• The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are essential for the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. (nih.gov)
  • MCM2 a mini-chromosome maintenance protein, essential for the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. (affbiotech.com)
  • Linear eukaryotic chromosomes contain specialized protective structures at the chromosome ends, called telomeres, which are essential for maintaining genome stability. (ubc.ca)
  • Here, we show that the nuclear genomes of three strains of Anaeramoeba encode between 45 and 103 inteins, in stark contrast to four found in the most intein-rich eukaryotic genome described previously. (lu.se)
  • Fluorescently-tagged proteins are ideal reporters for studying the physiological status of living cells. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Protein diffusion plays a crucial role in determining what function a protein serves within the cell and how, when and where it may physically interact with other proteins and macromolecules in response to external stimuli. (uni-marburg.de)
  • The Courtney lab studies influenza A virus-host interactions with a focus on post-transcriptional regulation of viral RNA by host proteins. (google.com)
  • The eukaryotic cell cycle is controlled by a network of interacting regulatory proteins. (fhcrc.org)
  • We tested interactions between Drosophila cyclins and a panel of hundreds of previously identified proteins. (fhcrc.org)
  • Our results demonstrate that interaction mating assays using large informative panels of proteins can aid the analysis of regulatory networks by generating and constraining hypotheses that guide further work. (fhcrc.org)
  • One of the functions of the FtsZ ring is to recruit other cell division proteins to the septum to produce a new cell wall between the dividing cells. (proteopedia.org)
  • Recent breakthroughs have uncovered more and more DNA replication licensing machinery proteins (ORC, Cdc6, Cdt1, geminin, etc.) functioning in other cell cycle events, including centrosome replication, mitotic events, transcription and so on. (intechopen.com)
  • How the prokaryotic cell differs from the eukaryotic cell, focusing on genetics, aspects of surface structures and secreted proteins. (lu.se)
  • Characterisation of a cluster of genes encoding Theileria annulata AT hook DNA-binding proteins and evidence for localisation to the host cell nucleus. (lookformedical.com)
  • A 2014 study published by Trends in Cell Biology revealed that a natural decline in NAD+ may be directly linked to a decrease in sirtuin (proteins located in mitochondria that are associated with aging, cellular protection and regulation, and metabolism) activities. (medicinalherbals.net)
  • The reversible phosphorylation of proteins on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues represents a fundamental strategy used by eukaryotic organisms to regulate a host of biological functions, including DNA replication, cell cycle progression, energy metabolism, and cell growth and differentiation. (rupress.org)
  • Site-specific iterations of biological clues or cumulative issues Compared at other models in the F2 Mechanisms of Inorganic and Organometallic thrive for using the solution of the processes of these cells and network or cycle proteins and Modelling interactions about sufficient capsids and genes of PPT sites. (scoutconnection.com)
  • Telomere aggregates appeared to resolve upon cleavage of TRF1 proteins, suggesting that telomere associations result primarily from protein interactions mediated by TRF1. (ubc.ca)
  • Interactions between proteins and membranes are a vital part of cell functioning. (unifr.ch)
  • This raises the possibility of phosphorylation-mediated control of Pin1-substrate interactions in cell cycle regulation. (rcsb.org)
  • Dr David Courtney is the Principal Investigator in the Courtney Group, and with a talented group of research scientists and students, we aim to answer fundamental questions on the importance of post-transcriptional regulation of RNAs during the viral replication cycle of influenza A RNAs in eukaryotic cells. (google.com)
  • Because Cdi4 was originally identified by its ability to interact with a Drosophila cyclin-dependent kinase, the finding that it interacts with cyclin E strengthened the notion that it functions in cell cycle regulation. (fhcrc.org)
  • The CDK family of enzymes orchestrate the regulation of key eukaryotic cellular processes. (cancer-research-network.com)
  • The regulation of the ring assembly controls the timing and the location of cell division. (proteopedia.org)
  • 7) Human shugoshin 2 (Sgo2), a protector of meiotic cohesin with hitherto unknown function in somatic cells, represents a crucial second branch of anaphase regulation. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • 5] "Molecular Biology of the cells", B. Alberts et al. (sns.it)
  • Topics include basic concepts of botany, anatomy, morphology, physiology, taxonomy, ecology, cell biology, genetics and plant breeding, and tropical environment and effects of climatic factors on crop growth and development in the South Pacific. (usp.ac.fj)
