• Cell biology research extends to both the great diversities of single-celled organisms like bacteria and the complex specialized cells in multicellular organisms like humans. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell biology can be described as all of the following: Branch of science - A systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell biology - (formerly cytology) The study of cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cellular differentiation - A concept in developmental biology whereby less specialized cells become a more specialized cell type in multicellular organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is this interaction cascade, often challenging to measure and analyse in biotic interactions, that has been the target of model development across disciplines and research areas from predators foraging on prey and pathogen spread in animal ecology to wound healing and cancer growth in cell biology. (newton.ac.uk)
  • By cross-fertilising different ideas and techniques in animal ecology and cell biology we aim to gain a more realistic perspective on measurement and representation of organism interactions, revisiting existing concepts, and permitting new discoveries and insights. (newton.ac.uk)
  • All cancers are marked by some form of DNA replication gone awry, so a basic understanding of DNA replication is of paramount importance to those designing cancer-fighting drugs," said lead author Yousif Shamoo, assistant professor of biochemistry and cell biology. (news-medical.net)
  • Researchers in the lab of Dominique Bergmann , the Shirley R. and Leonard W. Ely, Jr. Professorship in the School of Humanities and Sciences professor of biology, began this work by investigating polarity complexes - little clusters of proteins that are critical in each cell to build leaves of the proper size and shape. (stanford.edu)
  • Our division is working to understand the underlying biology of ubiquitin-mediated processes in cells, with a particular focus on those associated with human diseases. (edu.au)
  • Nature Cell Biology, 7 (1), 42 - 47. (up.pt)
  • Journal of Cell Biology, 167 (5), 831 - 840. (up.pt)
  • This module provides an up to date understanding of how fundamental research in bacterial cell biology helps to elucidate central biological questions such as the control and regulation of cell division and of gene expression in bacteria. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • The lecture sequence will comprise of a module introduction followed by lectures on specific aspects of bacterial cell biology. (ncl.ac.uk)
  • We integrate structural biology methods, including NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy and protein X-ray crystallography, to study the protein-protein interactions underpinning cell division regulation. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • We will focus on candidate novel components involved in asymmetric cell division and polarity establishment, and on proteins with human homologs that are implicated in disease. (europa.eu)
  • These cells primarily produce interferon (IFN)-γ and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) that, respectively, activate macrophages and direct cytotoxic CD8 + T cell responses, that in turn promote elimination of intracellular pathogens such as viruses and bacteria ( 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • multicellular interactions, including intracellular and Addresses intercellular biochemical signaling. (lu.se)
  • These networks perform numerous functions that are essential for cell division and for maintaining the integrity of cytoplasm required for intracellular transport and cell shape. (cas.cz)
  • Work across many laboratories is geared toward elucidating the genetics behind cancer, discovering cellular mechanisms that lead to cancer, and elucidating intracellular and intercellular interactions that allow this progression. (medscape.com)
  • We show that the intracellular domain of stem cell marker CD44 (CD44ICD) is released at hypoxia, binds HIF-2α (but not HIF-1α), enhances HIF target gene activation, and is required for hypoxia-induced stemness in glioma. (lu.se)
  • In addition to working on specific biological systems, e.g. in bacterial cell division, we are developing methods for measurement, data analysis and simulation of interactions. (bbk.ac.uk)
  • Biomacromolecule structure and function including DNA, membrane proteins and fibrous proteins including application to bacterial cell division. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • Arkill, K.P. "Direct detection and measurement of wall shear stress using a filamentous bio-nanoparticle" Nano Research, 2015 , 54, 3803−3813 DOI: 10.1007/s12274-015-0831-xA model of membrane contraction predicting initiation and completion of bacterial cell division, E. Dow, C.E. (warwick.ac.uk)
