Interacts different phases cell cycle. Medical search. Frequent questions

Starting from the zygotic genome, stage- and cell-type-specific transcription factors initiate regulatory cascades that induce cell differentiation. (nature.com)
Altered epigenomes can lead to changes in programmed cell differentiation or, when accidental, to disease (bottom right). (nature.com)
This protein also forms a core subunit of the nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation (NURD) complex that epigenetically regulates embryonic stem cell differentiation. (cancerindex.org)
Our scientists have developed a wide array of stem cell-focused reagents and resources for many applications including flow cytometry , western blotting , ELISAs , and recombinant proteins for cell differentiation. (biolegend.com)
RUNX1 is also required for the differentiation of CD8+, Th17, and regulatory T cells. (biolegend.com)
These findings revealed that RUNX1 acts as a tumor suppressor for myeloid leukemia and is crucial for the development and terminal differentiation of several blood cell lineages 2,3 . (biolegend.com)
The processes of animal cell growth, differentiation and infection by viruses result from the differential expression of specific genes, controlled primarily at the level of transcription. (rockefeller.edu)
For example, the epithelial−mesenchymal transition phenotype presents more cells with a lower degree of differentiation and greater cell dissociation in the ITF than in other tumor areas 14 , 15 . (nature.com)
We have examined regulatory mechanisms controlling expression of the cell cycle-dependent histone genes, which are functionally coupled with DNA synthesis, in proliferating cells and during the onset of differentiation in several phenotypes including adipocytes. (elsevierpure.com)
For the developer, cell differentiation is the key to cancer therapy. (cancer.gov)
Antineoplastons are the surveillance system that directs cancer cells into normal channels of differentiation . (cancer.gov)
The notion of controlling tumor growth through a naturally occurring biochemical mechanism in the body that directs cancer cells into normal channels of differentiation is one of the theoretical foundations of antineoplaston therapy. (cancer.gov)
The proposed components in the body that correct the differentiation problems of abnormal cells and send them into normal pathways have been given the name "antineoplastons" by the developer. (cancer.gov)
During both these processes, mitosis, cell proliferation, differentiation and migration of cells have been observed in the endometrium (11). (jri.ir)
Studies suggest that p27 is also involved in controlling cell differentiation, which is the process by which cells mature to carry out specific functions. (medlineplus.gov)

In eukaryotic cells the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane system called the nuclear envelope (NE). (brookes.ac.uk)
The Nuclear Envelope is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells. (brookes.ac.uk)
Stephen Elledge has built a career studying how eukaryotic cells maintain genomic integrity. (the-scientist.com)
His first experimental results contained a serendipitous artifact that laid the foundation for a scientific career studying how eukaryotic cells deal with damage to their DNA. (the-scientist.com)
Elledge's idea that eukaryotic cells sense the progress of DNA replication and transform that information into a DNA-damage response was new. (the-scientist.com)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), are members of the serine-threonine protein kinase family and are responsible for taking control of cell cycle regulation in eukaryotic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
The genetic information in eukaryotic cells is stored in linear DNA molecules known as chromosomes [ 1 ]. (actanaturae.ru)
For this reason, the growth and cell division cycle of all eukaryotic cells, from baker's yeast to mammalian cells, are tightly regulated by several conserved signaling pathways that interact with each other. (noorderlink.nl)
In response to amino acid deprivation or UV irradiation, GCN2 phosphorylates the alpha subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2a) at Ser51 and induces a delay in entry to S phase of the cell cycle. (rndsystems.com)
As a biologically important example we have studied the complex formed by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which play an essential role in the control of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (lu.se)

It is a protein kinase which plays an important role in mitotic cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
Increased levels of polyamines in cells are considered to be involved in cancer progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
These cells, surrounding the hair follicles, secrete signaling molecules that control the progression of the hair cycle. (jcadonline.com)
Furthermore, we find that SET8 interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen through a conserved motif, and SET8 is required for DNA replication fork progression. (rupress.org)
We identify an important role for DDX5 in G 1 -S-phase progression where it directly regulates DNA replication factor expression by promoting the recruitment of RNA polymerase II to E2F-regulated gene promoters. (aacrjournals.org)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are serine/threonine protein kinases that act as key regulatory elements in cell cycle progression. (proteopedia.org)
While several studies addressed how cell motility parameters change throughout the cell cycle, the relationship between invadopodia and cell cycle progression has not been elucidated. (biorxiv.org)
Cell cycle progression is faster in cells in which invadopodia are abolished (by Tks5 knockdown), evidenced by earlier induction of cyclins A and B. A close look at the regulators of G1 revealed that the overexpression of p27 kip1 , but not p21 cip1 , causes faster turnover of invadopodia and increased ECM degradation. (biorxiv.org)
Taken together, these findings suggest that invadopodia function is tightly linked to cell cycle progression and is controlled by specific cell cycle regulators. (biorxiv.org)
Cell cycle progression is governed by a complex network of cyclin-dependent kinases that define not only the phase of the cell cycle, but also the timing of transitions between phases 13 . (biorxiv.org)
Using budding yeast as a model organism, our goal in this project is to systematically identify and characterize components of the main growth-regulatory pathways (TORC1, TORC2, PKA and AMPK) that have the strongest effects on cell cycle progression. (noorderlink.nl)
PD-1 blocks cell cycle progression in the G 1 phase. (shu.edu)
Thus, PD-1 targets Ras and PI3K/Akt signaling to inhibit transcription of Skp2 and to activate Smad3 as an integral component of a pathway that regulates blockade of cell cycle progression in T lymphocytes. (shu.edu)
Accumulation of p27 in the nucleus, therefore, blocks cell cycle progression of T-lymphocytes that are being induced to act against cancer antigens. (shu.edu)
Orderly progression through the cell cycle involves passage through sequential checkpoints. (shu.edu)
Moreover, TSPAN12 accelerated mitotic progression by controlling cell cycle. (molcells.org)
By blocking cell cycle progression, p27 prevents cells from dividing too quickly or at the wrong time. (medlineplus.gov)
For example, when p27 is held (sequestered) in the fluid that surrounds the nucleus (the cytoplasm) instead of being transported into the nucleus, the protein is unavailable to block cell cycle progression. (medlineplus.gov)

