• Microfilaments, also called actin filaments, are protein filaments in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that form part of the cytoskeleton. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mechanism in which actin creates long filaments was first described in the mid 1980. (wikipedia.org)
  • Actin filaments are assembled in two general types of structures: bundles and networks. (wikipedia.org)
  • Much like microtubules, actin filaments are polarized. (wikipedia.org)
  • Swiss Mouse Embryo Fibroblast Cells with MitoTracker Red CMXRos, Alexa Fluor 488, and DAPI - A log phase culture of embryonic Swiss mouse fibroblast cells was stained with MitoTracker Red CMXRos, Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated to phalloidin, and DAPI, which target the intracellular mitochondrial network, cytoskeletal actin filaments, and nuclei, respectively. (fsu.edu)
  • In much the same way that each of our bodies depends on bones for mechanical integrity and strength, each cell within our bodies is governed mechanically by a skeleton of composite materials including protein polymers (such as actin filaments) and motor proteins (myosin), called the cytoskeleton. (nanowerk.com)
  • The computer-aided homology modelling revealed that Rg1 preferentially positioned in the actin binding cleft of myosin IIA and might block the binding of myosin IIA to actin filaments. (ijbs.com)
  • The cytoskeletal network is composed of three different protein structures named filaments: microtubules, microfilaments (actin), and intermediate filaments. (ptglab.com)
  • Monomers of the globular actin (G-actin) polymerize to form actin filaments (F-actin), long and thin fibers. (ptglab.com)
  • Actin filaments are very flexible and show a helical structure. (ptglab.com)
  • Actin filaments form bands close to the plasma membrane. (ptglab.com)
  • Many different cellular processes related to cell shape or cell motion depend on actin filaments. (ptglab.com)
  • Thus, intermediate filaments do not have as rigidly defined a structure as actin filaments or microtubules.Regardless of the composition, intermediate filaments have a diameter of around 10 nm. (ptglab.com)
  • These filaments are less dynamic and flexible than microtubules and actin filaments. (ptglab.com)
  • Second, HPO-30 ICD directly binds to the sides and barbed end of actin filaments. (stanford.edu)
  • It comprises three major filament systems-actin, microtubules, and intermediate filaments-along with a host of adaptors, regulators, molecular motors, and additional structural proteins. (cshlpress.com)
  • TGB ectopic expression experiments revealed that TGB3 is a major elicitor of filament thickening, that TGB2 resulted in formation of intermediate DsRed:Talin filaments, and that TGB1 alone had no obvious effects on actin filament structure. (ppjonline.org)
  • We assumed that actin filaments observed under fluorescence microscopy, appear brighter when thicker, we thus presumed that nodes corresponding to pixels with higher actin density were linked by stiffer interactions. (univ-amu.fr)
  • Using total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy, we directly visualized the assembly of individual actin filaments in various sizes of PEG crowded conditions. (ucf.edu)
  • Fluorescent derivatives of phalloidin have turned out to be enormously useful in localizing actin filaments in fixed cells and tissues, as well as, for visualizing individual actin filaments in vitro . (aatbio.com)
  • Interactions between F-actin and regulatory proteins such as actin-binding proteins rapidly assemble and disassemble actin filaments organizing them into actin bundles and cytoskeletal networks. (aatbio.com)
  • Once bound to F-actin, phalloidin shifts the equilibrium of monomers and filaments toward the filaments position, and inhibits ATP-hydrolysis. (aatbio.com)
  • The interaction stabilizes actin filaments by preventing subunit dissociation, and it promotes actin polymerization by lowering the critical concentration. (aatbio.com)
  • Unlike some antibodies against actin, phalloidin's capacity to bind more tightly to actin filaments over monomers decreases non-specific staining and background noise, producing better contrast between stained and unstained areas. (aatbio.com)
  • Due to its notable staining abilities, an array of phalloidin derivatives has been developed to study and visualize actin filaments and actin-related structures. (aatbio.com)
  • In cardiomyocytes, cardiac actin (encoded by ACTC1 ) is a major component of the thin filaments in the sarcomere. (cd-genomics.com)
  • Actin filaments are linked to α-actinin and to membrane through vinculin. (wikidoc.org)
