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Cell CycleCell Cycle ProteinsMenstrual CycleCell Cycle CheckpointsMitosisTime FactorsCell DivisionG1 PhaseEstrous CycleLuteal PhaseS PhaseCyclinsApoptosisFollicular PhaseCell ProliferationModels, BiologicalG2 PhaseCell LineCell Line, TumorFlow CytometryPhosphorylationMolecular Sequence DataCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27PeriodicityRetinoblastoma ProteinRNA, MessengerCells, CulturedG2 Phase Cell Cycle CheckpointsNuclear ProteinsCell NucleusGene Expression RegulationMutationSignal TransductionTumor Cells, CulturedDNACell DifferentiationG0 PhaseCDC2 Protein KinaseG1 Phase Cell Cycle CheckpointsTumor Suppressor Protein p53Circadian RhythmCyclin-Dependent Kinase 2Protein-Serine-Threonine KinasesCyclin D1Base SequenceDNA ReplicationCyclin EBiological ClocksGenes, cdcDNA DamageGene Expression ProfilingCyclin AAmino Acid SequenceInterphaseDNA-Binding ProteinsCyclin BFibroblastsCyclin-Dependent Kinase 4KineticsImmunohistochemistryProgesteroneTumor Suppressor ProteinsReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionCDC2-CDC28 KinasesOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisEndometriumPhase TransitionGene Expression Regulation, Developmentalcdc25 PhosphatasesTranscription FactorsTemperatureDose-Response Relationship, DrugNeuronsE2F Transcription FactorsHeLa CellsPhenotypeCyclin B1Saccharomyces cerevisiaeComputer SimulationTranscription, GeneticCyclin DCitric Acid CycleCell SurvivalBromodeoxyuridineRats, Sprague-DawleyE2F1 Transcription FactorSaccharomyces cerevisiae ProteinsBlotting, WesternEstradiolS Phase Cell Cycle CheckpointsConditioning, ClassicalAlgorithmsMice, Inbred C57BLProtein KinasesReproducibility of ResultsAnalysis of VariancePregnancyDown-RegulationProtein Binding
ProteinsCyclinProgressionDirectly interactsCheckpointCyclinsPathwaysApoptosisHematopoietic cellsRegulatorsMitosisRegulateGeneKinaseSquamous cell carcReceptorsArrestDifferentiationMammalian cellsTranscriptionalAssaysReplication forksBRCA1GenesSubunitInhibitNucleusTumor cellsInducesPhosphorylationShown to interactOverexpressionMoleculesCellularEukaryotic cellsGenomeChromatinResponse to DNA damagePhosphorylateRegulatoryAccumulationInhibitionMechanismsPathwayRegulatesIncluding cell proliferationNeuroblastoma cellVivoCancerVitroChromosomeNuclear EnvelopeInhibitsAnticancerPromotesMolecular biologyUpregulationDrosophilaTranscription factorP107
Proteins27
  • Mutations in these genes can result in abnormal versions of the proteins that fail to prevent the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. (news-medical.net)
  • Proteins that interact with BRCA1 are termed BRCA1-interacting proteins (BIPs). (news-medical.net)
  • BRCA1 interacts with several proteins that regulate the cell cycle. (news-medical.net)
  • I'm using cell and molecular biology techniques, biochemistry as well as microscopy to characterise the plant SUN proteins. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • This includes finding out what other proteins the SUNs bind to and what functions they have during cell division. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • 8. Mip/LIN-9 can inhibit cell proliferation independent of the pocket proteins. (nih.gov)
  • The cell cycle and apoptosis were evaluated using flow cytometry analysis, and proteins were detected using western blotting. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The long strands of genomic DNA are wrapped around histone proteins and organized in cells as chromatin 1 . (nature.com)
  • The nucleotide sequences of DNA guide the synthesis of cellular RNAs and proteins, making DNA a marvelous control device necessary to maintain a number of vital functions of living cells. (techscience.com)
  • Constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) is a RING-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase involved in regulating important target proteins for cell growth, but its biological activity in cell cycle progression is not well characterized. (oncotarget.com)
  • The critical molecules in the process of virus replication are the viral proteins E6 and E7, which interact with a number of cellular proteins. (srce.hr)
  • Besides blocking p53 function in regulation of apoptosis, high-risk HPV proteins interact with both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. (srce.hr)
  • As an aberration of virus infection, constant activity of the viral proteins E6 and E7 leads to increasing genomic instability, accumulation of oncogene mutations, further loss of cell-growth control and ultimately cancer. (srce.hr)
  • ATM and ATR substrates include checkpoint kinases CHK1 and CHK2, which phosphorylate proteins that mediate cell-cycle arrest. (sdbonline.org)
  • Furthermore, the CHK2 protein interacts with several other proteins including p53 (p53). (assaysolution.com)
  • Stanly Fields, a professor of genomic sciences at the University of Washington who invented an ingenious way to identify pairs of proteins that physically interact with one another, modified his technique and added special culture conditions to enable his group to study Plasmodium. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Ideker's team applied a rigorous statistical analysis approach to the Fields group's Plasmodium data, focusing on interacting proteins that have homologs in other species. (sciencedaily.com)
