but it is mostly known for its ability to bind and inactivate the tumor suppressor p53. (uni-goettingen.de)
Protein Tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6/BRK) is overexpressed in the majority of human breast tumors and breast tumor cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
PTK6 was identified in human metastatic breast cancer [ 2 ], and is overexpressed in the majority of human breast cancers and in most breast tumor cell lines [ 3 - 5 ]. (oncotarget.com)
Tumor suppressors, oncogenes and alternatively deregulated upstream signalling pathways can directly influence the RNA polymerase I activity inducing hyper activation of rRNA transcription in cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Similarly both non-tumor and tumor cells of main ESCC predominantly indicated mRNA and the mRNA manifestation levels in tumors were higher than in ANGPT1 those in combined non-tumor cells in 3/6 (50%) of ESCC instances whose RNA was available (Supplementary Number S3B). (mdm-inhibitors.com)
It may also function in M PHASE CELL CYCLE CHECKPOINTS and as an enhancer of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEIN P53-mediated transcriptional activation. (bvsalud.org)
Interleukin (IL)-9-producing subset called Th9 cell, Th22 cells which primarily secrete IL-22, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor- and Th25 cells via producing IL-25 are believed to be important for initiating allergic reactions and developing airway inflammation. (cdc.gov)

The platinum complex also can bind to nucleus and cytoplasmic protein. (medscape.com)

In this review, we discuss the recent advances in our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie Ehrlichia host cellular reprogramming strategies that enable intracellular survival. (frontiersin.org)
Despite its small genome and limited number of effector proteins, Ehrlichia efficiently establishes an intracellular infection and avoids immune defenses in vertebrate and invertebrate hosts through complex molecular and cellular reprogramming strategies. (frontiersin.org)
The mammalian cell cycle typically completes in 24 hours, where dramatic changes occur in cellular metabolism and cytoskeletal physiology. (janechin.net)
Restriction points receive signals from central- and peripheral cellular networks to determine subsequent cell fate. (janechin.net)
Factors mandating cellular consequence include cell surface-receptors, cytoplasmic proteins, and nuclear proteins. (janechin.net)
The mammalian cell is furnished with receptors linked to interactive series of cytoplasmic networks for controlling cellular processes. (janechin.net)
We have revealed the design principles and functions of "pH sensors" described as endogenous proteins regulated within the cellular pH range, including guanine nucleotide exchange factors regulating cell polarity (Frantz et al. (ucsf.edu)
The cellular prion protein (PrPc) is a glycolipid-anchored, cell surface protein of unknown function, a posttranslationally modified isoform of which PrPSc is involved in the pathogenesis of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, scrapie, and other spongiform encephalopathies. (rupress.org)
4. To explain and to differentiate processes of protein incorporation into various cellular compartments. (pmf.hr)
The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
universal mechanisms of cellular regulation, involving the same small set of cell-signaling mechanisms. (vdocuments.net)
cellular protein, typically at the cell's surface. (vdocuments.net)
The G protein then binds with another membrane protein, often an enzyme, altering its activity and leading to a cellular response. (vdocuments.net)
Pack LR, Daigh LH, Meyer T. Putting the brakes on the cell cycle: mechanisms of cellular growth arrest. (bdbiosciences.com)
Protein tyrosine (pTyr) phosphorylation is a common post-translational modification which can create novel recognition motifs for protein interactions and cellular localisation, affect protein stability, and regulate enzyme activity. (embl.de)
Consequently, maintaining an appropriate level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for many cellular functions. (embl.de)
Testing of IgG autoantibodies to human cellular antigens was performed by the HEp-2 cell immunofluorescence assay using slides from INOVA Diagnostics, San Diego, CA (Cat # 508100) following the manufacturer's instructions and evaluated primarily using their NOVA View system. (cdc.gov)

Ehrlichia chaffeensis is a small, gram negative, obligately intracellular bacterium that preferentially infects mononuclear phagocytes. (frontiersin.org)
Thus, E. chaffeensis is an excellent model organism to study host-pathogen interactions and to understand the molecular pathobiology of obligately intracellular microbes. (frontiersin.org)
Ehrlichiae are small, gram-negative, obligately intracellular bacteria that reside within a phagosome. (cdc.gov)
Among the obligately intracellular gram-negative bacteria, a genetically related set is classified among the Protobacteria of the subgroup on the basis of sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene ( 1 , 2 , 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)

