The inhibition of influx is due in large part to the binding of metal ions to sulphydryl groups on transport proteins (ATPases), while the stimulation of efflux appears to be governed by the displacement of calcium from the intercellular tight junctions of the epithelial cells. (astm.org)
Schlemm's canal cell isolates reacted with antibodies specific for CD44 (hyaluron receptor), CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1, ICAM-1), tissue-type plasminogen activator, and TM-inducible glucocorticoid-responsive protein-myocilin (TIGR-MYOC). (nih.gov)
Nicholson, BJ 2001, ' Application of SCAM (substituted cysteine accessibility method) to gap junction intercellular channels ', Cell Communication and Adhesion , vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 179-185. (uthscsa.edu)
The major tight junction-associated proteins of the BBB are occludin, claudins, and junctional adhesion molecules that are intracellularly linked to the adaptor protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1). (bvsalud.org)
Transepithelial2
Ablation of DNMT3A in Caco-2 cells results in global DNA hypomethylation, which is linked to impaired regenerative capacity, transepithelial resistance and intercellular junction formation. (nature.com)
The epithelial permeability was evaluated by transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) assay, and inflammation- and tight junction (TJ)-related protein expression were analyzed by Western blotting. (bvsalud.org)
Permeability3
The pore-lining residues of gap junction channels determine their permeability to ions and small cellular metabolites. (uthscsa.edu)
The apical-most epithelial intercellular junction, i.e., the tight junction, regulates paracellular solute and ion permeability. (jove.com)
The correlation between a decrease in occludin levels and the perturbation of the tight junction permeability barrier provides evidence for a role of occludin in the formation of the tight junction seal. (rupress.org)
Occludin7
We, therefore, examined the effects of cyclic strain on the expression, modification, and function of 2 pivotal endothelial tight junction components, occludin and ZO-1. (edgehill.ac.uk)
CONCLUSIONS: Overall, these findings indicate that cyclic strain modulates both the expression and phosphorylation state of occludin and ZO-1 in vascular endothelial cells, with putative consequences for endothelial tight junction assembly and barrier integrity. (edgehill.ac.uk)
In addition, these proteins can also associate with claudin, occludin and F-actin, at tight junction stands, where they provide a linkage between the actin cytoskeleton and the tight junction. (thermofisher.com)
Occludin, the putative tight junction integral membrane protein, is an attractive candidate for a protein that forms the actual sealing element of the tight junction. (rupress.org)
To study the role of occludin in the formation of the tight junction seal, synthetic peptides (OCC1 and OCC2) corresponding to the two putative extracellular domains of occludin were assayed for their ability to alter tight junctions in Xenopus kidney epithelial cell line A6. (rupress.org)
The OCC2 peptide decreased the amount of occludin present at the tight junction, as assessed by indirect immunofluorescence, as well as decreased total cellular content of occludin, as assessed by Western blot analysis. (rupress.org)
The effect on occludin was specific because other tight junction components, ZO-1, ZO-2, cingulin, and the adherens junction protein E-cadherin, were unaltered by OCC2 treatment. (rupress.org)
Polarity1
Adherens junctions (AJs) are thought to be key landmarks for establishing epithelial cell polarity, but the origin of epithelial polarity in Drosophila remains unclear. (rupress.org)
Protein14
Western Blot: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Analysis in human cell lines A-431 and SK-MEL-30 using anti-TJP2 antibody. (novusbio.com)
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Green: CD31 Red: Tight Junction Protein 2 Blue: Nuclei. (novusbio.com)
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining of human pancreas shows weak cytoplasmic psotivity in exocrine glandular cells. (novusbio.com)
Western Blot: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Primary mouse lung endothelial cells treated with or without control IgG was blotted with the anti-TJP-2 antibody. (novusbio.com)
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining of human cell line U-2 OS shows positivity in plasma membrane, cytoplasm and cell junctions. (novusbio.com)
Immunocytochemistry/ Immunofluorescence: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining in primary mouse lung endothelial cells. (novusbio.com)
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining of human testis shows strong membranous and cytoplasmic positivity in cells in seminiferous ducts. (novusbio.com)
Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - Staining of human colon shows moderate cytoplasmic and membranous positivity in glandular cells. (novusbio.com)
Immunoprecipitation: Tight Junction Protein 2 Antibody [NBP1-86850] - HEK293 cells were lysed and immunoprecipitated wtih anti-TJP2 ab (NBP1-86850) and Protein A/G PLUS-Agarose. (novusbio.com)
Gap junction protein inhibitor protects mice from death and liver damage after hepatotoxic drug challenge. (genengnews.com)
Their experiments demonstrated that treating mice with a small molecule inhibitor that specifically target the hepatic gap junction protein connexion 32 (Cx32) provides significant protection against liver damage and death resulting from subsequent or simultaneous challenge with known hepatotoxic drugs such as acetaminophen. (genengnews.com)
Initial in vivo studies demonstrated that mice deficient in Cx32, the primary gap junction protein in the liver, were far less susceptible than wild-type mice to actual liver damage and inflammation caused by treatment with the hepatotoxin thioacetamide (TAA). (genengnews.com)
The investigators moved on to think about evaluating the therapeutic potential of pharmacologically inhibiting Cx32, using 2-aminoethoxy-dipenyl-borate (2APB), a compound previously shown to transiently inhibit Cx32 gap junctions in vitro, and which they confirmed was specific to the Cx32 gap junction protein. (genengnews.com)
Endothelial cells2
The tight junction, also known as zonula occludens , is the apical-most component of the junctional complex of epithelial and endothelial cells. (rupress.org)
