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RhizobiumRhizobium leguminosarumBacteriaRhizobium etliRhizobium tropiciNitrogen FixationFabaceaeBacterial ProteinsSinorhizobium melilotiListeria monocytogenesMolecular Sequence DataDNA, BacterialGram-Negative BacteriaWolbachiaGenes, BacterialCoxiella burnetiiListeriosisRNA, Ribosomal, 16SPhylogenyRhizobiaceaeChlamydialesGram-Positive BacteriaRoot Nodules, PlantPlants, MedicinalFrancisella tularensisMedicago sativaEhrlichia chaffeensisPlant Root NodulationTularemiaSinorhizobiumGene Expression Regulation, BacterialEhrlichiosisSequence Analysis, DNAChlamydiaceaeDNA, RibosomalRickettsiaceaeAnaplasma phagocytophilumBacteria, AnaerobicGenome, BacterialSymbiosisRickettsiaEscherichia coliBase SequenceMacrophagesChlamydiaColony Count, MicrobialPhaseolusPlant RootsSpecies SpecificityPlasmidsRNA, BacterialRickettsia conoriiBradyrhizobiumSoil MicrobiologyAmino Acid SequenceBrucella abortusPhagocytosisHost-Pathogen InteractionsAnti-Bacterial AgentsSalmonella typhimuriumQ FeverBacterial AdhesionPhagosomesChlamydia trachomatisMesorhizobiumFilarioideaBacteria, AerobicVirulenceMutationEhrlichiaLegionella pneumophilaLawsonia BacteriaArthropodsRickettsia typhiPolysaccharides, BacterialCulture MediaCloning, MolecularChlamydiaceae InfectionsMice, Inbred C57BLGene Transfer, HorizontalIntracellular FluidAntigens, BacterialPolymerase Chain ReactionAlphaproteobacteriaMicroscopy, ElectronMice, Inbred BALB CDipetalonemaLipopolysaccharidesPhenotypeMicrobial ViabilityMedicagoBacterial Outer Membrane ProteinsGram-Negative Aerobic BacteriaWater MicrobiologyCell LineBacterial InfectionsVacuolesImmunity, InnatePeasBrucellosis
Legume-rhizobium symbiosisFacultative intracellular pathogenSymbiosisAllows the bacteriumFungiMicroorganismsPathogenGenusNitrogenSymbiotic relationshipArchaeaGram negativeBacterialRootsCyanobacteriaFungalSoilVirulence factorsNodulationGenomeFungusMotileMetabolitesSpeciesProteinsGeneBiofilmRootInfectionStructuresVirusesGenesEnzymeAlgaeInfectMicrobialCapsuleFunctionalSecondaryPlantFreeImmuneHostPlantsCellsPresentIncludeSpecificGroup
Legume-rhizobium symbiosis2
  • The legume-rhizobium symbiosis is a classic example of mutualism-rhizobia supply ammonia or amino acids to the plant and in return receive organic acids (principally as the dicarboxylic acids malate and succinate) as a carbon and energy source. (wikipedia.org)
  • The legume-rhizobium symbiosis offers an excellent model system to study the role of Ca 2+ signaling in eukaryotic cell development. (elifesciences.org)
Facultative intracellular pathogen3
  • Aerobic facultative intracellular pathogen. (mgc.ac.cn)
  • 2002. The genome sequence of the facultative intracellular pathogen Brucella melitensis . (mgc.ac.cn)
  • Listeria monocytogenes , the facultative intracellular pathogen that causes listeriosis, is a common contaminant in ready-to-eat foods such as lunch meats and dairy products. (pressbooks.pub)
Symbiosis4
Allows the bacterium2
  • d) It allows the bacterium to attach to the surface. (recruitmenttopper.com)
  • One of the genes regulated by PrfA is hyl , which encodes a toxin known as listeriolysin O (LLO), which allows the bacterium to escape vacuoles upon entry into a host cell. (pressbooks.pub)
Fungi4
  • A widespread type of endomycorrhizal interactions involving fungi of the phylum Glomeromycota, the hyphae of which reach the root inner cortex & develop highly branched structures called arbuscules. (betterorganix.com)
  • A level of classification (called Phylum) of the fungi kingdom. (betterorganix.com)
  • Phylum of fungi kingdom the sexual reproduction of which is accomplished in club-shaped cells called basidia that bear external spores. (betterorganix.com)
  • Supercharging SIP in the Fungal Hyphosphere Applying high-throughput stable isotope probing to the study of a particular fungi, researchers identified novel interactions between bacteria and the fungi. (doe.gov)
Microorganisms1
  • Microorganisms produced their metabolites are called as bioflocculant during their growth. (microbiologyjournal.org)
Pathogen2
  • For instance, the plant pathogen Agrobacterium is a closer relative of Rhizobium than the Bradyrhizobium that nodulate soybean. (wikipedia.org)
  • The causative bacterium belongs to the genus Legionella , an accidental human pathogen that can replicate in alveolar macrophages, although it normally replicates as an intracellular parasite in protozoa. (biomedcentral.com)
Genus6
Nitrogen12
  • Rhizobia are diazotrophic bacteria that fix nitrogen after becoming established inside the root nodules of legumes (Fabaceae). (wikipedia.org)
