Infection by a first virus could enhance or reduce infection and replication of a second virus, resulting in positive (additive or synergistic) or negative (antagonistic) interaction. (cdc.gov)
At the host level, the course of infection of 1 virus might be influenced by prior or concurrent infection by another virus. (cdc.gov)
Positive virus‒virus interaction corresponds to a co-infection that might result in an increased disease severity and pathogenesis (e.g., severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2] and influenza A[H1N1]pdm09 virus) ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Homologous virus‒virus interaction implies that cross-reactive immunity against a first virus prevents infection with a second virus (e.g., among different influenza subtypes or lineages) ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Heterologous viral interference relies on induction of a nonspecific innate immune response by a first virus that reduces or prevents infection and replication of a second virus (e.g., influenza A virus [IAV] and respiratory syncytial virus [RSV]) ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
The type of virus‒virus interaction (negative or positive) is probably dependent on the respiratory viruses involved, the timing of each infection, and the interplay between the response of the host to each virus. (cdc.gov)
Induction of ISGs by a first virus might limit infection and replication of a second virus, especially if they show a differential ability to induce an IFN response or different degrees of susceptibility to immune mediators. (cdc.gov)
Moreover, we are investigating how defective interfering particles (DIPs) can be generated in the absence of infectious virus and how DIPs inhibit influenza virus infection. (dpz.eu)
This study from the laboratory of Prof. Reichl, Max-Planck-Institute Magdeburg, shows that genetically homogenous influenza A virus defective interfering particles (DIPs) produced in cell culture can inhibit influenza A virus infection in a rodent model. (dpz.eu)
Previous within-host influenza models did not explicitly consider SIPs and largely ignore the potential effects of coinfection during virus infection. (bvsalud.org)
While the model without spatial structure fails to reproduce key aspects of within-host influenza virus dynamics, we found that the model implicitly considering the spatial structure of the infection process makes predictions that are consistent with biological observations, highlighting the crucial role that spatial structure plays during an influenza infection. (bvsalud.org)
This model predicts two phases of viral growth prior to the viral peak: a first phase driven by fully infectious particles at the initiation of infection followed by a second phase largely driven by coinfections of fully infectious particles and SIPs. (bvsalud.org)
Several clinical observations point to an intricate crosstalk between iron (Fe) metabolism and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
infection with ebola virus causes a severe disease accompanied by high mortality rates, and there are no licensed vaccines or therapies available for human use. (liverpool.ac.uk)
filovirus vaccine research efforts still need to determine the roles of humoral and cell-mediated immune responses in protection from ebola virus infection. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Infectious2
These particles, called semi-infectious particles (SIPs), can induce virion production through complementation when multiple SIPs are present in an infected cell. (bvsalud.org)
Influenza is an ribonucleic acid virus with a genome that comprises eight segments. (bvsalud.org)
Retroviral particles must bind specifically to their target cells, cross the plasma membrane, reverse-transcribe their RNA genome, while uncoating the cores, find their way to the nuclear membrane and penetrate into the nucleus to finally dock and integrate into the cellular genome. (biomedcentral.com)
Populations2
Influenza A virus (IAV) populations harbor large subpopulations of defective-interfering particles characterized by internally deleted viral genomes. (bvsalud.org)
in the past decade the zaire strain of ebola virus (zebov) has emerged repeatedly into human populations in central africa and caused massive die-offs of gorillas and chimpanzees. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Virion1
We also provide evidence that virion-associated cholesterol contributes to the interaction between HCV particles and apolipoprotein E. The molecular basis for the effects of different sterols on HCV infectivity is discussed. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Replication cycle1
Besides their function in the virus replication cycle, the viral glycoprotein, nucleoprotein, minor matrix protein and polymerase cofactor are viral determinants of pathogenicity, with evasion of the host innate and adaptive immune responses as the main mechanism. (biomedcentral.com)
Protective2
Overall, our findings advance the understanding of NA antibody response and provide important insights into the development of a broadly protective influenza vaccine. (bvsalud.org)
The more probable mechanism of negative viral interactions relies on the induction of a transient innate immunity by the interfering virus. (cdc.gov)