  • While the genomes of hundreds of species are filled with homologous proteins, Ideker and his colleagues are eager to understand how they interact with one another as part of a new approach to help in the design of drugs that disrupt proteins in pathogens while sparing patients from side-effects. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The malaria parasite has a four-stage life cycle, and the Fields group analyzed only the proteins expressed in the phase that infects human red blood cells, an infection that leads to fever, shaking chills, headache, muscle aches, and other symptoms. (sciencedaily.com)
  • However, he noted that the parasite's asexual-phase is actually enriched in proteins for which homologs have been found in other species. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Autophagy is a physiological degradative mechanism of the cells by which autophagic vesicles deliver unfolded proteins and damaged organelles to lysosomes for their elimination. (encyclopedia.pub)
  • Cell proliferation is tightly controlled by the cell-cycle regulatory proteins, primarily by cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the G 1 phase. (molcells.org)
  • Conversely, cells transfected with the G0S2-DHD, G0S21or G0S243 build confirmed a nucleolar localization of nucleolin, most likely because of to the lack of ability of the mutant proteins Cyanoginosin-LR to interact with nucleolin through the High definition area (Figure 6B). (lckinhibitor.com)
  • Due to the fact G0S2 is a cytosolic protein with an not known functionality, we hypothesized that G0S2 might interact with proteins concerned in the manage of cell division. (lckinhibitor.com)
  • To discover G0S2-interacting proteins in hematopoietic cells, we transduced murine lymphoma EL4 cells with the V5-tagged G0S2 retrovirus mainly because the scarce range of HSCs precluded a proteomic strategy. (lckinhibitor.com)
  • Such proteins are likely to signal from the cell-cycle network to chromatin and back, facilitating proper cell-cycle progression and ensuring genomic integrity. (nih.gov)
  • As we continue to identify proteins that interact with chromatin, we need to create tools that will help scientists understand how those interactions integrate into a network that affects cell-cycle progression. (nih.gov)
Cyclin19
  • In yeast, for instance, cell growth induces accumulation of Cln3 cyclin , which complexes with the cyclin dependent kinase CDK2. (wikipedia.org)
  • [3] Mitogenic signals received throughout G1-phase cause gradual accumulation of cyclin D, which complexes with CDK4/6. (wikipedia.org)
  • [3] Active cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex induces release of E2F transcription factor, which in turn initiates expression of S-phase genes. (wikipedia.org)
  • During early S-phase, the cyclin E-Cdk2 complex phosphorylates NPAT , a nuclear coactivator of histone transcription. (wikipedia.org)
  • On the basis of the results of large-scale gene expression studies, we conclude the following: (a) Benzene induces DNA damage in cells at any phase of the cell cycle through myeloperoxidase and in the redox cycle, resulting in p53 expression through Raf-1 and cyclin D-interacting myb-like protein 1. (nih.gov)
  • 8 Furthermore, co-immunoprecipitation studies have indicated that p33 ING1b interacts with p53, whereas cotransfection studies have shown that ING1 has the ability to modulate TP53 transactivation of the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21 WAF1 . (bmj.com)
  • activated by interaction with cyclin E during the early stages of DNA synthesis to permit G1-S transition, and subsequently activated by cyclin A2 (cyclin A1 in germ cells) during the late stages of DNA replication to drive the transition from S phase to mitosis, the G2 phase. (proteopedia.org)
  • Cyclin E/CDK2-mediated phosphorylation of NPAT at G1-S transition and until prophase stimulates the NPAT-mediated activation of histone gene transcription during S phase. (proteopedia.org)
  • Cell cycle-regulated phosphorylation of p220(NPAT) by cyclin E/Cdk2 in Cajal bodies promotes histone gene transcription. (proteopedia.org)
  • From NCBI Gene: The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. (nih.gov)
  • This cyclin has been shown to specifically interact with CIP/KIP family of CDK inhibitors, and plays a role in cell cycle G1/S transition. (nih.gov)
  • The expression of this gene peaks at the G1-S phase and exhibits a pattern of tissue specificity distinct from that of cyclin E1. (nih.gov)
  • Myb is substantially enhanced in S phase through modi-fication by cyclin A/cdk2, and the evidence points squarely to the major role being played by B-Myb during this phase of the cell cycle. (123dok.net)
  • The G 1 phase arrest is associated with the decreased expressions of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and hyperphosphorylated pRb, which is mediated by p21 upregulation. (molcells.org)
  • Cell cycle transitions are generally triggered by variation in the activity of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) bound to cyclins. (elifesciences.org)