Herein, we have described the protocol for immunoblot analysis of ZO-1 as an indicator of tight junction integrity in brain microvascular endothelial cells. (bvsalud.org)
Cells13
Contact normalization is a process by which intercellular junctions mediate signals that allow normal cells to inhibit the transformed growth of neighboring tumor cells. (wikipedia.org)
bind cells together in such a way that no material can pass through the intercellular spaces. (myhealthclass.net)
3. Gap Junctions: They connect cells but allow material to pass from one cell to another through the opening in the center of the joint. (myhealthclass.net)
While gap junctions -- interconnecting molecular bridges thatconjoin tightly packed cells -- are known to generate calcium signalsand transport other molecules between cells, the researchers say thetunneling nanotubules are something quite different. (sciencedaily.com)
This is clearly a third form of intercellular communication,distinct from gap junctions and synapses used by nerve cells. (sciencedaily.com)
The junctions form after the unicellular amoebae are starved and aggregate into a fruiting body, with junctions present only between cells at a constriction near the top of the stalk tube. (biomedcentral.com)
[7] The cells that comprise the follicle, known as granulosa cells, are connected to each other by proteins known as gap junctions, that allow small molecules to pass between the cells. (wikipedia.org)
The granulosa cells produce a small molecule, cyclic GMP , that diffuses into the oocyte through the gap junctions. (wikipedia.org)
[5] Because the granulosa cells and oocyte are connected by gap junctions, cyclic GMP also decreases in the oocyte, causing meiosis to resume. (wikipedia.org)
These contact points of the tight junction correspond to a network of intramembrane fibrils, when studied by freezefracture EM, which completely circumscribes the apices of cells ( 9 ). (rupress.org)
Inhibiting gap junctions in liver cells could provide a feasible strategy to preventing drug-induced liver injury (DILI), investigators claim. (genengnews.com)
Previous work by the MIT/MGH and Rutgers team, along with independent research, has demonstrated a link between liver inflammation and the hepatic gap junctions that enable direct intercellular communication between coupled cells in the liver. (genengnews.com)
The spatial patterns of liver injury in the TAA-treated wild-type mice led the authors to postulate that gap junction communication between cells might promote the propagation and amplification of an injury signal after TAA treatment. (genengnews.com)
Quantitative measurement of tight junction-associated proteins provides valuable insight into barrier integrity and mechanisms that regulate microvascular hyperpermeability. (bvsalud.org)
Pathology1
Because endothelium-mediated functions and pathology are driven by hemodynamic forces (cyclic strain and shear stress), we hypothesized a dynamic regulatory link between endothelial tight junction assembly/function and hemodynamic stimuli. (edgehill.ac.uk)
Plasma membrane1
Each tight-junction strand within a plasma membrane associates laterally with another tight-junction strand in the apposed membrane of an adjacent cell to form a paired tight-junction strand, obliterating the intercellular space (kissing point). (pharmacology2000.com)
Solute1
OBJECTIVE: The vascular endothelium constitutes a highly effective fluid/solute barrier through the regulated apposition of intercellular tight junction complexes. (edgehill.ac.uk)
Molecular1
The molecular constituents of intercellular junctions. (biomedcentral.com)
Mechanical1
Overall, our data suggest that the orientation of spindles in the epithelium plane requires a threshold level of mechanical tension at intercellular junctions. (ucl.ac.uk)
Cardiac2
And, itis possible that tunneling nanotubules are essential for the functionof the immune system, just as gap junctions are critical for thefunction of cardiac muscle. (sciencedaily.com)
ZO-2 and ZO-3 are ubiquitously expressed within epithelial tight junctions, and unlike ZO-1, which is also expressed at cell junctions of cardiac myocytes, ZO-2 is not expressed in nonepithelial tissue. (thermofisher.com)
Cell2
Ago de Compostela, SpainBackground: Loss of gap junction (GJ) intercellular communication (GJIC) and/or downregulation of connexins (Cxs) happen to be reported in various cancer cell lines too as in tissues of many tumour sorts like melanoma. (angiotensinreceptor.com)
Most commonly, the mutations affect the component of the disk known as the desmosome (the adhesive intercellular junction that tethers intermediate filaments to cell membranes). (msdmanuals.com)
Communication3
Intercellular communication and Cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Interestingly, if not for a minor mishap while carrying out anexperiment, the authors might not have discovered the existence ofthese physical structures and conducted the studies that revealed theirrole in intercellular communication. (sciencedaily.com)
This cellular response to arsenic (7440382), mercury (7439976), and lead (7439921), the inhibition of junction mediated intercellular communication, has not been previously reported. (cdc.gov)
Continuous1
Tight junctions appear as a set of continuous, anastomosing intramembranous particle strands or fibrils (arrowheads) on the P face with complementary vacant grooves on the E face (arrows). (pharmacology2000.com)
Prevents1
Their paper is titled "Gap junction inhibition prevents drug-induced liver toxicity and fulminant hepatic failure. (genengnews.com)
Specific1
They thus postulated that liver-specific gap junction inhibitors might act to protect the liver if they could be co-formulated with hepatotoxic drugs. (genengnews.com)
Technique2
However, application of this technique to intercellular channels is more complicated than for their transmembrane counterparts. (uthscsa.edu)
Here, a protocol for the preparation of mucosal sheets and assessment of the ion selectivity of tight junctions using Ussing chamber technique is described. (jove.com)
Shown1
In this configuration, a large and irreversible cysteine reagent MBB (maliemidobutyryl biocytin, mw 537) was shown to readily traverse the gap junction pore and induce conductance changes upon reaction of accessible sites. (uthscsa.edu)
A team at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) and the Shriners Burns Hospital, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Rutgers University, demonstrated that the progression of DILI is gap-junction dependent. (genengnews.com)