• The purpose of this work was to evaluate the potential of functional imaging with 18 F-FDG PET, 18 F-fluoromisonidazole PET, diffusion-weighted MRI, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to provide an appropriate and reliable biologic target for dose painting in radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). (snmjournals.org)
  • These results confirm the added value of 18 F-FDG PET and 18 F-fluoromisonidazole PET for radiotherapy planning of HNSCC and suggest the potential of diffusion-weighted and dynamic enhanced MRI for dose painting and early response assessment. (snmjournals.org)
  • As intensity-modulated radiotherapy permits lowering the dose to the organs at risk outside the target volume, the maximum dose becomes restricted by the presence of dose-limiting structures within the target volume, such as cartilage, connective tissue, nerves, and bone. (snmjournals.org)
  • The time interval between amifostine administration and the end of daily irradiation was less than 60 minutes, and no cytoprotectant was given on days of radiotherapy alone. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Dr. Buentzel concluded that amifostine could reduce the typical acute chemotherapy-related toxicities and should be able to reduce radiation-induced acute toxicities but must be administered within an interval of no more than 60 minutes following the end of radiotherapy. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The next 31 patients received carboplatin at the same dose on days 1 to 5, 15 to 19, 29 to 33, and 43 to 47 of radiotherapy. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The left mandible of male Sprague Dawley rats was irradiated by external radiotherapy (single fraction 15 Gy, total dose 75 Gy) every second week five times. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) is a localized cancer treatment that targets cancer cells with high doses of radiation. (e-roj.org)
  • High Dose Rate brachytherapy (HDR) is a therapeutic modality of radiotherapy in which radioactive sources are used in close contact with the region to be treated. (biomedcentral.com)
  • GAFChromic™ EBT-3 is designed for the measurement of absorbed doses of ionizing radiation. (rpdinc.com)
  • Introduction: Definitive chemoradiation (CRT) followed by high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy (BT) represents state-of-the-art treatment for locally-advanced cervical cancer. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Cisplatin-based chemoradiation plus high dose rate intracavitary brachytherapy can prevent locoregional relapse and effect cure in 40-75% of patients [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Sixteen evaluable patients with advanced hematologic malignancies were treated with twice daily TBI using a high-energy source (18-24 MV). The first patient cohort ( n = 11) received a total dose of 14.4 Gy in nine fractions, and the second cohort ( n = 5) received doses escalated to 15.3 Gy. (nature.com)
  • Two delivery methods that were originally used to reduce radiation side effects include dose fractionation, or splitting the total dose of radiation therapy into multiple doses and physical shielding with lead blocks to reduce the area of exposure. (pceiva.org)
  • Fractionation allows the delivery of a larger total dose of radiation to the cancer than would have been possible as a single dose. (pceiva.org)
  • The median total dose was 20 Gy whereas the mean total dose was 21 Gy with a range from 4 to 36 Gy. (unicatt.it)
  • The pilot trial was a controlled phase II study involving 14 patients randomized to receive standard radiochemotherapy, with radiation administered in 2-Gy fractions to a total dose of 60 Gy plus carboplatin (Paraplatin) 70 mg/m² as a radiosensitizer weeks 1 and 5. (cancernetwork.com)
  • total dose 66.0 Gy) and chemotherapy with gemcitabine (300-500 mg/m 2 ) every two weeks. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Most patients with HNC, treated with curative intent, receive a total dose between 50 and 70 gray (Gy), where the dose is parceled into fractions, usually 2 Gy daily, five days a week over a five to seven week period [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nek1 knockdown (KD) sensitized both cell lines to ionizing radiation following a single dose irradiation and more pronounced in combination with a 6 h fractionation (3 × 2 Gy) regime. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Definitive SRS has historically been performed in a single fraction, with dose limited by tumor size in order to minimize toxicity ( 2 ). (iiarjournals.org)
  • All patients had definitive radiochemotherapy with a conventional fractionation, linear accelerator using single doses of 2 Gy to a whole dose of 60 Gy to the primary tumor and cervical nodes, with a boost to 70 Gy for sites of tumor. (cancernetwork.com)
  • The dose delivered was 40 Gy in 10 fractions, once daily over 2 weeks. (nih.gov)
  • A dose of 30 Gy in 10 fractions (10 x 3 Gy) in 2 weeks is the standard treatment in many centers. (nih.gov)