  • How is each linked to specific organelles within the eukaryotic cell. (college-experts.com)
  • 2015). The eHCFM framework enables quantitative analysis of environmental cell structures, including shape, organelles, symbionts, and potentially expressed genes, across the full diversity of microbial eukaryotes. (embl.org)
  • In cells, lipids are stored in specialized organelles called lipid droplets (LDs) after esterification of their polar head with an additional hydrophobic chain. (unifr.ch)
  • Proper segregation of replicated chromosomes is essential for cell division in all organisms. (ubc.ca)
  • Symbiosis has played a role in major evolutionary transitions including the origin of eukaryotes, the complex organisms that contain a cell nucleus, such as fungi, plants and animals. (nioz.nl)
  • Though invisible to our naked eye, unicellular organisms comprise the largest part of cells on Earth", says Spang. (nioz.nl)
  • Other mechanisms may include the activity of HDIs to induce cell differentiation, thus acting to "mature" some of the de-differentiated cells found in tumors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Describe basic mechanisms in microbe-host interactions. (ntnu.edu)
  • While the contribution of these mechanisms to cell and tissue identity is widely accepted, their role in physiological and pathological contexts within tissues is just beginning to be appreciated. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Both FtsZ and tubulin are known to pass through cycles of polymerization and depolymerization, but the structural mechanisms underlying this cycle remain to be determined. (proteopedia.org)
  • These models are the Mechanisms of Inorganic of using C31 cells in Eukaryotic sites for diameter and transfection of same p+2K+1× as they have solid importance on the nucleoside of regression conserved to irreversible data. (scoutconnection.com)
  • 11) as it is a eukaryotic Mechanisms for this time. (scoutconnection.com)
  • Transmembrane and intracellular signal transduction mechanisms are the focus of our group, especially understanding how extracellular stimuli control cell growth and division, cell morphology, and gene expression at the biochemical level. (berkeley.edu)
  • We investigated control mechanisms that regulate the activity, localization, and stability of Wee1, especially the bud neck-localized protein kinase Hsl1 and its more distant paralogs (Gin4 and Kcc4), in particular their recruitment to septin filaments, which assemble at the presumptive site of cell division. (berkeley.edu)
  • Typical applications include single-cell measurements of gene expression, analysis of transcriptional reporters, and cell cycle studies in prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Give an overview of eukaryotic microorganisms. (ntnu.edu)
  • Communicate the role of microorganisms in biogeochemical cycles, and human impact on the carbon and nitrogen cycles. (ntnu.edu)
  • Bacteria are microorganisms that have circular double-stranded DNA and (except for mycoplasmas) cell walls. (msdmanuals.com)
  • p38γ regulates the localisation of SAP97 in the cytoskeleton by modulating its interaction with GKAP. (nature.com)
  • In this chapter, we mainly discuss the coordination regulations between DNA replication initiation and other cell cycle events that ensure genomic integrity. (intechopen.com)
  • DNA replication occurs once and only once per cell cycle mainly regulated by DNA replication initiation factors in eukaryotic cells. (intechopen.com)
  • The protein directly interacts with eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), which is a limiting component of the multisubunit complex that recruits 40S ribosomal subunits to the 5' end of mRNAs. (assaygenie.com)
  • The capsid-coat protein serves multiple functions, including (1) protecting the viral RNA from degradation by environmental RNase, (2) determining host and tissue tropism by recognition of cell-specific cell-membrane receptors, (3) penetrating target cells and delivering the viral RNA into the cell cytoplasm, and (4) selecting and packaging viral RNA. (medscape.com)
  • Protein-protein interactions in living cells are monitored in a quantitative time- and space-resolved fashion by the microscopy-based Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) approach. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Role of microbes in biogeochemical cycles Physiological experiments and quantitative microbial analysis. (ntnu.edu)
  • The Draviam lab aims to understand the molecular principles that govern cell division and the consequence of its failure when cells transition between states during differentiation. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • These annotations have been derived from physical molecular interaction evidence extracted from the literature and cross-referenced in the entry, or by curator inference from information on homologs in closely related species or by inference from scientific background. (yeastgenome.org)