Inhibition of Geminin during the "S phase" (by RNAi) results in an additional round of replication of portions of the genome. (prospecbio.com)
Moreover, inhibition of Geminin during mitosis (by RNAi) causes destabilization of Cdt1 protein and impairment of DNA replication during the next cell cycle. (prospecbio.com)
New anticancer therapy strategies refer to the inhibition of CDK-cyclin complexes as an important target to prevent uncontrolled proliferation and induce apoptosis in cancer cells ( 2 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
We show that small interfering RNA inhibition of SET8 expression leads to decreased cell proliferation and accumulation of cells in S phase. (rupress.org)
Given the high frequency of DDX5 amplification in breast cancer, our results highlight DDX5 as a promising candidate for targeted therapy of breast tumors with DDX5 amplification, and indeed we show that DDX5 inhibition sensitizes a subset of breast cancer cells to trastuzumab. (aacrjournals.org)
Therefore, we used OEO and its main component, thymol, to explore their effects on cell growth inhibition and anticancer activity. (irost.org)
Transient inhibition of RNA polymerase II in S phase reduces observed replication stress and cell cycle defects. (bvsalud.org)
Loss of FOXD3-interacting histone deacetylases induces replication stress, while transient inhibition of histone acetylation opposes it. (bvsalud.org)
These results show how a transcriptional repressor can play a central role in maintaining genome integrity through the transient inhibition of transcription during S phase, enabling faithful DNA replication. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we have determined the mechanism of inhibition of cell proliferation in TRAIP-depleted cells. (bvsalud.org)
PD-1 inhibition (Figure 1) has quickly become a front-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma . (shu.edu)
Pharmacological USP7 inhibition by P5091 retarded cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
USP7 inhibition induces cell apoptosis and cell cycle G2/M arrest, and overcomes taxane resistance by inducing the protein degradation of PLK1, resulting in chromosome misalignment in mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
USP7 specifically dequbiquitinates and stabilizes both p53 and MDM2 to various degrees, and USP7 inhibition is expected to inactivate MDM2 and activate p53, thereby leading to cell cycle arrest or apoptosis in cancer cells with functional p53 signaling [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

This protein was found to also interact with DNA polymerase alpha/primase and mediate the phosphorylation of the large p180 subunit, which suggests a regulatory role in DNA replication during the S-phase of the cell cycle. (cancerindex.org)
Coronavirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase interacts with the p50 regulatory subunit of host DNA polymerase delta and plays a synergistic role with RNA helicase in the induction of DNA damage response and cell cycle arrest in S phase. (cdc.gov)

RUNX1 regulates CD4 gene transcription during multiple stages of T cell development and represses the CD4 gene in CD4-CD8- (double negative) T cells. (biolegend.com)
regulates homologous recombination-dependent repair by phosphorylating BRCA2, this phosphorylation is low in S phase when recombination is active, but increases as cells progress towards mitosis. (proteopedia.org)
Vertebrate Nek2 is a cell cycle-regulated STK, localized in centrosomes and kinetochores, that regulates centrosome splitting at the G2/M phase. (umbc.edu)
In this study, we investigated how TSPAN12 regulates OC cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo and found that it contributed to tumor proliferation and poor prognosis in this disease through cyclin and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) pathways. (molcells.org)