  • During a replicative cycle, CRK5 stably interacts with a single Plasmodium -specific cyclin (SOC2), although we obtained no evidence of SOC2 cycling by transcription, translation or degradation. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our results provide evidence that during Plasmodium male gametogony, this divergent cyclin/CDK pair fills the functional space of other eukaryotic cell-cycle kinases controlling DNA replication. (elifesciences.org)
  • Enforced expression of cyclin A1 in cells containing mutant H2A.Z.1 rescued tumor formation in a mouse model. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Our findings suggest that SMYD3-mediated H2A.Z.1K101 dimethylation activates cyclin A1 expression and contributes to driving the proliferation of breast cancer cells. (aacrjournals.org)
Progression12
  • It is a protein kinase which plays an important role in mitotic cell cycle progression. (wikipedia.org)
  • 17. LIN-9 phosphorylation on threonine-96 is required for transcriptional activation of LIN-9 target genes and promotes cell cycle progression. (nih.gov)
  • To ensure faithful transmission of the genome upon cell division, eukaryotic cells have developed checkpoints, regulatory pathways that delay cell-cycle progression until completion of prior events. (sdbonline.org)
  • A model is proposed in which Nopo interacts with the Ben-Uev1A heterodimer to form a functional E2-E3 ubiquitin ligase complex required during syncytial embryogenesis for genomic integrity, cell-cycle progression, and the continuation of development. (sdbonline.org)
  • We designed a simple model of tumour progression during treatment, based on descriptions of the key phenomena of proliferation, quiescence, cell killing and resistance, and giving as output the macroscopically measurable tumour volume and growth fraction. (biomedcentral.com)
  • However, concurring co-factors (e.g., smoking, oral contraceptives, pregnancy, Herpes virus type 2 infections, etc .) may promote a persisting HR-HPV integration into the infected cells' genome triggering an oncogenic progression in the remaining ~10% of cases ( 11 - 14 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • However, the role of ARMS/Kidins220 in cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression has never been investigated. (molcells.org)
  • Although ARMS/Kidins220 is involved in tumor cell survival and contributes to tumor progression, its role in cell proliferation and cell-cycle progression has never been investigated. (molcells.org)
  • Thus, the p21-cyclinD1/CDK4 signaling pathway plays a critical role in ARMS/Kidins220-dependent cell-cycle progression. (molcells.org)
  • Progression through the cell cycle critically relies upon post-translational mechanisms including changes in activity of cell cycle kinases and phosphatases, and ubiquitin-mediated degradation of specific components once their function is complete. (elifesciences.org)
  • The structure and biochemical analysis provide an understanding of how oncogenic B-Myb is recruited to regulate genes required for cell-cycle progression, and the MMB interface presents a potential therapeutic target to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. (cusabio.com)
  • The menstrual cycle is an orderly progression of coordinated hormonal events in the female body that stimulates growth of a follicle to release an egg and prepare a site for implantation if fertilization should occur. (medscape.com)
Directly interacts1
  • Mechanistic studies show that COP1 directly interacts with p27 through a VP motif on p27 and functions as an E3 ligase of p27 to accelerate the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of p27. (oncotarget.com)
Checkpoint7
  • The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) arrests cells in mitosis by sensing unattached kinetochores, until all chromosomes are bi-oriented by spindle microtubules. (nih.gov)
  • We have previously shown that polo-like kinase 3 (Plk3), a protein involved in DNA damage checkpoint and M-phase functions, interacts with and phosphorylates Chk2. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we show that the two highly divergent FHA domains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rad53p, a protein kinase involved in cell cycle checkpoint control, possess phosphopeptide-binding specificity. (embl.de)
  • The ensuing delay, resulting from engagement of this checkpoint, presumably allows cells time to correct defects (Merkle, 2009). (sdbonline.org)
  • Activation of a cell cycle checkpoint response was evidenced by autophosphorylation of ATR, the S-phase checkpoint kinase, and by recruitment of ATR and the ATR activators RPA, 9-1-1, and Rad17 to chromatin. (escholarship.org)
  • Surprisingly, ATR activation was accompanied by only a slight increase in single-stranded DNA, and the ATR targets RPA2 and Chk1, a cell cycle checkpoint kinase, were not phosphorylated. (escholarship.org)
  • We are also asking how cells respond to perturbation of DNA replication-an important question because the sensitivity of cells to anticancer drugs often depends on cell-cycle checkpoint pathways that are activated when DNA replication is perturbed. (nih.gov)
Cyclins1
  • Malaria-causing parasites have a life cycle with unique cell-division cycles, and a repertoire of divergent CDKs and cyclins of poorly understood function and interdependency. (elifesciences.org)
Pathways7
