• Distal humerus fractures in adults are relatively uncommon injuries, representing only about 3% of all fractures in adults. (medscape.com)
  • In young adults, most distal humerus fractures occur from high-energy trauma, sideswipe injuries, motor vehicle accidents, falls from heights, and gunshot wounds. (medscape.com)
  • Humerus fractures usually occur after physical trauma, falls, excess physical stress, or pathological conditions. (wikipedia.org)
  • Falls that produce humerus fractures among the elderly are usually accompanied by a preexisting risk factor for bone fracture, such as osteoporosis, a low bone density, or vitamin B deficiency. (wikipedia.org)
  • Proximal humerus fractures most often occur among elderly people with osteoporosis who fall on an outstretched arm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Distal humerus fractures usually occur as a result of physical trauma to the elbow region. (wikipedia.org)
  • Definitive diagnosis of humerus fractures is typically made through radiographic imaging. (wikipedia.org)
  • Surgical treatment of distal humerus fractures can lead to numerous complications. (sicot-j.org)
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between a number of screws in the distal segment and complication rate for surgical treatment of distal humerus fractures. (sicot-j.org)
  • We performed a single-center retrospective cohort study of 27 patients who underwent ORIF of distal humerus fractures C-type with at least six months of radiographic and clinical follow-up. (sicot-j.org)
  • This is a single-center retrospective cohort study of 27 consecutive unselected patients who underwent ORIF of distal humerus fractures AO type C between 2007 and 2017. (sicot-j.org)
  • Complications may include injury to an artery or nerve, and compartment syndrome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some fractures may lead to serious complications including a condition known as compartment syndrome . (wikipedia.org)
  • If patients have calcaneal swelling and tenderness after a high-energy axial load to the calcaneus, check the Bohler angle on x-ray, and check for thoracolumbar compression fracture and compartment syndrome. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Clinicians should also check for other injuries, such as thoracolumbar compression fractures and compartment syndrome. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Fracture displacement is largely due to the pull of the triceps. (boneandspine.com)
  • These fractures are treated with immobilization or surgery, depending on the degree of displacement and angulation. (aafp.org)
  • In general, simple fracture configurations, with minimal displacement and located within the diaphysis in young patients can potentially be adequately splinted if they are distal to the elbow or stifle. (vin.com)
  • Dynamic biomechanical loading in degrees of flexion from 0° to 90° is carried out to determine yield load, stiffness, displacement, and changes in fracture gap width as well as bending of the dorsal plate. (bvsalud.org)
  • Surgery is considered for avulsion fracture where the fragment is larger than 1/3 of the joint surface and there is more than 2 mm of displacement or there is volar subluxation of the distal phalanx which is not reducible in a splint. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Non-operative management requires a long period of immobilisation and non-weight bearing, however is sometimes indicated for fractures with minimal displacement in a non-ambulatory or very co-morbid patient. (teachmesurgery.com)
  • The classification is commonly used to classify distal femur fractures into extra-articular (type A), partial articular (type B), and complete articular (type C). (teachmesurgery.com)
  • Olecranon fractures range from simple nondisplaced fractures to complex fracture-dislocations of the elbow joint. (boneandspine.com)
  • Capitellar fractures may be associated with radial head fractures and posterior dislocations of the elbow. (medscape.com)
  • In addition to fractures, musculoskeletal injuries include Joint dislocations. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Check for glenohumeral joint dislocation - Dislocations with associated isolated greater tuberosity fracture can be reduced under conscious sedation. (orthojournalhms.org)
  • Ruchelsman et al evaluated clinical, radiographic, and functional outcomes after open reduction and internal fixation of capitellar fractures in 16 patients. (medscape.com)
  • Complications of distal humerus open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) occur in up to 35% of patients [ 2 - 4 ]. (sicot-j.org)
  • The cause of a humerus fracture is usually physical trauma such as a fall. (wikipedia.org)
  • Middle fractures are usually caused by either physical trauma or falls. (wikipedia.org)