Potassium ions rush out of the cell while sodium & chloride ions rush inward as the cell membranes depolarize. (benbest.com)
Postsynaptic membranes contain two voltage-gated calcium channels (L-type & T-type) as well as a sodium/calcium exchanger, but the NMDA channel is particularly adept at allowing large amounts of calcium ion to enter the cell. (benbest.com)
IEV is formed by wrapping of IMV with intracellular membranes, and is an intermediate between IMV and CEV/EEV that enables efficient virus dissemination to the cell surface on microtubules. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Pseudomallei group species are facultative intracellular parasites that spread efficiently from cell to cell by a mechanism involving the fusion of adjacent cell membranes. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
We propose a model in which a unique fusogenic activity at the C terminus of VgrG5 JWH 133 facilitates intercellular spread by and related species following injection over the plasma membranes of contaminated cells. (healthandwellnesssource.org)
I am committed to interdisciplinary research, and an example of the successes gained from this approach is the project with Prof A Nabok (Engineering Sheffield Hallam University) using total internal reflection ellipsometry to quantify protein-membrane interactions on native plant membranes and human cell lines. (brookes.ac.uk)

Encouraging progress in understanding cell cycle regulation occurred over the past five years. (janechin.net)
Such regulation ensures faithful reproduction of DNA for subsequent distribution to daughter cells. (janechin.net)
Using semi-quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and western blots experiments, we compared changes in ETS-1 and ETS-2 expression, their protein levels, and the regulation of some of their target gene expressions at different stages of the ocular tumoral progression in the transgenic mouse model, Tyrp-1-TAg, with those in normal eyes from control mice of the same age. (molvis.org)
Structure and functions of the heart, Cardiac Cycle, Heart Beat, and its chemical regulation. (aadharinstitute.com)
The N-terminal region of the protein binds CDC2 to form a complex showing reduced H1 histone kinase activity, indicating a role as a negative regulator of CDC2/cyclin A. In addition, the C-terminal kinase domain binds to its own N-terminal region, suggesting potential negative regulation through interference with complex formation via intramolecular binding. (cancerindex.org)
Regulation of the cell cycle: mitosis, meiosis. (pmf.hr)
Hancock, 2004), and cell volume regulation (Garner and technique known as magnetic relaxation dispersion (MRD). (lu.se)

High levels of intracellular calcium ion activate proteolytic enzymes (known as calpains) that break down many cell proteins, particularly those in the cytoskeleton of neurons (spectrin, neurofilament and microtubule-associated protein). (benbest.com)
Together with CLIP-190 (CAP-Gly domain-containing/cytoplasmic linker protein 190), Jar may coordinate the interaction between the actin and microtubule cytoskeleton. (nih.gov)

Here, we used primary skin keratinocytes and U2OS cells expressing HPV8 or distinct HPV8 early genes and well-defined ligands of the nucleic-acid-sensing receptors RIG-I, MDA5, TLR3, and STING to analyze a potential functional interaction. (bvsalud.org)
cell signaling: hormones and their receptors, growth factors. (pmf.hr)
Nerve cells: signal transduction (action potential), neurotransmitters and receptors. (pmf.hr)
Similarities among G proteins and G-protein-linked receptors suggest that this signaling system evolved very early. (vdocuments.net)
Generally, these receptors explain their function on the cell membrane where, after the binding with growth factors or neuregulin undergo to homo or hetero oligomerization with the activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and the subsequent recruitment of proteins involved in the cytoplasmic signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

The ABL1 protooncogene encodes a cytoplasmic and nuclear protein tyrosine kinase that has been implicated in processes of cell differentiation, cell division, cell adhesion, and stress response. (affbiotech.cn)
Protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6, also called BRK) is a SRC-related intracellular tyrosine kinase expressed in normal epithelia and cancer. (oncotarget.com)
Tyrosine-kinase receptor is effective when the cell needs to regulate and coordinate a variety of activities and trigger several signal pathways at once. (vdocuments.net)
A tyrosine-kinase is an enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to the amino acid tyrosine on a protein. (vdocuments.net)

The proteasome is a molecular machine that fragments proteins into short peptides. (yale.edu)