  • TBC1D15-NuMA1 association impaired asymmetric division machinery by hijacking NuMA from LGN binding, thereby favoring TIC self-renewal. (nature.com)
  • The nanotube bundles are similar to the potential of nanotubes to induce genetic damage size of microtubules that form the mitotic spindle in normal lung cells, cultured primary and immor- and may be incorporated into the mitotic spindle talized human airway epithelial cells were apparatus. (cdc.gov)
  • The consistent inability of cells to recognize RNA transcripts possessing GORS extended to downstream differences from unstructured transcripts in expression of TNF-α, other interferon-stimulated genes and induction of apoptosis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • C. elegans is a popular experimental model that combines transparency, reproducible anatomy, traceable cell lineage, sequenced genome and facile genetics, allowing to dissect animal development, physiology, and behaviour across scales of genes, cells and tissues. (embl.org)
  • The course lectures and practical modules develop in three axes of genes, cells, tissues. (embl.org)
  • The locus of the psl polysacchide genes encode the cells to adhere to a surface and thus maintaining the biofilm structure. (ukessays.com)
  • Scientists were initially interested in somatic-cell nuclear transfer as a means of determining whether genes remain functional even after most of them have been switched off as the cells in a developing organism assume their specialized functions as blood cells, muscle cells, and so forth. (who.int)
  • The fact that the DNA of a fully differentiated (adult) cell could be stimulated to revert to a condition comparable to that of a newly fertilized egg and to repeat the process of embryonic development demonstrates that all the genes in differentiated cells retain their functional capacity, although only a few are active. (who.int)
  • Loss of cell division cycle‑associated 5 promotes cell apoptosis by activating DNA damage response in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. (nih.gov)
  • Silencing oncogene cell division cycle associated 5 induces apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of non-small cell lung cancer cells via p53-p21 signaling pathway. (nih.gov)
  • Downregulation of CDCA5 Can Inhibit Cell Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion, and Induce Apoptosis of Prostate Cancer Cells. (nih.gov)
  • Resveratrol could play a toxic role through inducing apoptosis of the cancer cell in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. (mdpi.com)
  • Although interactions with host innate and adaptive responses are complex and persistence mechanisms likely multi-factorial, we previously observed associations between bioinformatically predicted RNA secondary formation in genomes of positive-stranded RNA viruses with their in vivo fitness and persistence. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Describe basic mechanisms in microbe-host interactions. (ntnu.edu)
  • Using the early embryonic divisions of the ascidian Phallusia mammillata as a model to investigate mechanisms of unequal cell division, this study convincingly demonstrates that cell shape and cortical domains are cooperating, rather than competing, in order to establish cell size asymmetry, a significant conceptual advance for the field. (elifesciences.org)
  • of the most critical events which lead to tissue patterning involves mechanisms going beyond single cells. (lu.se)
  • The Mechanisms of Regulation of Cell Division Group (MRCDG) undertakes both basic and applied research in the field of cell division control. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • We are interested in the study of the underlying molecular mechanisms of higher organisms that ensure the proper segregation of the genetic material upon cell division. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • [ 6 ] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
  • This bridges a divide, showing how replication at the molecular level can be used to drive macroscale droplet fission. (nature.com)
  • Researchers looked at inflammatory breast cancer cells and found the gene RhoC interacts with the cell's machinery at a molecular level to regulate how it produces energy. (phys.org)
  • Through metabolomics we can describe exactly what is happening at the molecular level even if we do not know exactly all the connections between the signaling proteins in the cell," Merajver says. (phys.org)
  • Traditional bioinformatics methods including gene ontology (GO) and pathways enrichment analyses of DEGs combined protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and cytohubber calculating software as well as Molecular Complex Detection (MCODE) analysis were used to analyze the key gene and pathway. (hindawi.com)
  • We knew those proteins were involved in division, but we didn't know how they controlled the process at the molecular level. (stanford.edu)
