• Abstract: 'In this study [investigators] have generated a EYFP targeted to the mitochondrial intermembrane space (MIMS-EYFP) to determine for the first time the pH within this compartment. (harvard.edu)
  • transfers two electrons from NADH to CoQ while translocating four protons to the intermembrane space. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • The concomitant operation of the Q cycle translocates four protons to the intermembrane space. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • Two protons are translocated to the intermembrane space for every two electrons that reduce oxygen. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • Ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase pumps protons into the intermembrane space, creating an electrochemical gradient. (yeastgenome.org)
  • Explanation: The electron transport chain is used to pump protons into the intermembrane space. (roadlesstraveledstore.com)
  • The main purpose of the electron transport chain is to build up a surplus of hydrogen ions (protons) in the intermembrane space sp that there will be a concentration gradient compared to the matrix of the mitochondria. (roadlesstraveledstore.com)
  • The energy needed to push protons out of the matrix and into the intermembrane space comes from the oxidation of either reduced NAD (NADH) or reduced FAD (FADH2). (rice.edu)
  • The removal of protons from the matrix and deposition of protons in the intermembrane space creates a concentration difference of protons across the inner membrane. (rice.edu)
  • The set of machines, each one irreducibly complex, performs "oxidative phosphorylation" (OxPhos) through an "electron transport chain" (ETC). Electrons from food are transferred by enzymes through Complexes I, II, III, and IV to pump protons into the intermembrane space. (evolutionnews.org)
  • Each mitochondrion consists of an outer membrane and an inner membrane with a space between them, called the intermembrane space. (visiblebody.com)
  • The membranes of the mitochondrion divide the organelle into two distinct compartments: one within the interior of the mitochondrion, called the matrix , and a second between the inner and outer membranes, called the intermembrane space . (fact-archive.com)
  • the double membranes divide the mitochondrion into two distinct parts: the intermembrane space and the mitochondrial matrix. (markedbyteachers.com)
  • 2013). Apoptosis is induced intrinsically by the release of pro-apoptotic proteins from the inter-membrane space of the mitochondrion (eg. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • The perinuclear translocation of certain proteins and enzymes were studied and results showed that perinuclear space was important for genome integrity and gene regulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) houses a large spectrum of proteins with distinct and -critical functions. (uni-koeln.de)
  • As the largest protein, Tic214 traverses the inner membrane, the intermembrane space and the outer membrane, connecting the TOC complex with the TIC proteins. (nature.com)
  • Mia40-dependent disulphide bond exchange is used by animals, yeast, and probably plants for import of small, cysteine-rich proteins into the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS). (hud.ac.uk)
  • Allen, JWA, Ferguson, SJ & Ginger, ML 2008, ' Distinctive biochemistry in the trypanosome mitochondrial intermembrane space suggests a model for stepwise evolution of the MIA pathway for import of cysteine-rich proteins ', FEBS Letters , vol. 582, no. 19, pp. 2817-2825. (hud.ac.uk)
  • Receptor proteins that are part of the TOM complex recognize the signal sequence and transport the protein through a channel within the TOM interior into the intermembrane space (the region between the mitochondrian's inner and outer membranes). (reasons.org)
  • Alternatively, some proteins destined to operate in the inner membrane space possess a stop signal sequence. (reasons.org)
  • Execution of PCD includes the release of several proapoptotic proteins from the intermembrane space of mitochondria. (techscience.com)
  • They then export some of these proteins as well some mitochondrially-encoded proteins to the inter membrane space, or they insert them into the inner membrane. (tcdb.org)
  • At least for those proteins that contain their N-termini in the intermembrane space, export is mediated by the Oxa1p export machinery. (tcdb.org)
  • Their structural features include inner and outer membranes that bound an intermembrane space. (genetex.com)
  • The intermembrane space (IMS) is the space occurring between or involving two or more membranes. (wikipedia.org)
  • It also refers to the space between the inner and outer nuclear membranes of the nuclear envelope, but is often called the perinuclear space. (wikipedia.org)