Ubiquitin and an array of related molecules (ubiquitin-like proteins or Ubls) such as SUMO are small, highly conserved proteins that are covalently attached to other intracellular proteins, resulting in various functional alterations of these targets. (yale.edu)
Myosins, which are actin-based motor molecules with ATPase activity, include unconventional myosins that serve in intracellular movements. (nih.gov)
9. To describe molecules and processes involved in the movement and orientation of the cells. (pmf.hr)
11. To list molecules involved in communication and adhesion of metazoan,s cells. (pmf.hr)
Multicellular organisms can also release signaling molecules that target other cells. (vdocuments.net)
When ligands (small molecules that bind specifically to a larger molecule) attach to the receptor protein, the receptor typically undergoes a change in shape. (vdocuments.net)
More recently, the realization that macro- principal experimental challenge is to resolve and quantify molecules occupy 20-30% of the intracellular volume has populations of protein oligomers in dynamic equilibrium. (lu.se)

In times of high metabolic demand and adequate availability of oxygen, elevated calcium in mitochondria can increase ATP production by stimulation of three enzymes in the Krebs citric acid cycle: pyruvate dehydrogenase, alpha-ketoglutarate and isocitrate dehydrogenase. (benbest.com)
Structure and function of cell and cytoplasmic constituents: Structure of nucleus, mitochondria, Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes and ribosomes. (aadharinstitute.com)

Dissociation of progeny vaccinia virus from the cell membrane is regulated by a viral envelope glycoprotein: effect of a point mutation in the lectin homology domain of the A34R gene. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The location of the arrays corresponded to the distribution of viral capsid protein determined by immunolabelling at the light microscope level. (ox.ac.uk)
Cells containing viral crystalline arrays also exhibited nucleolar degeneration, extreme margination of the nuclear heterochromatin, and cytoplasmic vacuolation. (ox.ac.uk)
Together with another viral protein, E4orf6, E1B-55 kDa joins an E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and marks p53 for proteasomal degradation. (uni-goettingen.de)
In the absence of viral binding partners, E1B-55 kDa forms cytoplasmic clusters and sequesters p53 to them. (uni-goettingen.de)
I took up a position at Oxford Brookes University in 2012 investigating the role of reticulon proteins in ER tubulation and viral trafficking in order to develop my international reputation in ER research and advanced imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)
[ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
In HHV-1 and HHV-2 oral infections, viral replication within the oral epithelium may cause lysis of epithelial cells, with vesicle formation. (medscape.com)

In this study, we report that cell cycle entry proceeded normally in HSCs null for cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p57 due to compensatory upregulation of p27. (elsevierpure.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a putative serine/threonine kinase that localizes to the mitotic apparatus and complexes with cell cycle controller CDC2 kinase in early mitosis. (cancerindex.org)
IRE1 RNase inhibition (MKC8866) and PERK kinase inhibition (GSK-2606414) affect autophagy flux in U251 and U87 cells (p62 degradation and LC3β-II/LC3β-I ratio) in different ways. (mdpi.com)
Inhibitor FX11 inhibits LDHA activity of macrophages, and can down-regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation , Thus playing an anti-inflammatory effect. (medicaltrend.org)
A series of signal transduction events starting from the activation of cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) to binding of E2F -target transcription to phosphorylation of Rb helps maintain cell-cycle progression. (bdbiosciences.com)
Mammalian Cdc25 phosphatase is responsible for the dephosphorylation of Cdc2 and other cyclin-dependent kinases at Thr14 and Tyr15, thus activating the kinase and allowing cell cycle progression. (embl.de)

At higher doses, cells undergo mitochondrial destabilization due to calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum, and die. (hindawi.com)
I am a plant cell biologist and protein biochemist at Oxford Brookes University with expertise in the structure and function of the plant endoplasmic reticulum (ER), membrane proteins and auxin biosynthesis using biochemical techniques as well as high-resolution live cell imaging. (brookes.ac.uk)