  • Together, these findings suggested that Homer3 in Purkinje cells might function as a reversible coupler regulated by CaMKII phosphorylation and that the phosphorylation is capable of regulating the postsynaptic molecular architecture in response to synaptic activity. (jneurosci.org)
  • These results suggest that the phosphorylation may regulate postsynaptic molecular architecture and Ca 2+ signaling of Purkinje cells in response to synaptic activity. (jneurosci.org)
  • The goal of the new project is to make efficient solar cells from molecular semiconductors through improved processing technology and better understanding of how the fundamental molecular interactions govern the structure in these functional materials. (lu.se)
  • In healthy cells, p21 binds strongly with PCNA to prevent the cells from making copies of DNA until the genetic damage is repaired. (news-medical.net)
  • The concept expands on personalized medicine and genetic sequencing to include personalized metabolomics - a process in which treatments could be prescribed based on how much of certain chemicals are produced in cancer cells . (phys.org)
  • We are using C. elegans as a model system because it is a relatively simple, tractable multicellular organism, and powerful genetic tools are available to study components of interaction networks in vivo. (europa.eu)
  • This is the multihit theory of tumorigenesis, in which a series of multiple triggering events in the genetic and cellular makeup of a cell ultimately cause cancer. (medscape.com)
  • if it implants and the pregnancy goes to term, the resulting individual will carry the same nuclear genetic material as the donor of the adult somatic cell. (who.int)
  • However, an animal created through this technique would not be a precise genetic copy of the source of its nuclear DNA because each clone derives a small amount of its DNA from the mitochondria of the egg (which lie outside the nucleus) rather than from the donor of cell nucleus. (who.int)
  • A new study explains how cancer cells use energy to fuel this switch between motion and proliferation. (phys.org)
  • Pharmacological experiments show that Nogo-66/NgR1 interaction reduces the proliferation of NSCs. (jneurosci.org)
  • The latter findings point to the participation of Nogo-A/NgR1 signaling in the regulation of other aspects of growth, such as tissue expansion or turnover by cell proliferation. (jneurosci.org)
  • A mutation in this gene resulting in reduced cell proliferation, and impaired cell motility and polarity, and has been identified in patients with primary microcephaly. (cancerindex.org)
  • Cellular respiration - The metabolic reactions and processes that take place in a cell or across the cell membrane to convert biochemical energy from fuel molecules into adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and then release the cell's waste products. (wikipedia.org)
  • The study of interactions among living entities covers broad scientific domains, ranging from molecules and cells through individual organisms and groups to species, populations and communities. (newton.ac.uk)
  • In this study, we revealed that Homer3 was phosphorylated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in Purkinje cells, and the phosphorylation reduces the affinity for Homer target molecules, resulting in change of the solubility. (jneurosci.org)
  • The term applies not only to entire organisms but also to copies of molecules (such as DNA) and cells. (who.int)
  • Meanwhile, lectures by internationally established researchers will present a variety of C. elegans research topics, spanning studies of the genome and epigenome, through cell cycle and death, to tissue specification, connectivity and function. (embl.org)
  • CD4 + T cells are enriched in lesional tissue from patients with CD and UC and blockade or depletion of CD4 + T is effective in treating patients with IBD. (frontiersin.org)
  • While studying cell behavior in such 3D matrices will provide valuable insights for the mechanobiology and tissue engineering communities, no experimental approaches have yet measured cell tractions in a fibrous 3D matrix. (caltech.edu)
  • Recent advances in live imaging and genetics of mammalian division, movement and cell differentiation leading to development which integrate observations of biochemical tissue formation [14 ]. (lu.se)
  • Part 1: The group will design a biosensing assay with a recognition element that either is based on the interaction of the analyte with an enzyme, antibody, DNA/RNA or cells/tissue. (lu.se)
  • Cyclin dependent-kinase 2 (CDK2) plays important functions during the mitotic cell cycle and also facilitates several key events during germ cell development. (lu.se)
  • Module analysis revealed that TAD was associated with significant pathways including cell cycle, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes. (hindawi.com)
