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Intestinal MucosaGastric MucosaLymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal ZoneIntestine, SmallMouth MucosaJejunumIleumDuodenumNasal MucosaColonIntestinesCeliac DiseaseMucous MembraneIntestinal AbsorptionIntestinal DiseasesEnterocytesSucraseImmunity, MucosalBacterial TranslocationChromosomes, Human, Pair 18MicrovilliGliadinIntestinal SecretionsIntestine, LargeSwineStomach NeoplasmsCARD Signaling Adaptor ProteinsGlutensColitis, UlcerativeInflammatory Bowel DiseasesEnteritisHelicobacter pyloriCrohn DiseaseEpitheliumGerm-Free LifeLaryngeal MucosaCaco-2 CellsHelicobacter InfectionsPeyer's PatchesCecumBacterial AdhesionIleitisOlfactory MucosaImmunohistochemistryDisaccharidasesBiopsyRats, Inbred StrainsDigestive SystemGastritisPermeabilityTranslocation, GeneticEpithelial CellsTrichostrongylosisColitisNeoplasm ProteinsLymphRNA, MessengerChromosomes, Human, Pair 11Lymphoid TissueMaltoseImmunoglobulin AIntestinal NeoplasmsRats, WistarAmine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)ChlordanCaspasesLiverEnterocolitisRats, Sprague-DawleyStomachDiarrheaProbioticsMicrosomesMucoproteinsAstragalus membranaceusJaundice, ObstructiveAdministration, OralMice, Inbred C57BLMicroscopy, ElectronReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionGastrointestinal TractMucinsEye NeoplasmsTime FactorsDisease Models, AnimalMesenteryUlcerProtein DeficiencyEscherichia coliRabbitsJejunal DiseasesLactobacillusDesulfovibrionaceae InfectionsMolecular Sequence DataKineticsNF-kappa BMucusMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningSerous MembraneCholera Toxin
MetaplasiaDamage to the gastric mucosaGastritisMuscularisStomachLymphoid tissue lymphomaMarginal zone lymphomaInflammationEpitheliumVilliHelicobacterLymphomasPathophysiologyPylori infectionInfectionAdenocarcinomaLymphoma developmentExtranodalIntestineLumenGeneticMalignancyMALTomasDigestive tractGastrointestinal tractSmallInflammatoryPathogenicBacteriaNALTPrecursorCellsFloraDiseasesOrgans
Metaplasia5
  • Persistent infection with H. pylori induces atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, and subsequently leads to gastric malignancies including gastric carcinoma and extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The clinical importance of gastritis lays in the fact that it predisposes to more pronounced damage to the gastric mucosa, in particular peptic ulcer disease, and eventually atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and gastric malignancy, both adenocarcinoma and MALT lymphoma. (eur.nl)
  • 6] Risk factors for gastric cancer include the presence of precursor conditions such as chronic atrophic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia, pernicious anemia, and gastric adenomatous polyps. (cdc.gov)
  • 0.001), but only patients with H. pylori -associated gastritis showed a higher grade of intestinal metaplasia ( P = 0.022). (thieme-connect.com)
  • In well-differentiated, intestinal-type gastric cancer, histopathologic studies have indicated that chronic Helicobacter pylori infection progresses over decades through stages of chronic gastritis, atrophy, intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, and cancer. (clinicalgate.com)
Damage to the gastric mucosa1
  • H. pylori causes progressive damage to the gastric mucosa and is now accepted as playing a causative role in a number of important diseases, including duodenal ulcer disease, gastric ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. (gastroscan.ru)
Gastritis5
  • The histological evaluation of the gastric mucosa is mandatory for diagnosing and classifying gastritis. (eur.nl)
  • Infection with H. pylori ​ also causes gastritis, and infected persons are said to have a two to six-fold increased risk of developing mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma, and gastric cancer compared with uninfected counterparts. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
  • In pathological terms, gastritis is defined as inflammation of the gastric mucosa. (cmej.org.za)
  • Acute haemorrhagic gastritis is characterised by the presence of hyperaemic, oedematous mucosa, erosions/ulcers and active bleeding, and is usually seen in stress situations (e.g. severe burns), patients in ICU and after ingestion of large doses of aspirin, and other types of NSAID or large quantities of alcohol. (cmej.org.za)
  • Results Fifteen of 21 (71 %) H. pylori -associated gastritis patients exhibited medium-to-large atrophic mucosa at the corpus lesser curvature. (thieme-connect.com)
