• Capitalist production, therefore, only develops the techniques and the degree of combination of the social process of production by simultaneously undermining the original sources of all wealth-the soil and the worker. (monthlyreview.org)
  • The same basic logic was present in the other famous passage on the metabolic rift, at the end of the chapter on "The Genesis of Capitalist Ground Rent" in the third volume of Capital . (monthlyreview.org)
  • There Marx referred to "the squandering of the vitality of the soil" by large-scale capitalist enterprise, generating "an irreparable rift in the interdependent process of social metabolism, a metabolism prescribed by the natural laws of life itself. (monthlyreview.org)
  • 4 The expropriation of nature in capitalist society thus had its counterpart, in Marx's analysis, in the expropriation of human bodily existence. (monthlyreview.org)
  • We live in a planetary economy, and capitalist accumulation still draws its life-blood for its continuous valorisation from waged as well as unwaged labour, the latter consisting first of all of the labour involved in social reproduction, 1 in the advanced as well as the Third World countries. (libcom.org)
  • Indeed, capitalist accumulation spreads through the world by extracting labour for production and reproduction in conditions of stratification which end in the reestablishment of slavery. (libcom.org)
  • Amazon is a capitalist organisation capable of enormously concentrating capital, while not autonomising the different functions of capital, leading to efficiency in its management. (libcom.org)
  • Amazon, finally, is a capitalist business capable of centralising capital to a very advanced degree for a long time, while avoiding the pitfalls of an excess of centralisation - that is, the lack of competition, which constitutes a powerful, vital and fundamental motor of the capitalist mode of production. (libcom.org)
  • Amazon manages to directly centralise capital via the acquisition of weaker capitals and via stock market capitalisation, but also indirectly via sub-contracting and, what is truly original on its part, via the aggregation of a myriad of small and medium capitals and the relation of command/dependence which it implements with them over the whole area of the capitalist territory. (libcom.org)
  • Instead it was, and remains , a systematic way to arrange capitalist and non-capitalist relations to the benefit of the former, as a means of addressing internal contradictions within the accumulation process, albeit in a context of growing resistance. (cadtm.org)
  • Second, as the capital flow turns from new sectors to new spaces, imperial power helps capitalist social relations dominate non-capitalist "natural economies. (cadtm.org)
  • In contrast, the value/exchange value of the capitalist commodity economy was derived from the exploitation of human labor power alone. (monthlyreview.org)
  • It is this ecological contradiction within the capitalist value and accumulation process that serves to explain the system's tendency toward ecological crises proper, or the metabolic rift. (monthlyreview.org)
  • Those macro-processes and operations which economic forces, supported by political power, unfolded during the period of primitive accumulation in Europe - with the aim of destroying the individual's value in relationship to his/her community in order to turn him/her into an isolated and valueless individual, a mere container for labour-power which she is obliged to sell to survive - continue to mark human reproduction on a planetary scale. (libcom.org)
  • Those arguments were constructed during the critical period of primitive accumulation, and as a result, Luxemburg considered the context for land and natural resource dispossession, migrant labor, and ethno-patriarchal rule. (cadtm.org)
  • In the process, Luxemburg described and also theorized how settler colonialism's primitive accumulation was not a once-off affliction. (cadtm.org)
  • Water Management in Islam, N.I. Faruqui, A.K. Biswas and M.J. Bino, eds.Ottawa, Canada: United Nations University Press / International Development Research Centre (IDRC). (preventionweb.net)
  • The Business and Human Rights Resource Centre published a report entitled "Powering electric vehicles: Human Rights and Environmental Abuses in Southeast Asia's Nickel Supply Chains" this month. (goodelectronics.org)
  • This innovative book accumulates the various, and often conflicting, growth theories, which enable a greater understanding of the growth processes in the developing world. (e-elgar.com)
  • In the context of underdevelopment, local accumulation rests heavily on political power and the ability it provides to appropriate public resources. (spiked-online.com)
  • As we advance in the context of USMCA towards the integration of supply chains in high tech manufacturing and other sectors of our economies, more human talent will be needed, and more of our young people will have unprecedented opportunities to be creative and progress through a trajectory of professional and personal achievement. (brookings.edu)