  • Accordingly, entry into S-phase is controlled by molecular pathways that facilitate a rapid, unidirectional shift in cell state. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although the mechanisms underlying benzene-induced toxicity and leukemogenicity are not yet fully understood, they are likely to be complicated by various pathways, including those of metabolism, growth factor regulation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, cell cycle regulation, and programmed cell death. (nih.gov)
  • Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an enzyme that specifically removes phosphates from serine and threonine residues and is essential for various signaling pathways involved in cell development and growth ( 1 , 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Dysregulated DNA repair pathways support growth advantages to tumor cells. (techscience.com)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • We also noted apoptotic cell death after treatment with UPR1024 at concentrations above 10 mumol/L for >24 h, with involvement of both the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways. (unipr.it)
  • We ask how cell-cycle signaling pathways regulate DNA replication and how replication coordinates with gene expression and chromatin condensation. (nih.gov)
Apoptosis16
Hematopoietic cells2
  • Translocation results in the replacement of normal hematopoietic cells with Ph+ cells. (actanaturae.ru)
  • We hypothesized that the conversation involving G0S2 and nucleolin may possibly have an impact on the proliferation of hematopoietic cells. (lckinhibitor.com)
Regulators4
  • Significant insights into the roles of many cell-cycle regulators have come from studying their functions in Drosophila. (sdbonline.org)
  • We discuss in this review re-cent findings suggesting that B-Myb is a multifunctional protein that has, in addition to its transcriptional proper-ties, the ability to interact directly with other regulators of the cell cycle. (123dok.net)
  • Low control of cell proliferation and cell cycle by gene-regulators presumably promotes bcr/abl overexpression and activates the production of bcr/abl + cells. (actanaturae.ru)
  • To achieve the high precision of DNA replication, cell-cycle regulators must interact with chromatin to ensure that replication starts at the correct location and the exact time. (nih.gov)
Mitosis4
Regulate4
  • COP1 regulates p53 and 14-3-3 σ stability to regulate cell growth, but its role in cell cycle regulation is not fully characterized. (oncotarget.com)
  • Our results suggest a new role of ARMS/Kidins220 as a signaling platform to regulate tumor cell proliferation in response to the extracellular stimuli. (molcells.org)
  • Intriguingly, G0S2-overexpressing cells showed a perinuclear distribution of nucleolin relatively than the normal nucleolar localization noticed in regulate cells (Determine 6B). (lckinhibitor.com)
  • The MuvB multiprotein complex, together with B-MYB and FOXM1 (MMB-FOXM1) regulate the expression of mitotic kinesins in breast cancer cells. (cusabio.com)
Gene13
  • One example is mitogen-inducible gene 6 protein (MIG-6), a cytoplasmic protein initially identified as a serum-inducible gene, the expression of which peaks during the G1 phase of the cell cycle. (medscape.com)
  • [3] Since upregulation of S-phase genes drive further suppression of Whi5 , this pathway creates a positive feedback loop that fully commits cells to S-phase gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • b) For G1/S cell cycle arrest, the p53-mediated pathway through p21 is involved, as well as the pRb gene-mediated pathway. (nih.gov)
  • The tumor suppressor gene Chk2 encodes a serine/threonine kinase that signals DNA damage to cell cycle checkpoints. (nih.gov)
  • The inhibitor of growth gene 1 (ING1) was first isolated in early 1996, after it was found to be preferentially expressed in a normal breast cell line but not in a panel of breast cancer cell lines. (bmj.com)
  • A significantly increased expression level of this gene was observed in tumor-derived cells. (nih.gov)
  • Minimal gene transcription occurs during this developmental stage, so cell cycles are regulated by post-transcriptional mechanisms. (sdbonline.org)
  • It also inhibits overexpression of the multidrug resistance-1 gene (MDR-1) coding for the P-glycoprotein that is a major factor responsible for cells developing resistance to cancer drugs. (nih.gov)
  • The fact that B-myb expression is strongly associated with proliferating cells of all lineages suggests that this gene may play an important and general role during the cell cycle. (123dok.net)
  • A chimeric oncogene bcr/abl encoding active tyrosine kinase р210/р185 that participates in CML pathogenesis is formed in cells containing the Ph chromosome (Ph+ cells) due to reciprocal translocation of the 5 fragment of the bcr gene and the 3 fragment of the abl gene. (actanaturae.ru)
  • Furthermore, several studies indicate that p53 triggers autophagy in cancer cells through various mechanisms, such as the stimulation of AMPK, the inhibition of mTOR, or the induction of the autophagy-related gene DRAM1, to react to genotoxic or environmental stimuli [ 12 ] [ 13 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • B-Myb is an independent prognostic marker and serves as a potential target in the diagnosis and/or treatment of NSCLC, and that B-Myb functions as a tumor-promoting gene by targeting IGFBP3 in NSCLC cells. (cusabio.com)
