AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation Science
Cyclin G1Cyclin GCyclin D1Cyclin ACyclin ECyclin BCyclin B1Cyclin D2Cyclin D3Cyclin A1CyclinsCyclin A2Cyclin DCyclin G2Cyclin CCell CycleCyclin-Dependent KinasesCyclin B2Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2Cyclin TCyclin HG1 PhaseCyclin-Dependent Kinase 4CDC2-CDC28 KinasesCDC2 Protein KinaseS PhaseRetinoblastoma ProteinProtein Phosphatase 2Tumor Suppressor Protein p53G2 PhaseCell Cycle ProteinsMitosisCyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p27Cyclin ICyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21PhosphorylationCell Line, TumorCell DivisionNIH 3T3 CellsOncogene ProteinsGenes, bcl-1Interleukin-12 Receptor beta 2 SubunitProto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2Cell ProliferationCell NucleusProtein-Serine-Threonine KinasesCyclin-Dependent Kinase 6Molecular Sequence DataDown-RegulationTransfectionRNA, MessengerAdenocarcinoma, PapillaryProtein BindingCell LineProteasome Endopeptidase ComplexGene Expression Regulation, NeoplasticS-Phase Kinase-Associated ProteinsTumor Cells, CulturedProto-Oncogene ProteinsDNA Damage3T3 CellsAmino Acid SequencePhosphoprotein PhosphatasesNuclear ProteinsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsBase SequenceApoptosisA Kinase Anchor ProteinsGene Expression RegulationTumor Suppressor ProteinsDetergentsTranscriptional ActivationTranscription FactorsUp-RegulationFibroblastsEnzyme InhibitorsRetroviridaeHeLa Cells
KinasesCDKsProteinsDependent kinase inhibitorCDK9Human cyclinInhibitorsCDK2PhosphorylationCytoplasmMutantsComplexesMitoticCdk1SubstratesKinase partnerTranscriptional activityGenesSpecificityGeneRegulatoryReplicationInhibitorModulatesEnzymesCellsRetinoblastomaBindsMicrotubulesSurvivalMediatorMutationsIncreasesMitosisActivityRegulateBindCellComplex2022Structural
Kinases13
CDKs4
  • Thus, levels of the four different cyclins vary in predictable patterns and combine with consistent CDKs at specific points to achieve forward momentum. (jove.com)
  • Cyclins (regulatory subunits) bind to cdks (catalytic subunits) to form complexes that regulate the progression of the cell cycle. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The main cyclin-cdks complexes formed in vertebrate cells are cyclin D-cdk4 (G0/G1), cyclin E-cdk2 (G1/S), cyclin A-cdk2 (S) and cyclin B1-cdk1 (G2/M). These complexes are regulated by activating and inhibitory phosphorylation events, as well as by interactions with small regulatory proteins including p21 and p27Kip1. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • The activity of CDKs is controlled by their binding to coactivator subunits termed Cyclins, as well as by CDK inhibitory proteins termed CKIs. (intechopen.com)
Proteins6
  • 1992, 1993) that the p34cdc2/cyclin B complex associates with microtubules in the mitotic spindle and premeiotic aster in starfish oocytes, and that microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) might be responsible for this interaction. (rupress.org)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27Kip1 expression and interaction with other cell cycle-associated proteins in mammary carcinoma. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A cells cycle is positively regulated promoting progress through the stages via the interaction of two classes of proteins found in the cytoplasm. (jove.com)
  • The accumulation of both Cyclin and CKI proteins is tightly regulated at the level of transcription. (intechopen.com)
  • In addition, Cyclin and CKI proteins are controlled at the level of their destruction. (intechopen.com)
  • Regulation can occur through modification of the p27 protein's structure, its interaction with other proteins, or its localization within the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Dependent kinase inhibitor1
  • Association between cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2B antisense RNA 1 and zinc finger homeobox 3 gene polymorphisms and COVID-19 severity. (cdc.gov)
CDK92
Human cyclin3
  • ATCC CCL-243) were probed with the mouse anti-human cyclin A antibody at concentration of 2.0 µg/mL (lane 1), 1.0 µg/mL (lane 2), and 0.5 µg/mL (lane 3). (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Human cyclin A has been reported to migrate between 54-60 kDa by SDS-PAGE and clone BF683 reportedly does not cross-react with mouse, rat or mink cyclin A. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Faha B, Ewen ME, Tsai LH, Livingston DM, Harlow E. Interaction between human cyclin A and adenovirus E1A-associated p107 protein. (bdbiosciences.com)
Inhibitors3
  • The structures of pCDK2/cyclin A/variolin B and pCDK2/cyclin A/meriolin 3 complexes reveal that the two inhibitors bind within the ATP binding site of the kinase, but in different orientations. (rcsb.org)
  • Identification of a cyclin-cdk2 recognition motif present in substrates and p21-like cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. (nature.com)
  • Cdk enzymatic activity is tightly controlled through cyclin interactions, posttranslational modifications, and binding of inhibitors such as the p27 tumor suppressor protein. (escholarship.org)
CDK24
  • Cyclin A is involved in both S-phase and G2/M transitions of the cell cycle through its association with cdk2 and cdk1, respectively. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2)/cyclin A is a novel PR coregulator that binds the NTD and acts by phosphorylating steroid receptor coactivator-1 and modulating steroid receptor coactivator-1 interaction with PR. (nih.gov)