  • As the world economic and market relations are influenced by boundless information flow, huge movements of people, goods and services, and, based on that, a totally new context of globalization is emerging, countries around the world started to define their long-term policies for human, social development and economic growth coordinating them closely with global and regional development trends. (who.int)
  • An attempt to understand the functioning of one the world's most powerful companies using marxist categories - explaining how Amazon manages to combine the functions of productive, comercial and finance capital. (libcom.org)
  • Interesting ourselves in the functioning and the evolving realities of capital, making use of and verifying the operation of Marxist categories, is a basic theoretical and practical task for communists. (libcom.org)
  • In 1913, Rosa Luxemburg's The Accumulation of Capital offered a unique contribution to the Marxist theory of imperialism partly because she drew on primary accounts of Africa's super-exploitation, with nuanced attention to the social formation emerging in South Africa. (cadtm.org)
  • For Marx, as for Liebig, this robbery was not of course confined simply to external nature, since humans as corporeal beings were themselves part of nature. (monthlyreview.org)
  • Once again this validates the thesis of Marx that it is always necessary to mobilise more constant capital in relation to variable capital to increase the productivity of labour - to put it another way, to concentrate crystallised labour as opposed to living labour, which means increasing the rate of exploitation. (libcom.org)
  • 2 It was this overall integrated approach that led Marx to define socialism in terms of a process of sustainable human development-understood as the necessity of maintaining the earth for future generations, coupled with the greatest development of human freedom and potential. (monthlyreview.org)
  • Moreover, Marx placed great emphasis on the fact that natural resources under capitalism are treated as a "free gift of Nature to capital," and hence they do not enter directly into the production of value. (monthlyreview.org)
  • It fulfils all the functions of industrial capital (financial, commercial and productive) and draws advantage from this integration, notably by controlling flows of money, which means at the same time maximum capture of surplus value (which it does not have to share with other companies) and the acceleration of the turnover of its capital. (libcom.org)
  • It makes an accumulation of misery a necessary condition, corresponding to the accumulation of wealth. (libcom.org)
  • The contradiction between wealth and value thus lies at the core of the accumulation process and is directly associated with the degradation and disruption of natural conditions. (monthlyreview.org)
  • Following an introductory brief presentation and supported by keynote interventions, the seminar will first survey how cities are contributing to the current (state-based) international climate regime and then delve into the preliminary characteristics of an urban climate standard of diligence. (cidob.org)
  • Many countries experienced lower investment flows, disruptions in supply chains, and setbacks to human capital accumulation. (worldbank.org)
  • With the perspective view of open innovation, this research explores the effects of relational capital and technological innovation capability on international performance, with a particular focus on the moderating effect of alliance proactiveness. (mdpi.com)
  • Allocating environmental impacts to consumers is consistent with the perspective that consumers are the ultimate drivers of production, with their purchasing decisions setting in motion a series of trade transactions and production activities, rippling along complex international supply-chain networks 5 . (nature.com)
  • Human Capital Accumulation: Education Development in Malaysia 9. (e-elgar.com)
  • Given the importance of human capital in the process of economic development, the results presented here suggest that natural disasters represent a significant threat to the development prospects of relatively poor countries. (repec.org)
  • The increase of competitiveness in Mexico depends largely on the development of its human capital nationwide, a process that would benefit from a wide array of cooperative regional projects involving student mobility, research, and short-term practical courses for young students engaged in dual and apprenticeship programs in which corporations and small businesses play a key role. (brookings.edu)
  • CIDOB analyses the political changes taking place in the region and their effects, both on the countries' development and international integration strategies, as well as on regional balances. (cidob.org)