Comparative biochemical studies of rapamycin and wortmannin on transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta1)-mediated G(1)-S cell cycle progression in C3H-10T1/2 embryonic fibroblasts. (janechin.net)
Therefore, understanding biochemical dynamics of cell cycle progression may lead to target-specific therapy with improved side effect profiles. (janechin.net)
These factors couple extracellular signals to intracellular processes to determine cell cycle progression. (janechin.net)
Although pHi was previously thought to be relatively constant as a homeostatic mechanism, we now know that pHi changes during normal cell cycle progression, cell migration, and cell differentiation. (ucsf.edu)
One such protein that we study, SUMO, is attached to many proteins and is crucial for cell-cycle progression. (yale.edu)
The Ubl called SUMO is attached to many proteins in vivo and is crucial for cell-cycle progression. (yale.edu)

Combining these new datasets with existing published gene expression and protein expression data have identified selected panels of novel biomarkers which have been evaluated on over 100 cervical cancer and pre-cancer cases using standard immunohistochemistry approaches. (europa.eu)
Furthermore, RNA isolated from HPV8-E2 expressing primary human keratinocytes, but not control cells, stimulated a type I IFN response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating that the expression of HPV8-E2 in keratinocytes leads to the formation of stimulatory RNA ligands that require the active suppression of immune recognition. (bvsalud.org)
To characterize the change(s) in mRNA and protein expression of SIRT1-7 and their associated proteins in the brain of "physiologically" aged Wistar rats. (frontiersin.org)
We tested mRNA and protein expression levels of rat SIRT1-7, and the levels of associated proteins in the brain using RT-PCR and western blotting. (frontiersin.org)
SIRT3-5 expression declined significantly in the hippocampus and frontal lobe, associated with increases in superoxide and fatty acid oxidation levels, and acetylated CPS-1 protein expression, and a reduction in MnSOD level. (frontiersin.org)
While SIRT6 expression declines significantly with age acetylated H3K9 protein expression is increased throughout the brain. (frontiersin.org)
SIRT7 and Pol I protein expression increased in the frontal lobe. (frontiersin.org)
Expression of recombinant proteins using bacterial, animal and plant vectors. (aadharinstitute.com)
Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
Sequence analysis, expression, and deletion of a vaccinia virus gene encoding a homolog of profilin, a eukaryotic actin-binding protein. (microbiologyresearch.org)
CircPAPD4 expression was low in BC tissues and cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Goyos A , Guethlein LA, Horowitz A, Hilton HG, Gleimer M , Brodsky FM , Parham P . A Distinctive Cytoplasmic Tail Contributes to Low Surface Expression and Intracellular Retention of the Patr-AL MHC Class I Molecule. (academictree.org)
LDH is a cytoplasmic enzyme, but it can also bind to mRNA in the nucleus, indicating that LDH plays a role in the post-transcriptional modification of gene expression. (medicaltrend.org)
We detected PTK6 mRNA and protein expression in the immortalized normal MCF-10A human mammary gland epithelial cell line, and examined PTK6 expression and activation in a normal human breast tissue microarray, as well as in human breast tumors. (oncotarget.com)
Nucleolar function of EGR1 is strictly linked to the expression of nucleolar proteins such as nucleophosmin (B23) and alternative reading frame (p14ARF). (biomedcentral.com)
Osteonectin expression was evaluated using immunohistochemistry with anti-secreted protein acidic and rich in cystein (anti-SPARC) antibody. (bvsalud.org)

Subcellular distribution of 82-FIP is cell cycle-dependent in cultured cells, suggesting that the composition of some FMRP-containing RNP complexes may be cell cycle-modulated. (unipv.it)
Here I pursued my scientific interests in subcellular protein localisation, bioinformatics, and mathematical modelling. (brookes.ac.uk)

Each stage of the cell cycle is profiled by distinct protein complexes and phosphorylation events. (janechin.net)
The protein is phosphorylated in a cell-cycle dependent manner, with late prophase phosphorylation remaining through metaphase. (cancerindex.org)
Treg cells rely less on glycolysis, but rely on oxidative phosphorylation to produce energy. (medicaltrend.org)
Similar to findings in the prostate, we detect nuclear and cytoplasmic PTK6 in normal mammary gland epithelial cells, but no phosphorylation of tyrosine residue 342. (oncotarget.com)
Chief among the intracellular signals is the phosphorylation of proteins belonging to the pocket protein family, such as p107, p130 and retinoblastoma protein (Rb). (bdbiosciences.com)