Muscularis3
  • The epithelium is composed of a single layer of cells, while the other two layers of the mucosa, the lamina propria and the muscularis mucosae, support and articulate the epithelial layer. (wikipedia.org)
  • The gastrointestinal tract of most birds generally consists of four layers: the tunica mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and adventitia or serosa [ 9 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It recommends that at least five biopsy specimens (two from the greater and lesser curvatures of the corpus, one from the incisura angularis and two from the larger and lesser curvatures of the antrum) with mucosa and muscularis mucosae represented in each biopsy be evaluated. (cmej.org.za)
Stomach5
  • Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma of the stomach: long term outcome after local treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Виразкова хвороба A peptic ulcer is an erosion in a segment of the gastrointestinal mucosa, typically in the stomach (gastric ulcer) or the first few centimeters of the duodenum (duodenal ulcer), that penetrates. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Gastropathy, on the other hand, refers to a nonspecific microscopic injury pattern of stomach mucosa, with minimal or no inflammatory cell infiltration. (cmej.org.za)
  • The mucosa of the stomach is covered by a thin surface mucus layer serving, in conjunction with bicarbonate-secreting surface epithelial cells and local prostaglandin production, as a protective barrier against autodigestion and noxious agents. (cmej.org.za)
  • Helicobacter pylori infection - H. pylori infection is highly associated with the development of MALT lymphoma of the stomach and, to a lesser degree, other sites in the GI tract. (medilib.ir)
Lymphoid tissue lymphoma1
  • Genetic errors of the human caspase recruitment domain-B-cell lymphoma 10-mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma-translocation gene 1 (CBM) complex: Molecular, immunologic, and clinical heterogeneity. (medscape.com)
Marginal zone lymphoma1
Inflammation2
  • Chronic inflammation of MALT from infective or autoimmune disorders can lead to the development of extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas, or MALTomas. (medscape.com)
  • In doing so, this promotes decreased inflammation and intestinal healing (Mayo Clinic, 2018). (topscholarshelp.com)
Epithelium12
  • The intestinal epithelium is the single cell layer that form the luminal surface (lining) of both the small and large intestine (colon) of the gastrointestinal tract. (wikipedia.org)
  • As part of its protective role, the intestinal epithelium forms an important component of the intestinal mucosal barrier. (wikipedia.org)
  • Certain diseases and conditions are caused by functional defects in the intestinal epithelium. (wikipedia.org)
  • The intestinal epithelium is part of the intestinal mucosa. (wikipedia.org)
  • Important for the barrier function of intestinal epithelium, its cells are joined securely together by four types of junctions (cell junctions), which can be identified at the ultrastructural level: Gap junctions Desmosomes Adherens junctions Tight junctions Gap junctions bring the adjacent cells within 2 nanometers of each other. (wikipedia.org)
  • Intestinal dysbiosis, as well as immaturity of the gut and mucosal immunity, then contribute to a loss of epithelium integrity and the translocation of microorganisms from the lumen to the peripheral blood supply. (springer.com)
  • Hamzaoui N, Pringault E. Interaction of microorganisms, epithelium, and lymphoid cells of the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. (medscape.com)
  • They were mainly localized in the acini of the esophageal glands and SPG, gastric surface epithelium, duct system of DPG, and intestinal goblet cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The two main sources of mucins within the digestive tract are the glandular acini located within the deep face of the mucosa and goblet cells dispersed throughout the gut epithelium [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The gastric mucosa also has the ability to proliferate and replace damaged epithelium very rapidly. (cmej.org.za)
  • M cells in the intestinal epithelium overlying Peyer patches allow transport of antigens to the lymphoid tissue beneath it. (medscape.com)
  • The squamous epithelium of vagina and ectocervix recovers the majority of the exposed surface area of the FRT mucosa. (hindawi.com)
Villi2