  • National Development Strategy of Mongolia defines in a comprehensive manner its policy for the next fourteen years aimed at promoting human development in Mongolia, in a humane, civil, and democratic society, and developing intensively the country's economy, society, science, technology, culture and civilization in strict compliance with global and regional development trends. (who.int)
  • Asia is emerging to become an important global development epicenter in addition to America and Europe, and this process is gaining momentum with rapidly developing economies and growing populations of India and China and attracting due attention of the world. (who.int)
  • In effect, contrary to appearances, Amazon is far from only being active in the sphere of commercial capital. (libcom.org)
  • During twenty workshops, five pre-hearings, a final hearing and a complementary hearing, systematic testimonies resulted in specific rulings and a final sentence bearing on this specific process wherein national and foreign jury members recognised - for the first time in the international legal sphere - the vast and systematic character of the attack against the peasantry and independent food production. (grain.org)
  • Humans generally acquire the disease directly or indirectly from infected animals, or through occupational exposure to infected or contaminated animal products. (who.int)
  • This was visible in the many forms of bonded labor, in the conditions of social reproduction in the patriarchal household, and in the destructive physical impacts and the loss of the vital powers of individual human beings. (monthlyreview.org)
  • Participation' involves the design and implementation of a post-war social and political decision making processes, to enhance the involvement of all stakeholders in the peace process and to enable prosperous peace building. (unu.edu)
  • In this view, human-material existence is simultaneously social-historical and natural-ecological. (monthlyreview.org)
  • The system in its narrow pursuit of profit-and on ever-greater scales-increasingly disrupts the fundamental ecological processes governing all life, as well as social reproduction. (monthlyreview.org)
  • The indifference to the very possibility of labour-power's reproduction shown by capital in the first phase of its history was only very partially (and today increasingly precariously) redeemed centuries later by the creation of the welfare state. (libcom.org)
  • Amazon has managed to integrate on a high level the flexibility of labour and various productive processes, involving its own internal workforce as well as numerous sub-contractors. (libcom.org)
  • Capital investment both embodies technical change and makes labor more productive. (jobsanddevelopment.org)
  • 5 Human capital inflected by "Asian values"-namely, the preference for societal stability over personal freedom-is administered at the whims of the Singaporean government, for whom migrants' labor is essential for the country's growth. (e-flux.com)
  • Control of anthrax among humans depends on the integration of veterinary and human health surveillance and control programmes. (who.int)
  • In all 3 of these countries, the rise in imports offset the rise in exports, and so in aggregate, foreign savings (the capital account or net transfers) were used to finance part of the increase in investment. (jobsanddevelopment.org)
  • Based on this latest model, they explain the likely economic impact of Brexit on a wide range of macroeconomic variables, namely GDP, wages, private consumption, capital remuneration, aggregate exports, aggregate imports, and the consumer price index. (ciaonet.org)
  • This increases the role and influence of secondary and peripheral cities, which enrich the political processes of problem-solving with new perspectives, concerns and solutions that are close and inclusive to more citizens. (cidob.org)
  • Furthermore, the political changes implemented to promote democracy could trigger violence that then stalls the democratic process. (unu.edu)
  • fostering a democratic system of governance, which serves its citizens, protects human rights and freedoms, and is free from corruption and red tape. (who.int)
  • In both instances, Marx's notion of the robbery of the soil is intrinsically connected to the rift in the metabolism between human beings and the earth. (monthlyreview.org)
  • The robbery and the rift in nature's metabolism was also a robbery and a rift in the human metabolism. (monthlyreview.org)
  • In addition to its intrinsic importance in the use of alternative fuels, the process of beta-oxidation clearly illustrates the role of vitamin cofactors in metabolism. (medscape.com)
  • Access to international trade and capital inflows (covered in a future blog). (jobsanddevelopment.org)
  • Consistent with Chenery and Syrquin's findings, we see here that increased investment (gross fixed capital formation) drove growth in the largest countries (China, India, and Bangladesh), and a combination of net trade and investment featured in the smaller countries. (jobsanddevelopment.org)