Mechanisms by which E. chaffeensis establishes intracellular infection, and avoids host defenses are not well understood, but involve functionally relevant host-pathogen interactions associated with tandem and ankyrin repeat effector proteins. (frontiersin.org)
The molecular mechanisms mediating pHi-regulated cell behaviors, however, remain understudied and largely unknown. (ucsf.edu)
Such turnover occurs primarily through the ubiquitin-proteasome system and is central to a variety of cell regulatory mechanisms, many of medical relevance including many cancers. (yale.edu)
Mechanisms regulating cardiomyocyte cell cycle arrest are of great interest partly because reversing this process could provide a way to stimulate cardiac regeneration after injury [ 17 ]. (springer.com)
16. To explain molecular mechanisms involved in signal transduction in nerve cells. (pmf.hr)
It is therefore not surprising that microbes have developed tightly regulated mechanisms for copper transport and intracellular distribution, to maintain negligible changes (subfemtomolar concentrations) in their intracellular levels [ 7 - 9 ]. (biorxiv.org)

Copper is required for many biological pathways, but sometimes it can harm the cell. (biorxiv.org)

Microtubules (kinesin, dynein and intracellular transport, dynamics of microtubules and motor proteins). (pmf.hr)

Jar is required for basal protein targeting and correct spindle orientation in mitotic neuroblasts. (nih.gov)
The rate of living theory is closely related to the "wear and tear" theory of aging, that our bodies are (except for our germ cells) made up of "post-mitotic cells," unable to continue dividing once growth is complete, and so must die when those cells are "worn out. (doctorsaredangerous.com)
The cell cycle has two major phases: interphase, the phase between mitotic events, and the mitotic phase, where the mother cell divides into two genetically identical daughter cells. (bdbiosciences.com)

Several members of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) family, have been identified in the nucleus and nucleolus of many cancer cells, but their function in these compartments remains unexplored. (biomedcentral.com)

Multicellularity: cell-cell interactions, interactions of cells with cell matrix, embryogenesis, formation of organs and tissue organization. (pmf.hr)
Program access grant to the STFC Harwell Laser Facility 'The Plant Cell Initiative: Protein interactions in the higher plant secretory pathway' 2017-2021 (approximate value of £200K). (brookes.ac.uk)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
The analysis of these results, in terms of a statistical-mechanical model that incorporates polymer flexibility as well as the excluded volume of the protein, shows that the dramatic enhancement of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor self-association can be quantitatively rationalized in terms of hard repulsive interactions. (lu.se)

Stages of the cell cycle are G1 (Gap 1), S (Synthesis), G2, M (Mitosis), and G0 (quiescence), with mitosis as the shortest and most visually dramatic process of the cycle after which two daughter cells result, Figure 1-1. (janechin.net)
Synthesis of protein & urea, Ornithine cycle, fate of carbon skeleton. (aadharinstitute.com)
Synthesis and sorting of membrane lipids, sorting of proteins. (pmf.hr)
When conditions are right, cells enter the S stage of the cell cycle and commit to DNA synthesis and replicate their chromosomal DNA. (bdbiosciences.com)
During the synthesis (S) phase of the cell cycle, DNA polymerases incorporate a variety of nucleosides (deoxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxycytidine and thymidine) into the newly extending strands of DNA. (bdbiosciences.com)
In the eukaryotic cells the production of ribosomes takes place in the nucleolus, a specialized subnuclear compartment where the RNA Polymerase I (RNA Pol I) catalyses the ribosomal RNA synthesis (rRNA). (biomedcentral.com)
Thus, the control of ribosome assembly and protein synthesis is essential for the survival of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)

The molecule is synthesized as a 2472 amino acid (aa) precursor that contains a putative 27 aa signal sequence, a 1650 aa extracellular region, a 23 aa transmembrane (TM) segment and a 772 aa cytoplasmic domain (2). (novusbio.com)
Cell surface Notch receptor is thought to be a heterodimer consisting of the ligand binding extracellular region associated with the remaining transmembrane protein, as a result of post-translational proteolytic cleavage by a furin-like enzyme. (novusbio.com)

We also found that increased pHi is necessary for adult and embryonic stem cell differentiation as well as lineage specification (Ulmschneider et al. (ucsf.edu)
Conclusions: This study showed that an osteoblastic cell lineage may be obtained from human bone marrow derived from adherent cells, and that the presence of the rhBMP-4 seems to have an effect during the first stages of differentiation only. (bvsalud.org)

