• Intersecting analysis, molecular docking, and pathway validation analysis showed that risperidone influences the adipocytokine signaling pathway by targeting MAPK14 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 14), MAPK8 (mitogen-activated protein kinase 8), and RXRA (retinoic acid receptor RXR-alpha), thereby inhibiting long-chain fatty acid β-oxidation by decreasing STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3) expression and phosphorylation. (frontiersin.org)
  • This gene encodes a scaffold protein that is thought to be involved in the regulation of the c-Jun amino-terminal kinase signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
  • SPRY2 is a member of the signaling pathway-specific inhibition protein sprouty (SPRY) family. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The activation of this kinase requires its phosphorylation by upstream kinases. (wikipedia.org)
  • CaM Kinase Makes LTP or LTD Depending on Phosphorylation State Hyun Jae Pi, Nikolai Otmakhov, David Lemelin, Paul De Koninck, and John Lisman (see pages 8704C8709) Calcium entering through NMDA receptors activates calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII). (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • Activity-dependent CREB phosphorylation: Convergence of a fast, sensitive calmodulin kinase pathway and a slow, less sensitive mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. (the-scientist.com)
  • EGF-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation occurred at much lower concentrations of EGF than required to phosphorylate Tyr 845. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Moreover, the effect of Src family kinase inhibitors on EGF-stimulated ERK phosphorylation was transient, prompting a search for other targets of Src family kinase action. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Together, these observations demonstrate that one or more Src family kinases act upstream as well as downstream of ErbB1 to promote amphiregulin-dependent autocrine stimulation of NHKs and suggest that autocrine NHK proliferation is more dependent upon ERK activation than upon Tyr 845 phosphorylation. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In addition to subcellular location and protein-protein interactions, several phosphorylation and dephosphorylation sites also modulate eNOS activity ( 9 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 1998) Regulation of the p70 S6 kinase by phosphorylation in vivo. (concordia.ca)
  • DUSP3 regulated OCLN ubiquitination and degradation through decreasing OCLN tyrosine phosphorylation directly or through suppressing focal adhesion kinase, the OCLN kinase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK 1), also known as ERK2, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MAPK1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is a highly conserved module that is involved in various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (wikipathways.org)
  • Each MAPKK, however, can be activated by more than one MAPKKK, increasing the complexity and diversity of MAPK signalling. (wikipathways.org)
  • Spaced stimuli stabilize MAPK pathway activation and its effects on dendritic morphology," Nat Neurosci, 4:151-8, 2001. (the-scientist.com)
  • The term RASopathies includes disorders with mutations in the genes that code for the proteins of the RAS/MAPK pathway, such as neurofibromatosis type 1, Noonan syndrome, Legius syndrome, LEOPARD syndrome, Costello syndrome, and cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Additive interaction of oxaliplatin and 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin in colon cancer cell lines results from inhibition of nuclear factor kappaB signaling. (jefferson.edu)
  • Our novel results emphasize the important roles of inflammation-stroma interactions in breast cancer, and suggest that NF-κB may be a potential target for inhibition in tumor-adjacent stromal cells, enabling improved tumor control in inflammation-driven malignancies. (nih.gov)
  • and potent inhibition of NHK proliferation and migration by two Src family kinase inhibitors PP1 and PD173952. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Here, we show that, in addition to its kinase activity, TAK1 has intrinsic ATPase activity, that (5Z)-7-Oxozeaenol irreversibly inhibits TAK1, and that sensitivity to (5Z)-7-Oxozeaenol inhibition in hematological cancer cell lines is NRAS mutation status and TAK1 pathway dependent. (rcsb.org)
  • Detailed biochemical characterization revealed that (5Z)-7-Oxozeaenol inhibited both the kinase and the ATPase activity of TAK1 following a bi-phase kinetics, consistent with the irreversible inhibition mechanism. (rcsb.org)
  • MAP kinases, also known as extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs), act as an integration point for multiple biochemical signals, and are involved in a wide variety of cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, transcription regulation and development. (wikipedia.org)
  • Extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 2 is required for efficient generation of B cells bearing antigen-specific immunoglobulin G". Molecular and Cellular Biology. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mammals express at least four distinctly regulated groups of MAPKs, extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)-1/2, Jun amino-terminal kinases (JNK1/2/3), p38 proteins (p38alpha/beta/gamma/delta) and ERK5, that are activated by specific MAPKKs: MEK1/2 for ERK1/2, MKK3/6 for the p38, MKK4/7 (JNKK1/2) for the JNKs, and MEK5 for ERK5. (wikipathways.org)