  • MIT researchers have designed a new type of probe that can image thousands of interactions between proteins inside a living cell, giving them a tool to untangle the web of signaling pathways that control most of a cell's activities. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Multicellular - Organisms consisting of more than one cell and having differentiated cells that perform specialized functions. (wikipedia.org)
  • When a cell switches state from one cell type to another, it undergoes cellular differentiation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Finally, a number of biologics that target CD4 + T cell differentiation into inflammatory subsets or their byproducts (i.e., cytokines) have shown efficacy in treating patients with IBD ( 5 - 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Interleukin (IL)-12, which is secreted by antigen-presenting cells, acts via signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)4 to promote the differentiation of naïve T cells into Th1 cells ( 9 - 11 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • STAT4 also signals activation of the TF T-bet, a lineage-defining factor for Th1 differentiation, which upregulates the IL-12 receptor, IFN-γ expression, and causes further expansion of Th1 cells (Figure 1 ) ( 12 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Critical factors in the differentiation of effector Th cells during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). (frontiersin.org)
  • CD80/86-CD28 interaction and others), these signals initiate a program of cell division and differentiation. (frontiersin.org)
  • Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23, cytokines induced during early stages of IBD, play important roles in differentiation of interferon (IFN)-γ/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-producing Th1 cells as well as IL-17-producing Th17 cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Neuronal differentiation and cell-cycle programs mediate response to BET-bromodomain inhibition in MYC-driven medulloblastoma. (cancerindex.org)
  • The structure of PCNA containing the trump key, the PIP-box from a cell regulatory protein called p21, was solved by researchers at the Rockefeller University. (news-medical.net)
  • The researchers identified for the first time a connection between a cancer gene that controls motility and how cancer cells metabolize energy to move and divide so quickly. (phys.org)
  • In a new study published July 6 in Science , researchers at Stanford University found that plant cells also use the cytoskeleton. (stanford.edu)
  • Because of the conserved nature of the proteins involved, the interaction network and future results derived from it will be valuable not only to C. elegans researchers but to researchers in other fields as well. (europa.eu)
  • A combination of senior and junior speakers will ensure a balanced view of pioneer breakthroughs and recent advances in the topics presented as well as the students' interactions with researchers of different topics and career levels. (embl.org)
  • The new technique allows researchers to tag proteins with probes that link together like puzzle pieces if the proteins interact inside a cell. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The researchers tested their probes on two signaling proteins involved in suppression of the immune system, and on two proteins that play a role in cell division. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In the adult mammalian subventricular zone (SVZ), GFAP-positive neural stem cells (NSCs) generate neuroblasts that migrate tangentially along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) toward the olfactory bulb (OB). (jneurosci.org)
  • This is consistent with a negative-feedback loop, in which newly generated neurons modulate cell division of SVZ stem cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • By systematically varying mitotic cell shape, we could modulate the effect of attractive and repulsive polarity domains and consequently generate predicted daughter cell size asymmetries and position. (elifesciences.org)
  • This technology allowed the authors to study protein dynamics within the stem cells of living plants. (stanford.edu)
  • During such overlap phases, interactions between drugs may influence the evolutionary dynamics. (mpg.de)
  • Still, little is known about differential HIF regulation in stem versus bulk glioma cells. (lu.se)
  • Our data indicate that the stem cell marker CD44 modulates the hypoxic response of glioma cells and that the pseudo-hypoxic phenotype of stem-like glioma cells is achieved by stabilization of HIF-2α through interaction with CD44, independently of oxygen. (lu.se)
  • 2006). The ultrastructure of the kinetochore and kinetochore fiber in Drosophila somatic cells . (up.pt)
