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Protease InhibitorsHIV Protease InhibitorsSerine Proteinase InhibitorsHIV ProteaseSerine EndopeptidasesPeptide HydrolasesSecretory Leukocyte Peptidase InhibitorEndopeptidasesSaquinavirIndinavirRitonavirProteinase Inhibitory Proteins, SecretoryTrypsin InhibitorsNelfinavirSerpinsCysteine ProteasesCysteine EndopeptidasesCysteine Proteinase InhibitorsMolecular Sequence DataAmino Acid SequenceProtease NexinsCarbamatesLopinaviralpha 1-AntitrypsinPyrimidinonesDrug Resistance, ViralAprotininProtease LaTosyllysine Chloromethyl KetoneGabexateHIV-1ATP-Dependent ProteasesOligopeptidesTrypsin Inhibitor, Bowman-Birk SoybeanHIV InfectionsPepstatinsAnti-HIV AgentsAntipainCathepsinsTosylphenylalanyl Chloromethyl KetonePhenylmethylsulfonyl FluorideTrypsin Inhibitor, Kunitz SoybeanCystatinsSubstrate SpecificityLeupeptinsChymotrypsinPancreatic ElastaseReverse Transcriptase InhibitorsTrypsinKineticsSerpin E2Recombinant ProteinsBase SequenceLeukocyte ElastaseMutationDrug Resistance, Multiple, ViralAspartic Acid EndopeptidasesSerine ProteasesSulfonamidesMolecular WeightSubtilisinsAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelCell Linealpha-MacroglobulinsElafinModels, MolecularCalpainCathepsin LHydrolysisMetalloendopeptidasesBinding SitesCathepsin GTrypsin Inhibitor, Kazal PancreaticViral Nonstructural ProteinsChymasesProtein Processing, Post-TranslationalSequence Homology, Amino AcidViral LoadMethylurea CompoundsProtein BindingCloning, MolecularPyronesCells, CulturedAntiviral AgentsPapainalpha 1-AntichymotrypsinEnzyme PrecursorsProteolysisPeptide FragmentsKallikreinsProtein Structure, TertiaryTryptasesProtein PrecursorsProteinsStructure-Activity RelationshipDrug Therapy, CombinationPyridinesCrystallography, X-RayHydrogen-Ion Concentration

Nucleoside reverse-tRitonavirNonnucleosideEnzymeIntegrase InhibitorCathepsinAntiretroviralSerine proteasesCysteine proteasesProteinsCholinesterase inhibitorsViralReplicationInhibitPost-attachment inhibitorsPolymerase inhibitorIrreversibleReverse transcriptSerpinBoceprevirIndinavirDigestionProteolytic cleavageAntiviralInhibitsChymotrypsinReyatazAntagonistSSRICytotoxicDrugsSofosbuvirCoronavirusAEBSFInhibitionSoybeansJohn's WortMetabolismFindings suggestTreatmentBiologicalImmune systemSuicideLiverCellsInfectionNaturallyProteinPromotes

Nucleoside reverse-t1

• lamivudine (Epivir), both from the "nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor" class (NRTI) of antiretroviral treatments. (dukehealth.org)

Ritonavir3

• Ritonavir helps protease inhibitors like the Pfizer drug persist longer in the human body, making them more effective in fighting a virus. (kut.org)
• a protease inhibitor combination (PI), amprenavir/ritonavir (Agenerase and Norvir). (dukehealth.org)
• and the protease inhibitor ritonavir. (hemaware.org)

Nonnucleoside2

• There are three classes of approved DAAs: NS3/4A protease inhibitors, NS5A inhibitors, and polymerase inhibitors (nonnucleoside inhibitors and nucleotide inhibitors). (medscape.com)
• In addition, patients take dasabuvir, a nonnucleoside protease inhibitor. (hemaware.org)