The S. cerevisiae ORC binds to specific DNA sequences throughout the cell cycle but becomes active only when it binds to the replication initiator Cdc6. (imperial.ac.uk)
Geminin is a 25 kDa nuclear protein, which inhibits DNA replication and is degraded during the mitotic phase of the cell cycle. (prospecbio.com)
Geminin has 2 roles in 2 different stages of the cell cycle: Geminin is a negative regulator of DNA replication during the "S phase" of the cell cycle. (prospecbio.com)
During the "M phase" of the cell cycle (mitosis) Geminin stabilizes the replication factor Cdt1 promoting DNA replication during the next cell cycle. (prospecbio.com)
Those results led him to study how cells monitor roadblocks to replication and DNA damage, such as nicks and double-stranded breaks, and how the cell handles that information. (the-scientist.com)
In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
SET8 depletion causes DNA damage specifically during replication, which induces a Chk1-mediated S-phase checkpoint. (rupress.org)
We applied an assay that measures the stability of maintenance of an episomal plasmid in human tissue culture cells to screen for new DNA replication factors. (aacrjournals.org)
DDX5 is required for cell proliferation by controlling the transcription of genes expressing DNA replication proteins in cancer cells in which the DDX5 locus is amplified, and this has uncovered a dependence on DDX5 for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
Defects in the control of cell proliferation are a hallmark of cancer, and DNA replication is a key process for cell proliferation. (aacrjournals.org)
Understanding how DNA replication is regulated in human cells can provide insight into cancer development and may reveal vulnerabilities that can be exploited therapeutically. (aacrjournals.org)
Later, in the S phase of the cell cycle, other proteins assemble onto the complex, converting the Mcm2-7 hexamers into helicases that unwind the DNA for replication ( Figure 1D ). (elifesciences.org)
B ) During the G1 phase of the cell cycle intrinsically disordered regions (IDR) in the origin of replication complex (ORC), Cdc6 and Cdt1 bind a DNA molecule to form a biomolecular condensate. (elifesciences.org)
Mcm2-7 hexamers loaded on the DNA can then interact with other proteins (orange and yellow) to form helicases that unwind the DNA during replication. (elifesciences.org)
The initiator biomolecular condensate is required for DNA replication to start, an important step in the cell cycle. (elifesciences.org)
activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)
Rapidly dividing mouse pluripotent stem cells are highly transcriptionally active and experience elevated replication stress, yet paradoxically maintain genome integrity. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we study FOXD3, a transcriptional repressor enriched in pluripotent stem cells, and show that its repression of transcription upon S phase entry is critical to minimizing replication stress and preserving genome integrity. (bvsalud.org)
Acutely deleting Foxd3 leads to immediate replication stress, G2/M phase arrest, genome instability and p53-dependent apoptosis. (bvsalud.org)
Initially, MiDAS was characterized as a process associated with intrinsically unstable loci known as common fragile sites that occurs after cells experience DNA replication stress (RS). (bvsalud.org)
In this review, we introduce the causes of RS, regions of the human genome known to be especially vulnerable to RS, and the strategies used to complete DNA replication outside of S phase. (bvsalud.org)
Our findings reveal that TRAIP works in S-phase to prevent DNA damage at transcription start sites, caused by replication-transcription conflicts. (bvsalud.org)
Shortening of the 5'-terminus of the daughter strand, caused by the removal of the terminal RNA-primer and the subsequent incomplete replication of linear DNA molecules, is observed during the genome replication occurring upon cell fission. (actanaturae.ru)
However, we still do not fully understand how the pathways that control cell growth are coupled to the cell cycle machinery that controls DNA replication and division. (noorderlink.nl)
In addition, degradation of Cdt1 in the G1 phase may help to prevent re-replication. (rawveronica.com)
Some populace of cells irradiated with UV in the G1 phase enter the S phase,58 and such cells are expected to undergo replication stalling due to the ongoing repair synthesis or DNA damage. (rawveronica.com)

He mentioned this to David Stillman , who was at Stanford to interview for a faculty position, and who studied cell cycle regulation of proteins as a postdoc in Kim Nasmyth 's lab at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology in the U.K. Stillman pointed out that ribonucleotide reductase was cell cycle regulated-rather than remaining stable, the RNA and protein levels fluctuate throughout the cell cycle. (the-scientist.com)
Natural polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, play essential roles in the regulation of cell growth and proliferation. (spandidos-publications.com)
This gene thus plays a role in both cell-cycle and epigenetic regulation. (cancerindex.org)
The capability of these cells to differentiate depends on the stem cell type, the regulation of gene expression by various transcription factors and interaction with the stem cell niche 1,4 . (biolegend.com)
Tan IIA inhibited proliferation of mouse keratinocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner and induced apoptosis, resulting in S phase arrest accompanied by down-regulation of pCdk2 and cyclin A protein expression. (hindawi.com)
We validate our approach in two ways: by demonstrating that it accurately models expression data and by demonstrating that our reconstructed model is similar to previously-published models of transcriptional regulation of the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
Our regression-based approach allows us to build a general model of transcriptional regulation of the yeast cell cycle that includes additional factors and couplings not reported in previously-published models. (biomedcentral.com)
The MSB group, part of the Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute (GBB), aims at generating a systems-level understanding of cellular metabolism (Prof. Matthias Heinemann), growth regulation by signaling pathways (Prof. Andreas Milias-Argeitis) and the regulation of cell division mechanisms (Dr Julia Kamenz). (noorderlink.nl)
Mutational analysis indicates that the distal part of Site II is critical for cell cycle regulation. (elsevierpure.com)
Cyclin A2, Cyclin D1, Cyclin E2, CDK2, and CDK4) were significantly involved in the regulation of cell cycle downstream of TSPAN12. (molcells.org)
The encoded protein is upregulated in the transition from the G0 to G1/S phase of the cell cycle and may actively participate in cell cycle regulation. (creative-biolabs.com)
The functional regulation of cells is a complex and dynamic process. (nature.com)
showed, for the first time, that RHAMM is differentially expressed during all stages of preimplantation human embryos and human embryonic stem cells (hESC), and indicated that RHAMM knockdown results in down-regulation of several pluripotency markers in hESCs, induction of early extraembryonic lineage, loss of cell viability, and changes in hESC cycle (2). (jri.ir)
Regulation can occur through modification of the p27 protein's structure, its interaction with other proteins, or its localization within the cell. (medlineplus.gov)

The Nek2 subfamily includes Aspergillus nidulans NIMA kinase, the founding member of the Nek family, which was identified in a screen for cell cycle mutants prevented from entering mitosis. (umbc.edu)
Ki-67 is present during all active phases of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2, and mitosis), but is absent from resting cells (G0). (thermofisher.com)
Further studies showed that P5091 induced cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase, and particularly induced chromosome misalignment, indicating the key roles of USP7 in mitosis. (biomedcentral.com)
By overexpressing PLK1, USP7 that had been depleted by RNAi ceased to induce chromosome misalignment in mitosis and again supported cell proliferation and cell survival. (biomedcentral.com)

