• TRPV2 regulates actin cytoskeleton and also interacts with soluble actin. (silverchair.com)
  • These compound mutant mice were compared to FXS mice to determine if genetically impairing pathways to the actin cytoskeleton can rescue deficits in the FXS mice. (fraxa.org)
  • PAK, a kinase that regulates the actin cytoskeleton downstream of Rac, also binds FMRP. (fraxa.org)
  • Both isoform 3 of the human mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase kinase 4 (MAP4K4) and Traf2- and Nck-interacting kinase (TNIK) are putative effectors of Rap2 in mediating the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) to regulate the actin cytoskeleton. (nih.gov)
  • In human platelets, Rap2 was shown to interact with the cytoskeleton by binding the actin filaments. (nih.gov)
  • APC also interacts with the actin cytoskeleton to regulate cell polarity. (ku.edu)
  • The actin cytoskeleton is essential in eukaryotes, not least in the plant kingdom where it plays key roles in cell expansion, cell division, environmental responses and pathogen defence. (biorxiv.org)
  • In addition to these results, our algorithm is designed to be easily adaptable to other tissues, mutants and plants, and so will be a valuable asset for the study and future biological engineering of the actin cytoskeleton in globally-important crops. (biorxiv.org)
  • In addition, this problem is by far the most acute for actin, the narrowest element of the cytoskeleton, which is ubiquitous throughout eukaryotic cells. (biorxiv.org)
  • The cytoskeleton is typically divided into three distinct components: microtubules, intermediate filaments and actin[ 4 , 5 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • Finally, actin filaments, also known as microfilaments, are the narrowest components of the cytoskeleton and are constructed from globular actin sub-units (G-actin) that assemble to form a helical structure 5-7nm in diameter[ 12 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • The molecular events dictating cellular division require the orchestration of numerous signaling and actin cytoskeleton interacting proteins. (upstate.edu)
  • Here we show that Asgard archaea encode functional profilins and thereby establish that this archaeal superphylum has a regulated actin cytoskeleton, one of the hallmarks of the eukaryotic cell 5 . (rcsb.org)
  • involved into cell trafficking and actin cytoskeleton organization (Kim et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
  • I suggest that in the context of semaphorin 3A signaling, RhoA-kinase serves as a switch to change the function of the F-actin cytoskeleton from promoting protrusive activity to generating contractile forces. (biologists.com)
  • Alix (ALG-2-interacting protein X), a cytoplasmic adaptor protein involved in endosomal sorting and actin cytoskeleton assembly, is required for the maintenance of fibroblast morphology. (nih.gov)
  • Rather, the defects are due in part to actin cytoskeleton dysregulation with a correspondent increase in active RhoA levels. (jneurosci.org)
  • Together, our work demonstrates ILK as necessary for normal oligodendrocyte development, reinforces its role as a bridge between the actin cytoskeleton and cell membrane, and highlights the overarching compensatory capacity of oligodendrocytes in response to cellular milieu. (jneurosci.org)
  • ILK forms an obligate heterotrimeric complex with particularly interesting Cys-His-rich protein (PINCH) and parvin, which together lend stability to the actin cytoskeleton at focal adhesions ( Brakebusch and Fässler, 2003 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • Dystrophin-glycoprotein complex bridges the inner cytoskeleton (F-actin) and the basal lamina. (medscape.com)
  • Nebulette localizes to Z-discs of cardiac muscle and appears to regulate the length of actin thin filaments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Researchers believe that myosins use long filaments of actin as tracks along which to transport other molecules. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Two strands of actin filaments composed of actin subunits wound around each other. (archive.org)
  • Inside the leading edge of a crawling cell, intricate networks of rod-like actin filaments extend toward the cell membrane at various angles, lengthening protein by protein. (phys.org)
  • We also present evidence for interactions between APC and IFs, independent of actin filaments and microtubules. (ku.edu)
  • Unlike the globular units of microtubules and actin filaments, intermediate filaments are themselves constructed from filamentous sub-units, and confer strength as well as stress resistance to the cell[ 10 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • Actin microfilaments are present as both individual filaments and bundled into thicker filaments, and play a key role in plant cell growth and internal transport[ 14 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • These archaeal profilins also retard the spontaneous nucleation of actin filaments, an effect that is reduced in the presence of phospholipids. (rcsb.org)
  • Actin- and myosin-binding protein implicated in the regulation of actomyosin interactions in smooth muscle and nonmuscle cells (could act as a bridge between myosin and actin filaments). (hmdb.ca)