Enzyme8

• Proteinase propeptide inhibitors (sometimes referred to as activation peptides) are responsible for the modulation of folding and activity of the peptidase pro-enzyme or zymogen . (wikipedia.org)
• The researchers believe tobacco and marijuana may interfere with a key liver enzyme involved in the processing of Reyataz in the body. (hivplusmag.com)
• The term "nucleoside" denotes the structure of the compound, meaning that it mimics one of the nucleoside units of DNA and interferes with the enzyme by that mimicry. (dukehealth.org)
• Protease inhibitors interfere with the enzyme that HIV needs to snip apart the protein it creates in reproducing itself. (dukehealth.org)
• Pfizer's drug is part of a decades-old family of antiviral drugs known as protease inhibitors, which revolutionized the treatment of HIV and hepatitis C. The drugs block a key enzyme which viruses need to multiply in the human body. (staradvertiser.com)
• These agents interfere with HCV replication by inhibiting a key viral enzyme, NS3/4A serine protease. (medscape.com)
• Taking this strategy into an Alzheimer disease mouse model, scientists have boosted the activity of an Aβ-degrading enzyme by reducing levels of an endogenous inhibitor. (alzforum.org)
• Alcohol also interferes with proper inflammatory responses by disturbing the enzymatic processing of TNFα by TNFα Converting Enzyme (TACE) and abrogating TNFα/TACE function [ 11 , 12 ]. (cdc.gov)

Integrase Inhibitor2

• The integrase inhibitor raltegravir is metabolized by UGT1A1 and may be a suitable option when trying to minimize interactions with other drug classes. (hiv.gov)
• No integrase inhibitor resistance was detected. (cdc.gov)

Cathepsin3

• This invention relates to a compound of formula I and their use as inhibitors of Cathepsin C, pharmaceutical compositions containing the same, and methods of using the same as agents for treatment and/or prevention of diseases connected with dipeptidyl peptidase I activity, e.g. respiratory diseases. (justia.com)
• Thus, inhibitors of Cathepsin C could potentially be useful therapeutics for the treatment of neutrophil-dominated inflammatory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary emphysema, asthma, multiple sclerosis, and cystic fibrosis (Guay et al. (justia.com)
• Neutrophils are recruited to the site of joint inflammation and release Cathepsin G, elastase and proteinase 3, proteases which are believed to be responsible for cartilage destruction associated with rheumatoid arthritis. (justia.com)

Antiretroviral2

• Tenvir EM Tablets is indicated in combination with other antiretroviral agents (such as non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or protease inhibitors) for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults. (itradeeximm.com)
• The absence of resistance to dolutegravir (DTG) is reassuring but underscores the need to further study the impact of ABC and 3TC/FTC resistance on pediatric protease inhibitor- and DTG-based regimens and accelerate access to other antiretroviral drugs. (cdc.gov)

Serine proteases2

• Consistent with its role in the activation of serine proteases from hematopoetic cells, DPPI is also relatively highly expressed in neutrophils, cytotoxic lymphocytes, natural killer cells, alveolar macrophages and mast cells. (justia.com)
• In light of the role DPPI plays in activating certain pro-inflammatory serine proteases, the problem of the present invention is to prepare compounds that inhibit its activity, which thereby inhibit downstream serine protease activity. (justia.com)

Cysteine proteases2

• SARS-CoV-2 requires two cysteine proteases for viral polypeptide processing to allow maturation and replication: the 3C-like protease also known as the Main protease (M pro ) and the papain-like protease (PL pro ). (biorxiv.org)
• In the October 23 Neuron, Gan and colleagues now report that APP mice lacking cystatin C (CysC)-an inhibitor of cysteine proteases including CatB-have lower soluble Aβ levels and reduced Aβ-associated deficits in cognition, behavior, and synaptic plasticity compared to APP/CysC+/+ mice. (alzforum.org)

Proteins9

• A trypsin inhibitor (TI) is a protein and a type of serine protease inhibitor (serpin) that reduces the biological activity of trypsin by controlling the activation and catalytic reactions of proteins. (wikipedia.org)
• A compound that interferes with the ability of certain enzymes to break down proteins. (cancer.gov)
• In biology and biochemistry , protease inhibitors , or antiproteases , [1] are molecules that inhibit the function of proteases ( enzymes that aid the breakdown of proteins ). (wikipedia.org)
• Many naturally occurring protease inhibitors are proteins . (wikipedia.org)
• HIV-1 protease cleaves an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) precursor proteins, such as cleaving the env protein , glycoprotein (GP) 160 , into gp41 and gp120 . (proteopedia.org)
• In other words, HIV-1 protease is responsible for maturation of the virion by cleaving proteins into their mature form. (proteopedia.org)
• Pol gene on the other hand codes for three essential enzymes which are Reverse Transcriptase (RT), Integrase (IN) and Protease (PR), among other proteins. (proteopedia.org)
• HIV-1 Protease acts as 'chemical scissors' to cleave the polyproteins into functional constituent proteins. (proteopedia.org)
• Protease inhibitors are known to combat cancer by preventing the synthesis of key proteins required for cancer cells to divide and invade neighbouring tissues and organs. (meschinohealth.com)