  • Rhizobia are found in the soil and after infection, produce nodules in the legume where they fix nitrogen gas (N2) from the atmosphere turning it into a more readily useful form of nitrogen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rhizobia are unique in that they are the only nitrogen-fixing bacteria living in a symbiotic relationship with legumes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the nodules of IRLC legumes, including Medicago truncatula, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia undergo terminal differentiation resulting in elongated and endoreduplicated bacteroids specialized for nitrogen fixation. (bvsalud.org)
  • This irreversible transition of rhizobia is mediated by host produced nodule-specific cysteine-rich (NCR) peptides, of which c. 700 are encoded in the M. truncatula genome but only few of them have been proved to be essential for nitrogen fixation. (bvsalud.org)
  • Signalling molecules produced by nitrogen-fixing bacteria (rhizobia) & eliciting nodule initiation & bacterial uptake in the roots of legumes. (betterorganix.com)
  • nitrogen -fixing bacteria which live in root nodules on plants of the pea family. (wikipedia.org)
  • Knobbed structures formed from and attached to plant roots , especially of LEGUMES, which result from symbiotic infection by nitrogen fixing bacteria such as RHIZOBIUM or FRANKIA. (lookformedical.com)
  • The formation of a nitrogen-fixing cell mass on PLANT ROOTS following symbiotic infection by nitrogen-fixing bacteria such as RHIZOBIUM or FRANKIA. (lookformedical.com)
  • Many of them harbor NITROGEN FIXATION bacteria on their roots. (lookformedical.com)
  • An enzyme system that catalyzes the fixing of nitrogen in soil bacteria and blue-green algae (CYANOBACTERIA). (lookformedical.com)
  • The recessive mongenic brush mutation impaired root development and infection by nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. (elifesciences.org)
Symbiotic relationship1
  • The symbiotic relationship between legumes and rhizobium bacteria in root nodules has a high demand for iron, and questions remain regarding which transporters are involved. (bvsalud.org)
Archaea3
  • They can be found very early in Earth's fossil records (about 3.25 billion years ago) as both Archaea and Bacteria, and commonly protect prokaryotic cells by providing them with homeostasis, encouraging the development of complex interactions between the cells in the biofilm. (wikipedia.org)
  • iPHoP: A Matchmaker for Phages and their Hosts Building on existing virus-host prediction approaches, a new tool combines and evaluates multiple predictions to reliably match viruses with their archaea and bacteria hosts. (doe.gov)
  • In bacteria and archaea , structural proteins with related functions are usually encoded together within the genome in a block called an operon and are transcribed together under the control of a single promoter , resulting in the formation of a polycistronic transcript ( Figure 12.30 ). (pressbooks.pub)
Gram negative2
Bacterial1
  • As shown below, most belong to the order Hyphomicrobiales, but several rhizobia occur in distinct bacterial orders of the Pseudomonadota. (wikipedia.org)
Roots4
  • Specific strains of rhizobia are required to make functional nodules on the roots able to fix the N2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rhizobia are free living in the soil until they are able to sense flavonoids, derivatives of 2-phenyl-1.4-benzopyrone, which are secreted by the roots of their host plant triggering the accumulation of a large population of cells and eventually attachment to root hairs. (wikipedia.org)
  • Previous studies have identified one mutant version of this plant, called brush , which develops abnormal roots with brush-like arrays of root hairs near the tip. (elifesciences.org)
  • It is also likely that the brush mutation's effects on calcium signaling also interfere with the entry of rhizobia into the roots. (elifesciences.org)
Cyanobacteria1
  • 26. The most abundant prokaryotes helpful to humans in making curd from milk and in production of antibiotics are the ones categorised as (Prelims 2012) (a) cyanobacteria (b) archaebacteria (c) chemosynthetic autotrophs (d) heterotrophic bacteria. (recruitmenttopper.com)
Fungal2
  • Most commonly branched & swollen and is attached to the root epidermis before intracellular fungal penetration. (betterorganix.com)
  • The thin apoplastic compartment that surrounds each intracellular fungal structure inside plant tissues. (betterorganix.com)
Soil3
  • Once the legume dies, the nodule breaks down and releases the rhizobia back into the soil where they can live individually or reinfect a new legume host. (wikipedia.org)
  • Legionella is a water and soil bacterium that can infect humans, causing a pneumonia known as Legionnaires' disease. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Calcium ion signals are essential for peas, beans and other members of the legume family to form close relationships (known as symbioses) with soil bacteria called rhizobia. (elifesciences.org)