  • In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)
  • In the poster section, Joanna Shisler (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [UIUC], Urbana) reported that the modified virus, Ankara, activates nuclear factor κB through the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal–regulated kinase (MEK)/extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, possibly facilitating the host immune response. (cdc.gov)
  • A screen profiling 158 kinase inhibitors (Calbiochem Protein Kinase Inhibitor Library I and II, catalogue numbers 539744 and 539745) for their inhibitory activity at 1µM and 10µM against 234 human recombinant kinases using the EMD Millipore KinaseProfiler TM service. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • A screen profiling the inhibitory activity of 178 commercially available kinase inhibitors at 0.5µM against a panel of 300 recombinant protein kinases using the Reaction Biology Corporation Kinase Hotspot SM platform. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • This protein has been shown to interact with and regulate the activity of MAPK8/JNK1 and MAP2K7/MKK7 kinases. (nih.gov)
  • Thus, our discovery of the role of functional interaction between intracellular signaling pathways mediated by calcium ions (Ca 2+) and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) (Ca 2+ /cAMP signaling interaction) in these cellular responses, opened a great avenue for the development of new antitumor therapeutic strategies. (researchgate.net)
  • It is suggested that G-protein-coupled receptors might modulate cytoskeletal dynamics, intracellular traffic, and cellular architecture. (jneurosci.org)
  • It belongs to family 1 of the G protein-coupled receptors. (cancerindex.org)
  • NO production in response to various factors, such as increased shear stress, is mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which is constitutively expressed in endothelial cells (ECs) and is tightly controlled by various membrane-bound receptors and regulatory proteins under physiological conditions ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We are primarily using cytomegaloviruses to examine how the pathogens alter signaling pathways directed by G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to facilitate robust replication in tissues important for host-host dissemination. (uc.edu)
  • The most frequently analyzed family member, p38 alpha, also known as SAPK2a and MAPK14, was initially purified as a kinase critical to the signaling cascade linking IL-1 to MAPKAPK-2 and the small heat shock protein HSP27. (rndsystems.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a receptor for C-C type chemokines. (cancerindex.org)
  • Here, we identified the impact of TNF-α and IL-1β on the inflammatory phenotype of CAFs and MSCs by determining the expression of inflammatory chemokines that are well-characterized as pro-tumorigenic in breast cancer: CCL2 (MCP-1), CXCL8 (IL-8) and CCL5 (RANTES). (nih.gov)
  • Surface interactions and reactivity are of critical importance in current biomedical technologies, for example, satisfactory cell attachment and long term viability are essential for optimal in vitro tissue culture and for successful implantation and. (worktribe.com)
  • DUSP3/VHR, related to the vaccinia virus phosphatase VH1, is initially found to be a phosphatase that dephosphorylates multiple protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) in vitro [ 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)
  • The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the MAP kinase family. (wikipedia.org)
  • Two alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein, but differing in the UTRs, have been reported for this gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • What does this gene/protein do? (cancerindex.org)
  • What pathways are this gene/protein implicaed in? (cancerindex.org)
  • LEOPARD syndrome, also known as Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder most often caused by missense mutations in the PTPN11 gene, which encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] Molecular studies have proven that LEOPARD syndrome and Noonan syndrome are allelic disorders caused by different missense mutations in PTPN11, a gene encoding the protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 located at band 12q24.1. (medscape.com)
  • Previous study on Trim8 showed it is implicated in various pathological processes, including inflammation, autophagy and cancer [ 8 - 10 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
  • Activated inflammatory cel s, in- persistent inflammation cluding neutrophils and macrophag- es, produce reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. (who.int)
  • Hydrogen peroxide does not function downstream of salicylic acid in the induction of PR protein expression. (springer.com)