  • The tail domain of vinculin binds to membrane lipids and to actin filaments. (wikidoc.org)
  • Alpha-catenin participates in regulation of actin -containing cytoskeletal filaments. (wikidoc.org)
  • In epithelial cells, E-cadherin-containing cell-to-cell junctions are often adjacent to actin-containing filaments of the cytoskeleton . (wikidoc.org)
  • The smallest of the cytoskeletal filaments. (centralx.com)
  • They are primarily composed of polymers of actin, but are modified by and interact with numerous other proteins in the cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • A class of actin-binding proteins, called cross-linking proteins, dictate the formation of these structures. (wikipedia.org)
  • These structures are regulated by many other classes of actin-binding proteins, including motor proteins, branching proteins, severing proteins, polymerization promoters, and capping proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • End-capping proteins such as CapZ prevent the addition or loss of monomers at the filament end where actin turnover is unfavorable, such as in the muscle apparatus. (wikipedia.org)
  • Actin polymerization together with capping proteins were recently used to control the 3-dimensional growth of protein filament so as to perform 3D topologies useful in technology and the making of electrical interconnect. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cytoskeletal system is not at thermodynamic equilibrium and this non-equilibrium drives motor proteins that are the force generators in cells. (nanowerk.com)
  • They can form their own network, shaped by several actin-binding proteins. (ptglab.com)
  • Microtubules form the most rigid part of the cytoskeleton and are responsible for the intracellular movement of organelles or proteins. (ptglab.com)
  • These dual functions provide an intriguing model of how membrane proteins can integrate distinct mechanisms to fine-tune local actin dynamics. (stanford.edu)
  • 8] P. Girard and R. M. Nerem, "Shear Stress Modulates Endothelial Cell Morphology and F-Actin Organization Through the Regulation of Focal Adhesion-Associated Proteins," J. Cell. (fujipress.jp)
  • To determine the mechanisms leading to actin remodeling, fluorescent protein fusions of the BSMV triple gene block (TGB) proteins were coexpressed in cells with the actin marker DsRed: Talin. (ppjonline.org)
  • Intracellular transport of plant viruses during infection operates via unique interactions between viral proteins and selected host cytoskeletal and membrane elements. (ppjonline.org)
  • The intracellular environment where actin assembly occurs is crowded with various organelles, proteins, and macromolecules that limit the accessible volume for biomolecular reactions. (ucf.edu)
  • To determine the intracellular consequences of a delay in assembly, we compared the distribution of cytoskeletal proteins during the formation of native and recFN matrices by immunofluorescence at various time points. (princeton.edu)
  • Lasma membrane integrity will allow access of biotin to intracellular proteins. (adenosine-receptor.com)
  • Western blotting for any protein expressed exclusively in an intracellular compartment which include the endoplasmic reticulum may be used to detect biotinylation of intracellular proteins. (adenosine-receptor.com)
  • Alternatively, cytoskeletal proteins such as actin or ezrin may possibly be made use of to test for contamination in the biotinylated protein samples with intracellular proteins. (adenosine-receptor.com)
  • Cytoskeletal proteins may possibly type complexes with transmembrane proteins and smaller amounts with the cytoskeletal proteins may be detected within the biotinylated protein samples. (adenosine-receptor.com)
  • Nonetheless, in our knowledge, the ratio of biotinylated/WCL ezrin or actin is 1:1,000 and as a result, these proteins are appropriate for determination of cell membrane integrity in the biotinylation-based assays. (adenosine-receptor.com)
  • Myosins are conserved proteins that serve as actin-dependent molecular motors, playing important roles in the cytoskeleton. (cusabio.com)
  • Actin is a highly conserved family of proteins that form microfilaments. (aatbio.com)
  • They are polymers of actin subunits (globular actin, or G-actin), which as part of the fiber are referred to as filamentous actin, or F-actin. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition, the cells were simultaneously probed for DNA with the ultraviolet-absorbing probe DAPI, and for the cytoskeletal filamentous actin network with Alexa Fluor 488 conjugated to phalloidin. (fsu.edu)
  • Actin possesses a unique ability to dynamically polymerize into filamentous actin (F-actin) from its monomeric state. (aatbio.com)