Virulence factors1
  • First, the bacterium does not bear classic virulence factors, such as capsules, secreted proteases, exotoxins, endotoxins, pili and/or fimbriae or virulence plasmids, and its lipopolysaccharide pathogenicity is not typical. (mgc.ac.cn)
Nodulation1
  • Despite the fact that BRs inhibit nodulation in leguminous plants, how BRs modulate rhizobia-host interactions and nodule morphogenesis is unknown. (pubchase.com)
Genome2
  • In each case, this DNA is thought to be the remnant of the genome of a once independent bacterium . (wikipedia.org)
  • Tips for a Winning Community Science Program Proposal In the Genome Insider podcast, tips to successfully avail of the JGI's proposal calls, many through the Community Science Program. (doe.gov)
Fungus3
  • fungus + alga or bacterium . (wikipedia.org)
  • Aspergillus is a common fungus that can cause a serious infection called aspergillosis in people with weakened immune systems. (labtestsguide.com)
  • We interestingly found that disease resistance to Pst DC3000 bacterium but not to Erysiphe pisi fungus is compromised in syt5 plants. (molcells.org)
Motile2
  • It is best characterized by a microscopic sexual reproductive structure called the ascus, which is a single cell containing spores that are non-motile (meaning that they lack the ability to move independently). (betterorganix.com)
  • 16. The motile bacteria are able to move by (AIPMT 2014) (a) fimbriae (b) flagella (c) cilia (d) pili. (recruitmenttopper.com)
Metabolites2
  • Comparative metabolome analysis of sucrose- and glucose-based fermentation identified 81 intracellular metabolites and demonstrated that pyruvate from the glycolysis pathway may be a key metabolite affecting PMA synthesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) are a group of common metabolites with a potential of universal infochemicals dedicated to transferring of information between higher organisms and bacteria either from microbiome or external environment. (preprints.org)
Species2
  • Two new brucella species, provisionally called B. pinnipediae and B. cetaceae , have been isolated from marine hosts within the past few years. (mgc.ac.cn)
  • Proteins found in any species of bacterium. (lookformedical.com)
Proteins1
  • Pathogenicity is related to production of lipopolysaccharides containing a poly N-formyl perosamine O chain, Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, erythrulose phosphate dehydrogenase, stress-induced proteins related to intracellular survival, and adenine and guanine monophosphate inhibitors of phagocyte functions. (cdc.gov)
Gene3
  • Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria. (lookformedical.com)
  • The bacteria isolated from sewage identified as Proteus mirabilis using 16S rRNA gene made up of D-Mannose, D-Fructose, D-Sucrose, and D-Galactose could be identified by Gas liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). (microbiologyjournal.org)
  • Our earlier studies confirmed the existence of a bacterium with an arsC gene that is responsible for the [8] conversion of As(V) to As(II) which may be either extruded from the cells or sequestered in the intracellular compartment in its free form and/or in conjugation with glutathione (GSH) or other thiols [9]. (easyreport.in)
Biofilm4
  • [13] The biofilm bacteria can share nutrients and are sheltered from harmful factors in the environment, such as desiccation, antibiotics, and a host body's immune system. (wikipedia.org)
  • A biofilm usually begins to form when a free-swimming bacterium attaches to a surface. (wikipedia.org)
  • [8] [5] The first colonist bacteria of a biofilm may adhere to the surface initially by the weak van der Waals forces and hydrophobic effects. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the present study, bioflocculant derived from bacteria are widely explored in bioremediation such as removing heavy metal and inhibiting biofilm formation. (microbiologyjournal.org)
Root5
  • These flavonoids then promote the DNA binding activity of NodD which belongs to the LysR family of transcriptional regulators and triggers the secretion of nod factors after the bacteria have entered the root hair. (wikipedia.org)
  • Nod factors trigger a series of complex developmental changes inside the root hair, beginning with root hair curling and followed by the formation of the infection thread, a cellulose lined tube that the bacteria use to travel down through the root hair into the root cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The bacteria then infect several other adjacent root cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • They characteristically invade the root hairs of leguminous plants and act as intracellular symbionts. (lookformedical.com)