  • Results: For each 10-Gy increase in corrected mean cardiac radiation dose in 1.8- to 2.0-Gy fractions, we estimated a hazard ratio of 2.01 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.79-2.25) for coronary artery disease, of 1.87 (95% CI, 1.70-2.06) for HF, of 1.87 (95% CI, 1.78-1.96) for valvular disease, and of 1.88 (95% CI, 1.75-2.03) for any cardiac disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • To increase the therapeutic ratio of radiation, radiation oncologist and their teams individualize patient's treatment plans by selecting the appropriate treatment modality, radiation dose, fractionation, and target volumes. (e-roj.org)
  • The dynamic range of this film is designed for best performance in the dose range from 0.2 to 10 Gy, making it suitable for many applications in IMRT, VMAT and brachytherapy. (rpdinc.com)
  • High Dose Rate (HDR) brachytherapy aims at delivering high dose rates of radiation in restricted volumes of the body, thereby increasing disease control and lower treatment toxicity for adjacent normal tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Radiosurgery using single-session doses of 12 or more Gy or radiation therapy with fractionated doses of 45 to 54 Gy is recommended for greater local tumor control rate of 90% or higher at 5 years after treatment. (cns.org)
  • Radiation therapy was originally given in one large dose. (pceiva.org)
  • This allows high-dose external beam radiation therapy to be delivered primarily to the cancer with less damage to normal cells. (pceiva.org)
  • Based on this assumption, more and more N1M0 patients are now offered high-dose locoregional external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with a boost to all visible tumour lesions in the pelvic area combined with 2-3 years concurrent and adjuvant androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). (biomedcentral.com)
  • We studied the feasibility and toxicity of escalating the doses of fractionated TBI above our previous prescription of 13.5 Gy. (nature.com)
  • Because tumor control is related to dose, multi-fraction approaches have been proposed for larger lesions to reduce recurrence without increasing toxicity. (iiarjournals.org)
  • The primary objective is to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a single cycle [ 177 Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 when given concurrent with EBRT + ADT, defined as the occurrence of Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v 5.0 grade three or higher acute toxicity. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Normal tissue toxicity determines the maximum radiation dose delivered to tumors. (e-roj.org)
  • The aim of this treatment is to administer high doses of radiation in restricted volumes of the organism, to have greater control of the disease and less toxicity of the treatment to the adjacent normal tissues [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Estimated risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease are generally dominated by cerebrovascular disease (around 0.94-1.25% per Gy), with the next largest contribution from ischaemic heart disease (around 0.30-1.20% per Gy).CONCLUSIONSResults provide evidence supporting a causal association between radiation exposure andcardiovascular disease at high dose, and to a lesser extent at low dose, with some indications of differences in risk between acute and chronic exposures, which require further investigation. (hal.science)
  • Recent phase II-III clinical trials have focused on comparing treatment modalities such as ultra-hypofractionation versus conventionally fractionated therapy, and reducing effective doses to decrease acute and long-term side effects [ 4 , 5 ]. (e-roj.org)
  • Sensory irritation during acute exposures to carboxylic acids--A The auditory startle test consists of 3 min of acclimation to the comparison of acetic and propionic acid arena followed by two consecutive stimuli performed with a 1 min interval. (cdc.gov)
  • Cumulative carboplatin dose was 700 mg/m². (cancernetwork.com)
  • From the same model, for each 100-mg/m2 increase in cumulative anthracycline dose, the hazard ratio for the development of HF was 1.93 (95% CI, 1.58-2.36), equivalent to an increase in mean heart dose of approximately 10.5 Gy. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Relative risk per Gy increased for all cardiovascular disease (excess relative risk per Gy of 0.11 (95% confidence interval 0.08 to 0.14)) and for the four major subtypes of cardiovascular disease (ischaemicheart disease, other heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, all cardiovascular disease). (hal.science)
  • Population based excess absolute risks are estimated for a number of national populations (Canada, England and Wales, France, Germany, Japan, USA) and range from 2.33% per Gy (95% confidence interval 1.69% to 2.38%) for England and Wales to 3.66% per Gy (2.65% to 4.68%) for Germany, largely reflecting the underlying rates of cardiovascular disease mortality in these populations. (hal.science)
  • The study incorporates disciplines such as Radiation treatment planning, Thecal sac, Brain tissue and Confidence interval in addition to Nuclear medicine. (research.com)
  • The outcomes included BM, OS, median survival (MS), response rate (RR), Hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs), and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using ReMan software. (1library.org)