  • Physical trauma to the humerus shaft tends to produce transverse fractures whereas falls tend to produce spiral fractures. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the elbow is bent during the trauma, then the olecranon is driven upward, producing a T- or Y-shaped fracture or displacing one of the condyles. (wikipedia.org)
  • The olecranon process lies beneath the skin and it is very vulnerable to direct trauma. (boneandspine.com)
  • Radial head fractures may be difficult to visualize on initial imaging but should be suspected when there are limitations of elbow extension and supination following trauma. (aafp.org)
  • The association of these complications with important elements of operative decision making such as plate and/or screw construct is poorly understood, with certain literature suggesting that more screws in the distal articular segment of AO Foundation/Orthopaedic Trauma Association (AO/OTA) C-type fractures may be associated with fewer complications [ 4 ]. (sicot-j.org)
  • [1] A bone fracture may be the result of high force impact or stress , or a minimal trauma injury as a result of certain medical conditions that weaken the bones, such as osteoporosis , osteopenia , bone cancer , or osteogenesis imperfecta , where the fracture is then properly termed a pathologic fracture . (wikipedia.org)
  • The trauma and fracture orthopedic surgeons at Newport Orthopedic Institute offer expert care for all aspects of traumatic musculoskeletal injuries, including inpatient and outpatient orthopedic surgical care and rehabilitation. (newportortho.com)
  • We provide expert orthopedic trauma care for patients with complex fractures throughout the body as well as treating nonunions (fractures that do not heal post-operatively), malunions (improper alignment after a fracture) and in correcting orthopedic deformities. (newportortho.com)
  • While many fractures can be treated by general orthopedic surgeons, some can benefit from fracture specialists such as Newport Orthopedic Institute's trauma and fracture care team. (newportortho.com)
  • At Newport Orthopedic Institute, our orthopedic trauma surgeons are experienced in providing comprehensive trauma and fracture care for patients who have experienced a traumatic event such as a fall, accident or injury. (newportortho.com)
  • Distal clavicle fractures are traumatic injuries usually caused by direct trauma to the shoulder from a fall in adults. (orthobullets.com)
  • They occur both in younger patients (as the result of high energy trauma) or in older patients (from low energy trauma as a pathological fracture secondary to osteoporosis or malignancy). (teachmesurgery.com)
  • As most cases present following a fall or trauma , differentials include tibial plateau fractures , haemarthrosis , or tibial shaft fractures . (teachmesurgery.com)
  • His clinical interests include nonunions, periarticular fractures, fractures of the pelvis and acetabulum, and infections. (stanford.edu)
  • 5] As surgeons became more adept at surgical reduction and internal fixation, the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen-Association for the Study of Internal Fixation (AO-ASIF) group described a classification based on fracture pattern and degree of comminution (see Classification). (medscape.com)
  • The "bag of bones" treatment was used when bone quality or fracture pattern was not sufficient to gain stable fixation. (medscape.com)
  • Difficulty arises from the varying sizes of the fracture fragment and from the amount of suitable subchondral bone that is present to achieve stable fixation and to allow early elbow motion. (medscape.com)
  • We hypothesize that the number of screws in the articular segment of distal humerus AO/OTA C-type fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) will be inversely proportional to the complication rate. (sicot-j.org)
  • In C-type fractures, the use of three or fewer articular screws was significantly associated with nonunion or loss of fixation (RR 17, p = 0.006). (sicot-j.org)
  • In this retrospective study, the use of three or fewer screws to fix articular fragments in AO type C fractures was a significant risk for nonunion or loss of fixation. (sicot-j.org)
  • INTRODUCTION: Bridge plating of distal femur fractures with lateral locking plates is susceptible to varus collapse, fixation failure, and nonunion. (stanford.edu)
  • There are certainly some complications that you never considered would develop that surprise you but in general, the surgeon can improve and limit the number of problems through a better understanding of fracture biomechanics and experience with a wide variety of patients, fixation techniques and postoperative environments. (vin.com)
  • I have seen a few acetabular fractures treated with internal fixation and an Ehmer sling develop marked periarticular fibrosis and dramatically reduced extension with a poor long term result. (vin.com)