  • Although cell shape often predicts spindle orientation, there are numerous examples where this is not the case in somatic cells ( Finegan and Bergstralh, 2019 ). (elifesciences.org)
  • This research could lead to applications where stem cell behavior could be tuned, for example, to alter plant architecture, or to help plants adjust to a changing climate," said Muroyama. (stanford.edu)
  • The FE model developed here has the potential to reveal the effects of matrix density, inhomogeneity, and anisotropy in signaling cell behavior through mechanotransduction. (caltech.edu)
  • Similar to ligand binding sites, interactions at a protein-protein interface may involve non-covalent bonds and hydrophobic forces. (jove.com)
  • To analyse this interactions functionally, we transfected fibroblasts with non-replicating, non-translated RNA transcripts from RNA viral genomes with differing degrees of genome-scale ordered RNA structure (GORS). (ox.ac.uk)
  • The forces cells apply to their surroundings control biological processes such as growth, adhesion, development, and migration. (caltech.edu)
  • Cell invasion into a 3D matrix is the first step required for cell migration in three dimensions. (caltech.edu)
  • The lipid bilayer is a critical component of the cell membrane. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
  • But both daughter cells require specific and different cellular materials to fulfill their destinies. (stanford.edu)
  • anical interactions at the cellular level. (lu.se)
  • Cellular Interactions (Incl. (edu.au)
  • This is the first study linking an oncogene involved in cancer cell motility to the metabolic processes necessary to carry out its orders to move and spread. (phys.org)
  • Understanding how stem cells divide in animals has been important for understanding various human diseases and has impacted translational medicines," said Muroyama. (stanford.edu)
  • I have a similar hope that improving our understanding of how stem cells divide in plants might inform engineering applications in the future. (stanford.edu)
  • Polarity complexes help dividing leaf stem cells orient themselves. (stanford.edu)
  • Stem cells use these polarity proteins to decide where to divide,' " said Muroyama. (stanford.edu)
  • Hypoxia-inducible factors enhance glioma stemness, and glioma stem cells have an amplified hypoxic response despite residing within a perivascular niche. (lu.se)
  • The draft interaction profile will undergo both internal and external peer review processes. (cdc.gov)
  • Many biological processes depend on protein-protein interactions. (jove.com)
  • Describe the structure of an eukaryotic cell, and the central processes in cell division. (ntnu.edu)
  • The 3D traction measurement approach is used to investigate how cells mechanically interact with the matrix in biologically relevant processes such as division and invasion. (caltech.edu)
  • Because of its mutated aggressive genetics, this cell has a selective growth advantage over its neighbors. (medscape.com)
  • Vital functions of an organism occur within cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Tissues - A collection of interconnected cells that perform a similar function within an organism. (wikipedia.org)
  • Thus, the interactions are evaluated in a qualitative manner to provide a sense of what influence the interactions may have when they do occur. (cdc.gov)
  • Most protein interactions occur between specific protein domains. (europa.eu)
  • The majority of CDK2's known meiotic functions occur during prophase of the first meiotic division. (lu.se)
  • Note how microtubules can grow into the polarized region but rapidly shrink back, creating a microtubule-depleted zone within the plant cell. (stanford.edu)
  • This functional association provides novel insights into interactions between virus and host early after infection and provides evidence for a novel mechanism for evading intrinsic and innate immune responses. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Cell - The structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell type - Distinct morphological or functional form of cell. (wikipedia.org)
  • Recently, promising candidates for corresponding homologous proteins have been identified in plants, although there is still lack of functional evidence for these interactions. (cas.cz)
  • New research at Rice University is allowing biochemists to understand a key hierarchy of protein interactions that occurs in DNA replication, showing for the first time how a key protein "trumps" its rivals and shuts down cell division while DNA repairs take place. (news-medical.net)
  • Therefore, if any of these cell lines or eggs support productive replication of SARS-CoV-2, then a validated procedure should be implemented to rule out the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the specimens before their inoculation. (cdc.gov)
