IntestineAbsorptionEpitheliumAtrophyMorphologyMucosaEpithelialEnterocytesMesenteric lymphTractStem cellsHomeostasisDuodenumDigestionCapillariesBacteriaMicrovilliFetalCryptsTissuesSmallMalabsorptionFetusMiceCellsSodiumSevereClinicalFloraDevelopmentInfectionGeneDisorderHumanSurface areaDietsOccursHumansResearchersLayerNuclearAnalysisFoundInjury
Intestine22
- Intestinal villi (SG: villus) are small, finger-like projections that extend into the lumen of the small intestine. (wikipedia.org)
- The intestinal villi are much smaller than any of the circular folds in the intestine. (wikipedia.org)
- Vertical section of a villus from the dog's small intestine. (wikipedia.org)
- Transverse section of a villus, from the human intestine. (wikipedia.org)
- Enterocytes, along with goblet cells, represent the principal cell types of the epithelium of the villi in the small intestine. (wikipedia.org)
- Villi are specialized for absorption in the small intestine as they have a thin wall, one cell thick, which enables a shorter diffusion path. (wikipedia.org)
- Structure of a villus (see reference quoted in text) In diseases of the small intestine the villi can become flattened due to the effects of inflammation, and the villi can sometimes disappear. (wikipedia.org)
- 00:03:46.24 Mice are great models because, 00:03:48.12 one, their intestine looks just like humans, 00:03:51.11 with villi, 00:03:52.24 and, two, it is quite easy to change their genetics. (ibiology.org)
- 0.05), however it had no suppressive effect on villus height as the absorptive surface of intestine. (ac.ir)
- Naik, a doctoral student in the College of Engineering (opens in new window) , is researching devices to slowly dispense medication from the villi of the small intestine. (cmu.edu)
- Working with collaborators at the Beijing Institute of Technology, the Cambridge researchers based in Dr Vasant Kumar's team in the Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy developed and tested a lightweight nanostructured material which resembles villi, the finger-like protrusions which line the small intestine. (eurekalert.org)
- Immune cells damage small, fingerlike growths in the small intestine called villi, and the brushy intestinal lining becomes flattened. (medlineplus.gov)
- Here we describe a whole organ culture system that allows live imaging of the developing villi in the fetal mouse intestine. (jove.com)
- 2011 highlight the importance of three- dimensional information in understanding morphogenesis of the developing villi of the intestine 1 . (jove.com)
- Differential effect of PRC2 loss on gene repression in intestinal stem cells, transit amplifying cells, and differentiated villus cells in intestine is explained by disparity in the rate of cell division and resulting difference in H3K27me3 loss. (nih.gov)
- The objective of this study was to investigate the intestinal response in calves following a G. duodenalis infection, using a bovine high-density oligo microarray to analyze global gene expression in the small intestine. (usda.gov)
- Gnotobiotic rats are resistant to indomethacin-induced intestinal injury, while gnotobiotic rats exposed to Escherichia coli develop severe small intestine damage. (hindawi.com)
- Bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine is a major risk factor for NSAID-induced severe intestinal injury [ 4 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The enzyme lactase is in the lining of the small intestine known as the intestinal villi. (gi.org)
- These diseases have often been associated with an imbalance of the intestinal flora, with some bacteria becoming clearly predominant, and a permeable intestine, likely to release inflammatory substances into the bloodstream. (inserm.fr)
- Monoglycerides, FFAs, and free cholesterol are then solubilized in the intestine by bile acid micelles, which shuttle them to intestinal villi for absorption. (msdmanuals.com)
- In intestinal obstruction, the small intestine is dilated and gets filled with air and fluid. (medscape.com)
Absorption9
- Villi increase the internal surface area of the intestinal walls making available a greater surface area for absorption. (wikipedia.org)
- There, the villi and the microvilli increase intestinal absorptive surface area approximately 40-fold and 600-fold, respectively, providing exceptionally efficient absorption of nutrients in the lumen. (wikipedia.org)
- 00:01:18.29 These villi are extremely important for nutrient absorption. (ibiology.org)
- Microscopic villi and capillaries for digestion and absorption of food. (123rf.com)
- The increase in villus length expands the surface area of the gut and increases nutrient absorption and adiposity in mice that are fed a high-fat diet. (nature.com)
- Genetic ablation of ketohexokinase or stimulation of pyruvate kinase prevents villus elongation and abolishes the nutrient absorption and tumour growth that are induced by feeding mice with high-fructose corn syrup. (nature.com)