  • Subsequently, ADP-actin dissociates slowly from the pointed end, a process significantly accelerated by the actin-binding protein, cofilin. (wikipedia.org)
  • Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) is a major structural adaptor protein governing signaling complex formation and cytoskeletal dynamics. (jneurosci.org)
  • ILK forms an obligate heterotrimeric complex with particularly interesting Cys-His-rich protein (PINCH) and parvin, which together lend stability to the actin cytoskeleton at focal adhesions ( Brakebusch and Fässler, 2003 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • The pathological protein Tau and amyloid-β contributes to the disrupted microglial signaling pathways, actin cytoskeleton, and cellular receptor expression. (preprints.org)
  • Actin is an abundant protein in all eukaryotic cells. (ptglab.com)
  • In this complex, the claudin-like transmembrane protein HPO-30 recruits the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC) to dendrite branching sites, stimulating the Arp2/3 complex to polymerize actin. (stanford.edu)
  • Binding to the barbed end requires ICD dimerization and inhibits both actin polymerization and depolymerization, resembling the actin capping protein CapZ. (stanford.edu)
  • A lager expansion of the cell area accompanied by a greater development of actin cytoskeleton and talin1, a greater adhesion strength of CTEs to each disk, and higher gene expression level of focal adhesion protein were observed with the mirror-polished surface than the mechanically polished surface both Ti and Ce-TZP/Al 2 O 3 disks. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) is a new intracellular modulator of P2X3 receptors. (shengsci.com)
  • Actin is an abundant and essential cytoskeletal protein that plays a central role in eukaryotic cell structure and motility. (ucf.edu)
  • cortactin a cytoskeletal protein that that is involved in coordinating actin reorganization during cell movement. (affbiotech.cn)
  • Due to its intracellular abundance in eukaryotic cells, well within micromolar concentrations, actin participates in the most protein-protein interactions than any other known protein. (aatbio.com)
  • The C-terminus is linked to the basal layer of the extracellular membrane via a DCM-related protein, and the N-terminus is linked to the intracellular cytoskeletal protein F-actin. (cd-genomics.com)
  • C) Lysates were prepared from the cells and IRE1, GFP, or actin protein levels were measured by immunoblot analyses using specific antibodies. (iwap2018.com)
  • Chlamydia trachomatis attachment to cells induces the secretion of the elementary body-associated protein TARP (Translocated Actin Recruiting Protein). (elsevierpure.com)
  • It then surveys the roles of the cytoskeleton in processes such as intracellular transport, cell motility, signal transduction, and cell division. (cshlpress.com)
  • These higher-order structures provide the mechanical and structural support essential for a multitude of cellular processes including intracellular transport, cytokinesis, cell motility, polarity and cell shape, gene regulation and signal transduction. (aatbio.com)
  • 5] J. H. Wang, "Substrate Deformation Determines Actin Cytoskeleton Reorganization: A Mathematical Modeling and Experimental Study," J. Theor. (fujipress.jp)
  • Assembly of native FN induced a rapid reorganization of actin into stress fibers and colocalization of α5β1 integrin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), vinculin, and paxillin to regions of cell-matrix contact. (princeton.edu)
  • α5β1 integrins and FAK are also clustered upon binding of FNΔIII 1-7 to cells but actin reorganization and focal adhesion formation are delayed and appear to be dependent on the formation of FNΔIII 1-7 fibrils. (princeton.edu)
  • In inducing cell motility, one end of the actin filament elongates while the other end contracts, presumably by myosin II molecular motors. (wikipedia.org)
  • In vivo actin polymerization is catalyzed by a class of filament end-tracking molecular motors known as actoclampins. (wikipedia.org)
  • Upon release, the free actin monomer slowly dissociates from ADP, which in turn rapidly binds to the free ATP diffusing in the cytosol, thereby forming the ATP-actin monomeric units needed for further barbed-end filament elongation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cytoskeleton is the intracellular filament system that controls the morphology of a cell, allows it to move, and provides trafficking routes for intracellular transport. (cshlpress.com)
  • Barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) induces massive actin filament thickening at the infection front of infected Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. (ppjonline.org)
  • Latrunculin B (LatB) treatments retarded BSMV cell-to-cell movement, disrupted actin filament organization, and dramatically decreased the proportion of paired TGB3 foci appearing at the cell wall (CW). (ppjonline.org)
  • Macromolecular crowding has been shown to affect actin filament assembly, however, how crowder size impacts actin assembly dynamics and kinetics is not well understood. (ucf.edu)
  • In this thesis, we investigate how the excluded volume effects caused by crowding influences actin filament assembly kinetics by using synthetic polymeric crowder, polyethylene glycol (PEG), of various molecular weights. (ucf.edu)
  • We quantified actin filament growth rates that depend on the size of crowder. (ucf.edu)
  • These results demonstrate that the size of macromolecular crowding agents can modulate actin filament assembly kinetics, possibly by controlling the volume fractions. (ucf.edu)
  • In vitro actin polymerization, or nucleation, starts with the self-association of three G-actin monomers to form a trimer. (wikipedia.org)
  • degrees of phosphorylated cortactin (a downstream focus on of Src kinase involved with actin polymerization) had been considerably raised 1 and 3 times post IOP normalization and came back to control amounts by time 5. (ees2010prague.org)
  • Such cytoskeletal changes appeared to render the eggs more receptive to sperm, as judged by the significant alleviation of polyspermy by latrunculin-A and mycalolide-B. In addition, our fluorimetric assay provided the first evidence that nicotine directly accelerates polymerization kinetics of G-actin and attenuates depolymerization of preassembled F-actin. (mdpi.com)
  • A two-step actin polymerization mechanism drives dendrite branching. (stanford.edu)
  • The organization and extent of polymerization of the actin within each cell controls the confinement the NPs experience and their ability to diffuse. (upenn.edu)
  • Flagella from E. coli O157 (H7), EPEC O127 (H6) and S. Typhimurium (P1 and P2 flagella) were shown to bind to purified intracellular components of the actin cytoskeleton and directly increase in vitro actin polymerization rates. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Upon prolonged high intracellular rises in Ca 2+ , platelets develop a procoagulant phenotype that is characterized by the surface membrane exposure of phosphatidylserine and by the inactivation of integrin α IIb β 3 (procoagulant platelet population) ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Together, our work demonstrates ILK as necessary for normal oligodendrocyte development, reinforces its role as a bridge between the actin cytoskeleton and cell membrane, and highlights the overarching compensatory capacity of oligodendrocytes in response to cellular milieu. (jneurosci.org)
  • The Rg1 treatment also abolished H 2 O 2 -induced morphological changes, including cell rounding, membrane blebbing, neurite retraction and nuclei condensation, which were generated by myosin IIA-actin interaction. (ijbs.com)
  • Previous studies on the highly branched Caenorhabditis elegans PVD sensory neuron identified a membrane co-receptor complex that links extracellular signals to intracellular actin remodeling machinery, promoting high-order dendrite branching. (stanford.edu)
  • The cytoskeletal network along the edge of with membrane whorls (11). (cdc.gov)
  • Flagella interactions with host cell surfaces were intimate and crossed cellular boundaries as demarcated by actin and membrane labelling. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Therefore, this study shows that therapeutic concentrations of ketamine can disrupt F-actin and microtubular cytoskeletons possibly through suppression of intracellular calcium mobilization and cellular ATP synthesis due to downregulation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and complex I enzyme activity. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • We propose that flagella interactions with host cell membranes and cytoskeletal components may help prime intimate attachment and invasion for E. coli O157:H7 and S. Typhimurium, respectively. (ed.ac.uk)
  • Our results indicate that actin cytoskeleton interactions are important in BSMV cell-to-cell movement and for CW localization of TGB3. (ppjonline.org)
  • Our custom made algorithm converted the 2D image of an actin network into a map of contractile interactions inside a 2D node grid, each node representing a group of pixels. (univ-amu.fr)