  • We investigate how the virus interacts with the host at a molecular level, and whether these interactions are conserved across multiple species. (google.com)
  • The results illuminate the molecular mechanism of a critical biochemical step in the licensing of eukaryotic replication origins. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Bacterial genetics and evolution are discussed in relation to infection and interaction with the host. (lu.se)
  • About 2 billion years ago, a symbiosis between at least one bacterium and one partner from the group of archaea is thought to have led to the origin of the eukaryotic cell. (nioz.nl)
  • Van ruim 3,4 tot ongeveer 2 miljard jaar geleden bestond het leven op aarde twee groepen micro-organismen: de Bacteriën en de Archaea. (nioz.nl)
  • Ongeveer 2 miljard jaar geleden zou een symbiose tussen ten minste één bacterie en één partner uit de groep van de archaea hebben geleid tot het ontstaan van de eukaryote cel. (nioz.nl)
  • Describe the structure of an eukaryotic cell, and the central processes in cell division. (ntnu.edu)
  • What has been the importance and significance of these processes and their cyclic interaction to the evolution and diversity of life? (college-experts.com)
  • NAD can also be defined as a pyridine nucleotide, which functions as a highly important cofactor in the soluble phase of essential reduction-oxidation processes in all living cells. (medicinalherbals.net)
  • Without NAD, many eukaryotic cells cannot carry out their life-supporting processes at all. (medicinalherbals.net)
  • Currently, the main focus of the lab is to understand how specific lipids and membrane properties influence intracellular trafficking processes and fat storage in eukaryotic cells. (unifr.ch)
  • By combining coarse grain MD simulations and biochemical and cellular experiments, we investigate how membrane properties modulate remodelling processes and how this might influence cell functioning. (unifr.ch)
  • The precise regulations of pre-RC protein levels and assembly are effective ways to prevent reassembly of de novo MCM2-7 onto the replicated origins to re-license and re-replicate the genomic DNA in the subsequent phases of the same cell cycle ( Figure 1) . (intechopen.com)
  • Together with MSD, the project aims to focus on developing AI methods to track iPSC (induced Pluripotent Stem Cells) differentiation to neural precursors, astrocytes and neurons. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • During the process of differentiation, quiescence and senescence are two cell dormancy states with distinct cell fates and transcriptomic statuses. (qmul.ac.uk)
  • Transcription factors (TFs) are critical for B-cell differentiation, affecting gene expression both by repres- sion and transcriptional activation. (lu.se)
  • In this study, highly purified, flow-cytometry sorted, classified in relation to normal B-cell differentiation [1]. (lu.se)
  • TSA inhibits the eukaryotic cell cycle during the beginning of the growth stage. (wikipedia.org)
  • Interaction of this protein with eIF4E inhibits complex assembly and represses translation. (assaygenie.com)
  • Flow cytometry is a laser-based technology that allows the simultaneous measurement of fluorescence in single cells at different wavelengths reporting the cellular concentration of several fluorescently-tagged molecules, and of other physical or biological parameters such as cell size or granularity in a statistically robust fashion. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Cellular respiration and photosynthesis form a critical cycle of energy and matter that supports the continued existence of life on earth. (college-experts.com)
  • Describe the stages of cellular respiration and photosynthesis and their interaction and interdependence including raw materials, products, and amount of ATP or glucose produced during each phase. (college-experts.com)
  • Several different types of dehydrogenases, which are enzymes that catalyze cellular respiration and essential metabolic reactions, must utilize NAD(+/H) in a variety of activities, from the breakdown of sugars and fats via glycolysis to the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (medicinalherbals.net)
  • These interactions, also referred to as the interactome , embody a complex network of functional pathways that closely work together to modulate the cellular machinery. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here we show, building on work connecting replicator dynamics with Bayesian methods, that (i) evolution of a hierarchical population under multilevel selection is equivalent to inference in hierarchical Bayesian models, and (ii) evolutionary transitions in individuality, driven by synergistic fitness interactions, is equivalent hierarchical structures via Bayesian model comparisons. (naturalgenesis.net)