- Fig. 1: Dietary fructose increases intestinal villus length and lipid absorption. (nature.com)
- which could be due to an increase of intestinal villi height that leads to improve absorption of nutrients and increase body weight (Gurbuz et al. (researchgate.net)
- To get a little technical, it causes increased chloride secretion by intestinal crypt cells and decreased sodium chloride coupled absorption by villus cells. (cdc.gov)
Epithelium7
- Each villus is approximately 0.5-1.6 mm in length (in humans), and has many microvilli projecting from the enterocytes of its epithelium which collectively form the striated or brush border. (wikipedia.org)
- The intestinal epithelium consists of crypts and villi. (wjgnet.com)
- Furthermore, three-dimensional reconstruction of the actin cytoskeleton at the apical surface of the epithelium demonstrated that the intestinal lumen is continuous and that secondary lumens are an artifact of sectioning. (jove.com)
- Those two points, along with the demonstration of interkinetic nuclear migration in the intestinal epithelium, defined the developing intestinal epithelium as a pseudostratified epithelium and not stratified as previously thought 1 . (jove.com)
- Further growth of the villus is driven in part by the continued proliferation of the epithelium between the emerging villi. (jove.com)
- The mesenchymal clusters remain tightly adhered to the epithelium of the growing villus and continue to express a variety of signaling molecules. (jove.com)
- Ordinarily, bacteria cannot come close to or even cross the intestinal wall because the epithelium releases antimicrobial peptides and is lined with a protective mucus. (inserm.fr)
Atrophy4
- it avoids atrophy of the intestinal villi and facilitates faster recovery. (ivis.org)
- Celiac Disease (CD) is the gastrointestinal manifestation of the same etiology and it is characterized by atrophy of the intestinal mucosa secondary to gluten-containing diet. (scielo.br)
- DH patients rarely have gastrointestinal symptoms, but they generally present some degree of intestinal villous atrophy. (scielo.br)
- Researchers are experimenting with vaccines to reduce autoimmune inflammation and atrophy of the intestinal villi. (aromahealthtexas.com)
Morphology4
- The present study aimed to investigate chemical composition and effect of different levels (0, 10 and 20%) of raw grass pea (RGP) and heat-treated (120 °C for 30 min) grass pea seed (HGP) on nutrient digestibility, dressing percentage, relative internal organ weights, intestinal villous morphology and broiler chicks performance. (ac.ir)
- Homozygous null mice display postnatal lethality with abnormal intestinal villi morphology. (jax.org)
- It could be concluded that under the condition of the current study, the prebiotic affected performance, small intestinal morphology and immunity of broiler chickens significantly. (scielo.org.za)
- 2008). However, there are only a few comparative reports on the effects of probiotics, prebiotics and organic acids on performance, immunity and the intestinal morphology of broilers fed different levels of protein. (scielo.org.za)
Mucosa1
- They cause structural changes to the small bowel mucosa, including villus shortening and mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate in the lamina propria. (medscape.com)
Epithelial4
- Mature epithelial cells originate from the crypt and move up toward the villus tip. (wjgnet.com)
- Numerous intestinal epithelial cells lining villi contain coccidial organisms representing various life stages, including meronts (Me) containing 8 to 12 merozoites, microgametocytes (Mi), macrogametocytes (Ma), and oocysts (O). Labels appear immediately to the right of the corresponding life stage. (avma.org)
- Three-dimensional reconstruction of singly labeled intestinal cells demonstrated that the majority of the intestinal epithelial cells contact both the apical and basal surfaces. (jove.com)
- Each intestinal villus is composed of two main tissue compartments: an epithelial surface layer and a mesenchymal core. (jove.com)
Enterocytes1
- Rotaviruses attach and enter mature enterocytes at the tips of small intestinal villi. (medscape.com)
Mesenteric lymph2
- On days 8 and 16 of life the morphometry, intestinal architecture, and cytokine release, mesenteric lymph nodes cell composition, plasma immunoglobulin concentrations, fecal microbiota composition, cecal short-chain fatty acids content, and the urinary metabolic profile were assessed. (frontiersin.org)
- Ultrasonography is useful in evaluating intestinal thickness and mesenteric lymph nodes, but definitive diagnosis requires endoscopic or full thickness biopsies. (vin.com)
Tract2
- They are not primarily absorbed or metabolized by the infant and reach the lower part of the intestinal tract unaltered. (frontiersin.org)
- Recent studies suggest that long-term LDA use is associated with lower digestive tract injury and is an important factor in the development of small intestinal ulcers, bleeding, and stenosis. (hindawi.com)