Cholinesterase inhibitors1

• Presently, the drugs available for AD treatment, including cholinesterase inhibitors and an antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, can only inhibit dementia symptoms for a limited period of time but cannot stop or reverse disease progression. (biomedcentral.com)

Viral6

• For the drugs used to treat viral infections, see protease inhibitor (pharmacology) . (wikipedia.org)
• HIV-1 Protease is a viral aspartic protease that responsible for maturation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) . (proteopedia.org)
• Because the cleave step results in infectious viral particles, Drugs called protease inhibitors can interfere with this step of the viral life cycle and further prevent HIV infection progressing. (proteopedia.org)
• The new viral particles cannot enter the host cell without maturation which require HIV-encoded protease. (proteopedia.org)
• Host proteases have been shown to play important roles in many viral activities such as entry, uncoating, viral protein production and disease induction. (biomedcentral.com)
• It binds to the N-terminus within domain 1 of NS5A, which may cause structural distortions that interfere with NS5A functions, and thereby inhibits both viral RNA replication and virion assembly. (medscape.com)

Replication3

• RSV utilizes a host protease in its replication cycle but its potential as antiviral target is unknown. (biomedcentral.com)
• Sofosbuvir is a NS5B polymerase inhibitor that results in suppression of HCV replication and interrupts HCV life cycle. (medscape.com)
• Remarkably, the Bowman-Birk inhibitor does not interfere with function and replication of normal, healthy cells. (meschinohealth.com)

Inhibit5

• Protease inhibitors may be classified either by the type of protease they inhibit, or by their mechanism of action. (wikipedia.org)
• Therefore, these cellular proteases are putative targets for the development of antivirals that inhibit their activity. (biomedcentral.com)
• Recent studies show that many other beans and peas also contain protease inhibitors that are shown to inhibit important steps in cancer development. (meschinohealth.com)
• The question has been whether other legumes, besides soy beans, contain appreciable amounts of protease inhibitors that have an ability to inhibit cancer development and growth. (meschinohealth.com)
• Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum ) and Other Plant-Derived Protease Inhibitor Concentrates Inhibit Breast and Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation In Vitro. (meschinohealth.com)

Post-attachment inhibitors1

• CCR5 antagonists and post-attachment inhibitors block different molecules on the CD4 cells. (medlineplus.gov)

Polymerase inhibitor1

• On October 10, 2014, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Harvoni™, a combination of ledipasvir, an NS5A inhibitor, and sofosbuvir, a polymerase inhibitor, to treat patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, genotype 1. (hemaware.org)

Irreversible2

• Serpins - including trypsin inhibitors - are irreversible and suicide substrate-like inhibitors. (wikipedia.org)
• Potent, irreversible inhibitor of PI 3-kinase. (tocris.com)

Reverse transcript2

• In particular, protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors affect the CYP450 or other transporter systems and may be associated with clinically significant drug interactions. (hiv.gov)
• Tenvir Tablets belongs to a class of antiviral medications called reverse transcriptase inhibitors. (itradeeximm.com)

Serpin1

• Of these, the ones with the strongest affinity for this factor are (in order) the Serpin protease nexin 1, C1-esterase inhibitor, antithrombin, protease inhibitor, and plasmin inhibitor. (medscape.com)

Boceprevir2

• Please see Adult OI guidelines for information about drug interactions, including warnings about interactions between boceprevir and HIV protease inhibitors. (hiv.gov)
• The first protease inhibitors, boceprevir and telaprevir, are no longer available for use in the United States and have been supplanted by antivirals with greater efficacy and improved safety profiles. (medscape.com)

Indinavir1

• Administration with protease inhibitors: indinavir should be administered at least 1 hour before or after ddI on an empty stomach. (cdc.gov)

Digestion2

• As a result, protease inhibitors that interfere with digestion activity have an antinutritional effect. (wikipedia.org)
• Plant defenses against chewing insects follow a jasmonite-mediated pathway that induces protease inhibitors and polyphenol oxidase, which suppress digestion and growth. (scienceblog.com)