  • Regarding the fractionation, 2 Gy/fraction daily was the most widely used. (unicatt.it)
  • Patients received a median 90 Y dose of 104.3 Gy (range, 83.3 to 131.7 Gy) and a median 5-fraction SBRT dose of 32.5 Gy (range, 27.5 to 50 Gy). (e-roj.org)
  • The aim of this study was to establish a rat model where a certain radiation dose gives reproducible tissue reactions in the mandibular area corresponding to injuries obtained in humans. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) combined with reduced-dose whole brain radiation (rd-WBRT) has emerged as a promising method to improve local control following induction chemotherapy or in the setting of recurrent PCNSL [ 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • The greater the number of beam directions, the more the dose will be confined to the target cancer cells, sparing normal cells from exposure. (pceiva.org)
  • Cosmetic results may be improved over those reported with photon-based techniques due to reduced breast tissue exposure with proton beam, skin-sparing techniques, and the dose fractionation schedule used in this trial. (nih.gov)
  • To spare normal tissues (such as skin or organs which radiation must pass through to treat the tumor), shaped radiation beams are aimed from several angles of exposure to intersect at the tumor, providing a much larger absorbed dose there than in the surrounding healthy tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Radiation Risk Assessment Tool (RadRAT) The Radiation Risk Assessment Tool (RadRAT) is an online calculator for estimating the lifetime risk of cancer incidence for members of the U.S. population and other selected countries (or countries with similar cancer incidence rates) from exposure to ionizing radiation for doses below 1 Gy. (exert.pl)
  • This treatment method allows high-dose areas to be conformed tightly to the target volumes, with dose falling off steeply outside these regions. (snmjournals.org)
  • We conclude that TBI dose escalation above the previously used 13.5 Gy dose is feasible using a high-energy source and high-dose etoposide. (nature.com)
  • Another promising application is the introduction of dose escalation to improve tumor control. (snmjournals.org)
  • It was therefore suggested that dose escalation should be targeted to areas of increased radioresistance in the tumor ( 1 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • Results from several trials suggest that pretreatment 18 F-FDG uptake correlates with outcome in HNSCC patients and can therefore indicate a valuable target for dose escalation ( 7 , 8 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • The tolerability of adding [ 177 Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 will be evaluated using a Bayesian Optimal Interval (BOIN) dose-escalation design. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Seven additional potential prognostic factors were investigated: age, gender, Karnofsky performance score, tumor type, interval from tumor diagnosis to RT, extracranial metastases, and recursive partitioning analysis class. (nih.gov)
  • More than a half-century ago it was found that it was less toxic and more effective to administer radiation on a daily basis, a method called dose fractionation. (pceiva.org)
  • For ischaemic heart disease and all cardiovascular disease, risks were larger per unit dose for lower dose (inverse dose effect) and forfractionated exposures (inverse dose fractionation effect). (hal.science)
  • For measurement of doses substantially greater than 10 Gy EBT-XD or MDV3 are preferred while the use of HDV2 is indicated for still higher dose measurement. (rpdinc.com)
  • The majority of epithelial cancers are only moderately radiosensitive, and require a significantly higher dose of radiation (60-70 Gy) to achieve a radical cure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recent findings indicate that some cancers are best treated by reducing the 24-hour interval between doses to 6-8 hours, in order to enhance the toxic effects on cancer cells, while still preserving an adequate time interval for the recovery of normal cells. (pceiva.org)
  • Methods: A systematic review of the literature about the main scientific databases was launched and the time interval included all published articles present in the databases from their inception until September 2020. (unicatt.it)
  • Elution profile was generated by eluting the system at different time intervals (1hr to 6hr). (snmjournals.org)
  • Elution profile at different time interval showed consistent results. (snmjournals.org)
  • Non-Registrants , regardless of AAPM membership status, will be able to access the meeting content after an interval of time via the AAPM website. (aapm.org)
  • This Web application will allow you to calculate the activity of a radionuclide after a specified interval of time. (exert.pl)
  • There is no doubt that using fractionation has reduced side effects compared to single-dose delivery. (pceiva.org)
  • Online calculation of the radiation dose rate, dose, and health risk for an individual exposed to a known concentration of radon and its decay products. (exert.pl)
  • It is the smaller value of intake of a given radionuclide in a year by the reference man that would result in a committed effective dose equivalent of 5 rem or a committed dose equivalent of 50 rem to any organ or tissue. (docslib.org)