  • But through greater openness, each was able to raise productivity through policies that supported comparative advantage in trade, and each was able to access foreign capital to help finance export-oriented and growth-enhancing investments. (jobsanddevelopment.org)
  • Effects of Human Capital and International Trade on Total Factor Productivity and Economic Growth 10. (e-elgar.com)
  • He continues: 'The problem is how to find a niche somewhere between underdevelopment and the domination exercised over the local economy by foreign capital… Ruling elites learn that gate-keeping functions (trade licences, contracts, foreign exchange) bring huge rewards (far greater and with far fewer costs than legitimate business). (spiked-online.com)
  • This emerging trend is an outcome of the spread of globalization, which generates economies of scale by clustering economic activities -fueled by technological change, international trade, finance and foreign direct investment- in cities. (cidob.org)
  • In previous studies, technological innovation capabilities were emphasized as a factor that enables SMEs to compete in the international market. (mdpi.com)
  • To this end, SMEs need to cooperate with external partners to strengthen their technological innovation capabilities to thus improve their international performance. (mdpi.com)
  • At the same time, the Bank has down-played the importance for growth of accumulating more human or physical capital. (jobsanddevelopment.org)
  • The recovery of the ecological-materialist foundations of Karl Marx's thought, as embodied in his theory of metabolic rift, is redefining both Marxism and ecology in our time, reintegrating the critique of capital with critical natural science. (monthlyreview.org)
  • In the process, another electron transfer occurs, this time to nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD), and more ATP is produced by passage down the electron transport chain. (medscape.com)
  • My own simple growth accounting for the fastest growing economies from 1991-2017 concurs: capital accumulation explains 50% of real GDP growth, and TFP explains 35 percent. (jobsanddevelopment.org)
  • Proceedings of the 2nd International Symposium on New Technologies for Urban Safety of Mega Cities in Asia. (preventionweb.net)
  • In Proceedings of the 15th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS 2003) (pp. 647-650). (mpi.nl)
  • Climate change, human security and violent conflict. (preventionweb.net)
  • Urban congregations are nests that attract opportunities -based on accumulation of resources- and act as recipients of hazardous global challenges -climate change, security, immigration or poverty- alike. (cidob.org)
  • Furthermore, cooperation amongst city networks favours the decentralization of decision-making and political power away from capital cities. (cidob.org)
  • Political participation has many dimensions such as constitutional design, electoral politics, human rights protection, the legal and justice system, decentralization, and political culture. (unu.edu)
  • Finally, the law which always holds the relative surplus production or industrial reserve army in equilibrium with the extent and energy of accumulation rivets the worker to capital more firmly than the wedges of Hephaestus held Prometheus to the rock. (libcom.org)
  • First, Luxemburg's Accumulation gives us the basic tools to work through why there is a "ceaseless flow of capital from one branch of production to another, and finally in the periodic and cyclical swings of reproduction between overproduction and crisis" (2003, 76). (cadtm.org)
  • We review and summarise those studies that holistically assess the impact of human activities, in the sense that impacts are not restricted to the home, city, or territory of the individuals, but instead are counted irrespective of where they occur. (nature.com)
  • Although the dynamic has suffered from changing circumstances in policy, funding, and the negative impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a valuable accumulation of successful experiences and best practices to build on. (brookings.edu)
  • In this paper I investigate the effects of disasters on human capital accumulation using an extensive panel dataset on natural disasters, covering 170 countries over a 25 year period (1980-2004). (repec.org)
  • It also identifies core bottlenecks in the ongoing integration processes, including global and regional integration. (worldbank.org)
  • The result is that increasingly large sectors of the world's population are destined to extinction because they are believed to be redundant or inappropriate to the valorisation requirements of capital. (libcom.org)
  • Routine cross-notification between the veterinary and human health surveillance systems should be part of any zoonotic disease prevention and control programme, and close collaboration between the two health sectors is particularly important during epidemiological and outbreak investigations. (who.int)