GRE Subject Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology was a standardized exam provided by ETS (Educational Testing Service) that was discontinued in December 2016. (wikipedia.org)
After learning that test content from editions of the GRE® Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology (BCM) Test has been compromised in Israel, ETS made the decision not to administer this test worldwide in 2016-17. (wikipedia.org)
5] "Molecular Biology of the cells", B. Alberts et al. (sns.it)
A major aspect our research program is determining in molecular detail how intracellular (cytoplasmic) pH (pHi) dynamics regulates cell behaviors, with a focus on epithelial plasticity. (ucsf.edu)
We wish to understand at a molecular level how specific eukaryotic proteins are selected for rapid degradation even while most proteins are spared. (yale.edu)
First, we wish to understand, at a mechanistic and molecular level, how specific proteins are rapidly degraded within eukaryotic cells while most proteins are spared. (yale.edu)
50%. Overall, the molecular and biologic characteristics of the strain HSR1 provide evidence that SARS-CoV forms a for Vero cells (a continuous cell line established from mon- fourth genetic coronavirus group with distinct genomic and key kidney epithelial cells), its capacity for growth at 37°C biologic features. (cdc.gov)

Our work bridges protein electrostatics and structure with cell biology to reveal how pHi dynamics regulates cell behaviors through protonation of titrating amino acids as a post-translational modification to regulate protein structure and function (Schönichen et al. (ucsf.edu)
The high impact our pioneering work bridging protein electrostatics and cell biology is highlighted by our publication h-index of 46. (ucsf.edu)
The production of several different virus particles in the VV replication cycle represents a coordinated strategy to exploit cell biology to promote virus spread and to aid virus evasion of antibody and complement. (microbiologyresearch.org)

We are trying to understand the functional consequences of SUMO-protein modification, particularly in the cell cycle and chromatin-mediate gene transcription, and to determine the basis of specificity for the SUMO-cleaving proteases. (yale.edu)
Cell cycle-specific with activity in the S-phase as single agent and has for many years been combined with biochemical modulator leucovorin.Has activity as single agent that inhibits DNA replication and transcription. (medscape.com)
LDHA promotes the effector function of T cells by increasing the acetylation and transcription of interferon-γ (IFNG) and plays a key role in inflammation. (medicaltrend.org)
i) the cytoplasmic CueR- metal sensor, which initiates the transcription process of CueO and CopA associated with Cu(I) coordination [ 11 ]. (biorxiv.org)

Each of these infectious diseases is designated by the major target cell: human monocytic ehrlichiosis is caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis, and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis by an E. equi -like organism. (cdc.gov)

The CusB protein is part of the CusCBA periplasmic Cu(I) efflux system in Gram-negative bacteria, and it was recently reported to play a key role in the functioning of the whole CusCBA system, in which conformational changes as well as the assembly/disassembly process control the opening of the transporter. (biorxiv.org)

In our second major area of research, we are analyzing the function and dynamics of protein modification by other Ubls. (yale.edu)

Objective: This study evaluated the osteogenic induction of human bone marrow cells by human recombinant bone morphogenetic protein-4 (rhBMP-4) and proteins released by Saos-2 (human osteosarcoma cell line). (bvsalud.org)

My additional independent research on ER localisation and splicing in auxin biosynthesis showed for the first time ER-localisation for an auxin biosynthetic protein. (brookes.ac.uk)

Membrane structure and function: Structure of model membrane, Lipid bilayer and membrane protein, diffusion, osmosis, ion channels, Active transport membrane pumps, mechanism of solving and regulations of intracellular transport, Electrical properties of membrane. (aadharinstitute.com)
The adaptor protein GULP promotes Jedi-1-mediated phagocytosis through a clathrin-dependent mechanism. (academictree.org)

These virions have different abundance, structure, location and roles in the virus life-cycle. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The roles of these proteins in virus morphogenesis and dissemination, and as targets for neutralizing antibody are reviewed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)
Th9 cells were first identified as a Th2 subpopulation have many important roles. (cdc.gov)

In normal control adult mouse eyes, ETS-1 was mostly present in the nuclei of all neuroretinal layers whereas ETS-2 was mostly localized in the cytosol of the cell bodies of these layers with a smaller amount present in the nuclei. (molvis.org)