  • These two membranes allow the formation of two aqueous compartments, which are the intermembrane space (IMS) and the matrix. (wikipedia.org)
  • The nuclear envelope is composed of two lipid bilayer membranes that are penetrated by nuclear pores and separated by a small intermembrane space, which is often called the perinuclear space. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interaction of the intermembrane space domain of Tim23 protein with mitochondrial membranes. (mpg.de)
  • D) Double-membrane vesicles with a large space between the inner (arrow) and outer (open arrow) membranes of the vesicles. (cdc.gov)
  • Once in the intermembrane space (the region between the outer and inner membranes), two different TIM complexes (TIM22 and TIM23) work together, taking the protein "baton" from the TOM complex and ushering the protein into the lumen (or the matrix) of the mitochondria. (reasons.org)
  • The intermembrane space is the narrow part between the two membranes while the mitochondrial matrix is the part enclosed by the innermost membrane. (markedbyteachers.com)
  • We now include manually curated annotations of sub-mitochondrial localization (matrix, inner membrane, intermembrane space, outer membrane) as well as assignment to 149 hierarchical 'MitoPathways' spanning seven broad functional categories relevant to mitochondria. (nih.gov)
  • It is known that during apoptosis cytochrome c is translocated from the intermembrane space of mitochondria to the cytosol, a process that is reflected in the detection of cytochrome c in the cytosolic fraction of apoptotic cells. (qiagen.com)
  • Link to all annotated objects annotated to mitochondrial intermembrane space protein transporter complex. (planteome.org)
  • Link to all direct and indirect annotations to mitochondrial intermembrane space protein transporter complex. (planteome.org)
  • If the protein is to carry out its work in the intermembrane space, then the OXA complex will transport the protein back across the inner membrane. (reasons.org)
  • Instead, peptidases in the intermembrane space remove the signal sequence, allowing the protein to adopt its operational structure. (reasons.org)
  • Mitochondrial protein import machinery includes translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex, translocases of the inner membrane (TIM) complex, beta‐barrel pathway complex, the mitochondrial intermembrane space import and assembly (MIA) pathway complex, carrier proteins of the inner membrane and the TIM23 complex and sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • Virions are seen budding into (arrowheads) and accumulating within the dilated inter-membrane space. (cdc.gov)
  • This is achieved by oxidizing ubiquinol (ubihydroquinone) which reacts from the membrane phase, reducing cytochrome c in the intermembrane space, and using the free energy change to transport H+ ions across the membrane from the matrix to the inter membrane space. (yeastgenome.org)
  • These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, intermembrane space , inner membrane , cristae , and matrix . (wikipedia.org)
  • The relationship between intermembrane spacing, adhesion efficiency, and lateral organization of adhesion receptors has not been established for any adhesion system. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Evidently, cristae form microcompartments that restrict the diffusion of substrates and ions between the intercristal and intermembrane spaces. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • The intermembrane space (IMS) of the chloroplast is exceedingly small, from 10 to 20 nm thick. (wikipedia.org)
  • Because of the porosity of the outer membrane, the intermembrane space is equivalent to the cytosol in its small-molecule composition. (flashcardmachine.com)
  • It also refers to the space between the inner and outer nuclear membranes of the nuclear envelope, but is often called the perinuclear space. (wikipedia.org)
  • D) Double-membrane vesicles with a large space between the inner (arrow) and outer (open arrow) membranes of the vesicles. (cdc.gov)
  • The space between the outer and inner membrane is labeled as the '"intermembrane space," and the space inside the inner membrane is called the mitochondrial matrix. (editage.com)
  • Multiprotein complexes that mediate import and sorting of mitochondrial preproteins into one of the four mitochondrial subcompartments: the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the matrix. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mitochondrial protein import machinery includes translocase of the outer membrane (TOM) complex, translocases of the inner membrane (TIM) complex, beta‐barrel pathway complex, the mitochondrial intermembrane space import and assembly (MIA) pathway complex, carrier proteins of the inner membrane and the TIM23 complex and sorting and assembly machinery (SAM) complex. (bvsalud.org)