CDKs show their action by interacting with cyclins and different CDK-cyclin complexes regulate the cell cycle in the G1, S and G2/M phases ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
In contrast, here we focus on reverse-engineering the network of relationships among transcription factors that regulate the cell cycle in S. cerevisiae . (biomedcentral.com)
We have developed a technique to reverse-engineer networks of the time-dependent activities of transcription factors that regulate the cell cycle in S. cerevisiae . (biomedcentral.com)
It helps regulate the cell cycle, which is the cell's way of replicating itself in an organized, step-by-step fashion. (medlineplus.gov)
All of these mutations reduce the amount of functional p27 that is available in the nucleus to regulate the cell cycle. (medlineplus.gov)

For periods up to 1 month store at 4°C, for longer periods of time, store at -20°C. Prevent freeze thaw cycles. (prospecbio.com)
Avoid freeze-thaw cycles. (novusbio.com)
Use a manual defrost freezer and avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. (rndsystems.com)

Rb homeostasis is also essential for self-renewal and survival of human embryonic stem cells 10 . (biolegend.com)
Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)

For a century, the nucleus has been the focus of extensive investigations in cell biology. (brookes.ac.uk)
While most molecular biologists thought signaling pathways worked by sensing signals extrinsic to the cell and relaying the information to the nucleus, Elledge was proposing an internal signaling pathway that senses cell-intrinsic events. (the-scientist.com)
Within cells, p27 is located primarily in the nucleus, where it plays a critical role in controlling cell growth and division. (medlineplus.gov)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 2-associated protein 1 (CDK2AP1) interacts with CDK2AP2, modulates the actions of transforming growth factor-B1, cyclin-dependent kinase 2 and retinoblastoma protein, and closely interacts with micro-RNA21 and micro-RNA25. (cancerindex.org)
Rb , or retinoblastoma protein, is a key regulator of the cell cycle, particularly during the transition from the G1 to S phases. (biolegend.com)

The available data suggest that USP7 inhibitors induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells through the p53 pathway, and sensitize cancer cells to PARP inhibitor-induced cell death [ 18 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

VALD-3 also regulated the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in breast cancer cells, inhibiting the activation of downstream molecules. (researchsquare.com)
We can identify what signaling pathway the proteins are involved in and during which phase of the cell cycle the interaction occurs," said Alice Ting, the Pfizer-Laubach Career Development Assistant Professor of Chemistry and senior author of a paper describing the probe published online June 27 by the Journal of the American Chemical Society . (medicalxpress.com)

Moreover, we determined that during purvalanol-mediated ER stress, autophagic machinery was also activated prior to apoptotic cell death finalization. (spandidos-publications.com)
Τheir impact on the apoptotic cell death mechanism requires further elucidation. (spandidos-publications.com)
Although purvalanol-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death were demonstrated in prostate ( 5 ), breast ( 6 ) and colon cancer cells ( 7 ), the exact molecular mechanism of purvanol-induced apoptosis has not been elucidated yet. (spandidos-publications.com)
C. sativa compounds interact synergistically for cytotoxic activity against colon cancer cells and induce cell cycle arrest, apoptotic cell death, and distinct gene expression. (nih.gov)

Of these approaches, several have focused on the reconstruction of the cell cycle regulatory network of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . (biomedcentral.com)
The factors interacting with Site II include cdc2, cyclin A, an RB-related protein and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs). (elsevierpure.com)
Some mutations impair the protein's ability to interact with regulatory proteins, while others lead to the production of an unstable version of p27 that is quickly broken down. (medlineplus.gov)

Fifteen micromoles of purvalanol induced a reduction in cell viability by 20 and 35% within 24 and 48 h, respectively. (spandidos-publications.com)
TRAIP is essential for cell viability, and mutations in TRAIP ubiquitin ligase activity lead to primordial dwarfism in patients. (bvsalud.org)
Project description: Cell growth and division are fundamental cellular processes whose proper coordination is essential for cell viability and organismal health. (noorderlink.nl)
Cell viability or clonogenicity was tested by violet crystal assay. (biomedcentral.com)

Tumors of the pineal region have a varied histology that generally can be divided into germ cell and non-germ cell derivatives. (medscape.com)

MIT researchers have designed a new type of probe that can image thousands of interactions between proteins inside a living cell, giving them a tool to untangle the web of signaling pathways that control most of a cell's activities. (medicalxpress.com)
Dysregulated DNA repair pathways support growth advantages to tumor cells. (techscience.cn)
Our findings demonstrate that UV irradiation induces multiple repair pathways that activate CRL4Cdt2 to degrade its target proteins in the G1 phase of the cell cycle, leading to efficient repair of DNA damage. (rawveronica.com)

The signalling of a mitogen acts through the Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway to inhibit the Rb protein and allow Myc and E2fs to continue into S phase and inhibits the Arf/Mdm2/p53 pathway leading to growth arrest or apoptosis. (wikipathways.org)
Arf inhibits Mdm2 allowing p53 to lead the cell to growth arrest or apoptosis. (wikipathways.org)

The T cell receptor is a heterodimer with two chains, one variable (V) and the other constant (C). The structure of an α/β TCR is shown in the Figure below. (pharmacygyan.com)

Combination of Pin1 inhibitor with ralaniten promoted cell cycle arrest and had improved antitumor activity against CRPC xenografts in vivo compared to individual monotherapies. (bcgsc.ca)