  • This enabled us to create a system of heterogeneous interactions which represent the spatial organization of the contractile actin network. (univ-amu.fr)
  • Crowding agents, such as polysaccharides or inert polymeric molecules, are used to mimic the conditions present in intracellular spaces and provide a better understanding of interactions inside the cell. (ucf.edu)
  • Figure 2(c) illustrates a culture of Indian Muntjac cells that were labeled with phalloidin conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 for the intracellular actin cytoskeletal network. (microscopyu.com)
  • Note the absence of signals from the orange (Alexa Fluor 555) and far-red fluorophores, but the presence of intense green fluorescence from several of the more prominent actin cytoskeletal elements. (microscopyu.com)
  • The isolated 3T3 cell presented in the digital image above was resident in an adherent culture stained for F-actin with Alexa Fluor 568 conjugated to phalloidin, and for DNA with 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole ( DAPI ). (fsu.edu)
  • Many dynamic cellular processes cooperate with the cytoskeleton, such as cell motion, cell division, intracellular transport, and cell signaling. (ptglab.com)
  • For instance, our results stated that the ratio between intra and extra cellular compression is inversely proportional to intracellular tension. (univ-amu.fr)
  • Assembly of a fibronectin (FN) matrix is a multistep process which influences a number of cellular functions including intracellular cytoskeletal organization and signaling responses. (princeton.edu)
  • This leads to cytoskeletal remodeling and boosts cellular capabilities in proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, and migration. (cusabio.com)
  • Compared to actin antibodies, non-specific binding of phalloidin is negligible, thus providing minimal background and high-contrast during cellular imaging. (aatbio.com)
  • Mechanical and Structural astrocytic response to raised IOP most likely consists of integrin signaling and actin cytoskeletal dynamics [29, 30]. (ees2010prague.org)
  • Integrins are transmembrane receptors that hyperlink the extracellular matrix (ECM) environment towards the intracellular actin cytoskeleton and focal adhesion dynamics [31]. (ees2010prague.org)
  • We hypothesize that actin-based astrocyte expansion dynamics inside the ONH certainly are a delicate signal of astrocyte reactivity to raised IOP, which structural adjustments of astrocyte extensions are of integrin signaling downstream. (ees2010prague.org)
  • It also enabled us to study different scenarios which may indicate the mechanical role of other cytoskeletal components such as microtubules. (univ-amu.fr)
  • These findings put some insights into the unique neuroprotective properties of Rg1 associated with the regulation of myosin IIA-actin cytoskeletal structure under oxidative stress and provide experimental evidence for Rg1 in CNS diseases. (ijbs.com)
  • These data suggest that there may be subtypes of the PGE1 receptor in this clone: a high-affinity receptor mediating cyclic AMP formation, and a low-affinity receptor mediating IP accumulation, cyclic GMP formation, and intracellular calcium mobilization. (shengsci.com)
  • Fluorescent phalloidin derivatives have been used as an important tool in the study of actin networks at high resolution. (aatbio.com)
  • Because actin is essential in so many biological processes, tools (actin-specific antibody and phalloidin derived stains) for the visualization of these actin structures are essential in research. (aatbio.com)
  • In fixed cells, actin structures can be visualized by actin antibodies, fluorescent phalloidin, or electron microscopy. (aatbio.com)
  • Correctly designed fluorescent phalloidin only binding to the native quaternary structure of F-actin and therefore have a low background. (aatbio.com)
  • After fixation in 4% formaldehyde, cells were stained with F-actin probe Phalloidin-iFluor™ 633 Phalloidin (Cat No. 23125 ) and nuclear counterstain Nuclear Blue™ DCS1 (Cat No. 17548 ). (aatbio.com)
  • As a consequence, these characteristics have made phalloidin derivatives useful stains in visualizing F-actin and cytoskeletal networks. (aatbio.com)
  • Phalloidin derivatives are water soluble and when used at nanomolar concentrations can selectively stain F-actin. (aatbio.com)
  • phalloidin shows actin (red), Mouse monoclonal to KI67 and DAPI shows nuclei (blue). (iwap2018.com)
  • ATP-bound actin then itself binds the barbed end, and the ATP is subsequently hydrolyzed. (wikipedia.org)
  • It consists of 5 cadherin repeats (EC1 ~ EC5) in the extracellular domain, one transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain that binds p120-catenin and beta-catenin . (wikidoc.org)