  • The outer two membranes are similar in structure and orientation to the nuclear membranes: there is an outer membrane, an inner membrane, and a very small space between them called the-you guessed it! (morethingsjapanese.com)
  • The parts of a chloroplast such as the inner membrane, outer membrane, intermembrane space, thylakoid membrane, stroma and lamella can be clearly marked out. (morethingsjapanese.com)
  • In more detail, NADH electrons (donated to Complex I) are combined with atmospheric oxygen (provided to Complex IV) to pump protons (H+) from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane into the inter-membrane space. (ceri.com)
  • The energy released during electron transfer is used to pump protons from the mitochondrial matrix into the intermembrane space, generating a proton gradient that can be further used by ATP synthase to generate ATP. (jove.com)
  • Each of the smaller batteries is wired to a small hydraulic pump which pumps fluid (protons) into a reservoir (the intermembrane space) which feeds a generator (V) which converts the force of the fluid into power (ATP). (ceri.com)
  • The overall electron transport process releases free energy, which the complexes-I, III, and IV utilize for pumping protons into the intermembrane space. (jove.com)
  • Mitochondrial import: crossing the aqueous intermembrane space. (nih.gov)
  • The intermembrane space (IMS) of the chloroplast is exceedingly small, from 10 to 20 nm thick. (wikipedia.org)
  • Using a newly designed antibody specific to the envelope KEA1 N-terminus and transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing a C-terminal KEA1-YFP fusion protein, we show that both, the N-terminal and C-terminal, regulatory domains of KEA1 reside in the chloroplast stroma and not in the intermembrane space. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • 2016) - "Mia40 is a trans-site receptor that drives protein import into the mitochondrial intermembrane space by hydrophobic substrate binding", in press at eLife , doi: 10.7554/eLife.16177. (ualberta.ca)
  • The substitution of Pro182 with Leu allows the IxI/V peptide to sample a larger conformational space and the peptide therefore finds itself less frequently in the required conformation to bind the hydrophobic cleft. (uantwerpen.be)
  • Tim9 and Tim10 are translocase components of the intermembrane space, related to deafness-dystonia peptide 1 (DDP1). (nih.gov)
  • Virions are seen budding into (arrowheads) and accumulating within the dilated inter-membrane space. (cdc.gov)
  • These reactions release energy that is used to pump H + across the inner membrane from the matrix into the intermembrane space, establishing a proton gradient across the inner membrane. (jove.com)
  • Views of a striated band linked to the epiplasm on the ridge slopes and the intermembrane space between the plasma membrane and alveolus space inside the alveolus. (cellimagelibrary.org)
  • ODEs, four algebraic conservation expressions (for mitochondrial ATP, NADH and UQH2 and inter-membrane space c2+), and six non-linear cation ODEs (mitochondrial and extra- mitochondrial H+, K+, and Mg2+). (nih.gov)
  • As such, all permeable inter- membrane space (IMS) state variables were replaced with their respective extra-mitochondrial counterparts, and thus not included in the model. (nih.gov)
  • Sam50 functions in mitochondrial intermembrane space bridging and biogenesis of respiratory complexes. (avivasysbio.com)
  • The innermost space is called the matrix , which contains the many enzymes of the citric acid cycle (and the mitochondrial DNA). (ceri.com)
  • The lighter projections into the matrix represent the intermembrane space. (nih.gov)
  • The perinuclear space is usually about 20-40 nm wide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our deletion analyses revealed that Isa2p harbors a bipartite N-terminal leader sequence containing a mitochondrial import signal linked to a second sequence that targets Isa2p to the intermembrane space. (nih.gov)
  • Darshi, M., Trinh, K. N., Murphy, A. N. & Taylor, S. S. Targeting and import mechanism of coiled-coil helix coiled-coil helix domain-containing protein 3 (ChChd3) into the mitochondrial intermembrane space. (avivasysbio.com)
  • Link to all annotated objects annotated to mitochondrial intermembrane space protein transporter complex. (planteome.org)
  • Link to all direct and indirect annotations to mitochondrial intermembrane space protein transporter complex. (planteome.org)
  • Finally, an enzymatic activity that releases zinc from MT in the mitochondrial intermembrane space will be identified and characterized and its effect on the mechanism of zinc release from MT studied. (nih.gov)