  • Villi and intestinal glands serve to increase the mucosal surface area tenfold. (wikipedia.org)
  • In contrast, cells IR for the apoptosis marker C.CASP3 were remarkable in epithelial cells at the tips of intestinal villi and in MALT, reflecting the dynamic nature of the latter mentioned structures. (biomedcentral.com)
Helicobacter2
Lymphomas10
  • Rodríguez-Sevilla JJ, Salar A. Recent Advances in the Genetic of MALT Lymphomas. (medscape.com)
  • Primary small intestinal lymphoma, while uncommon in Western countries, accounts for up to 75 percent of primary GI lymphomas in the Middle East and Mediterranean basin. (medilib.ir)
  • Ocular adnexa MALT-lymphomas represent approximatively 5-15% of all extranodal lymphomas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MALT-lymphomas often recognize specific environmental factors responsible of lymphoma development and progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recently Chlamydia psittaci has been identified in Ocular Adnexa MALT lymphomas, with variable frequence dependently from geographic areas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The most common translocation described in MALT lymphomas affects NF-kB pathway with a substantial antiapoptotic effect. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Several therapeutic approaches are now available, but the use of antibiotic-therapy in specific cases, although with conflicting results, could improve the treatment of ocular adnexa MALT lymphomas. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this review we analyse the most relevant features of Ocular adnexa MALT lymphomas, underlining specific biological characteristics mainly related to the potential role of Chlamydia psittaci in lymphomagenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MALT-lymphomas represent a wide range of extranodal lymphomas that often recognize environmental factors driving to specific genes deregulation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Among environmental factors, some bacterial infections have been found associated to MALT lymphomas of specific anatomic districts, such as H. pylori in gastric MALT lymphoma, C. Jejuni in intestinal MALT lymphoma and Borrelia Burgdoferi in cutaneous B cell lymphoma [ 6 - 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathophysiology1
  • 1997. Anatomy, physiology and surgical pathophysiology of the MALT. (medscape.com)
Pylori infection2
  • 4]H heilmannii infection has been reported in association with the full spectrum of gastric diseases related to H pylori infection, including gastric cancer and MALT lymphoma. (medscape.com)
  • 9-11] The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies H. pylori infection as a cause of noncardia gastric carcinoma and gastric low-grade B-cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue or MALT lymphoma (i.e., a Group 1 human carcinogen). (cdc.gov)
Infection1
  • Thus bacterial infection is responsible of clonal selection on induced MALT with subsequent lymphoma development. (biomedcentral.com)
Adenocarcinoma1
  • A small proportion of infected patients develop peptic ulceration (approximately 15%) or gastric adenocarcinoma (0.5-2%) and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. (medscape.com)
Lymphoma development1
  • Protease activity of the API2-MALT1 fusion oncoprotein in MALT lymphoma development and treatment. (medscape.com)
Extranodal1
  • The vast majority of these lesions are either extranodal marginal zone B cell lymphoma of mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type or diffuse large B cell lymphoma. (medilib.ir)
Intestine2
  • A mucus layer of variable thickness covers the mucosa of different digestive tract parts that appear more remarkable within the large intestine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The tonsils, the Peyer patches within the small intestine, and the vermiform appendix are examples of MALT. (medscape.com)
Lumen5
  • To securely contain the contents of the intestinal lumen, the cells of the epithelial layer are joined together by tight junctions, thus forming a contiguous and relatively impermeable membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Eventually, they undergo apoptosis and are shed off into the intestinal lumen. (wikipedia.org)
  • Microfold cells (commonly referred to as M cells) sample antigens from the lumen and deliver them to the lymphoid tissue associated with the mucosa (MALT). (wikipedia.org)