Proteolytic cleavage1

• Simeprevir inhibits HCV NS3/4A protease needed for proteolytic cleavage of the HCV-encoded polyprotein into mature forms. (medscape.com)

Antiviral2

• Both of the antiviral medicines from Pfizer and Merck attack the coronavirus by interfering with its ability to replicate itself. (kut.org)
• Viracept Nelfinavir Tablet is an antiviral medication in a group of HIV medicines called protease (PRO-tee-AYZ) inhibitors. (itradeeximm.com)

Inhibits2

• This family includes PinA, which inhibits the endopeptidase La. It binds to the La homotetramer but does not interfere with the ATP binding site or the active site of La. (wikipedia.org)
• AEBSF, as a serine protease inhibitor, inhibits the lysis of leukemic cells by human macrophages without inhibiting macrophage secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β [2] . (medchemexpress.com)

Chymotrypsin1

• Additionally, trypsin inhibitor partially interferes with chymotrypsin function. (wikipedia.org)

Reyataz1

• HIVers taking the protease inhibitor Reyataz might want to kick their smoking habit and stop using marijuana, according to a study presented at the 2009 Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. (hivplusmag.com)

Antagonist1

• Travelers taking atovaquone-proguanil for malaria prophylaxis should avoid using cimetidine (an H2 receptor antagonist) because this medication interferes with proguanil metabolism. (cdc.gov)

SSRI1

• consider an alternative antimalarial prophylaxis to atovaquone-proguanil for travelers taking this selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). (cdc.gov)

Cytotoxic1

• Live attenuated vaccines generally should be avoided in immunocompromised travelers, including those taking antimetabolites, calcineurin inhibitors, cytotoxic agents, immunomodulators, and high-dose steroids (see Table 3-04 ). (cdc.gov)

Drugs1

• and telaprevir, trade name Incivek™, made by Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc. They are protease inhibitors, oral drugs that prevent HCV from replicating when taken with the standard of care, peginterferon (PegIFN) and ribavirin (RBV). (hemaware.org)

Sofosbuvir1

• Sofosbuvir is an inhibitor of HCV NS5B RNA-dependent polymerase. (medscape.com)

Coronavirus1

• The Merck drug works by interfering with the coronavirus' genetic code, a novel approach to disrupting the virus. (staradvertiser.com)

AEBSF3

• Several protease inhibitors, representing different classes of proteases (AEBSF, Pepstatin A, E-64, TPCK, PMSF and aprotinin), were tested for inhibitory effects on an RSV A2 infection of HEp-2 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
• Of all the inhibitors tested, AEBSF and TPCK significantly decreased RSV infection. (biomedcentral.com)
• RSV infection can be inhibited by broad serine protease inhibitors, AEBSF and TPCK. (biomedcentral.com)

Inhibition1

• Thus, many drug designs or much pharmaceutical research conduct by understanding the structure of HIV-1 protease active site and by inhibition of its activity disrupts HIV's ability to replicate and infect additional cells. (proteopedia.org)

Soybeans4

• Trypsin inhibitor is present in various foods such as soybeans, grains, cereals and various additional legumes. (wikipedia.org)
• Soybeans are a popular ingredient in livestock feed therefore trypsin inhibitor can be a concern due to the presence of it in soybeans. (wikipedia.org)
• The majority of soybeans used in livestock feed is converted to soybean meal and through the process the trypsin inhibitor is removed due to the heat treatment. (wikipedia.org)
• The Bowman-Birk inhibitor found in soybeans and soy products has shown remarkable results in this regard when tested against numerous types of human cancer cell lines and in many animal-based cancer models. (meschinohealth.com)

John's Wort3

• St. John's Wort Some people take this herbal supplement as a treatment for depression , but it can interfere with medications used in HIV therapy. (everydayhealth.com)
• St. John's wort is processed by the same system in the liver that handles protease inhibitors and other HIV antivirals," Hoffman-Terry says. (everydayhealth.com)
• The first studies found that St. John's Wort was a weak inhibitor of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and suggested that the herb worked like the MAOI medications we've previously discussed. (mentalhelp.net)