The F7 and F7+F3 cytotoxic activity involved cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in S or G0/G1 phases, respectively. (nih.gov)

We find that the DDX5 locus is frequently amplified in breast cancer and that breast cancer-derived cells with amplification of DDX5 are much more sensitive to its depletion than breast cancer cells and a breast epithelial cell line that lacks DDX5 amplification. (aacrjournals.org)
The Ahr is well known to be involved in a variety of cellular processes, such as the cell cycle, epithelial barrier function, cell migration, and immune function. (biolegend.com)
Western blot shows lysates of 293T human embryonic kidney cell line and HeLa human cervical epithelial carcinoma cell line. (rndsystems.com)

However, a function for SET8 in mammalian cell proliferation has not been determined. (rupress.org)
Mammalian cells contain 15 different DNA polymerases. (techscience.cn)

Interacts with coactivators including SRC-1, RIP140 and NOCA7, and with the corepressor SMRT. (biolegend.com)

May contribute to tumorigenesis by suppressing p53/TP53-induced cancer cell senescence. (wikipedia.org)
We conclude that upon rapid TRAIP degradation, specifically in S-phase, cells cease to proliferate, arrest in G2 stage of the cell cycle and undergo senescence. (bvsalud.org)
Telomere shortening leads to the attainment of the Hayflick limit, the transition of cells to a state of senescence. (actanaturae.ru)

Biologists have long sought to understand how a fertilized egg can form an organism composed of hundreds of specialized cell types, each expressing a defined set of genes. (nature.com)
The pluripotency of the initial cell and the establishment of cell types depend to a large extent on the coordinated deployment of hundreds of transcription factors that bind to specific DNA sequences to activate or repress the transcription of cell lineage genes 1 . (nature.com)
Epigenetic components (for example, Polycomb PRC1/2 and Trithorax group proteins) maintain the 'off' states of certain genes and the 'on' states of others, in a cell-type- and time-specific manner (the bottom panels show three genes, depicted schematically as chromatinized templates, in which transcription is triggered by specific transcription factors and silent or active states are maintained by PRC1/2 or Trithorax proteins, respectively). (nature.com)
Combination therapies using ralaniten with ionizing radiation were evaluated for effects on proliferation, colony formation, cell cycle, DNA damage, and Western blot analyses in human prostate cancer cells that express both full-length AR and AR-Vs. Ralaniten and a potent next-generation analog (EPI-7170) decreased expression of DNA repair genes whereas enzalutamide had no effect. (bcgsc.ca)
The underphosphorylated, active form of Rb interacts directly with E2F1 , leading to cell cycle arrest, while the hyperphosphorylated form decouples from E2F1, thus promoting the transcription of genes promoting entry into the S phase. (biolegend.com)
To this end, our specific objectives are to determine the nature and mechanism of action of both the general transcription initiation factors that are commonly used by all genes and the gene- and cell type-specific factors that directly regulate target genes in response to various growth, developmental and viral stimuli. (rockefeller.edu)
FOXD3 binds near highly transcribed genes during S phase entry, and its loss increases the expression of these genes. (bvsalud.org)
Subsequently, T cells receiving PD-1 signals displayed impaired Cdk2 activation and failed to phosphorylate two critical Cdk2 substrates, the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and the TGFβ-specific transcription factor Smad3 , leading to suppression of E2F target genes but enhanced Smad3 transactivation (Figure 3). (shu.edu)
The phosphorylation of pRB, and relief of transcriptional repression by pRB induces genes involved in the induction of S-phase entry. (shu.edu)
In proliferating cells transcription of the histone genes is up-regulated at the onset of S phase. (elsevierpure.com)
Activates the expression of multiple phase I and II xenobiotic chemical metabolizing enzyme genes (such as the CYP1A1 gene). (biolegend.com)
To create a repertoire of antigen-specific TCRs, alternative forms of genes present in somatic cells are rearranged in a process, called somatic cell recombination, by using RAG-1 and RAG-2 recombinase activating enzymes showing in above figure. (pharmacygyan.com)

reported that anti-RHAMM antibodies block the migration of endothelial cells, which is an important key to the process of tissue injury and angiogenesis (3). (jri.ir)
The hemostatic system consists of platelets, coagulation factors, and the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. (medscape.com)
Under physiological circumstances, the resistance of the endothelial cell lining to interactions with platelets and coagulation factors prevents thrombosis. (medscape.com)

HCT 116 colon cancer cells were exposed to purvalanol, which activated ER stress via upregulation of PERK, IRE1α gene expression, eIF-2α phosphorylation and ATF-6 cleavage at early time-points in the HCT 116 colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Annexin V Assay and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) were used to determine apoptosis and cell cycle, and RNA sequencing was used to determine gene expression. (nih.gov)
Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase. (proteopedia.org)
In vitro studies and gene expression profiles showed that the transcriptional changes by the activated Ahr are ligand specific and are highly cell specific. (biolegend.com)

Somatic cells are usually characterized by the absence of telomerase activity. (actanaturae.ru)

By xenografting human breast cancer cells into nude mice, we found that VALD-3 significantly suppressed tumor cell growth while showing low toxicity against major organs. (researchsquare.com)
Tumor cell invasion and metastasis require cancer cells to be both proliferative and invasive, i.e. migrate through the tissue and assemble invadopodia. (biorxiv.org)
Anti-PD-1 antibodies (dark green) or anti-PD-L1 antibodies (light green) can prevent the tumor cell from binding PD-1 and thus allow T cells to remain active. (shu.edu)
Increased GCN2 activity in solid tumors enhances the production of amino acids and contributes to tumor cell survival in conditions of nutrient deprivation. (rndsystems.com)