ETS-1 and ETS-2 mRNA and protein levels were much higher in the ocular tissues of Tyrp-1-TAg mice than in control ocular tissues from wild-type mice. (molvis.org)
also called myosin heavy chain 95F (Mhc95F), or 95F MHC), which is a motor protein necessary for the morphogenesis of epithelial tissues during Drosophila development. (nih.gov)
In IMIDs, lactic acid is produced by mesenchymal fibroblasts and metabolically active infiltrating immune cells, and is a key driver of the microenvironment of inflammatory tissues. (medicaltrend.org)

Myosin-VI appears to be involved in a very early step of clathrin-mediated endocytosis in polarized epithelial cells. (nih.gov)

Finally, in the G2 phase, cells continue to grow and prepare for mitosis. (bdbiosciences.com)

This ligase attaches ubiquitin to both nuclear regulatory proteins and to misfolded membrane proteins degraded at the ER (ER-associated degradation or ERAD). (yale.edu)
I further investigated membrane proteins and the targeting of tail-anchored proteins at Sheffield Hallam University. (brookes.ac.uk)

Curcumin causes cell death and primarily initiates an autophagic step (mitophagy). (hindawi.com)
Excessive glutamate release resulting in excessive Ca +2 entry into cells is the excitotoxicity which initiates the brain ischemic damage seen in stroke and cardiac arrest. (benbest.com)

Much of our work is conducted in baker's yeast, a model organism ideal for genetic and biochemical analysis, but we also use human tissue culture cells and Drosophila in certain studies. (yale.edu)

13. To describe and understand how differentiated cells could be induced to form pluripotent stem cells. (pmf.hr)

Overall, PERK and IRE1 arms of the UPR are involved in the inhibition of autophagy induced by Simva-TMZ- in GBM cells. (mdpi.com)

When cells proliferate in the absence of appropriate driving signals, cancer is the undesirable consequence. (janechin.net)
Extracellular signals direct the cell-cycle 'engine. (janechin.net)
The Restriction point is also known as a checkpoint, where 'the cell is arrested at a particular phase of the cycle due to a lack of appropriate signals' (Hartwell and Weinert, 1989). (janechin.net)
6. To explain signals which activate cytoplasmic and mitochondrial metabolic processes. (pmf.hr)
Cells may receive a variety of signals, chemical signals, electromagnetic signals, and mechanical signals. (vdocuments.net)
To make the decision of whether to enter the cell cycle or not, cells integrate information from a variety of intracellular and extracellular signals. (bdbiosciences.com)
During the first stage called G1, cells monitor their environment and, when the requisite signals are received, the cells synthesize RNA and proteins to induce growth. (bdbiosciences.com)

A cell targeted by a particular chemical signal has a receptor protein that recognizes the signal molecule. (vdocuments.net)
They influence cell activities by binding to receptor proteins on the plasma membrane. (vdocuments.net)
A G-protein-linked receptor consists of a receptor protein associated with a G-protein on the cytoplasmic side. (vdocuments.net)
activated by binding with an extracellular signal molecule, the receptor binds to an inactive G protein in membrane. (vdocuments.net)
G-protein receptor systems are extremely widespread and diverse in their functions. (vdocuments.net)
Structurally, all known receptor PTPases, are made up of a variable length extracellular domain, followed by a transmembrane region and a C-terminal catalytic cytoplasmic domain. (embl.de)

A sodium/potassium (Na + /K + ) pump keeps extracellular potassium low and extracellular sodium high compared to intracellular concentrations. (benbest.com)
Voltage-gated ion channels and ion-exchangers in the cell membrane also regulate ion concentrations. (benbest.com)
In the presence of high concentrations of inert macromolecules, the self-association of proteins is strongly enhanced through an entropic, excluded-volume effect variously called macromolecular crowding or depletion attraction. (lu.se)

Our lab has as its general focus one of the fundamental regulatory systems of eukaryotic cells - the ubiquitin system. (yale.edu)

PknD sensor-coated microspheres appear to be largely Bioactive Compound Library order enveloped by actin processes (arrows) indicating that PknD-induced uptake by host cells may be an active process. (hsdpathway.com)
CEV induces the formation of actin tails that drive CEV particles away from the cell and is important for cell-to-cell spread. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Myosin-VI, also called unconventional myosin-6 (MYO6), is a reverse-direction motor protein that moves towards the minus-end of actin filaments. (nih.gov)