  • After computation, we applied a graphical approach on the original actin image, which enabled us to calculate tension forces throughout the cell, or in a particular region or even in single stress fibers. (univ-amu.fr)
  • Actin and myosin are key components in muscle contraction and cell motility. (nanowerk.com)
  • Accordingly, the neuroprotective mechanism of Rg1 is related to the activity that inhibits myosin IIA-actin interaction and the caspase-3/ROCK1/MLC signaling pathway. (ijbs.com)
  • Functionally, myosin motors have emerged as powerful players that drive cytoplasmic streaming, actin organization, and cell expansion ( Figure 1 ) [3-6] . (cusabio.com)
  • Phosphorylating MYL9 improves the interaction between myosin and actin, as well as enhances ATPase activity in the myosin light chain head. (cusabio.com)
  • Its amino-terminal acidic domain associates with the Arp2/3 and WASP complex at F-actin branches. (affbiotech.cn)
  • Matt Welch's purification of Arp2/3 as the host factor that nucleates actin on the surface of Listeria is one of Goley's all-time favorite experiments: "I love the concept that intracellular pathogens are the best cell biologists around and that we can learn so much about fundamental cell biology by discovering how they manipulate it to their advantage. (rupress.org)
  • So Goley spent her postgraduate years in Welch's laboratory investigating the mechanisms of Arp2/3 activation ( 1 ) as well as baculovirus-induced actin rearrangements ( 2 ). (rupress.org)
  • The Rac GTPase is also activated, resulting in WAVE2 and Arp2/3-dependent recruitment of actin to the sites of chlamydia attachment. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Integrin receptor activity network marketing leads to immediate activation of a genuine variety of intracellular kinases, like the focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and Src kinase family [32]. (ees2010prague.org)
  • Furthermore, almost 100 ONH actin cytoskeletal and integrin-related gene appearance patterns are changed with early glaucomatous damage in rodent types of glaucoma [39, 40]. (ees2010prague.org)
  • As a result, astrocyte integrin-based downstream and signaling actin cytoskeletal replies might provide a connection between raised IOP, astrocyte reactivity, and eventual axonal degeneration and injury. (ees2010prague.org)
  • Right here, we determine the astrocytic actin-based structural response, aswell as main molecular replies downstream of integrin signaling, inside the ONH after 8 hours of IOP elevation within a rat model. (ees2010prague.org)
  • This work provides a foundation for a mechanism of how the dynamic cytoskeletal assembly occurs in living cells. (ucf.edu)
  • Collectively, these data implicate TARP in signaling to the actin cytoskeleton remodeling machinery, demonstrating a mechanism by which C.trachomatis invades non-phagocytic cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Tubulin, Actin, and DNA Distribution in 3T3 Cells - A culture of 3T3 cells was immunofluorescently labeled with primary anti-tubulin mouse monoclonal antibodies followed by goat anti-mouse Fab fragments conjugated to the cyanine dye, Cy3. (fsu.edu)
  • MreB and FtsZ had only been demonstrated to be true homologues of actin and tubulin, respectively, when their structures were solved about five years prior. (rupress.org)
  • It possesses a high binding affinity for the grooves between F-actin subunits over monomeric G-actin. (aatbio.com)
  • Endothelial cells (ECs) adapt to mechanical environments such as cyclic stretching by altering their morphology and cytoskeletal structure. (fujipress.jp)
  • The images presented in Figure 2 demonstrate the performance of this filter combination with a variety of blue-absorbing fluorescence probes targeted at different intracellular locations. (microscopyu.com)
  • We thus developed a computational mechanical model based on a reconstruction of the cytoskeleton of an adherent cell from fluorescence staining of the actin network and focal adhesions ( FA). (univ-amu.fr)
  • Bulk fluorescence intensity was monitored to evaluate the effect of crowder size on actin assembly kinetics. (ucf.edu)
  • The current study is to reveal the regulatory effects of Rg1 on cytoskeletal and morphological lesion in oxidative stress-induced neuronal apoptosis. (ijbs.com)
  • To understand the contribution of strain in contact area between focal adhesions (FAs) and the substrate to morphological and cytoskeletal changes in cells, we applied cyclic stretching to ECs using a microsubstrate with arrays of micropillars on which cells were selectively stretched between FAs but FA-substrate contact area were hardly stretched. (fujipress.jp)