The maintenance phase often involves a plethora of non-DNA sequence specific chromatin cofactors that set up and maintain chromatin states through cell division and for extended periods of time-sometimes in the absence of the initial transcription factors 3 . (nature.com)
Transcription factors have an important role in the ability of a cell to self-renew and also differentiate into most cell types, also known as pluripotency 1 . (biolegend.com)
Cells were then surface-stained with CD45R (B220) Monoclonal Antibody, FITC (Product # 11-0452-82) and stained intracellularly, using the Foxp3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set (Product # 00-5523-00) and protocol, with 1.0 µg of Ki-67 Monoclonal Antibody, Brilliant Ultra Violet 615. (thermofisher.com)

Knockdown of TSPAN12 expression in A2780 and SKOV3 cells decreased both proliferation and colony formation. (molcells.org)
Either USP7 or PLK1 knockdown by RNAi significantly sensitized taxane-resistant cells to taxane cell killing. (biomedcentral.com)
AKAP12 knockdown in benign meningioma cells SF4433 increases proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion, and confers an anaplastic profile. (nature.com)

Purvalanol, a novel cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is referred to as a strong apoptotic inducer which causes cell cycle arrest in various cancer cells such as prostate, breast and colon cancer cell lines. (spandidos-publications.com)
In the present study, our aim was to determine the time-dependent, ER-mediated apoptotic and autophagy induction of purvalanol in HCT 116 colon cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Olomoucine, roscovitine and purvalanol are examples of CDK inhibitors (CDKIs) designed and investigated for their apoptotic potential on cancer cells ( 3 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Ralaniten Sensitizes Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer to Ionizing Radiation in Prostate Cancer Cells that Express Androgen Receptor Splice Variants. (bcgsc.ca)
Ralaniten and EPI-7170 sensitized prostate cancer cells that express full-length AR and AR-Vs to radiotherapy whereas enzalutamide had no added benefit. (bcgsc.ca)
Our results show a novel role for DDX5 in cancer cell proliferation and suggest DDX5 as a therapeutic target in breast cancer treatment. (aacrjournals.org)
Purified cannabinoids have been reported to prevent proliferation, metastasis, and induce apoptosis in a variety of cancer cell types. (nih.gov)
This study was aimed to specify the cytotoxic effect of C. sativa -derived extracts on colon cancer cells and adenomatous polyps by identification of active compound(s) and characterization of their interaction. (nih.gov)
Ethanol extracts of C. sativa were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry and their cytotoxic activity was determined using alamarBlue-based assay (Resazurin) and tetrazolium dye-based assay (XTT) on cancer and normal colon cell lines and on dysplastic adenomatous polyp cells. (nih.gov)
The unheated cannabis extracts (C2F), fraction 7 (F7), and fraction 3 (F3) had cytotoxic activity on colon cancer cells, but reduced activity on normal colon cell lines. (nih.gov)
Despite having a limited effect on L929 normal cells, OEO/thymol induced cytotoxicity in MDA-MB231 breast cancer monolayers (2D) and to a lesser extent in MDA-MB231 spheroids (3D). (irost.org)
Compound 51 inhibited the proliferation of 13 out of 15 cancer cell lines with IC50 values between 0.27 and 6.9 muM, which correlated with the complete suppression of retinoblastoma phosphorylation and the onset of apoptosis. (proteopedia.org)
In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and apoptotic effects of VALD-3, a Schiff base ligand synthesized from o-vanillin derivatives, on human breast cancer cells and the possible underlying mechanisms. (researchsquare.com)
3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT)-test was used to observe the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells induced on VALD-3. (researchsquare.com)
Flow cytometry analysis showed that VALD-3 triggered cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis of breast cancer cells. (researchsquare.com)
This study is the first to show that VALD-3 induces apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in human breast cancer cells by suppressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling, indicating that it could be a potential drug for the treatment of breast cancer. (researchsquare.com)
Therefore, based on clinical experience as well as cytotoxic activity against multiple human cancer cells, we hypothesized that induction of apoptosis is the underlying mechanism for the treatment of psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
Invadopodia are cancer cell protrusions rich in structural proteins (e.g. (biorxiv.org)
Metastasis is a complex, multi-step process that is initiated when cancer cells in the primary tumor acquire invasive properties, including motility and the ability to breakdown the extracellular matrix (ECM) 1 , and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related mortalities 2 . (biorxiv.org)
Deregulated cell cycle is a hallmark of cancer 12 . (biorxiv.org)
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common type of head and neck malignant tumor and is ranked the eighth leading cause of cancer worldwide. (nature.com)
Additionally, because MiDAS is a prominent feature of aneuploid cancer cells, we will discuss how targeting MiDAS might potentially lead to improvements in cancer therapy. (bvsalud.org)
In studies of tumor cells, the "Ki-67 labeling index" refers to the number of Ki-67 positive cells within the population and this is used to predict outcome of particular cancer types. (thermofisher.com)
The surviving cells become cancer cells, which are capable both of dividing indefinitely and maintaining telomere length (usually with the aid of telomerase). (actanaturae.ru)
Most cancer cells have PD-L1 on their surface and escape being killed by turning off the T cell in this way. (shu.edu)
PD-1 expression by cancer cells blocks the proliferation of T-cells. (shu.edu)
Cancer cells obtain a growth advantage through uncontrolled cell proliferation ( Hanahan and Weinberg, 2011 ), which may be caused by mutations that help them adapt to the microenvironment through selective pressure. (molcells.org)
Both USP7 and PLK1 were overexpressed in taxane-resistant cancer cells, and negatively correlated with the MP scores in tumor tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
At the molecular level, abnormal cells that are potential cancer cells need to be "switched" to normal mode. (cancer.gov)
POLQ is overexpressed in a range of cancer cells, including homologous recombination (HR) deficient cancer cells. (techscience.cn)
In HR deficient cells, MMEJ is crucial as a backup DNA repair pathway, indicating the indispensable role of POLQ-mediated MMEJ in HR deficient cancer cells. (techscience.cn)
The course covers basic knowledge about immunology, how different barriers interact with an aim to protect the host from infection or the development of cancer. (lu.se)