  • Translocation of bacteria, primarily Gram-negative pathogenic flora, from the intestinal lumen into the circulatory system leads to sepsis. (springer.com)
  • The infections may originate from a hospital environment or may arise from the translocation of microorganisms from the intestinal lumen to the peripheral blood supply. (springer.com)
Genetic1
  • It may be due to the complex interaction between genetic susceptibility, environmental factors, and changes in intestinal microflora, resulting in mucosal immune response abnormalities and impaired epithelial barrier function, giving rise to congenital and adaptive immune response disorders [ 1 , 2 ]. (intechopen.com)
Malignancy1
MALTomas1
  • Imaging studies are not helpful for visualizing normal MALT, but they may be useful in diagnosing and staging MALTomas. (medscape.com)
Digestive tract1
  • Additional MALT exists within the accessory organs of the digestive tract, predominantly the parotid gland. (medscape.com)
Gastrointestinal tract2
Small3
  • Small intestinal involvement is very rare. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Notably, glucagon immunoreactive (IR) cells were abundant in the mucosa of the small and large intestines and the proventriculus, while somatostatin IR cells were concentrated within the acini of the DPG. (biomedcentral.com)
  • MALT may consist of a collection of lymphoid cells, or it may include small solitary lymph nodes. (medscape.com)
Inflammatory2
  • Apart from intestinal disorders (diabetes, obesity, colon cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, etc.), changes in dietary patterns and their effects on gut microbiota are implicated in disorders of other organs like lung (asthma, COPD, etc. (frontiersin.org)
  • The Korean guidelines for CD management were distributed in 2012 and revised in 2017 by the Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Research Group of the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases. (bvsalud.org)
Pathogenic1
  • Previously, in vitro ​ studies have reported that cranberry juice or probiotics can inhibit the adhesion of many pathogenic bacteria in the mouth, urinary tract, and gastro-intestinal tract. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Bacteria3
  • "Intestinal bacteria" that influence our intestinal environment. (koujiamasake.jp)
  • What you eat becomes food for intestinal bacteria, and when fermented and decomposed, it turns into substances that are easily absorbed by the body. (koujiamasake.jp)
  • Amazake fermented with rice malt contains oligosaccharides and dietary fiber , and the malt itself becomes food for good bacteria. (koujiamasake.jp)
NALT1
Precursor1
  • Early gastric cancer develops in 42% of patients with type III IM within five years of follow-up, suggesting that IM represents a precursor lesion for the intestinal form of gastric cancer. (clinicalgate.com)
Cells6
  • Renewal relies on proliferative cells (stem cells) that reside at the crypt (base) of the intestinal glands (epithelial invaginations into the underlying connective tissue). (wikipedia.org)
  • Subsets of sensory intestinal epithelial cells synapse with nerves, and are known as neuropod cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, the main objective of this study was to elucidate how iron-depleted, iron-saturated, and manganese-saturated forms of lactoferrin regulate intestinal barrier function via interactions with epithelial cells and macrophages. (springer.com)
  • The highest number of goblet cells per every 1 mm 2 of the intestinal mucosa was seen within the ileum and rectum, 2555 ± 468 and 2607 ± 653 respectively. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IR cells for the mitosis marker phospho-histone H3 (PHH3) were highest within the entire intestinal crypts and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mononuclear cells from infants allergic to cow's milk secrete tumor necrosis factor alpha, altering intestinal function. (aerzteblatt.de)
Flora2
  • When the intestinal flora is out of balance, it leads to physical problems such as constipation, diarrhea, rough skin, and allergies. (koujiamasake.jp)
  • Regularly balancing the intestinal flora and improving the intestinal environment will lead to a healthy body. (koujiamasake.jp)
Diseases1
  • The bi-directional cross-talk between gut and lung (termed as Gut-Lung axis) is best exemplified by intestinal disturbances observed in lung diseases. (frontiersin.org)
Organs1
  • The metabolites produced by them not only modulate gastro-intestinal immunity, but also impact distal organs like lung and brain. (frontiersin.org)