  • In the nucleus of cell, the acetylation and de-acetylation of histone is in a dynamic balance, which precisely regulates gene transcription and expression [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Kinase6
  • [4] This process depends on the kinase activity of Cdc7 and various S-phase CDKs, both of which are upregulated upon S-phase entry. (wikipedia.org)
  • When Chk2 was immunoprecipitated from Daudi cells (Plk3-deficient), it had weak kinase activity towards Cdc25C compared with Chk2 derived from T47D cells (Plk3-expressing cells). (nih.gov)
  • When the Chk2 mutant construct GFP-Chk2 S73A (serine 73 mutated to alanine) is transfected into cells, it no longer associates with a large complex in vivo, and manifests a significant reduction in kinase activity. (nih.gov)
  • The Rad53 protein kinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for checkpoints that prevent cell division in cells with damaged or incompletely replicated DNA. (embl.de)
  • The ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning (ARMS) scaffold protein, also known as kinase D-interacting substrate of 220 kDa (Kidins 220), has been previously identified as a prominent downstream target of neurotrophin and ephrin receptors. (molcells.org)
  • In this study, we examined the mechanism of action of the novel epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor 5-benzylidene-hydantoin UPR1024, whose structure was designed to interact at the ATP-binding site of EGFR. (unipr.it)
Squamous cell carc4
  • The risk is increased 1000-fold for squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, and fibrosarcoma and is increased 10-fold to 20-fold for other tumors. (medscape.com)
  • Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a dominant histological subtype of esophageal cancer with notably high incidence and mortality rates. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Esophageal cancer, which consists of two principal subtypes, adenocarcinoma and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), is the sixth leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • This study aimed to determine the predictive value of pretreatment levels of hematological markers on the radiosensitivity of patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). (bvsalud.org)
Receptors4
  • RV can establish infection in a variety of human derived cell lines, indicating that the cognate receptors of RV are ubiquitous or exists in various forms [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 14 ] showed that one of the host cell receptors identified to bind the E1 protein, is myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG), a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. (biomedcentral.com)
  • At most synapses, the presynaptic cell releases a diffusible neurotransmitter that activates receptors on the postsynaptic cell. (nih.gov)
  • Immediately prior to ovulation, the combination of E 2 and FSH leads to the production of luteinizing-hormone (LH) receptors on the granulosa cells surrounding the lead follicle. (medscape.com)
Arrest4
Differentiation3
  • 1 Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education and State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. (nih.gov)
  • Expression of these genes correlates with regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation by alternating proliferation and maturation stages for three main Ph +cell types that occur under chronic myeloid leukemia. (actanaturae.ru)
  • Transcription factor involved in the regulation of cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. (cusabio.com)
Mammalian cells4
Transcriptional3
  • Furthermore, the C-terminus of BRCA1 interacts with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme to act as transcriptional activator. (news-medical.net)
  • [3] The Cln3-CDK2 complex promotes transcription of S-phase genes by inactivating the transcriptional repressor Whi5 . (wikipedia.org)
  • The stimuli are received by the central circadian clock in suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain, regulating the transcriptional-translational feedback loop between the core components of the circadian clock: circadian locomotor output cycles kaput (CLOCK), aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like (BMAL1), cryptochrome (CRY) and period (PER). (biomedcentral.com)
Assays5
  • ESCC cells were treated with pemetrexed and cell survival was assessed with MTT assays. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • B ) Cell proliferation assays with 5-H-Y or cisplatin treatment. (nature.com)
  • In biochemical assays, polyamides inhibit DNA helicases, providing a plausible mechanism for S-phase inhibition. (escholarship.org)
  • The proteomic identification of G0S2 protein partners was carried out employing EL4 cells, while the molecular interaction assays have been executed using fibroblasts. (lckinhibitor.com)
  • Coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that G0S2 only interacted with the nucleolin mutants that contained the RGG domain: wild kind (Ncl-wt), Ncl287, and Ncl-DRBDs (Figure 5F). (lckinhibitor.com)
Replication forks3
  • [4] During S-phase, the cell converts pre-RCs into active replication forks to initiate DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polyamide treatment also induced accumulation of monoubiquitinated FANCD2, which is recruited to stalled replication forks and interacts transiently with phospho-MCM2. (escholarship.org)