  • The mainstay of surgical management for distal femur fractures is retrograde nailing or open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). (teachmesurgery.com)
  • In certain cases, external fixation may be used in severe comminuted or open fractures. (teachmesurgery.com)
  • The management of a peri-prosthetic distal femur fracture is more complex, and may require intramedullary nailing, open reduction internal fixation, revision to a long stem prosthesis, or a distal femoral replacement. (teachmesurgery.com)
  • Fractures of the humerus shaft are usually correctly identified with radiographic images taken from the AP and lateral viewpoints. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of the cartilaginous composition of the capitellum in children, a similar injury in a child would be a supracondylar or lateral condylar fracture. (medscape.com)
  • While medial and lateral dual plating has been described in clinical series, the biomechanical effects of dual plating of distal femur fractures have yet to be clearly defined. (stanford.edu)
  • If a calcaneal fracture is suspected, x-rays that include axial and lateral views should be taken. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Partial articular fractures can be further classified into sagittal fractures of lateral condyle, sagittal fractures of medial condyle, and coronal fractures. (teachmesurgery.com)
  • Less frequently, proximal fractures occur from motor vehicle accidents, gunshots, and violent muscle contractions from an electric shock or seizure. (wikipedia.org)
  • A stress fracture of the proximal and shaft regions can occur after an excessive amount of throwing, such as pitching in baseball. (wikipedia.org)
  • Capitellar fractures do not occur in children younger than 10 years. (medscape.com)
  • Fractures of the capitellum occur in the coronal plane. (medscape.com)
  • Ulnar neuropathy has been reported to occur in 7-15% of cases, is more common in C-type fractures, and may be related to plate placement [ 5 - 10 ]. (sicot-j.org)
  • Open fractures are particularly serious because once the skin is broken, infection in both the wound and the bone are more likely to occur. (haddla.best)
  • INTRODUCTION: Proximal ulna fractures with a large zone of comminution, such as in the context of Monteggia injuries, require mechanically strong osteosyntheses as they occur in regions with high physiological joint load. (bvsalud.org)
  • They may represent an isolated tendinous injury or occur in combination with an avulsion fracture of the dorsal base of the distal phalanx. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Complications following a distal femur fracture include malunion (more common for fractures that have been plated), non-union (can occur in up to 19%, most common in the metaphyseal area), and secondary osteoarthritis , especially those with intraarticular extension of the fracture. (teachmesurgery.com)
  • Common fractures that can be confidently treated with coaptation include: isolated diaphyseal radial or ulnar fractures (not both), one, two or three metacarpal / tarsal fractures, minimally displaced tibial crest avulsions, greenstick fractures of the tibial diaphysis and some non-articular talus and tarsal bone fractures. (vin.com)
  • In the second group, a small, ulnar 5-hole olecranon plate is added as a baby plate in addition to the mother plate at the level of the fracture zone (MBP group). (bvsalud.org)
  • These fractures can be difficult to treat surgically. (sicot-j.org)
  • Whether intra-articular calcaneal fractures should be treated surgically or nonsurgically is much debated. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The majority of distal femur fractures are managed surgically . (teachmesurgery.com)
  • One form of malunion is the malrotation of a bone, which is especially common after femoral and tibial fractures. (wikipedia.org)
  • Treatment of radial head fractures depends on the specific characteristics of the fracture using the Mason classification. (aafp.org)
  • and 2 had a fracture of the radial head. (medscape.com)
  • In 20% of patients with capitellar fractures, radial head fractures also are found. (medscape.com)
  • In a study of 4536 consecutive fractures in adults seen in the Massachusetts General Hospital emergency department, only 0.31% were supracondylar (bicolumn) fractures of the distal humerus. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical presentation of a supracondylar humerus fracture (SCHF) is that of a painful swollen elbow that the patient is hesitant to move. (medscape.com)
  • Numerous classification schemes have been devised to categorize and discuss supracondylar fractures. (medscape.com)
