Ovarian ultrasonography was performed at 12 h intervals from device removal to ovulation. (scielo.br)
In addition, P4 suppresses estrus ("heat") and ovulation, making it an important tool for estrous synchronization. (osu.edu)
Estradiol (a steroid hormone belonging to the estrogen family) plays an important role in reproduction, as it acts on the brain to induce behavioral estrus (heat) and sets into motion the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland, which begins the process of ovulation. (extension.org)
A successful AI program must include efficient and accurate heat detection and timely AI relative to ovulation. (extension.org)
1996) determined the interval from the onset of standing activity to ovulation to be approximately 28 h in lactating dairy cattle. (extension.org)
The physiological relationship linking ovulation to the onset of standing activity underscores the importance of accurate heat detection: There is a limited window of opportunity in which to maximize conception to AI. (extension.org)
and Steverink DW, Soede NM, Bouwman EG, Kemp B. Influence of insemination-ovulation interval and sperm cell dose on fertilization in sows. (boarbetter.com)
Mean ± SD serum progesterone concentration for 13 mares at 5 and 12 days after ovulation following administration of flunixin meglumine or lactated Ringer solution (placebo treatment) during 33 estrus cycles in which they became pregnant (gray bars) and 10 estrus cycles in which they did not become pregnant (black bars). (avma.org)
Dot plots of maximum follicular diameter and number of days from treatment until ovulation (A) and serum progesterone concentration 5 days after ovulation and maximum follicular diameter (B) for 45 estrus cycles of 13 mares that received flunixin meglumine or lactated Ringer solution (placebo treatment) at the time of estrus. (avma.org)
Twelve SNPs were genotyped in gilts observed for age at first estrus and ovulation rate from the F8 and F10 generations of one-quarter Meishan descendants of the USMARC resource population. (biomedcentral.com)
The results of two reports suggest that a dose of 500 IU hCG on day 1 or days 1 and 2 of estrus achieved maximal ovulation rates. (ubbcluj.ro)
Average interval from onset of treatment to ovulation was 7.6 ± 2.4 days. (ubbcluj.ro)
Cows21
Rectal examination accompanied by ultrasonography was performed twice in a 10-day interval on crossbred (HolsteinxZebu) anoestrus cows at = 60 days postpartum to diagnose their cyclic status. (scialert.net)
Cows diagnosed as silent estrus and true anoestrus were allotted to different treatment and Artificial Insemination (AI) protocols. (scialert.net)
The prevalence of anoestrus was 18.5% (83 out of 448 cows) as reported by the farmers with silent estrus 53.0% (n = 44), true anoestrus 42.2% (n = 35), cystic ovarian disease 2.4% (n = 2) and uterine infections 2.4% (n = 2) as the underlying disorders. (scialert.net)
respectively, in 52 and 43% cows carefully monitored of estrus signs for AI (Group I, n = 23) and in 73 and 45% prostaglandin treated cows with AI on observed estrus (Group II, n = 11). (scialert.net)
Control anoestrus cows (Group VII, n = 5) without any treatment did not show estrus. (scialert.net)
In conclusions, close monitoring of silent estrous cows for estrus and nutritional supplementation for true anoestrus could be effective tools for successful reproduction. (scialert.net)
At regular intervals during the day, the herd manager can access the information to determine which cows were mounted at a particular time. (livestockkenya.com)
This method can be effective in identifying some silent heat cows which fail to show other obvious signs of estrus. (livestockkenya.com)
Monitoring the relative changes within cows during the estrous cycle can provide the herder with additional information and can serve as a heat detection aid if cattle are probed frequently. (livestockkenya.com)
Consider using a heat detector animal for housed cows whose heat detection does not seem to be effective. (livestockkenya.com)
Early comparisons demonstrated herds, or groups of cows with scheduled reproductive programs, had shorter calving intervals and fewer culls for reproductive failure when compared to herds not subscribing to such programs (2, 13). (ualberta.ca)
Most cows normally show their first estrus by 30-50 days after calving. (nmsu.edu)