  • A requirement for actin filaments (F-actin) in mediating axon retraction has long been established ( Solomon and Magendantz, 1981 ). (biologists.com)
  • In living cells, cofilin is not necessary for actin assembly on endocytic membranes but is recruited to molecularly aged adenosine diphosphate actin filaments and is necessary for their rapid disassembly. (rupress.org)
  • Cofilin binds preferentially to ADP-actin subunits within actin filaments. (rupress.org)
  • This binding induces a twist in the filament, accelerates the release of Pi from ADP-Pi subunits, and severs actin filaments ( Pollard and Borisy, 2003 ). (rupress.org)
  • The molecular determinants of cofilin recruitment to actin filaments in vivo have not been fully investigated. (rupress.org)
  • This localization was found to be unaffected by manipulations that were expected to change polymerization rates at the leading edge, which should alter the relative abundance of ATP-, ADP-Pi-, and ADP-actin subunits within the filaments. (rupress.org)
  • The mammalian protein vinculin is often a target of bacterial pathogens to subvert locally host cell actin dynamics. (nebraska.edu)
  • Myosin binding protein C interacts with other muscle proteins, including myosin, actin, and titin. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Several of the mRNAs regulated by FMRP directly impact spine actin dynamics, including both the mRNA encoding the Rac GTPase, a key regulator of actin dynamics, and the mRNA encoding profilin, an actin binding protein. (fraxa.org)
  • FMRP binds Cytoplasmic FMRP Interacting Protein (CYFIP). (fraxa.org)
  • Our previous work has shown that WAVE-1 is an important actin regulatory protein that regulates dendritic spines (a component of the synapse) and synaptic plasticity. (fraxa.org)
  • Myosins interact with actin, a protein that is important for cell movement and shape. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To identify proteins interacting with alpha A-crystallin (CRYAA) and to investigate the potential role that these protein interactions play in the function of CRYAA using a human proteome (HuProt) microarray. (molvis.org)
  • The Rap2 interacting protein 9 (RPIP9) is highly expressed in human breast carcinomas and correlates with a poor prognosis, suggesting a role for Rap2 in breast cancer oncogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • Enrichment analysis for protein localization showed that mainly intracellular and cell-associated interacting proteins were identified. (degruyter.com)
  • Actin, a crucial protein involved in various cellular functions, has predominantly been studied using actin synthesized from muscle cells. (upstate.edu)
  • Fascin is known to control the structures that allow cells to move - specifically the assembly of bundles of a protein called actin, which create the tiny 'legs' that cancer cells use to migrate to distant sites within the body. (elifesciences.org)
  • Serine protein kinases involved in the regulation of ACTIN polymerization and MICROTUBULE disassembly. (bvsalud.org)
  • We further demonstrate that the activity of Kermit in PCP differentially relies on the motor proteins: the microtubule-based dynein and kinesin motors and the actin-based myosin VI. (nih.gov)
  • In combination with myosin motors, actin aids in transport by providing the roads and pathways for cellular cargo[ 13 ]. (biorxiv.org)
  • In tissue culture cells when the spindle is positioned asymmetrically, actin and myosin assemble over the former metaphase plate in an asymmetric pattern and contraction is asymmetric, beginning at the side of the cell closest to the spindle. (upstate.edu)
  • Interacts with actin, myosin, two molecules of tropomyosin and with calmodulin. (hmdb.ca)
  • Formation of axonal F-actin bundles was independent of myosin II, but partially required RhoA-kinase activity. (biologists.com)
  • Collectively, these observations suggest that guidance cues cause axon retraction through the coordinated activation of myosin II and the formation of intra-axonal F-actin bundles for myosin-II-based force generation. (biologists.com)
  • Myosin II interacts with F-actin to generate contractile forces that result in axon retraction. (biologists.com)
  • how can myosin II drive axon retraction if the major source of the required substratum for force generation, growth cone F-actin, has been depleted? (biologists.com)
  • The sarcomeres represent the contractile element, which is composed of actin, myosin, and Z-band proteins (see image below). (medscape.com)
  • Because Asgard archaea are also predicted to encode potential eukaryotic-like genes involved in membrane-trafficking and endocytosis 3,4 , imaging is now necessary to elucidate whether these organisms are capable of generating eukaryotic-like membrane dynamics that are regulated by actin, such as are observed in eukaryotic cell movement, podosomes and endocytosis. (rcsb.org)
  • In this study, we analyzed the dynamics of fluorescently tagged cofilin and the role of cofilin-mediated actin turnover during endocytosis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . (rupress.org)
  • However, the role of actin filament disassembly (a key step in actin dynamics) during actin-mediated endocytosis is less clear. (rupress.org)
  • These small highly conserved actin-binding proteins are essential regulators of actin dynamics in living cells. (rupress.org)