found that Cdc6, Cdt1 and ORC could all be phosphorylated on their intrinsically disordered regions by cell cycle kinases, which stopped the formation of the condensate. (elifesciences.org)
It also interacts with other mitotic kinases such as Polo-like kinase 1 and may play a role in spindle checkpoint. (umbc.edu)

The risk is increased 1000-fold for squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and fibrosarcoma and is increased 10-fold to 20-fold for other tumors. (medscape.com)
Different regions of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have particular histopathological and molecular characteristics limiting the standard tumor−node−metastasis prognosis classification. (nature.com)

In-vitro evaluation of apoptotic effect of OEO and thymol in 2D and 3D cell cultures and the study of their interaction mode with DNA. (irost.org)
Genetic alterations can drive the activity state of pathogenesis, but the interaction between the transcriptome and the proteome can interact in a feedback or feed forward fashion. (nature.com)
This initial interaction (platelet adhesion) sets the stage for other adhesive reactions that allow the platelets to interact with other agonists in the vicinity of vessel injury, such as adenosine 5'-diphosphate (ADP), subendothelial collagen, and thrombin. (medscape.com)

Viable cells in the lymphocyte gate were used for analysis, as determined by LIVE/DEAD™ Fixable. (thermofisher.com)
T cell activation, for example, needs three steps: (1) The lymphocyte T cell receptor (TCR) interacts with the antigen-loaded class II molecule in the first phase. (pharmacygyan.com)

While the contribution of these mechanisms to cell and tissue identity is widely accepted, their role in physiological and pathological contexts within tissues is just beginning to be appreciated. (imperial.ac.uk)
This establishment phase corresponds most closely to what is generally cited as the first definition of epigenetics by Conrad Waddington, namely the study of the mechanisms by which the genotype produces the phenotype in the context of development 2 . (nature.com)
Fig. 1: Epigenetic mechanisms that maintain cell identities during development and throughout life. (nature.com)
The aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the cellular mechanisms whereby Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) leads to cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vitro in keratinocytes, the target cells in psoriasis. (hindawi.com)
However, the mechanisms controlling their availability during the cell cycle are less well defined. (bvsalud.org)
In healthy cells, robust and diverse DNA repair mechanisms faithfully protect from DNA damages to maintain overall survival. (techscience.cn)
The availability of diverse DNA repair systems reflects the complex nature of DNA repair mechanisms in healthy cells. (techscience.cn)

Intradermal adipocyte progenitor cells are activated toward the end of the telogen phase to proliferate and differentiate into mature adipocytes. (jcadonline.com)
and (5) some of the daughter cells will act as progenitor cells. (pharmacygyan.com)

The telomere length specifies the number of divisions a cell can undergo before it finally dies (i.e. the proliferative potential of cells). (actanaturae.ru)

We previously demonstrated that invasive cells oscillate between two distinct states, termed the Invadopodia state and the Migration state 10 . (biorxiv.org)
The Invadopodia state is characterized by cell stasis and the presence of invadopodia, whereas the Migration state is defined by cell translocation and the absence of invadopodia. (biorxiv.org)

RUNX1-deficient mice fail to generate hematopoietic stem cells. (biolegend.com)

Immunohistochemistry-Paraffin: MORF4L2 Antibody [NBP2-47370] -Staining of human placenta shows strong nuclear positivity positivity in trophoblastic cells. (novusbio.com)

Adipose cells organized in small clusters under the reticular dermis closely interact with hair follicular cells and regulate the hair cycle. (jcadonline.com)

Cell apoptosis or cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry, and chromosome misalignment was observed by a fluorescent microscopy. (biomedcentral.com)

We predict that this noncanonical MMR responds to such UV-induced lesions in the G1 phase, leading to the formation of a single-strand space to weight PCNA in G0/G1-phase cells, or that PCNA was first recruited to the lesion sites through direct conversation with Msh2-Msh6, because Msh6 has a PIP-box, and thus CRL4Cdt2 is usually activated for Cdt1 degradation. (rawveronica.com)
Removing Cdt1 in the G1 phase may help to circumvent such a predicament thus. (rawveronica.com)