Heat detection accuracy (defined as the proportion of detected heat periods in which cows exhibited low progesterone concentration in milk or blood) varies widely, as up to 60% of cows presented for AI did not exhibit low progesterone at the time of AI (Reimers et al. (extension.org)
The AFC was assessed by ultrasonography for 2 d consecutively during the first wave of follicular growth of the estrous cycle, 4.6 ± 1.43 d (mean ± SD) after estrus, in 306 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows approximately 70 d postpartum. (teagasc.ie)
During the cycle in which AFC was assessed and in subsequent cycles, cows were artificially inseminated (AI) following detection of estrus, and pregnancy status was assessed using ultrasonography. (teagasc.ie)
The tail paint method detects cows that are in oestrus by indicating those which have been mounted when the paint has been rubbed off. (animalfarmacy.ie)
For best results, cows should be checked at regular intervals throughout the day during breeding season for signs of wear. (animalfarmacy.ie)
In conclusion, postpartum metabolic disorder, clinical endometritis, and a short interval from calving to initial insemination were risk factors for repeat breeder dairy cows, resulting in a severely impaired reproductive performance. (kjvr.org)
This condition markedly reduces reproductive performance due to the increased number of inseminations and longer calving intervals, thereby increasing culling and replacement costs in dairy cows [ 4 , 5 ]. (kjvr.org)
Previous studies have suggested that alterations in hormone concentrations, including high estradiol concentrations at estrus and reduced luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations before peak LH or subluteal progesterone concentrations [ 10 , 11 ], are physiological factors associated with repeat breeder cows. (kjvr.org)
Behavioral estrus1
This study assessed the effects of social dominance on the behavioral estrus and ovarian parameters of dairy goats subjected to synchronous estrus induction during the non-breeding season. (scielo.br)
Progesterone6
So, the ewe's reproductive system responds as if she is pregnant, and she will not show signs of estrus until progesterone levels diminish. (osu.edu)
Although measuring milk-progesterone at regular intervals allows the fertility status of a cow to be determined reliably, the labour cost of collecting and analysing samples is prohibitive. (waikato.ac.nz)
A comprehensive list of current recommended estrus synchronization protocols utilizing progesterone (CIDR/MGA) can be found on the Beef Reproductive Task Force website ( https://beefrepro.org/ ). (msucares.com)
The sampled female goats are subject to estrus synchronization protocol using controlled internal drug release for goats (CIDR-G) inserted intravaginally for ten days and followed with prostaglandin injection on day 8 during progesterone implant insertion. (kemdikbud.go.id)
Cyclicity1
Female Jak2 G −/− mice exhibited significantly delayed puberty and first estrus, abnormal estrous cyclicity, and impaired fertility. (jneurosci.org)
Onset3
Upon estrus onset (EO) detection, the goats were immediately removed from the pens. (scielo.br)
However, even with the use of hormonal protocols, small ruminants present a high degree of estrus onset dispersion( 3 3 Gómez JD, Balasch S, Gómez LD, Martino A, Fernández N. A Comparison between intravaginal progestogen and melatonin implant treatments on the reproductive efficiency of ewes. (scielo.br)
A beginning sign of estrus onset is the swelling of the vulva and the release of cervical mucus, which is shiny and clear. (michiganlivestock.com)
Fertility2
However, several reports indicate that fertility after prolonged periods could be reduced compared to natural estrus due to low levels of P4 towards the end of treatment, which in turn affects follicle development and oocyte quality (Gonzalez-Bulnes et al. (osu.edu)
Days open can be influenced by factors such as length of voluntary waiting period, heat detection accuracy, semen quality and breeding technique, nutrition, cow fertility, disease, or weather. (nmsu.edu)
Insemination5
Goats in estrus underwent flexible time artificial insemination (FxTAI) according to EO. (scielo.br)
Pharmacological procedures are now available for controlling time of estrus and insemination in groups of cattle. (ncsu.edu)
Primary benefits of controlled breeding are convenience and efficient use of labor for detection of estrus and insemination. (ncsu.edu)