  • Surgical treatment of supracondylar fractures has evolved significantly over the past few decades. (medscape.com)
  • Hyperextension injuries of the elbow, and forceful throws are less common causes of olecranon fractures. (boneandspine.com)
  • Injuries consisted of 6 type I, 2 type III, and 8 type IV fractures according to the Bryan and Morrey classification. (medscape.com)
  • Traumatic events such as car accidents, sports injuries or falls often involve a direct blow or twisting of a specific body part, causing pain, swelling, inflammation or other serious complications. (newportortho.com)
  • A high proportion of mallet finger injuries will present as isolated tendon injuries without any associated avulsions fractures known as a "mallet fracture" 5 . (radiopaedia.org)
  • the most common complication in mallet finger injuries are dorsal skin complications. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Together with the coronoid process, the olecranon forms the articular surface for articulation with the trochlea of the humerus. (boneandspine.com)
  • The olecranon is uppermost posterior part of the ulna that contributes to the articular surface of ulna [trochlear groove or notch], anterior contribution being by the coronoid process . (boneandspine.com)
  • Medially, the trochlear part of the distal humerus articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna formed by the olecranon process and coronoid process. (boneandspine.com)
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS: Comminuted fractures distal to the coronoid process, equivalent to Jupiter type IIb fractures, are generated on artificial Sawbones® of the ulna and stabilized using two different plate osteosyntheses: in the first group, a dorsal locking compression olecranon plate is used (LCP group). (bvsalud.org)
  • A CT scan may be done in proximal fractures to gather further details. (wikipedia.org)
  • In proximal fractures that remain well aligned, a sling is often sufficient. (wikipedia.org)
  • Other risk factors for proximal fractures include having a low bone mineral density, having impaired vision and balance, and tobacco smoking. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fractures of the radius and ulna are the most common fractures of the upper extremity, with distal fractures occurring more often than proximal fractures. (aafp.org)
  • Greenstick fractures, which have cortical disruption, are also common in children. (aafp.org)
  • Depending on the degree of angulation, buckle and greenstick fractures can be managed with immobilization. (aafp.org)
  • I do not favor management of any humeral or femoral fractures with coaptation alone. (vin.com)
  • Distal femur fractures are fractures extending from the distal metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction of the femur to the articular surface of the femoral condyles. (teachmesurgery.com)
  • A Hoffa fracture is a specific type of type B articular distal femoral fracture in which there is a fracture of the posterior aspect of the femoral condyles in the coronal plane. (teachmesurgery.com)
  • For complicated fractures, computed tomography (CT) also can be helpful with regard to surgical planning. (medscape.com)
  • Combined fractures involving both the ulna and radius generally require surgical correction. (aafp.org)
  • One or more subsequent surgical procedures were required in 18 patients (67%), 8 of which were for surgical complications. (medscape.com)
  • Surgical options may be considered for specific fracture patterns in younger patients. (orthojournalhms.org)
  • Other complications may include non-union, where the fractured bone fails to heal, or malunion, where the fractured bone heals in a deformed manner. (wikipedia.org)
  • Importantly, the authors noted that the majority of capitellar fractures turned out to be complex fractures of the articular surface involving both the capitellum and the trochlea. (medscape.com)
  • The triceps muscle inserts into the posterior third of the olecranon and proximal ulna. (boneandspine.com)
  • In this situation, the triceps muscle, which attaches to the olecranon, can pull a piece of the bone off of the ulna. (haddla.best)
  • A bone fracture (abbreviated FRX or Fx , F x , or # ) is a medical condition in which there is a partial or complete break in the continuity of any bone in the body. (wikipedia.org)
  • Stages in Fracture Repair: The healing of a bone fracture follows a series of progressive steps: (a) A fracture hematoma forms. (wikipedia.org)
  • A nondisplaced, or minimally displaced, distal radius fracture is initially treated with a sugar-tong splint, followed by a short-arm cast for a minimum of three weeks. (aafp.org)
  • 1 , 2 Although nondisplaced, or minimally displaced, fractures of the radius and ulna usually can be managed by family physicians, it is important to identify fractures that require referral to an orthopedist. (aafp.org)