  • Therefore FN matrix assembly depends on the precise coordination and synergy between extracellular events and intracellular pathways. (nature.com)
  • In addition, FN has been shown to inhibit apoptosis via various intracellular pathways 20 . (nature.com)
  • Note the prominent staining of the intracellular microtubule network that extends throughout the cytoplasm. (microscopyu.com)
  • The impact of cytoskeletal organization and connectivity on non-specific NP mobility was probed by injecting NPs with 5k PEG brushes (10 nm hydrodynamic diameter) into the cytoplasm of healthy, fibroblasts, and cancerous, fibrosarcoma, cells, as well as within these cells exposed to cytoskeletal destabilizers, cytoclasin D and nocodazole. (upenn.edu)
  • It allows direct access to the two main intracellular compartments, the nucleus and cytoplasm. (upenn.edu)
  • Oxidative stress-induced cytoskeletal dysfunction of neurons has been implicated as a crucial cause of cell apoptosis or death in the central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. (ijbs.com)
  • As a card-carrying cell biologist, Goley was next drawn to the fledgling field of bacterial cell biology and brought her expertise in eukaryotic cytoskeletal biochemistry to studying the cytoskeleton of Caulobacter crescentus as a postdoctoral researcher with Lucy Shapiro at Stanford University. (rupress.org)
  • is an intracellular parasite that reconfigures its host cell to promote pathogenesis. (iwap2018.com)
  • Upon infection, activates IRE1, engaging its noncanonical role in actin remodeling through the binding of filamin A. By inducing cytoskeletal remodeling via IRE1 oligomerization in host cells, enhances host cell migration and dissemination of the parasite to host organs to induce dissemination of infected cells, providing new insights into strategies for treatment of toxoplasmosis. (iwap2018.com)
  • is an obligate intracellular parasite capable of infecting any nucleated cell in warm-blooded vertebrates. (iwap2018.com)
  • The application of neuroprotectants rescuing the neurons from cytoskeletal damage and apoptosis can be a potential treatment for these CNS diseases. (ijbs.com)
  • The results demonstrated that pre-treatment with Rg1 (0.1-10 μM) attenuated hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 )-induced neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress through reducing the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) level. (ijbs.com)
  • The intrinsically disordered cytoplasmic tail of a dendrite branching receptor uses two distinct mechanisms to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. (stanford.edu)
  • We show that TARP participates directly in chlamydial invasion activating the Rac-dependent signaling cascade to recruit actin. (elsevierpure.com)
  • We report here our biochemical and structural analysis of this interaction, revealing that the intracellular domain (ICD) of HPO-30 is intrinsically disordered and employs two distinct mechanisms to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. (stanford.edu)
  • LIMK1 is likely to be a component of an intracellular signaling pathway and may be involved in brain development. (thermofisher.com)
  • When actin was disrupted with cytoclasin D, diffusion was increased in the fibroblast cells, while diffusion was minimally impacted in fibrosarcomas. (upenn.edu)
  • Because the actin cytoskeleton is a very dynamic and labile structure in living cells it typically requires either cold methanol or paraformaldehyde fixation prior to labeling actin. (aatbio.com)
  • In this study, we attempted to evaluate the effects of ketamine on F-actin and microtubular cytoskeletons in human hepatoma HepG2 cells and its possible molecular mechanisms. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • Ketamine did not change the production of actin or microtubulin mRNA in HepG2 cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • These results suggest that the structural framework of the matrix plays an important role in the ability of FN to initiate intracellular responses. (princeton.edu)
  • Hard tapping using appropriate amplitude set- showed detailed intracellular changes during replication in points was performed with some samples to show two dimensions. (cdc.gov)
  • Besides, ROCK promotes the elevation of intracellular Ca 2+ concentration, which activates MLCK [12] . (cusabio.com)
  • In parallel, levels of intracellular calcium concentration- and timedependently decreased after ketamine administration. (tmu.edu.tw)
  • The book is thus essential reading for students learning about intracellular structure. (cshlpress.com)