Artificial insemination, reliance on human labour for estrus detection, and increased herd size combined with identification of the economic benefits of shorter calving intervals and specific therapies for specific reproductive pathologies furnished an environment conducive to marketing reproductive health programs for dairy herds (39). (ualberta.ca)
Days from calving to first insemination to maintain 12.5-month calving interval as affected by heat detection accuracy (HDA) and conception rate. (nmsu.edu)
Signs2
It appears that estrus detection was mainly based on the observation of signs of vulvar changes and behavior of the sow. (bvsalud.org)
It is a functional disorder of the reproductive cycle which is characterized by the absence of signs of estrus either due to lack of expression of estrus or failure of its detection. (srpublication.com)
Herd4
It is feasible to limit the breeding period in a herd to 1 wk of each 3-wk interval. (ncsu.edu)
Indirect effects include the increased percentage of cow life spent in profitable milk (early lactation), increased rate of birth of herd replacements, increased rate of genetic gain through reduction in generation interval, and improved return on other cow interventions through reduced competitive risk. (ualberta.ca)
Table 1 illustrates the maximum average number of days between calving and first breeding for a cow herd to maintain a 12.5-month calving interval under varying levels of heat detection accuracy and conception rates. (nmsu.edu)
Evaluation of complete and accurate breeding and heat detection records can assist the dairy producer in achieving maximum reproductive efficiency in the herd. (nmsu.edu)
Conception3
Thus, reproductive performance and profit respond positively to improvements of rates of detection of estrus, improvements of rates of conception, and improvements of management of the periparturient cow. (ncsu.edu)
The two most important management factors relating to reproductive performance are heat detection and conception rates. (nmsu.edu)
If not serviced, or if conception does not occur, you can expect her next cycle between 17 and 24 days later (21 days is the usual interval). (michiganlivestock.com)
Goats3
Synchronous estrus was induced in 23 dairy goats allocated to collective pens. (scielo.br)
Evaluation of cervical mucus and reproductive efficiency of seasonally anovular dairy goats after short-term progestagen-based estrus induction protocols with different gonadotropins. (scielo.br)
Semua kambing PE disinkronisasi estrus dengan implan controlled internal drug release for goats (CIDR-G) progesteron secara intravagina selama 10 hari dan penyuntikan prostaglandin pada hari ke-8 perlakuan sebelum pengeluaran alat CIDR-G. Deteksi estrus dilakukan dengan menggunakan pejantan kambing PE. (kemdikbud.go.id)
CIDR2
Synchronization of estrus is accompanied by administration of a single dose of pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) at the time of CIDR removal for inducing estrus and increase prolificacy (lambs/pregnant ewe), primarily during out-of-season breeding. (osu.edu)
In addition, using CIDRs for short periods (i.e., 6 days) requires, primarily in season, the administration of a luteolytic dose of prostaglandin (PGF2α) at CIDR removal to control the endogenous source of P4 and thus improve estrus response. (osu.edu)
Pregnancy-detection2
Present-day techniques for oestrus- and pregnancy-detection are unreliable and labour-intensive. (waikato.ac.nz)
The pregnancy detection was performed by control of return of estrus, 21 days after the mating by the majority (80.6%) of the respondents. (bvsalud.org)
Gilts1
1988. Habituation to boar stimuli: possible mechanism responsible for the reduced detection rate of estrus gilts housed adjacent to boars. (boarbetter.com)
Reproductive2
The use of reproductive biotechniques, such as the application of exogenous hormones, is hereby essential to achieving higher rates of estrus response and synchrony to guarantee the efficiency of a FxTAI program( 2 2 Fonseca JF, Souza-Fabjan JMG, Oliveira MEF, Cruz RC, Esteves L, Paiva MPSLM, Brandão FZ, Mancio AB. (scielo.br)
The rate of pubertal development and weaning to estrus interval are correlated and affect reproductive efficiency of swine. (biomedcentral.com)
Sows3
The local sows were mated as soon as estruses were detected while improved sows were mated 36 h after. (bvsalud.org)