  • We also studied the roles of other classes of protein kinases (Cla4) and additional post-translational modifications (SUMOylation) in septin complex assembly, formation of different septin-based supramolecular ensembles, disassembly of septin-containing structures, and the function of septin organization in the events required for cell division and membrane septation during cytokinesis. (berkeley.edu)
  • Cell membranes are continually remodelled to achieve communication between intracellular compartments and to selectively exchange materials between them. (unifr.ch)
  • The cell cycle is a tightly regulated process that is controlled by the conserved cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-cyclin protein complex 1 . (nature.com)
  • Here we demonstrate that p38 MAPK gamma (p38γ) acts as a CDK-like kinase and thus cooperates with CDKs, regulating entry into the cell cycle. (nature.com)
  • The protein interaction landscape of the human CMGC kinase group. (nature.com)
  • In MDA-MB-231 cells, SR-4835 can reduce the expression of a cast of DDR genes due to its inhibition of CDK12/13 kinase activity. (cancer-research-network.com)
  • The Wee1 class of protein-tyrosine kinase has an important role in cell cycle control. (berkeley.edu)
  • One suggested mechanism is that TSA promotes the expression of apoptosis-related genes, leading to cancerous cells surviving at lower rates, thus slowing the progression of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
  • The following is also discussed: the basic principles of the development, structure and replication cycle of viruses in relation to infection and immune response. (lu.se)
  • C, The role of dendritic cells in capturing microbial antigens from epithelia and - The morphology and functions of dendritic cells (DC). (powershow.com)
  • Three mitochondrial metabolic pathways are required for efficient energy production in eukaryotic cells: the electron transfer chain (ETC), fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO), and the tricarboxylic acid cycle. (oroboros.at)
  • Using cryo-electron microscopy and biochemical analysis we discovered that an interaction between the HBRCT domain of Dbf4 with Mcm2 serves as an anchoring point, which supports binding of DDK across the MCM2-7 double-hexamer interface and phosphorylation of Mcm4 on the opposite hexamer. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • It will be linked to other microscopy approaches available at the Roscoff Imaging Core Facility (e.g. light and electron microscopes, videomicroscope, confocal macroscope), and to various single-cell omics (e.g. (embl.org)
  • The human rotamase or peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase Pin1 is a conserved mitotic regulator essential for the G2/M transition of the eukaryotic cell cycle. (rcsb.org)
  • We used an interaction mating two-hybrid assay to identify connections within the cell cycle regulatory network in Drosophila. (fhcrc.org)
  • We also observed telomere aggregates, mitotic bypass, and TRF1 bridges persisting into the following cell cycle. (ubc.ca)
  • BACKGROUND: Circulating tumour cells (CTCs), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are minimally invasive liquid biopsy biomarkers. (bvsalud.org)
  • NAD may also inhibit the production of PARP1, an enzyme essential to DNA repair and transcription, which is considered a possibly effective treatment in the desensitization of tumour cells to chemotherapy-induced stress. (medicinalherbals.net)
  • Next to that Spang aims to shed light on the impact of recently discovered archaeal symbionts on the diversification of life and on the functioning of biogeochemical nutrient cycles. (nioz.nl)
  • Protein diffusion in living cells is effectively measured by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS), a fluctuation-based approach that allows to carry out measurements at a physiological protein expression level. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) also binds separase but the physiological role of this interaction remains enigmatic. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • Recent work in the field-based on linear control theory-suggests that the controllability of complex systems can be predicted solely from the graph of interactions between variables, without considering their dynamics. (indiana.edu)
  • Protein phosphorylation can regulate enzyme function, mediate protein-protein interactions, alter subcellular localization, and control protein stability. (rupress.org)
  • The S. cerevisiae ORC binds to specific DNA sequences throughout the cell cycle but becomes active only when it binds to the replication initiator Cdc6. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Simultaneous activity of both enzymes only occurs when cells rush through mitosis due to pathological loss of the SAC. (uni-bayreuth.de)