  • Cofilin and its role in actin dynamics have been studied extensively in vitro. (rupress.org)
  • Such cytoskeletal changes appeared to render the eggs more receptive to sperm, as judged by the significant alleviation of polyspermy by latrunculin-A and mycalolide-B. In addition, our fluorimetric assay provided the first evidence that nicotine directly accelerates polymerization kinetics of G-actin and attenuates depolymerization of preassembled F-actin. (mdpi.com)
  • CYFIP also couples Rac to WAVE-1, an activator of spine actin polymerization. (fraxa.org)
  • Conversely, RhoA-kinase activity was required to shut down F-actin polymerization underlying protrusive activity. (biologists.com)
  • We have a particular focus on how inborn mutations in actin regulators affect immune cell-cell communication, trafficking, and maintenance of genomic stability. (ki.se)
  • A key building block of life, actin is one of the most abundant and highly conserved proteins in eukaryotic cells. (phys.org)
  • Loki profilin-1, Loki profilin-2 and Odin profilin adopt the typical profilin fold and are able to interact with rabbit actin-an interaction that involves proteins from species that diverged more than 1.2 billion years ago 6 . (rcsb.org)
  • Asgard profilins do not interact with polyproline motifs and the profilin-polyproline interaction therefore probably evolved later in the Eukarya lineage. (rcsb.org)
  • These results suggest that Asgard archaea possess a primordial, polar, profilin-regulated actin system, which may be localized to membranes owing to the sensitivity of Asgard profilins to phospholipids. (rcsb.org)
  • However, mechanistic details are lacking, and recent studies have implicated ALMS1 in several processes including endosomal trafficking, actin organisation, maintenance of centrosome cohesion and transcription. (springer.com)
  • A lot of different labs study the regulators of processes that use actin, so now we can more carefully analyze how those proteins work. (upstate.edu)
  • We have focused on understanding the role of the evolutionary conserved WASp family of actin regulators and their interacting partners in immune cells. (ki.se)
  • Based on our findings, we are testing if modulating actin regulators can be used in therapeutic approaches for Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and in personalized and generalized cancer immune therapy. (ki.se)
  • Furthermore, semaphorin 3A promotes the formation of intra-axonal F-actin bundles in concert with the loss of F-actin in growth cone lamellipodia and filopodia. (biologists.com)
  • Understanding the potential variations in actin behavior is essential for unraveling cellular processes and diseases. (upstate.edu)
  • However, the molecular mechanism of cofilin recruitment to actin networks during dynamic actin-mediated processes in living cells and cofilin's precise in vivo functions have not been determined. (rupress.org)
  • Cell surface sensors on immune cells that ordinarily recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns produced by infectious agents may also interact with DAMPs, leading to the activation of signaling pathways resulting in a nonpathogen-induced 'sterile' inflammatory response. (nature.com)
  • V-ATPase interacts with NuRD and is asymmetrically segregated into the surviving daughter cell. (elifesciences.org)
  • In muscle tissues, inhibits the actomyosin ATPase by binding to F-actin. (hmdb.ca)
  • A major modulator of actin filament disassembly is the actin-depolymerization factor/cofilin family of proteins (hereafter referred to as cofilin). (rupress.org)
  • Severing increases the number of actin filament pointed ends and, in conjunction with capping of barbed ends by capping proteins, stimulates filament disassembly ( Andrianantoandro and Pollard, 2006 ). (rupress.org)
  • Genetic and biochemical analysis of a conditional allele of cofilin showed that the actin filament disassembly activity of cofilin is essential for fluid-phase endocytosis ( Lappalainen and Drubin, 1997 ). (rupress.org)
  • In F11 cells, TRPV2 localizes in specific subcellular regions enriched with filamentous actin, such as in growth cone, filopodia, lamellipodia and in neurites. (silverchair.com)
  • F-actin is concentrated at the growth cone and sparse in the axon ( Letourneau, 1983 ). (biologists.com)
  • Importantly, repellent guidance cues cause growth cone collapse and depolymerize growth cone F-actin while promoting axon retraction ( Gallo and Letourneau, 2004 ). (biologists.com)
  • By identifying many sGAG-specific interacting proteins, our data provide a resource for upcoming studies aimed at molecular mechanisms and understanding of sGAG cellular effects. (degruyter.com)
  • With a $163,000 grant from the FRAXA Research Foundation, Dr. Scott Soderling and Dr. Hwan Kim bred the standard mouse model of Fragile X syndrome to their lines of mice that express reduced levels of several key proteins that modulate synaptic actin. (fraxa.org)
  • Our central hypothesis is that loss of FMRP leads to the deregulation of synaptic actin and that this is a significant molecular endpoint that is causal to the behavioral deficits in Fragile X Syndrome. (fraxa.org)
  • They found that fascin is actively transported in and out of the nucleus and, once there, it supports the assembly of actin bundles. (elifesciences.org)