1. To explain and differentiate various posttranslational modifications of proteins. (pmf.hr)
2. To list and explain locations and processes involved in posttranslational modifications of proteins. (pmf.hr)

The prototypical example of such a protein modifier is ubiquitin, but at least a dozen such systems exist. (yale.edu)
While ubiquitin is commonly used to mark its targets for destruction, the consequences of protein ligation to the various "ubiquitin-like proteins" are less understood. (yale.edu)
The ubiquitin system has only recently come under close scrutiny, and an extraordinary array of cell regulatory functions is gradually being uncovered. (yale.edu)
The prototypical example of a protein that is covalently attached to other proteins is ubiquitin, but in recent years, evidence for at least a dozen such systems has come to light. (yale.edu)
In this context, during any sort of stress condition the alternative reading frame protein p14ARF subtracts MDM2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, from the interaction with p53 in manner to free and stabilise p53 level in the nucleolus of the cell where it inhibits RNA polymerase I activity [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Since chPrP lacks a cytoplasmic domain that could interact directly with the intracellular components of clathrin-coated pits, we propose that the polypeptide chain of chPrP associates with the extracellular domain of a transmembrane protein that contains a coated pit internalization signal. (rupress.org)

The Warburg hypothesis was based on the metabolic differences between cancer cells and normal cells, and proposed that increased glycolysis by transformed cells conferred a bio-energetic advantage for survival over normal counterparts under anoxic conditions (Anghileri, 1983). (janechin.net)
Most of the metabolic energy of neurons is expended on maintaining ion gradients across the cell membrane. (benbest.com)

Therefore, lactic acid treatment reduces effector T cell function without affecting Treg cell function. (medicaltrend.org)
After inhibiting LDH, even in the presence of lactic acid, the function of effector T cells can be restored, which indicates that the effect of lactic acid on these immune cells is highly dependent on LDH. (medicaltrend.org)
T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)

The binding site in Pra1 is in the C-terminal region of this 299 aa protein ( Łoboda and Rowińska-Żyrek 2017 ). (tcdb.org)

In this study, ultrastructural features of B19 infection were examined using haemopoietic cell suspension cultures derived from human fetal liver. (ox.ac.uk)
The number and size of these arrays increased with the duration of culture, and their location changed from exclusively nuclear at 24 h post-infection to both nuclear and cytoplasmic at 3 days post-infection. (ox.ac.uk)
Pra1 is a cell surface protein with a single N-terminal TMS involved in the host-parasite interaction during candidal infection. (tcdb.org)

Herein, we address the complex crosstalk that involves mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial destabilization accompanied by mitophagy, and cell death. (hindawi.com)

As opposed to other styles of muscles dystrophy, where mutations take place in genes encoding structural protein, calpainopathy was the initial reported kind of dystrophy predetermined by mutations within a gene encoding a proteolytic enzyme. (exposed-skin-care.net)
This involves silencing genes, blocking their production of RNA and protein. (doctorsaredangerous.com)

Anatomy26

Organisms17

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs109

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment27

Phenomena and Processes76

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Localization9

Apoptosis18

Cytoplasm3

Proliferation17

Tumor16

Nucleus and cytoplasmic1

Cellular17

Obligately intracellular4

Membranes6

Regulation7

Cytoskeleton2

Receptors5

Tyrosine kinase4

Peptides1

Molecules7

Mitochondria2

Viral8

Kinase6

Endoplasmic reticulum2

Progression6

Expression16

Subcellular2

Phosphorylation5

Mechanisms6

Pathways1

Dynein1

Mitotic3

Compartments1

Interactions4

Synthesis7

Extracellular region2

Differentiation2

Molecular7

Biology3

Transcription4

Ehrlichia1

Gram negative1

Dynamics1

Recombinant1

Biosynthesis1

Mechanism2

Roles4

Cytosol1

Tissues3

Epithelial1

Mitosis1

Membrane proteins2

Initiates2

Drosophila1

Pluripotent stem1

Inhibition1

Signals7

Receptor6

Concentrations3

Eukaryotic cells1

Actin3

Posttranslational2

Ubiquitin5

Transmembrane1

Metabolic2

Effector3

20171

Infection3

Mitochondrial1

Genes2