  • Multiple signal transduction pathways are affected downstream from EDNRA/B. In the case of interaction of EDNs with EDNRA, a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein becomes activated and promotes stimulation of phospholipase C, resulting in the transactivation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway [ 13 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Transforming growth factor-β activated kinase-1 (TAK1) is a member of the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAP3K) family that regulates several signaling pathways including NF-κB signal transduction and p38 activation. (rcsb.org)
  • Tao Q, Tianyu W, Jiangqiao Z, Zhongbao C, Xiaoxiong M, Long Z, Jilin Z. Tripartite Motif 8 Deficiency Relieves Hepatic Ischaemia/reperfusion Injury via TAK1-dependent Signalling Pathways. (ijbs.com)
  • Mechanistically, our study suggests that Trim8 deficiency may elicit hepatic protective effects by inhibiting the activation of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1)-p38/JNK signalling pathways. (ijbs.com)
  • 1. Anastassiadis T, Deacon SW, Devarajan K, Ma H, Peterson JR. (2011) Comprehensive assay of kinase catalytic activity reveals features of kinase inhibitor selectivity. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • 2011) Regulation and function of TPL-2, an IκB kinase-regulated MAP kinase kinase kinase. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • Apoptosis is central to the interaction between pathogenic mycobacteria and host macrophages. (edu.au)
  • This interaction triggeredproteasomal degradation of FLIPS, which promoted activation of caspase-8 and apoptosis. (edu.au)
  • Specify the components and their interactions and set up cluding proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, embryonic the system of equations. (lu.se)
  • Although several lines of evidence also suggest important interactions of ErbB and Src family kinase signaling in normal epithelial cells, little is known about the mechanism of this interaction. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Tight junctions (TJ) are multi-protein complexes that hold epithelial cells together and form structural and functional barriers for maintaining proper biological activities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • During EMT, the strong AJs formed by E-cadherin are replaced by weak N-cadherin interaction, allowing epithelial cells to escape from the homotypic interactions that tie them to adjacent cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Upon activation, this kinase translocates to the nucleus of the stimulated cells, where it phosphorylates nuclear targets. (wikipedia.org)
  • Once activated, p38 phosphorylates a number of targets, including the nuclear transcription factors ATF2 and Max. (rndsystems.com)
  • Once activated, p38 alpha phosphorylates a number of targets, including the cytoplasmic kinases MNK 4 and PRAK5 and the nuclear transcription factors ATF2 1 and STAT1. (rndsystems.com)
  • Tubulin, at nanomolar concentrations, transactivated Gαq by the direct transfer of a GTP analog and potentiated carbachol-activated PLCβ 1 . (jneurosci.org)
  • Leptin inhibits proliferation of breast cancer cells at supraphysiological concentrations by inhibiting mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. (worktribe.com)
  • Cytoskeletal proteins appear to be involved in the control of intracellular signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • In my laboratory researchers are examining the roles played by axonal cytoskeletal proteins in nervous system development, and in the etiology of Alzheimer's and other related neurodegenerative diseases. (uml.edu)
  • This pathway led tophosphorylation of FLIPS, which facilitated its interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase c-Cbl. (edu.au)
  • Tripartite motif (Trim) 8 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase, interacting with and ubiquitinating diverse substrates, and is closely involved in innate immunity. (ijbs.com)
  • Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors are intracellular signaling proteins. (nih.gov)
  • It is also related to increased adiponectin (APN) expression associated with adipocyte differentiation, as well as the expression of adipogenic genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ( PPAR) ( 22 , 23 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • These observations presented a spatial and temporal resolution of the sequence of events underlying receptor-evoked involvement of tubulin in G-protein-mediated signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • Human cytomegalovirus G protein-coupled receptor US28 promotes latency by attenuating c-fos. (uc.edu)
  • For example, activation of ERK1/2 by growth factors depends on the MAPKKK c-Raf, but other MAPKKKs may activate ERK1/2 in response to pro-inflammatory stimuli. (wikipathways.org)
  • Trim8 promotes K63-linked polyubiquitination of transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), leading to the activation of TAK1 and enhanced inflammatory responses in Pseudomonas aeruginosa induced keratitis [ 9 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • Risperidone upregulates fatty acid synthase (FASN) and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1) expression in hepatocyte cultures and mouse liver by targeting the hepatic SREBP-1c/FASN couple, which is also one of the mechanisms by which risperidone induces weight gain ( 24 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Glucocorticoid and cytokine crosstalk: Feedback, feedforward, and co-regulatory interactions determine repression or resistance. (nationaljewish.org)