  • We found that cells can convert perturbed replication forks into DNA breaks. (nih.gov)
BRCA14
  • The N-terminal end of BRCA1 contains a zinc-finger domain that can interact with DNA directly or indirectly. (news-medical.net)
  • The first 109 amino acids of BRCA1 contain a protease-resistant domain that interacts with E2F1 and BAP1. (news-medical.net)
  • The C-terminal end of BRCA1 interacts directly or indirectly with p53, RNA Polymerase II, RNA helicaseA, p300 and CBP (CREB binding protein), BRCA2, histone-deacetylase complex, RB and CtIP. (news-medical.net)
  • The C-terminus of BRCA1 contains two domains that interact with multiple transcription activators and repressors. (news-medical.net)
Genes9
  • In addition to increasing transcription of histone genes, S-phase entry also regulates histone production at the RNA level. (wikipedia.org)
  • 5. Evolutionarily conserved multisubunit RBL2/p130 and E2F4 protein complex represses human cell cycle-dependent genes in quiescence. (nih.gov)
  • 15. A Lin-9 complex is recruited by B-Myb to activate transcription of G2/M genes in undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cells. (nih.gov)
  • To date, 19 FANC genes have been identified from FA patients, whose cells are highly sensitive to ICL-inducing agents, including cisplatin. (nature.com)
  • One of the genes regulated through this mechanism en-codes the B-Myb transcription factor, which has been shown to be critically required for early embryonal de-velopment in the mouse. (123dok.net)
  • The p53, p21, mdm2, and gapdh genes overexpress in active proliferating myeloid cells in the cell cycle S+G2/M phases and when the phases are coincident with the proliferation stage. (actanaturae.ru)
  • Expression of these genes decreases to a considerable level under alternation of the Ph +cell proliferation and maturation stages and whenever the expression is greatly diminished under significant neutrophil accumulation and especially under repeated alternation of the stages. (actanaturae.ru)
  • The expression levels of these genes in neutrophils are lower than those in myelocytes and lower by an order of magnitude than that in the cells with a prolonged proliferation stage. (actanaturae.ru)
  • In the Ph + cells with a high P/D efficiency index (5-20), overexpression of the genes in the range of bcr gapdhbcr/abl, as well as a decreased expression of the p53, bcl2, mdm2, p21 gapdh genes is observed for Ph + cells from the CML blast crisis and CML acceleration phase. (actanaturae.ru)
Subunit1
Inhibit3
  • [ 49 ] MIG-6 has been shown to interact with and inhibit activation of EGFR and HER2, and to counteract the ability of ErbB ligands to promote trastuzumab resistance. (medscape.com)
  • Antiprogestine mifepristone (MF) has been shown to inhibit ovarian epithelial cancer (OEC) cell growth in vitro and in vivo. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Cells that cannot form transient DNA breaks, or cells that form breaks but cannot repair them, are very susceptible to drugs that inhibit DNA replication. (nih.gov)
Nucleus1
  • For a century, the nucleus has been the focus of extensive investigations in cell biology. (brookes.ac.uk)
Tumor cells1
  • In studies of tumor cells, the "Ki-67 labeling index" refers to the number of Ki-67 positive cells within the population and this is used to predict outcome of particular cancer types. (thermofisher.com)
Induces1
  • In this study, we report that knockdown of ARMS/Kidins220 in mouse neuroblastoma cells induces a slowdown of cell cycle in the G 1 phase, which results in a decrease in cell proliferation. (molcells.org)
Phosphorylation2
Shown to interact2
  • NEK6 has been shown to interact with NEK9. (wikipedia.org)
  • Ki-67 has been shown to interact with the DNA-bound protein chromobox protein homolog 3 (CBX3) (heterochromatin). (thermofisher.com)
Overexpression4
  • 3, 7 Suppression of p33 ING1b is associated with the loss of cellular growth control and immortalisation, whereas its overexpression arrests cells in the G 0 /G 1 phase of the cell cycle. (bmj.com)
  • The presence of the truncated somatostatin receptor sst5TMD4 has been correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer tumorsand its overexpression in breast cancer derived cell lines is associated with increased cell malignancy. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Minimal bcr/abl expression is observed under overexpression of p53, mdm2, p21, c-myc, as well as under cell maximum at the S and G2/M phases. (actanaturae.ru)
  • MYBL2 overexpression promotes Gallbladder Cancer cell proliferation through the regulation of the cell cycle at the S and G2/M phase transitions. (cusabio.com)
Molecules1
  • Of course all these authors were aware that tumour growth and response to a drug are very complex phenomena, with many interacting factors, from molecules to environmental constraints. (biomedcentral.com)
Cellular5
  • Chromatin DNA must be read out for various cellular functions and copied for the next cell division. (nature.com)
  • Papillomaviruses are perfectly adapted to their natural host tissue, the differentiating epithelial cell of skin or mucosae, and exploit the cellular machinery for their own purposes. (srce.hr)