Coronavirus3
During the coronavirus disease pandemic, nonpharmacologic interventions have prevented the circulation of most respiratory viruses. (cdc.gov)
Once the sanitary restrictions are lifted, circulation of seasonal respiratory viruses is expected to resume and will offer the opportunity to study their interactions, notably with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. (cdc.gov)
In addition to LCMV and Ebola virus we are also investigating MERS coronavirus. (dpz.eu)
Cellular1
During the long journey from the cell surface to the nucleus, retroviruses will face multiple obstacles, since in addition to finding a path through the cytoplasm to the nucleus they have to cross two main barriers, the plasma and nuclear membranes, whilst at the same time avoiding or counteracting cellular defences that can interfere with many of these steps. (biomedcentral.com)
Herpes1
The transmission of herpes B virus from macaques to humans as well as transmission of related viruses among non-human primates can cause serve disease. (dpz.eu)
Ebola6
human recombinant antibodies to ebola virus: preparation and characteristics]. (liverpool.ac.uk)
human recombinant antibodies against a purified ebola virus (ev) lysate were selected from a combinatorial library of scfv-antibodies using the phage display technique. (liverpool.ac.uk)
the status of current laboratory diagnostics for ebola and marburg virus infections is discussed in terms of the assays available and their interpretation. (liverpool.ac.uk)
ebola virus circulation in africa: a balance between clinical expression and epidemiological silence. (liverpool.ac.uk)
nearly thirty years after the first epidemics, ebola virus (ebov) remains hardly described, its transmission unclear and its reservoir elusive. (liverpool.ac.uk)
soon after the ebola fever outbreak and virus discovery in 1976 and in order to investigate the distribution of ebov in central africa, several countries including a range of ecological zones were investigated in the early 1980s, using extensive survey: central african republic (car), cameroon, chad, congo, gabon and equatorial guinea. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Interaction1
Negative virus‒virus interaction can be homologous or heterologous depending on whether the 2 viruses belong to the same family or to different serotypes or families. (cdc.gov)
Viral2
The mechanisms involved in viral interference have been evaluated in differentiated airway epithelial cells and in animal models susceptible to the respiratory viruses of interest. (cdc.gov)
The A56 protein is capable of binding two viral proteins, a serine protease inhibitor (K2) and the vaccinia virus complement control protein (VCP), and anchoring them to the surface of infected cells. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Protein6
Substitution of Val 113 in Sendai virus (SeV) M protein generates non-functional polypeptides, characterized by their exclusion from virus particles and by their ability to interfere with virus particle production. (microbiologyresearch.org)
In addition, since the gene encoding the A56 protein is non-essential, it can be used as an insertion point for foreign genes and has been deleted in some viruses that are in clinical development as oncolytic agents. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) ORF1 protein (pORF1) contains methyltransferase (MetT), papain-like cysteine protease (PCP), RNA helicase (Hel) and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domains. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Hepatitis2
LCMV is related to the highly pathogenic Lassa virus, circulates globally and is responsible for outbreaks of lethal hepatitis in marmoset colonies. (dpz.eu)
Our earlier study has demonstrated that hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated cholesterol plays a key role in virus infectivity. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Severe disease1
Emerging viruses that are transmitted from animals to humans may cause severe disease. (dpz.eu)
In this study, we aimed to investigate the diversity and complexity of the internally deleted IAV genomes within a panel of plaque-purified avian influenza viruses selected for their enhanced interferon-inducing phenotypes. (bvsalud.org)
the goal of this study was to estimate inactivation of viruses by solar exposure. (liverpool.ac.uk)
Host2
We are investigating how emerging viruses interact with host cells and cause disease. (dpz.eu)
HA-M 30 is shown (i) to bind mainly to membrane fractions, (ii) not to co-precipitate M wt , as HA-M wt does, (iii) to interfere with the binding of nucleocapsids to membranes and (iv) to accumulate in perinuclear regions, in contrast to HA-M wt , which is also found at the cell periphery. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Multiple respiratory viruses can concurrently or sequentially infect the respiratory tract and lead to virus‒virus interactions. (cdc.gov)
Results1
These encouraging results indicate that DIPs could be developed as novel influenza therapy. (dpz.eu)
Research1
The surge in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) research in order to identify new therapeutic targets has led to a better understanding of the retroviral life cycle. (biomedcentral.com)