  • For iodine-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine ( 131 I-mIBG) therapy, the important considerations during dose fractionation include disease burden, tumor biology, functional symptoms, and associated comorbidities, all of which are important determinants for the intent and course of treatment. (thieme-connect.com)
  • They should be clearly defined in deciding and individualizing the dose and regimen. (thieme-connect.com)
  • Medians for EA odor follow a dose dependency. (cdc.gov)
  • All patients received high-dose etoposide (60 mg/kg) and allogeneic stem cell transplantation following the TBI. (nature.com)
  • In conclusion, we consider Nek1 to represent a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for drug development in the context of optimized fractionation intervals. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Functional imaging, that is, modalities that offer information on factors that influence treatment outcome (e.g., tumor burden, proliferation, and hypoxia), is expected to provide the biologic target volume for such dose painting ( 2 , 3 ). (snmjournals.org)
  • His Radiation treatment planning research includes themes of Target dose, Planning target volume and Brain metastasis. (research.com)
  • The 24-hour interval and the two-day interval between doses allows for recovery of normal tissues between doses while cancer cells, in general, have less capability for recovery. (pceiva.org)
  • AF4 fractionation revealed that CS-6253 treatment displaced apoE from HDL to intermediate-density- and low density-lipoprotein (IDL/LDL)-sized particles in plasma. (cdc.gov)
  • However, interstudy heterogeneity was noted (P<0.05 for allendpoints except for other heart disease), possibly resulting from interstudy variation in unmeasured confounders or effect modifiers, which is markedly reduced if attention is restricted to higher quality studies or those at moderate doses (<0.5 Gy) or low dose rates (<5 mGy/h). (hal.science)
  • METHODS: CS-6253 peptide was injected intravenously into cynomolgus monkeys at various doses in three different studies. (cdc.gov)
  • Thoracic RT may expose the heart to radiation dose and thereby increase the risk of late cardiac disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • 4 were included for dose-response modeling between mean cardiac radiation dose and risk of late coronary artery disease, heart failure (HF), valvular disease, and any cardiac disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Nek1 shRNA HeLa cells were grafted into NOD/SCID/IL-2Rγc−/− (NSG) mice and Nek1 KD was induced by Dox-infused drinking water resulting in a significant cytostatic effect if combined with a 6 h fractionation (3 × 2 Gy) regime. (uni-frankfurt.de)
  • Surface dose rate was measured over the reactor and cartridge to ensure proper delivery of activity from reactor to cartridge and into the vial. (snmjournals.org)
  • elution yield at 1hr= 104.42% + 1.58 (n=5), 2hr= 93.28% + 3.08 (n=5), 3hr= 103.85% + 5.81 (n=5), 4hr= 95.5% + 2.3 (n=5), 5hr=100.80% + 1.23 (n=5), 6hr= 96.39% + 1.41 (n=5).During the elution process surface dose rate over the reactor was 23 to 30 mR/hr. (snmjournals.org)
  • Radiation - Absorbed Dose Rate Conversion Tables Radiation - Dose Equivalent Sievert, Millisievert, rem (Roentgen eq. (exert.pl)
  • For example: if I have a dose rate of 5R on one side of 1/2" lead what is the dose rate on the other side? (exert.pl)
  • In 1979, Lavery et al reported their use of gauze packs encased in a latex dam to protect the abdominal viscera during high-dose RT for osteogenic sarcoma of the iliac bone. (medscape.com)
  • The excellent tumor burden reduction, hormonal tumor marker response, and most importantly asymptomatic status could be achieved with the administered dose. (thieme-connect.com)
  • While cancer cells tend to be less resilient than normal tissues, there is a chance that the intervals between fractionated doses of radiation may allow cancer cells to recover. (pceiva.org)
  • This study was followed by a controlled, phase II dose-intensification study to evaluate the role of intensified carboplatin dosage with amifostine protection and concomitant radiochemotherapy in locally advanced pharyngeal cancer. (cancernetwork.com)
  • Highly radiosensitive cancer cells are rapidly killed by modest doses of radiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Some types of cancer are notably radioresistant, that is, much higher doses are required to produce a radical cure than may be safe in clinical practice. (wikipedia.org)
  • The observed heterogeneity complicates a causal interpretation of these findings, although this heterogeneity is much reduced if only higher qualitystudies or those at moderate doses or low dose rates are considered. (hal.science)
  • This study provides a detailed characterization of the dose-dependent impact of ionizing radiation on skin cells (45, 60, or 80 grays). (mdpi.com)
  • The annual average dose per person from all natural and man-made sources is about 350 mrems, but it is not uncommon for any of us to receive more than that in a given year (largely due to medical procedures). (exert.pl)