The farrowing interval was longer in local sows than in improved sows. (bvsalud.org)
Age at puberty and weaning to estrus interval (WEI) are positively correlated [ 2 ] and the primary reason for culling sows is failure to return to estrus after weaning. (biomedcentral.com)
Time4
Cattle are more active during estrus and thus spend more time walking and standing than resting. (livestockkenya.com)
These estruses were detected at any time and without the boar. (bvsalud.org)
This is evidenced by the reality that heat detection efficiency (defined as the proportion of possible heat periods detected during a period of time) is less than 50% in many herds. (extension.org)
You can control how often GPS location data are collected, and can also remotely command program changes to the fixed-rate and mortality schedule, fixed duration time, and GPS location data transmission interval. (lpwanspace.com)
Efficiency2
The more people anticipating and watching for the heat, the more likely heat detection efficiency will be maximized. (livestockkenya.com)
Nebel (2003) argues that skilled managers achieve 65 to 75% heat detection efficiency. (extension.org)
Insertion1
Traditionally, synchronization of estrus in small ruminants involved insertion of CIDRs for prolonged periods (12 to14 days). (osu.edu)
Calf3
Anestrus leads to economic losses through increased inter-calving interval, poor net calf yield, production loss and treatment expenses. (srpublication.com)
The normal target would be to produce a live calf every 365 days, (the calving interval) and for dairy animals to milk for at least 10 months. (livestockdevelopment.co.uk)
So the target is to have a calving interval, between one calf and the next, of around 365 days. (livestockdevelopment.co.uk)
Days2
Heat detection is a constant concern in dairy herds, as poor heat detection is one of the largest contributors to a high days open value. (nmsu.edu)
Meigen), and Culex pipiens (L.). Mean titers (95% confidence interval) of 8 chipmunks were 10 3.9(3.3-4.5) , 10 6.7(6.4-7.0) , and 10 5.8(4.1-7.5) PFU/mL on days 1-3 postinoculation (p.i.) and 10 5.8 PFU/mL in 1 chipmunk on day 4 p.i. (cdc.gov)
Surge1
Hasil pemeriksaan LH surge menggunakan kit LH air susu menunjukkan hasil negatif, hal ini berarti bahwa kambing betina yang estrus tidakmengandung LH surge dalam air susunya pada pemeriksaan mulai 13-31 jam setelah berahi dengan interval waktu pemeriksaan 3 jam. (kemdikbud.go.id)
Protocols2
This reference is a valuable tool to check annually to determine if current estrus synchronization protocols should be updated. (msucares.com)
There are also Bos Indicus -specific protocols that work well in Indicus -influenced cattle, but the priority in these animals is using protocols that jumpstart estrus. (msucares.com)
Aids1
Combinations of heat detection aids can improve accuracy of detection of heat in cattle . (livestockkenya.com)
Observation1
Best heat detection practices include morning and evening (at 12 hour intervals) visual observation of standing heat. (beefmagazine.com)
Herds1
In spring calving Oklahoma herds, the morning heat detection is most effective in the very early daylight hours before high daily temperatures may suppress mounting activity. (beefmagazine.com)
Concentrations1
concentrations usually range from just above the detection limit of approximately 0.03 to 0.20-0.32 µg/m3 during the application period. (cdc.gov)
Mice1
Mice were subcutaneously immunised twice at 3-week intervals and were challenged with 2 × 10 6 tachyzoites of the virulent Nc-Liv isolate. (biomedcentral.com)
Status1
A cow's complete history including calving date, estrus dates, body condition scores, breeding dates, technician or breeders code, and pregnancy status must be accurate to correctly access a farm's program. (veteriankey.com)
Confidence1
95% CI, 63.0-95.0), but confidence intervals overlapped. (cdc.gov)
Tail1
Applying bright colored paint or chalk to tail heads can be very helpful tool in heat detection. (beefmagazine.com)
Semen1
Transfer of semen canes should occur within a ten second interval. (michiganlivestock.com)
Hours2
Estrus detection was carried out with the introduction of one buck for 72 hours following the removal of the implants. (kemdikbud.go.id)
18 hours (h) right after oestrus synchronization, dexamethasone or saline was presented with. (igf1rsignal.com)