  • Indeed, cells without fascin were unable to build nuclear actin bundles to the same extent. (elifesciences.org)
  • Importantly, cells that had forced nuclear fascin had significantly reduced growth rates and viability because they assembled large stable actin bundles in the nucleus which prevented them from going through the cell cycle. (elifesciences.org)
  • In this report, we show that vinculin was involved in the actin recruitment and F-actin assembly at the plasma membrane to facilitate invasion. (nebraska.edu)
  • The TarP-mediated plasma membrane recruitment of vinculin resulted in the localized recruitment of actin. (nebraska.edu)
  • The consequences of decreasing actin flux are manifested by decreased but not blocked endocytic internalization at the plasma membrane and defects in late steps of membrane trafficking to the vacuole. (rupress.org)
  • Now, researchers can analyze how specific proteins interact with different actin isoforms in a more controlled and precise manner. (upstate.edu)
  • Through pull-down and genetic interaction studies, we find that Kermit interacts with Go and another PCP component Vang, known to undergo intracellular relocalization during PCP establishment. (nih.gov)
  • Here we used an affinity-purification mass spectrometry-based (AP-MS) approach to identify novel and particularly intracellular sGAG-interacting proteins in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC). (degruyter.com)
  • The identification of the intracellular sGAG-interacting proteins could help to unravel these functions. (degruyter.com)
  • Although nuclear fascin plays an important role in nuclear actin assembly, DNA structure and repair, it is also important in the cell cytoplasm, where it helps cancer cells build tiny appendages called filopodia, which promote invasion. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our study provides insights into a new role for fascin in controlling nuclear actin bundling to support tumour cell viability," concludes senior author Maddy Parsons, Professor of Cell Biology at the Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London. (elifesciences.org)
  • A focus is the role of nuclear localization of WASp family members and actin in immune cells ( Kuznetov et al, Genome Med 2017 ). (ki.se)
  • As further support for the functionality of VBD-vinculin interaction, VBD-mediated actin recruitment required vinculin. (nebraska.edu)
  • and the actin recruitment function of the VBD/vinculin signaling axis was independent of the LD/FAK pathway. (nebraska.edu)
  • Using patient samples and experimental models, we are currently investigating how WASp and its interacting partners coordinate receptor signal to gene transcription and chromatin remodeling in the nucleus. (ki.se)
  • Yet, the precise structure-function relationships of properties of the actin network in plants are still to be unravelled, including details of how the network configuration depends upon cell type, tissue type and developmental stage. (biorxiv.org)
  • However, this approach neglects the diversity of actin present in different (non-muscle) cell types. (upstate.edu)
  • By investigating the precise mechanisms of actin in different cell types, researchers aim to identify potential therapeutic targets and develop interventions to combat these diseases. (upstate.edu)
  • Fascin also interacted with another group of important proteins in the cell nucleus, called histones. (elifesciences.org)
  • By analysis of the actin sensor MKL1/MRTFA, we found that its overactivity leads to changed expression of integrins and decreased cell-to-cell contact. (ki.se)
  • When fascin is not involved in bundling actin, it is bound to histone H3 - an important player involved in organising DNA within the nucleus. (elifesciences.org)
  • As a member of the nebulin family of proteins, nebulette is characterized by 35 amino acid stretches of ''nebulin repeats'', which are actin binding domains containing a conserved SDxxYK motif. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cleavage furrow is the site of actin, actin-interacting proteins, septins and microtubule assembly into a contractile ring, and is regulated by numerous signaling proteins, such as Rho. (upstate.edu)
  • Using this algorithm, we then studied a number of cases in Arabidopsis thaliana , including several different tissues, a variety of actin-affected mutants, and cells responding to powdery mildew. (biorxiv.org)
  • We were concerned that everybody is using rabbit muscle actin because we knew that yeast proteins didn't interact with muscle actin well. (upstate.edu)
  • Overall, 477 proteins were found interacting with at least one of four distinct sGAGs. (degruyter.com)
  • In many cases we found statistically-significant differences in actin network properties. (biorxiv.org)
  • In cells, F-actin assumes specific types of organization depending on its functions. (biologists.com)
  • Exactly how actin functions has important implications for a disease like cancer because if you move too fast or to the wrong place, that's not a good thing most of the time. (upstate.edu)
  • When scientists study actin, the default has been actin synthesized from muscle cells. (upstate.edu)
  • Defects in cofilin function alter the morphology of actin networks in vivo and reduce the rate of actin flux through actin networks. (rupress.org)