  • If a severe distal fracture is suspected, then a computed tomography (CT) scan can provide greater detail of the fracture. (wikipedia.org)
  • In severe fractures, bone fragments can break through the skin, increasing the risk of infection. (haddla.best)
  • In more severe cases, the bone may be broken into several fragments, known as a comminuted fracture . (wikipedia.org)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Here, we show evidence that the addition of a small plate to the standard plate is highly effective in increasing the biomechanical stability in severe fractures equivalent to Jupiter type IIb. (bvsalud.org)
  • Every bone in the human body is susceptible to a fracture, this is especially the case as we get older and degenerative joint disease sets in or if a patient suffers a traumatic injury or undergoes a severe life-threatening accident with multiple broken bones. (newportortho.com)
  • Many humerus shaft fractures may be treated with a brace rather than surgery. (wikipedia.org)
  • Men had higher rates of complications and required more frequent revision surgery compared to women. (sicot-j.org)
  • For these fractures, surgery is required to restore both the normal anatomy of the elbow and motion in the joint. (haddla.best)
  • In my opinion, poor judgment and technical error during surgery are the cause of the majority of complications. (vin.com)
  • Post-operative complications, e.g. infection or need for further surgery, are common. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Guitton et al studied 30 partial articular fractures involving the capitellum and trochlea. (medscape.com)
  • The most common mechanism of an olecranon fracture is a fall on the semiflexed supinated forearm. (boneandspine.com)
  • In adults, distal radius fractures are the most common forearm fractures and are typically caused by a fall onto an outstretched hand. (aafp.org)
  • Isolated midshaft ulna (nightstick) fractures are often caused by a direct blow to the forearm. (aafp.org)
  • Fractures of the larger bone of the forearm. (nih.gov)
  • The terminal extensor tendon inserts on the DIP joint capsule, and so injurious force may also result in intra-articular avulsion fracture of the base of the distal phalanx. (radiopaedia.org)
  • Clinicians should consider the patient's conformation as well as the location and bone fractured and think about how effective coaptation might be in effectively achieving bone splintage as apposed to limb splintage. (vin.com)
  • The olecranon of the ulna articulates around the trochlea of the humerus. (medscape.com)
  • We discussed systemic complications including blood clot, cardiac, pulmonary, and neurology complications including death. (cortho.org)
  • In the early 1980s, the AO-ASIF group reported good and excellent results in 27 of 39 patients with comminuted fractures of the distal humerus. (medscape.com)
  • Ashwood et al presented the results of treatment of capitellar fractures in 26 patients who were followed prospectively and treated within a week of the injury. (medscape.com)
  • Patients with type IV fractures had greater magnitude of flexion contracture, reduced terminal flexion, and reduced net ulnohumeral arc. (medscape.com)
  • Nineteen of 36 (53%) patients experienced at least one complication. (sicot-j.org)
  • I enjoy the ongoing challenge of fracture repair and attempt to learn from complications that develop and then to apply that knowledge to the benefit of future patients. (vin.com)
  • 10% of patients with a calcaneal fracture have a thoracolumbar compression fracture. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Consequently, implant failure and pseudarthrosis are critical and devastating complications, especially with the background of mainly young patients being affected. (bvsalud.org)
  • Proximal and shaft fractures generally have a good outcome while outcomes with distal fractures can be less good. (wikipedia.org)
  • Displaced fractures of the humerus shaft will often cause deformity and a shortening of the length of the upper arm. (wikipedia.org)
  • Metastatic breast cancer may also cause fractures in the humerus shaft. (wikipedia.org)
  • Long spiral fractures of the shaft that are present in children may indicate physical abuse. (wikipedia.org)
  • Damage to the radial nerve from a shaft fracture can be identified by an inability to bend the hand backwards or by decreased sensation in the back of the hand. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the fracture affects the blood supply, then the patient will have a diminished pulse at the wrist. (wikipedia.org)
  • The most common mechanism of injury for radius and ulna fractures is sudden axial loading onto the radius/ulna, often from a fall onto an outstretched hand with wrist extension. (aafp.org)