Stem cells2
- These Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells reside at the bottom of the crypts and are wedged between Paneth cells, which protect and nurture stem cells. (wjgnet.com)
- The signaling network in the niche establishes the baseline for self-renewal, fate determination, proliferation, and differentiation of intestinal stem cells. (wjgnet.com)
Homeostasis2
- Wang Z, Qu YJ, Cui M. Modulation of stem cell fate in intestinal homeostasis, injury and repair. (wjgnet.com)
- We are particularly interested in emulating the host-microbiome interactions that orchestrate intestinal homeostasis and disease development. (ccf.org)
Duodenum2
Digestion2
- In the human body, villi are used to absorb the products of digestion and increase the surface area over which this process can take place. (eurekalert.org)
- A healthy gut has the right mix of microbes, enzymes and healthy intestinal villi to aid pathogen defense and feed digestion. (alltech.com)
Capillaries2
- Villus capillaries collect amino acids and simple sugars taken up by the villi into the blood stream. (wikipedia.org)
- Villus lacteals (lymph capillaries) collect absorbed chylomicrons, which are lipoproteins composed of triglycerides, cholesterol and amphipathic proteins, and are taken to the rest of the body through the lymph fluid. (wikipedia.org)
Bacteria3
- Bacteria colonising intestinal villi make up the gut microbiome. (lindau-nobel.org)
- "We wanted to see, from an early stage, how the intestinal bacteria behave in the presence of a high-fat diet," emphasises Thierry Pédron, a research engineer in the Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit (Institut Pasteur/Inserm). (inserm.fr)
- Furthermore, and as never seen before, we observed a massive concentration of bacteria between the intestinal villi. (inserm.fr)
Microvilli2
- Each of these microvilli are about 1 µm in length, around 1000 times shorter than a single villus. (wikipedia.org)
- Microvilli should not be confused with intestinal villi , which are made of many cells. (wikipedia.org)
Fetal1
- Fetal intestinal loop dilatation: Follow-up and outcome of a series of 133 consecutive cases (DILDIG Study). (cdc.gov)
Crypts2
- The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium butyrate supplementation on the development of intestinal villi and crypts of Lieberkühn in Guinea pigs during the fattening period. (edu.pe)
- The crypts generate a constant stream of new cells that differentiate and migrate upward into the villi. (wjgnet.com)
Tissues1
- The small intestinal tissues and the fecal samples were harvested. (hindawi.com)
Small10
- Cross-section histology of small intestinal villi of the human terminal ileum. (wikipedia.org)
- The incidence of small intestinal injury caused by low-dose aspirin (LDA) is high, but the pathogenesis and intervention measures of it have not been elucidated. (hindawi.com)
- Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat models of small intestinal injury were established by intragastric administration of LDA. (hindawi.com)
- Decreased Firmicutes and increased Bacteroidetes abundances in rats with LDA-induced small intestinal injury were revealed. (hindawi.com)
- The change of gut microbiota in LDA-related intestinal injury will lay the foundation for further research on the function and signaling pathways of the intestinal flora and promote the use of intestinal flora as drug targets to treat LDA-induced small intestinal injury. (hindawi.com)
- At present, the available treatment for LDA-related small intestinal injury is unsatisfactory. (hindawi.com)
- Some studies have confirmed that misoprostol, metronidazole, and ampicillin can inhibit NSAID-related small intestinal injury [ 3 ], but this approach has problems associated with insufficient intestinal protection and poor clinical feasibility. (hindawi.com)
- For example, long-term oral antibiotic usage to prevent LDA-related small intestinal injury may cause antibiotic-related bowel disease and antibiotic resistance. (hindawi.com)
- Therefore, it is necessary to further investigate the potential mechanism of LDA-related small intestinal injury to promote the prevention and treatment of this type of injury. (hindawi.com)
- Forty years ago, intestinal flora was shown to be involved in NSAID-mediated small intestinal injury. (hindawi.com)
Malabsorption3
- Rotavirus infections induce maldigestion of carbohydrates, and their accumulation in the intestinal lumen, as well as a malabsorption of nutrients and a concomitant inhibition of water reabsorption, can lead to a malabsorption component of diarrhea. (medscape.com)
- Malabsorption results from progressively reduced absorptive area in intestinal villi. (vin.com)
- Although eating lactose-containing products will result in discomfort for someone who is lactose intolerant, they are not at risk of developing more serious intestinal disease because of long-term lactose malabsorption. (gi.org)