Metabolism2

• These patients often are receiving other medications, including antiretrovirals that interfere with metabolism or elimination of OI medications. (hiv.gov)
• Mueckler's work was centered around the mechanisms of glucose metabolism regulation and identifying factors that interfere with the process, leading to diabetes, certain cancers, and other conditions. (the-scientist.com)

Findings suggest1

• In light of prior human polymorphism data and recent mouse data highlighting cystatin C's ability to interfere with amyloid aggregation, the new findings suggest a more complex character for cystatin C and make it challenging to say whether it plays a "good" or "bad" role in AD pathogenesis. (alzforum.org)

Treatment6

• DDL-701 thus represents a drug that can immediately be repurposed and undergo clinical evaluation as a PL pro inhibitor that may be most effectively used in a protease inhibitor cocktail with an M pro inhibitor such as nirmatrelvir (Paxlovid) for the treatment of COVID-19. (biorxiv.org)
• The drug can also interfere with protease inhibitors taken for the treatment of HIV and can't be taken in conjunction with certain nitric oxide donors, organic nitrites and nitrates. (medicaldevice-network.com)
• WO2004110988 discloses peptidyl nitrile inhibitors as dipeptidyl-peptidase I (DPPI) inhibitors for the treatment of a series of diseases. (justia.com)
• WO2009074829 and WO2010142985 also disclose peptidyl nitrile inhibitors as dipeptidyl-peptidase I (DPPI) inhibitors for the treatment asthma, COPD or allergic rhinitis. (justia.com)
• The time point at which treatment with the inhibitor was most potent, was found to coincide with the expected moment of entry of the virion with the host cell. (biomedcentral.com)
• Possible interaction with Grapefruit, Protease inhibitors and Macrolide antibiotics may interfere with treatment. (ninelife.eu)

Biological2

• Trypsin inhibitor can also be essential for biological processes within the plant. (wikipedia.org)
• Potatoes also contain contain a variety of compounds that may potentially interfere with biological systems. (family-health-information.com)

Immune system1

• By damaging your immune system, HIV interferes with your body's ability to fight the organisms that cause disease. (rxwiki.com)

Suicide1

• This is a family of protease suicide inhibitors called the serpins . (wikipedia.org)

Liver1

• Factor XI is synthesized in the liver and megakaryocytes and is an 80-kd zymogen precursor of a serine protease. (medscape.com)

Cells5

• Some protease inhibitors can keep a virus from making copies of itself (for example, AIDS virus protease inhibitors), and some can prevent cancer cells from spreading. (cancer.gov)
• Next, to verify that miR-31 particularly binds to 3UTRs of also to interfere translation of these transcripts, mutant vectors harboring random mutation sequences of miR-31 biding sites from the 3UTR of and genes had been generated, and each vector was co-transfected with miR-31 into SNU-449 and SKHep-1 cells. (nos-nop.org)
• Therefore, HIV-1 protease make the virus have the ability to infect new cells by the cleave process. (proteopedia.org)
• To measure the sensitivity of RSV infection to protease inhibitors, cells were infected with RSV and incubated for 18 h in the presence or absence of the inhibitors. (biomedcentral.com)
• In addition, kidney beans (200, 400 μg/ml), soy beans (50, 100 μg/ml) and mung beans (100, 200 μg/ml) protease inhibitors inhibited the growth of certain types of prostate cancer cells. (meschinohealth.com)

Infection3

• Since HIV-1 protease play a vital role for infection, it has been studied as a drug target. (proteopedia.org)
• Host proteases have been described to play essential roles in Ebola, HCV, HIV and influenza, such that specific protease inhibitors are able to reduce infection. (biomedcentral.com)
• Therefore, we evaluated the effect of protease inhibitors on RSV infection. (biomedcentral.com)

Naturally1

• Trypsin inhibitor can also naturally occur in the pancreas of species such as bovines. (wikipedia.org)

Protein2

• Attachment inhibitors bind to a specific protein on the outer surface of HIV. (medlineplus.gov)
• EC3.4.141), is a lysosomal cysteine protease capable of removing dipeptides from the amino terminus of protein substrates. (justia.com)

Promotes1

• The defects of hai1 mutants can be phenocopied by overexpression and can be fully rescued by simultaneous inactivation of the serine protease Matriptase1a(St14a), indicating that Hai1 promotes epithelial integrity by inhibiting Matriptase1a. (biologists.com)