In this study, we focus on the expression of RHAMM in the rat uterus during estrous cycle and implantation period. (jri.ir)
Methods: The female adult rats were divided into six groups following estrous cycle determination (n=36). (jri.ir)
The utreri of rats were collected according to estrous cycle phases (menstruation group). (jri.ir)
Ozbilgin K, Boz B, Tuğyan K, Inan S, Vatansever S. RHAMM Expression in the Rat Endometrium during the Estrous Cycle and following Implantation. (jri.ir)
The uterus undergoes extensive remodeling during estrous cycle and embryo implantation (10). (jri.ir)
In estrous cycle and on day 4 of pregnancy, the rat endometrial stroma has two morphologically distinct compartments, denominated supepithelium and deep stroma. (jri.ir)
The first two compartments (supepithelium and deep stroma) are similar to those of the estrous cycle. (jri.ir)
It is known that RHAMM plays an important role in several cellular events, but the role of RHAMM during estrous cycle and embryo implantation has not been investigated much. (jri.ir)

The new technique allows researchers to tag proteins with probes that link together like puzzle pieces if the proteins interact inside a cell. (medicalxpress.com)
If the probe-linked proteins interact, the enzyme and substrate also interact, which can be easily detected. (medicalxpress.com)
Half of each GFP molecule is attached to the proteins of interest, and when the proteins interact, the GFP halves fuse and glow. (medicalxpress.com)
experiments using naked DNA demonstrated that MMR proteins interact with thymine-dimer-containing DNA.56,57 Though the conversation was very weak, such lesions could be recognized by MMR proteins when present in the form of nucleosomes. (rawveronica.com)

26,27 Dermal adipocytes are organized in small clusters under the reticular dermis and interact with the hair follicular cells regulating the hair cycle. (jcadonline.com)

We have taken advantage of the auxin induced degron system to rapidly degrade TRAIP within cells and to dissect the importance of various functions of TRAIP in different stages of the cell cycle. (bvsalud.org)

It has been found that some of the SVF cell types possess regenerative and anti-inflammatory potentials in damaged tissues due to their ability to secrete growth factors and anti-inflammatory molecules. (jcadonline.com)
Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway interacting with Arf/Mdm2/p53 cell cycle pathway to regulate cell growth and proliferation. (wikipathways.org)
The presence of neoplastic islands, classified as large or small according to the number of cells in the ITF, has been described as the most aggressive pattern compared to tumors with a more uniform growth pattern, as tumor invasion occurs in a more widespread manner as cellular islands or single cells 4 . (nature.com)
Ki-67 is used as a marker for determining the growth fraction of a given population of cells. (thermofisher.com)
Concerning reproductive tissues, several reports have described RHAMM-mediated promotion of cell growth and movement, sperm motility (8), angiogenesis (3) and embryonic development (9). (jri.ir)

In recent years, cell cycle regulators have been shown to exhibit roles in both tumor suppression and tumor promotion, particularly cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKI) p27 kip1 and p21 cip1 14 . (biorxiv.org)
p27 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclin E-CDK2, which phosphorylates pRb, thereby ushering the cell from G1 into S phase through the Restriction point (Figure 2). (shu.edu)
It also blocks Cyclin A-CDK2 from further phosphorylating pRb to maintain S phase. (shu.edu)
P15 INK4 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclind-CDK4,6, inhibiting it from hypophosphorylating Rb, thereby, rendering the cell cycle unresponsive to external proliferation signals. (shu.edu)

I am a senior lecturer in Cell Bilogy and a member of the plant biology group. (brookes.ac.uk)
Previous to this I completed my BSc in Cell and Human Biology here at Oxford Brookes University. (brookes.ac.uk)
I'm using cell and molecular biology techniques, biochemistry as well as microscopy to characterise the plant SUN proteins. (brookes.ac.uk)
Research into biomolecular condensates - self-contained regions within cells where specific reactions take place - is taking cell biology by storm. (elifesciences.org)
This viewpoint highlights the potential role of POLQ as a new target in the treatment of HR-deficient tumors and aims to develop enthusiasm to introduce fundamental aspects of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry to basic research related to Molecular Life Sciences, Cell Biology and Genetics in Sri Lanka as Molecular Biology and Biochemistry fundamentals can still do wonders in modern research. (techscience.cn)

In particular, we still lack an overview of i) which pathway components are implicated in this coupling and ii) which cell cycle phases and processes they affect. (noorderlink.nl)

Misregulation of the cell cycle may result in malignant cell proliferation, tumorigenesis or cell death. (intechopen.com)
Most tumors are a result of displaced embryonic tissue, malignant transformation of pineal parenchymal cells, or transformation of surrounding astroglia. (medscape.com)

Anatomy25

Organisms12

Diseases10

Chemicals and Drugs104

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes78

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science6

Health Care6

Differentiation15

Eukaryotic11

Progression18

Inhibition14

Polymerase2

Regulates4

Replication27

Regulation14

Mitosis4

Regulate the cell cycle5

Freeze thaw cycles3

Human embryonic stem2

Nucleus3

Retinoblastoma protein2

Apoptosis in cancer cells1

Signaling pathway2

Apoptotic cell4

Regulatory3

Viability4

Germ1

Pathways3

Arrest or apoptosis2

Heterodimer1

Promoted cell cycle arrest1

Involved cell apoptosis1

Epithelial3

Mammalian2

Coactivators1

Senescence3

Genes12

Endothelial3

Gene4

SOMATIC1

Tumor cell4

Transcription3

Knockdown3

Cancer32

Kinases2

Squamous cell carc2

Interaction3

Lymphocyte2

Mechanisms7

Progenitor cells2

Proliferative1

Migration2

Hematopoietic stem1

Nuclear1

Closely1

Flow cytometry1

Cdt12

Estrous cycle8

Proteins interact4

Follicular1

Different stages of the cell cycle1

Growth5

Cyclin4

Biology5

Processes1

Malignant2