  • But when I consulted Bosworth and Collins' " The Empirics of Growth: An Update " looking for numbers for Low-Income Countries (LICs) that would validate the thesis of "It's Not Factor Accumulation", I didn't find them. (jobsanddevelopment.org)
  • Currently, the major financial agencies, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, have undertaken the task of re-drawing the boundaries of welfare and economic policies as a whole in both the advanced and the developing countries. (libcom.org)
  • Dependency is a form of unequal international relationship between two sets of countries. (perlego.com)
  • Since it was first reported in Vietnam in 2003, the disease has been responsible for human outbreaks and deaths in 15 countries in Asia, Europe, Middle East and Africa resulting in 603 human cases including 356 deaths. (who.int)
  • It has existed for hundreds of years and still occurs naturally in both animals and humans in many parts of the world, including Asia, southern Europe, sub-Sahelian Africa and parts of Australia. (who.int)
  • However, the unstoppable power of cities is underrepresented at a global scale, where cities still have a limited voice in the architecture of international big decision-making. (cidob.org)
  • In the case of Valencia (Figure 1 ), the third largest city in Spain, population-wise, local and regional administrations are seeking ways to strengthen the city's position in the international arena by staging different sports mega-events (e.g. (hindawi.com)
  • The importance of international markets is constantly emphasized for small and medium enterprises(SMEs). (mdpi.com)
  • The collision of human capital, climatic design, and migration policies has created an untenable situation in twenty-first-century Asia. (e-flux.com)
  • All testimony provided ample evidence that the so-called structural reforms and international public policies promoted since the eighties are responsible, in conjunction with constitutional changes and reforms to laws and regulations, for the dismantling of legal and institutional protections at the expense of peasant communities. (grain.org)
  • These capitals, who wouldn't exist on the world market (and perhaps not at all) without Amazon, have the function of taking on basic industrial risk, that of failing to realise the value and surplus value contained in commodities. (libcom.org)
  • A cautious hypothesis may be that ultimately peace, prosperity and participation are mutually reinforcing, even if we do not yet know very well how these processes work together. (unu.edu)
  • As the Kenya Human Rights Commission has bravely borne witness to in its work, elections in 1992, 1997, 2002 and the 2005 referendum vote have all been accompanied by political violence (1). (spiked-online.com)
  • In requesting the PPT's intervention in Mexico, the petitioning group of organisations, communities and persons declared: "In light of the dense legal thicket enveloping us, it's urgent for us to find an authority that actually goes beyond the international institutional framework. (grain.org)
  • Morquio syndrome is characterized by a unique skeletal dysplasia with excessive KS and/or C6S accumulation. (medscape.com)
  • It considers the debates over the EU's internal transformation and its role as an international actor. (cidob.org)
  • My analysis shows that disasters have both a direct, contemporaneous effect and a long-term, indirect effect on human capital. (repec.org)
  • Treating human capital as a long-term investment decision, it is clear that access to finance is likely to be a crucial factor in household decisions about whether or not to invest in children's health and education. (repec.org)
  • Three decades ago, access to education in Mexico was defined as a basic human right and consequently as an obligation of the State. (brookings.edu)
  • Tribal violence', 'genocide' and comparisons with Rwanda in 1994 characterised the early international media coverage of the post-election crisis in Kenya at the beginning of 2008. (spiked-online.com)
  • Entrepreneurship has, for many reasons, an increasingly important role to play in this process. (unu.edu)
  • It is not only accumulation that is dependent on access to the state but also political support. (spiked-online.com)
  • It is even more accurate today, whether capital accumulation passes through factory, plantation, dam, mine or the carpet weaving workshops where it is by no means rare for children to be working in conditions of slavery. (libcom.org)
  • Moreover, any realistic historical understanding required a focus on the complex interconnections and interdependencies associated with human-natural conditions. (monthlyreview.org)
  • Interest is calculated on the amount of the capital invested or borrowed, the duration of the operation and the rate that has been set. (cadtm.org)