  • As such, many studies of calcium signalling have focused on root symbioses, particularly in a model legume called Lotus japonicus . (elifesciences.org)
Infection1
  • The presence of bacteria in Michael's blood is a sign of infection, since blood is normally sterile. (pressbooks.pub)
Structures1
Viruses1
  • Many of the agents responsible for new infections and diseases in humans were viruses (e.g., hantaviruses, lyssaviruses, and morbilliviruses), but bacteria, especially enteritic bacteria (e.g. (cdc.gov)
Genes2
  • Streamlining Regulon Identification in Bacteria Regulons are a group of genes that can be turned on or off by the same regulatory protein. (doe.gov)
  • Test bacteria were recognized as Proteus mirabilis through partial sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. (microbiologyjournal.org)
Enzyme3
  • A catalytically versatile benzoyl-CoA reductase, key enzyme in the degradation of methyl- and halobenzoates in denitrifying bacteria. (pubchase.com)
  • Discovered in 1995, the enzyme from the denitrifying bacterium Thauera aromatica (BCRTar) has so far remained the only isolated and biochemically accessible BCR, mainly because BCRs are extremely labile and their heterologous production has largely failed, so far. (pubchase.com)
  • An enzyme found in bacteria. (lookformedical.com)
Algae1
  • Glaucophytes are an algae with chloroplasts that are more like blue-green bacteria: the cell walls are still sensitive to antibiotics . (wikipedia.org)
Infect1
Microbial1
  • Studies on insect-associated microbial communities have produced strong evidence that symbiotic bacteria play a major role in host biology. (biomedcentral.com)
Capsule2
Functional3
  • The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA. (lookformedical.com)
  • the bacteria organize themselves into a coordinated functional community. (wikipedia.org)
  • Final Round of 2022 CSP Functional Genomics Awardees Meet the final six researchers whose proposals were selected for the 2022 Community Science Program Functional Genomics call. (doe.gov)
Secondary2
  • This is called secondary endosymbiosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Among the ions taken up by the plant cells, Ca2+ plays an essential role as an intracellular secondary messenger in plants and thus the cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) is strictly regulated. (globalsciencebooks.info)
Plant4
  • These alternatives, called biostimulants, come from a variety of sources, one of which is the plant itself. (mdpi.com)
  • The outliers had the complete operon for the production of vibrioferrin, a siderophore present in plant growth promoting bacteria. (frontiersin.org)
  • The definition was extended as the bacteria were used to control plant pathogens. (bio-fit.eu)
  • Since SYP132 plays an immune function to bacteria, elevated growth of surface-inoculated Pst DC3000 in VAMP721/722-deficient plants suggests that SYT5 contributes to plant immunity to Pst DC3000 by promoting the SYP132-VAMP721/722 immune secretory pathway. (molcells.org)
Free2
  • Who demonstrated that open tubes of broth remained free of bacteria when air was free of dust? (labtestsguide.com)
  • John Tyndall, an Irish physicist, conducted experiments in the 1860s that demonstrated that open tubes of broth remained free of bacteria when air was free of dust. (labtestsguide.com)
Immune1
Host1
  • Amongst these, the T3SS- also called injectosome is responsible for the injection of toxins into the eukaryotic host cell and thus majorly determines the degree of pathogenicity ( Cornelis, 2006 ). (frontiersin.org)
Plants1
  • In the plants being exposed to environmental stresses, ion channels are likely activated to convert these external stimuli into intracellular signals. (globalsciencebooks.info)
Cells5
  • [4] mitochondria and chloroplasts had been seen in cells, [5] and their similarity to bacteria noted. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mitochondria were once bacteria , but now they cannot live outside animal cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bacteria are simple cells with simple organization of cellular structure and limited compartmentalization as compared to eukaryotes. (easyreport.in)
  • Recently, different strategies to detect RNA-RNA duplexes in living cells, so called direct duplex detection (DDD) methods, have been developed. (uni-stuttgart.de)
  • Once ingested, these bacteria invade intestinal epithelial cells and translocate to the liver, where they grow inside hepatic cells. (pressbooks.pub)
Present1
  • Having this specific rhizobia present is beneficial to the legume, as the N2 fixation can increase crop yield. (wikipedia.org)
Include1
Specific1
Group1