  • Crucial role in orchestrating a fine balance between cellular proliferation, cell death, and DNA repair in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). (proteopedia.org)
  • Researchers at UCSD have discovered that the single-cell parasite responsible for an estimated 1 million deaths per year worldwide from malaria has protein "wiring" that differs markedly from the cellular circuitry of other higher organisms, a finding which could lead to the development of antimalarial drugs that exploit that difference. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The damage to the growing fetus in infected mothers is multifactorial, arising from a combination of cellular damage, as well as its effect on the dividing cells. (biomedcentral.com)
Eukaryotic cells2
  • In eukaryotic cells the genetic material is surrounded by a membrane system called the nuclear envelope (NE). (brookes.ac.uk)
  • The Nuclear Envelope is a hallmark of eukaryotic cells. (brookes.ac.uk)
Genome3
  • [1] Since accurate duplication of the genome is critical to successful cell division, the processes that occur during S-phase are tightly regulated and widely conserved. (wikipedia.org)
  • Throughout M phase and G1 phase, cells assemble inactive pre-replication complexes (pre-RC) on replication origins distributed throughout the genome. (wikipedia.org)
  • During the S-phase of the eukaryotic cell cycle, particular sections of the genome replicate at different times, yet it is striking that replication of the entire genome is coordinated such that each and every genomic locus replicates exactly once. (nih.gov)
Chromatin1
  • The cell-cycle machinery must also receive signals from replicating chromatin to detect and respond to replication errors. (nih.gov)
Response to DNA damage1
  • The Rad9 protein was phosphorylated in response to DNA damage, and phosphorylated Rad9 interacted with the COOH-terminal forkhead homology-associated (FHA) domain of Rad53. (embl.de)
Phosphorylate1
  • After Cdc7 and S-phase CDKs phosphorylate their respective substrates, a second set of replicative factors associate with the pre-RC. (wikipedia.org)
Regulatory1
  • progres-sion through the cell cycle is highly modulated through a regulatory axis containing the E2F transcription factor and retinoblastoma tumour suppressor protein families. (123dok.net)
Accumulation2
  • Polyamide treatment induced accumulation of S-phase cells and of PCNA replication/repair foci. (escholarship.org)
  • The growth inhibitory effect was associated with an accumulation of the cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. (unipr.it)
Inhibition2
  • In addition, increased levels of the ErbB family ligands heregulin and EGF blocked trastuzumab-mediated growth inhibition of HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cell lines, and this inhibition was in association with increased signaling from HER2/HER3 and HER2/EGFR complexes. (medscape.com)
  • 9 Extension of these preliminary findings suggested that the association of competent protein forms of each member of the p53-p33 ING1b complex is essential for the optimum inhibition of cell growth and transactivation by TP53. (bmj.com)
Mechanisms3
  • In healthy cells, robust and diverse DNA repair mechanisms faithfully protect from DNA damages to maintain overall survival. (techscience.com)
  • The availability of diverse DNA repair systems reflects the complex nature of DNA repair mechanisms in healthy cells. (techscience.com)
  • In this review, we summarize the biological function of NOC2L and the underlying mechanisms of how NOC2L interacts with its key targets. (biomedcentral.com)
Pathway2
  • In HR deficient cells, MMEJ is crucial as a backup DNA repair pathway, indicating the indispensable role of POLQ-mediated MMEJ in HR deficient cancer cells. (techscience.com)
  • These large-scale analyses indicate that the core autophagy machinery largely escapes genomic mutations and cancer cells generally express a functionally intact autophagy pathway. (encyclopedia.pub)
Regulates2
  • CHK2 regulates cell division, and has the ability to prevent cells from dividing too rapidly or in an uncontrolled manner.When DNA undergoes a double-strand break, CHK2 is activated. (assaysolution.com)
  • Taken together, our study reveals a novel mechanism by which ARMS/Kidins220 scaffold protein regulates tumor cell proliferation. (molcells.org)
Including cell proliferation1
  • cAMP is an ubiquitous second messenger that is implicated in the regulation of a wide variety of cell functions, including cell proliferation that is differently affected depending on the cell type. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Neuroblastoma cell1
Vivo2
  • Hereby we analyzed the effects of P4 and MF on ovarian granulosa cell tumorigenesis (GCT) in vitro and in vivo. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Despite the recent development of technologies giving detailed images of tumours in vivo , direct or indirect ways to measure how many cells are actually killed by a treatment or are resistant to it are still beyond our reach. (biomedcentral.com)
Cancer11
  • May contribute to tumorigenesis by suppressing p53/TP53-induced cancer cell senescence. (wikipedia.org)
  • [ 26 ] Trastuzumab activated ADCC in multiple breast cancer cell lines. (medscape.com)