  • We conducted this study to determine whether cell lines and eggs commonly used to isolate and propagate influenza viruses, poliovirus, and other human viruses can support productive replication of SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
  • TBC1D15-NOTCH1 interaction activated and stabilized NOTCH1 which upregulated transcription of NANOG essential for TIC expansion. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, both robust phosphorylation of Homer3 and its dissociation from metabotropic glutamate receptor 1α (mGluR1α) were triggered by depolarization in primary cultured Purkinje cells, and these events were inhibited by CaMKII inhibitor. (jneurosci.org)
  • Phosphorylation of PMS2 affects its interaction with MLH1 to. (lu.se)
  • Michelle L. Wynn et al, RhoC is a Potent Regulator of Glutamine Metabolism and N-acetylaspartate Production in Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells, Journal of Biological Chemistry (2016). (phys.org)
  • Macromolecular interactions, such as those between proteins, form the basis of all biological activity. (europa.eu)
  • Finally, the domain interaction map will be integrated with existing phenotypic characterizations and expression profiles to be able to better predict the biological functions of the proteins in the network. (europa.eu)
  • We can identify what signaling pathway the proteins are involved in and during which phase of the cell cycle the interaction occurs," said Alice Ting, the Pfizer-Laubach Career Development Assistant Professor of Chemistry and senior author of a paper describing the probe published online June 27 by the Journal of the American Chemical Society . (medicalxpress.com)
  • Endosymbiotic theory - The evolutionary theory that certain eukaryotic organelles originated as separate prokaryotic organisms which were taken inside the cell as endosymbionts. (wikipedia.org)
  • We found that the UCDs and their orientation at the ascidian third cleavage rely on the spindle tilting in an anisotropic cell shape, and cortical polarity domains exerting different effects on spindle astral microtubules. (elifesciences.org)
  • We therefore propose that the spindle position during UCD is set by the combined activities of cell geometry and polarity domains, where cell geometry modulates the effect of cortical polarity domain(s). (elifesciences.org)
  • The weight-of evidence evaluations are qualitative in nature, although ATSDR recognizes that observations of toxicological interactions depend greatly on exposure doses and that some interactions appear to have thresholds. (cdc.gov)
  • Ident- cult to deduce interaction rules from observations of the ified transcription factors for specific cell fates are, for entire system. (lu.se)
  • Although multiple kidney cell lines from monkeys were susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, we found many cell types derived from humans, dogs, minks, cats, mice, and chicken were not. (cdc.gov)
  • We are equally interested in the identification and validation of novel therapeutic targets to interfere with aberrant cell division in cancer cells. (brookes.ac.uk)
  • RhoC seems to cause very specific and robust changes in the inflammatory breast cancer model that differ from not only normal-like cells, but also other types of breast cancer," says study co-first author Joel A. Yates, Ph.D., a senior postdoctoral research fellow at U-M. (phys.org)
  • In this study, by comparing the activity of normal cell lines and cancer cell lines after treating with resveratrol, it was found that resveratrol has more significant cytotoxicity in cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
  • The new probes could be used to study nearly any protein-protein interaction, Ting said. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The mechanism of MN induction from these potential MDI metabolites/reaction products was explored in the present study using immunofluorescent staining of kinetochore in MN of cytokinesis-blocked V79 cells. (cdc.gov)
  • We analyzed MDCK cells, which are most commonly used for surveillance and study of influenza viruses, and found that they were not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
  • Our study provides additional information on the risk of inadvertently propagating SARS-CoV-2 in cell lines and substrates when isolating, identifying, propagating, or producing vaccines for other viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • Plant hormone interactions govern responses to internal and external stimuli. (usda.gov)
  • We can use this to identify new protein partners or to characterize existing interactions. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Cells and their surrounding matrix are imaged in three dimensions with high speed confocal microscopy. (caltech.edu)
  • The cells interacts via quorum sensing and these interactions are studied under scanning electron microscopy. (ukessays.com)