  • Our study revealed that DUSP3 is an important TJ regulatory protein and its decrease may be involved in progression of epithelial cancers. (biomedcentral.com)
  • TJs, tightly fused regions between the outer membrane of adjacent cells, are formed by integral transmembrane proteins such as OCLN and claudins, anchoring proteins such as zonula occludens (ZO)1-3, and other TJ-associated/regulatory proteins [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • On the other hand, an increase in Ca 2+ induces eNOS translocation from the cell membrane to the cytosol or Golgi complex ( 8 ), where it is phosphorylated and fully activated by protein kinases that reside in caveolae, such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), cAMP-dependent protein kinase A, and 5′ AMP-activated protein kinase ( 7 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • [ 9 ] Because the vast majority of mutations reside in and around the broad intramolecular interaction surface between the N-SH2 and PTP domains of the PTPN11 protein, they have been suggested to affect the intramolecular N-SH2/PTP binding in the absence of a phosphopeptide, leading to excessive phosphatase activities. (medscape.com)
  • Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), an anchoring protein in the plasma membrane caveolae in ECs and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), attenuates endothelial NO production by occupying the calcium/calmodulin (Ca 2+ /CaM) binding site of eNOS ( 4 ) ( Fig. 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Because most tubulin is not membrane associated, this study investigates whether tubulin translocates to the membrane in response to an agonist so that it might regulate G-protein signaling. (jneurosci.org)
  • Role of Jun and Jun kinase in resistance of cancer cells to therapy. (jefferson.edu)
  • Scope includes mutations and abnormal protein expression. (cancerindex.org)
  • [ 11 ] They revealed that whereas Noonan syndrome is caused by gain-of-function PTPN11 mutations, LEOPARD syndrome mutants are catalytically defective and act as dominant negative mutations that interfere with growth factor/Erk-mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated signaling. (medscape.com)
  • Consequently, OncoBinder recognized high self-confidence interactions (annotated by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) or validated by low-throughput assays) better than co-expression centered method. (healthcarecoremeasures.com)
  • The annotation of the full genome sequence revealed the absence of genes encoding for a non-flagellar type 3 protein secretion system (NF-T3SS). (assignster.com)
  • A tissue microarray was used to study EDN3 protein expression in breast carcinoma (n = 150) and normal breast epithelium (n = 44). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Real‑time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analyses were used to detect SPRY2 expression and miR‑21 protein expression levels. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Proximity ligation assay, immunoblotting, and phosphatase assay were performed to study the effect of DUSP3 on the TJ protein occludin (OCLN). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Dual specificity phosphatase 3 (DUSP3), a suppressor of multiple protein tyrosine (Tyr) kinases, is decreased in lung cancer tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • of the liver, the kidney, and the lung (8). (lu.se)
  • Differential roles of JIP scaffold proteins in the modulation of amyloid precursor protein metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • 2004) S6K1(−/−)/S6K2(−/−) mice exhibit perinatal lethality and rapamycin-sensitive 5′-terminal oligopyrimidine mRNA translation and reveal a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent S6 kinase pathway. (concordia.ca)
  • The ErbB inhibitor PD158780 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor U0126 also markedly inhibited NHK proliferation, migration, and amphiregulin production. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Tripartite motif (Trim) 8, a member of the Trim family, is defined by the presence of a common domain structure composed of a tripartite motif that includes a RING-finger domain, one or two B-box domains, and a coiled-coil motif. (ijbs.com)
  • Effects of geldanamycin on signaling through activator-protein 1 in hypoxic HT29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells. (jefferson.edu)
  • The SPRY2 protein contains 315 human amino acid residues (35 kDa), with the C-terminal residues 178-282 being rich in cysteine. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • strong class="kwd-title" Keywords: biological timing, circadian system, infradian rhythms, ultradian rhythms, interaction, mathematical model Biological Timing Biological mechanisms that account for temporal info are ubiquitous and needed for physiology and behavior. (healthyconnectionsinc.com)
  • Due to its significant biological effects ( 5 - 8 ), SPRY2 has become a research hotspot. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Rapid and transient activation of myelin basic protein kinase in tobacco leaves treated with hairpin from Erwinia amylovora . (springer.com)