  • Recent studies have reported that pemetrexed is also able to act as an antitumor drug, and its cytotoxicity has been demonstrated in advanced non-small cell lung cancer and malignant pleural mesothelioma ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • 5-H-Y inhibits DNA replication and also RNA transcription, arresting cells in the S/G2 phase and are effective against cisplatin-resistant cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • DNA transactions such as DNA replication/ repair/ recombination and RNA transcription are essential for cell viability and are targets of many anticancer agents currently used in cancer chemotherapy 2 . (nature.com)
  • Reduced nuclear expression of p33 ING1b was found in cancer cells, both in intensity and the proportion of cells staining. (bmj.com)
  • POLQ is overexpressed in a range of cancer cells, including homologous recombination (HR) deficient cancer cells. (techscience.com)
  • The model was applied to a database of the time course of volumes of breast cancer in patients undergoing pre-operative chemotherapy, for which the initial estimate of proliferating cells by the measure of the percentage of Ki67-positive cells was available. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) act as hypoxia sensors that orchestrate a coordinated response increasing the pro-survival and pro-invasive phenotype of cancer cells, and determine a broad metabolic rewiring. (mdpi.com)
  • However, the excessive stimulation of autophagy can be considered a self-eating mechanism favoring cell death and the aberrant regulation of autophagy is widely studied to improve therapeutic treatments for various diseases including cancer [ 3 ] . (encyclopedia.pub)
  • The compound had antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects when tested on the non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549. (unipr.it)
Vitro2
  • In that work, considering a single population of tumour cells growing in vitro in the best environmental conditions, a less rich model was unable to fit all available data (a dataset including measures with different techniques). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Consistent with this, B-myb knock-out mice die at a very early stage of development (E4.5 - E6.5), and a requirement for B-Myb in inner cell mass formation is indicated by the se-verely impaired proliferation of these pluripotent cells when blastocysts were explanted and cultured in vitro [24]. (123dok.net)
Chromosome1
  • Cep57 also interacts with Mad1, and depletion of Cep57 results in decreased kinetochore localization of Mad1-Mad2, reduced SAC signalling and increased chromosome segregation errors. (nih.gov)
Nuclear Envelope1
  • As a result, cells from these patients are characterized by nuclear envelope dysfunction, altered nuclear activity, impaired structural dynamics and aberrant cell signaling [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Inhibits1
Anticancer2
  • The present study aimed to understand whether pemetrexed is able to exert anticancer effects on ESCC cells, and to determine the underlying molecular mechanism. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Determining whether pemetrexed exhibits anticancer effects on ESCC cells and understanding the underlying molecular mechanism are important for developing better chemotherapeutics for ESCC. (spandidos-publications.com)
Promotes1
  • The LH surge promotes maturation of the dominant oocyte, the release of the oocyte and then the luteinization of the granulosa cells and the surrounding theca cells of the dominant follicle resulting in progesterone production. (medscape.com)
Molecular biology1
  • This viewpoint highlights the potential role of POLQ as a new target in the treatment of HR-deficient tumors and aims to develop enthusiasm to introduce fundamental aspects of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry to basic research related to Molecular Life Sciences, Cell Biology and Genetics in Sri Lanka as Molecular Biology and Biochemistry fundamentals can still do wonders in modern research. (techscience.com)
Upregulation1
  • Our results suggest that PP2A-PR72 plays an important role in regulating cardiac contractile function and Ca 2+ cycling, indicating that the upregulation of PR72 in heart failure is an attempt to compensate functionally. (frontiersin.org)
Drosophila3
  • 1. Mammalian Mip/LIN-9 interacts with either the p107, p130/E2F4 repressor complex or B-Myb in a cell cycle-phase-dependent context distinct from the Drosophila dREAM complex. (nih.gov)
  • Drosophila is well suited for studying cell-cycle regulation during the formation of a multicellular organism, in large part because of its developmental use of cell cycles that differ in structure from canonical G1-S-G2-M cycles and the availability of genetic tools. (sdbonline.org)
  • The first thirteen cell cycles of Drosophila embryogenesis involve nearly synchronous nuclear divisions driven by stockpiles of maternally expressed mRNA and protein. (sdbonline.org)
Transcription factor1
  • Cells were then surface-stained with CD45R (B220) Monoclonal Antibody, FITC (Product # 11-0452-82) and stained intracellularly, using the Foxp3/Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set (Product # 00-5523-00) and protocol, with 1.0 µg of Ki-67 Monoclonal Antibody, Brilliant Ultra Violet 395. (thermofisher.com)
P1071