  • In our instrument, up to thirteen fluorescence channels can be monitored in parallel for every single cell, in thousands of cells per second. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Imaging-based fluorescence experiments, on the other hand, allow us to get more insights into living cells, e.g., by measuring protein properties such as interactions or diffusion. (uni-marburg.de)
  • Light-matter interaction: fundamentals (also quantum mechanics) and setups for absorption, fluorescence, Raman, and multiphoton excitation. (sns.it)
  • To determine the effect of TRF1 protein levels on telomere associations, we used live-cell fluorescence microscopy to visualize telomeres and chromosome dynamics in cells expressing defined levels of TRF1. (ubc.ca)
  • San A, Palmieri D, Saxena A, Singh S. In silico study predicts a key role of RNA-binding domains 3 and 4 in nucleolin-miRNA interactions. (cuny.edu)
  • FtsZ is a prokaryotic homologue of the eukaryotic cytoskeletal protein tubulin and plays a central role in prokaryotic cell division. (proteopedia.org)
  • Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. (lookformedical.com)
  • Overall, this project will bring fundamental knowledge on the structure and dynamics of environmental eukaryotic symbioses, and their role in ecosystem structuring/patterning. (embl.org)
  • T cruzi can also be transmitted when mammalian hosts ingest infected insects, and this mechanism of transmission may play a major role in maintaining the sylvatic cycle. (medscape.com)
  • The T cruzi life cycle consists of 3 main developmental forms. (medscape.com)
  • ii) describe and measure how these symbioses are established, persist, and fluctuate along seasonal cycles. (embl.org)
  • The active ATPase sites in the MCM2-7 ring are formed through the interaction surfaces of two neighboring subunits such that a critical structure of a conserved arginine finger motif is provided in trans relative to the ATP-binding site of the Walker A box of the adjacent subunit. (nih.gov)
  • Interactions with other relevant participants such as small molecules (purple), sub-complexes (yellow), and other subunits (red) are also shown. (yeastgenome.org)
  • The interactions between these microbes can have major environmental impacts to global geochemical carbon, nitrogen and sulfur cycles. (lu.se)
  • Moreover, the interactions between these microbes in the anaerobic digestive tracts of animals can have major health and veterinary consequences. (lu.se)
  • Kraft lignin, a by-product from the production of pulp, is currently incinerated in the recovery boiler during the chemical recovery cycle, generating valuable bioenergy and recycling inorganic chemicals to the pulping process operation. (lu.se)
  • Although previous studies have suggested functional interaction between FAO and the ETC, their physical interaction has never been demonstrated. (oroboros.at)
  • B-cell lymphomas (BCLs) constitute a diverse set of tially identify new functional, diagnostic, and therapeutic tumors, both morphologically and clinically, that are mainly targets. (lu.se)
  • Optical tweezers quantify FACT/subdomain binding to nucleosomes, displacing the outer wrap of DNA, disrupting direct DNA-histone (core site) interactions, altering the energy landscape of unwrapping, and increasing the kinetics of DNA-histone disruption. (elsevierpure.com)
  • 15 ) suggested that the pVir plasmid is important in vitro for both adherence and invasion of intestinal epithelial cells in culture. (cdc.gov)
  • The endosymbiotic acquisition of mitochondria and plastids more than one billion years ago was central for the evolution of eukaryotic life. (frontiersin.org)
  • Microbe-host interactions. (ntnu.edu)
  • Our goal is to use our understanding of influenza virus-host interactions to advance our knowledge of the virus and develop new tools for combatting it. (google.com)
  • Despite the more recent origin of the chromatophore, it shows tight integration into the host cell. (frontiersin.org)
  • Obligate intracellular pathogens are able to grow, reproduce, and cause disease only within the cells of the host. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Facultative intracellular pathogens are able to live and reproduce either inside or outside of host cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Amastigotes multiply intracellularly until the host cell is overwhelmed, at which point they transform into bloodstream trypomastigotes. (medscape.com)
  • As the host cells rupture, the trypomastigotes are released into the lymphatics and bloodstream, through which they spread to distant sites and invade new host cells. (medscape.com)
  • FTSZ_BACSU ] Essential cell division protein that forms a contractile ring structure (Z ring) at the future cell division site. (proteopedia.org)
  • Flagella have the same basic structure as CILIA but are longer in proportion to the cell bearing them and present in much smaller numbers. (lookformedical.com)
  • The hydrophobic tails, however, also serve as a reservoir of metabolic energy, undergoing beta-oxidation in the Krebs cycle. (unifr.ch)
  • E6 and Metabolic syndrome and risks of colon and rectal renal cell carcinoma. (who.int)