Fetus1
Mice2
- We conducted RNA-seq, ChIP-seq, scRNA-seq experiments using purified intestinal epithleal cells from wild-type and mutant adult mice and human lymphoma cell line. (nih.gov)
- An international research study conducted by the Molecular Microbial Pathogenesis Unit (Institut Pasteur/Inserm), directed by Philippe Sansonetti, has just demonstrated, in mice, the direct influence of a diet too high in fat on the intestinal flora and its environment. (inserm.fr)
Cells2
- Here we show that dietary fructose improves the survival of intestinal cells and increases intestinal villus length in several mouse models. (nature.com)
- Those cells directly above the mesenchymal cluster that have withdrawn from the cell cycle begin to change shape as the emerging villus buckles into the lumen. (jove.com)
Sodium1
- The diet supplemented with sodium butyrate positively affected the intestinal development of Guinea pigs during the fattening period as compared to the basal diet. (edu.pe)
Severe1
Clinical2
- Clinical manifestations are related to intestinal infection, but the exact mechanism of the induction of diarrhea is not clear. (medscape.com)
- Intestinal lymphoma may develop over many months, and affected animals usually present with clinical signs of weight loss and diarrhea. (vin.com)
Flora1
- A disruptive element such as a change in diet, and the whole intestinal flora becomes disrupted, with possible repercussions for health. (inserm.fr)
Development3
- Here we describe a whole organ culture system that allows ex vivo development of villi and extensions of that culture system to allow the intestines to be three-dimensionally imaged during their development. (jove.com)
- Recent studies have found gut microbiota to be closely associated with onset and development of NSAID-induced intestinal injury. (hindawi.com)
- But although many studies have been conducted on the state of the microbiota once the disease has become established, few have focused on the development of this intestinal imbalance, e.g. when a high-fat diet is introduced. (inserm.fr)
Infection1
Gene1
- In this study, we investigated fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of changes in the gut microbiota of rats with LDA-related intestinal injury. (hindawi.com)
Disorder1
- Researches on DH have shown that it is not just a bullous skin disease, but a cutaneous-intestinal disorder caused by hypersensitivity to gluten. (scielo.br)
Human1
- We report the identifi cation of a novel en- es) and canine (distemper virus, parvovirus, adenoviruses teric calicivirus, genetically related to human noroviruses of type-1 and type-2) pathogens. (cdc.gov)
Surface area1
- This functional layer, like the intestinal villi it resembles, has a very high surface area. (eurekalert.org)
Diets1
- At 21 and 42 d of age birds fed the diets containing the prebiotic had the longest duodenal villi compared to the other treatments. (scielo.org.za)
Occurs1
- Both short- and long-term LDA use can cause insidious intestinal injury, which occurs in up to 42.1-80% of cases [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
Humans1
- Giardia duodenalis is one of the most commonly found intestinal pathogens in humans and animals. (usda.gov)
Researchers1
- The researchers then focused on these intestinal wall defences: they found that production of antimicrobial peptides fell following massive ingestion of fat, and that the mucus layer became thinner. (inserm.fr)
Layer2
- In the new lithium-sulphur battery, a layer of material with a villi-like structure, made from tiny zinc oxide wires, is placed on the surface of one of the battery's electrodes. (eurekalert.org)
- Administration of 400 mg/kg artemether resulted in transient focal vesicle degeneration of the liver or slight damage to the proprius layer lamina of intestinal villi. (ajtmh.org)
Nuclear1
- Key regulators in this intestinal response seem to be the nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARA) and gamma (PPARG), for which an up-regulated expression was seen in microarray and qRT-PCR data. (usda.gov)
Analysis1
- Villi analysis code, licensing information, and instructions for use are available at https://github.com/sam-taylor/VilliQuant . (nature.com)
Found2
- The protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis is one of the most commonly found intestinal pathogens in a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including both farm and companion animals. (usda.gov)
- The alterations in the gut microbiota composition and diversity of rats with LDA-related intestinal injury were found in the present study. (hindawi.com)
Injury3
- 00:03:00.00 drive villus recovery after injury? (ibiology.org)
- Toxin-mediated diarrhea would explain the observation that villus injury is not necessarily linked to diarrhea. (medscape.com)
- However, studies of the changes in the gut microbiota of rats with LDA-related intestinal injury have been lacking recently. (hindawi.com)