  • however, phosphorylation of serine 400 was not required, indicating that JDP-2 and Cdk2/cyclin A act by distinct mechanisms. (nih.gov)
  • Cyclin dependent-kinase 2 (CDK2) plays important functions during the mitotic cell cycle and also facilitates several key events during germ cell development. (lu.se)
Phosphorylation3
  • Here we compare the specificity of two budding yeast cyclins, the S-phase cyclin Clb5 and the M-phase cyclin Clb2, in the phosphorylation of 150 Cdk1 (Cdc28) substrates. (nature.com)
  • Phosphorylation of PMS2 affects its interaction with MLH1 to. (lu.se)
  • Using cryo-electron microscopy and biochemical analysis we discovered that an interaction between the HBRCT domain of Dbf4 with Mcm2 serves as an anchoring point, which supports binding of DDK across the MCM2-7 double-hexamer interface and phosphorylation of Mcm4 on the opposite hexamer. (imperial.ac.uk)
Cytoplasm3
  • Cyclin B Export to the Cytoplasm via the Nup62 Subcomplex and Subsequent Rapid Nuclear Import Are Required for the Initiation of Drosophila Male Meiosis. (nih.gov)
  • In S. cerevisiae, oxidative stress triggers Med13 destruction 1 , which thereafter releases cyclin Ci nto the cytoplasm. (bepress.com)
  • In response to stress, the yeast 1 and mammalian 2 cyclin C translocate from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it associates with the GTPase Drp1/Dnm1 to drive mitochondrial fragmentation and apoptosis. (bepress.com)
Mutants2
  • Assay of the mutants with a cyclin-dependent kinase 4-selective bisanilinopyrimidine shows that the K89T mutation is primarily responsible for the selectivity of this compound. (rcsb.org)
  • An Epistatic MiniArray Profile (E-MAP) approach was used to quantitatively score genetic interactions based on fitness defects estimated from the colony size of double versus single mutants. (thebiogrid.org)
Complexes2
  • A- and B-type cyclins differentially modulate substrate specificity of cyclin-cdk complexes. (nature.com)
  • Specific substrates for cdk-cyclin complexes include nuclear lamins, histones, oncogenes (e.g., c-abl and SV40 large T-Ag), tumor suppressor genes (e.g., retinoblastoma protein, Rb), nucleolin and others. (bdbiosciences.com)
Mitotic3
  • Different cyclins exhibit distinct expression and degradation patterns which contribute to the temporal coordination of each mitotic event. (wikipedia.org)
  • Fisher, D. L. & Nurse, P. A single fission yeast mitotic cyclin B p34 cdc2 kinase promotes both S-phase and mitosis in the absence of G1 cyclins. (nature.com)
  • Donaldson, A. D. The yeast mitotic cyclin Clb2 cannot substitute for S phase cyclins in replication origin firing. (nature.com)
Cdk12
  • Cyclin A degradation employs preferentially used lysines and a cyclin box function other than Cdk1 binding. (nih.gov)
  • Targets of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1. (nature.com)
Substrates1
  • Spy1 lacks the cyclin-binding site that mediates p27 and substrate affinity, explaining why Cdk-Spy1 is poorly inhibited by p27 and lacks specificity for substrates with cyclin-docking sites. (escholarship.org)
Kinase partner1
  • The conserved cyclin C and its kinase partner Cdk8 play a key role in this decision. (bepress.com)
Transcriptional activity2
  • We proved that, by modulating cyclin G1, miR-122 influences p53 protein stability and transcriptional activity and reduces invasion capability of HCC-derived cell lines. (figshare.com)
  • SIP1 represses cyclin D1 transcriptional activity via direct interaction with Z-boxes 1-3 in the cyclin D1 promoter. (wikiversity.org)
Genes2
  • Orthologous to several human genes including CCNB1 (cyclin B1). (nih.gov)
  • CpG methylation of the FHIT, FANCF, cyclin-D2, BRCA2 and RUNX3 genes in Granulosa cell tumors (GCTs) of ovarian origin. (cancercentrum.se)
Specificity4
  • Tissue specificity of cyclin B expression in D. melanogaster]. (nih.gov)
  • Clb5 specificity depended on an interaction between a hydrophobic patch in Clb5 and a short sequence in the substrate (the RXL or Cy motif). (nature.com)
  • Figure 2: Clb5 specificity depends on an interaction between the Clb5 hydrophobic patch and an RXL motif in the substrate. (nature.com)
  • Miller, M. E. & Cross, F. R. Cyclin specificity: how many wheels do you need on a unicycle? (nature.com)
Gene6
  • Cyclin-T2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CCNT2 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose members are characterized by a dramatic periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. (wikipedia.org)
  • There was a statistically significant association between the expression of p27 and both cyclin D1 and the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb), corresponding to their close interactions in regulating the G1/S transition in the cell cycle. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Genetic interaction can be defined as a deviation of the phenotypic quantitative effect of a double gene mutation from the effect predicted from single mutations using a simple (e.g., multiplicative or linear additive) statistical model. (researchgate.net)
  • In addition, it can be used to predict genetic interactions [3] by comparing the sensitivity value of a double gene mutation from the value predicted from single mutations, and reveal the network intervention [4] by applying the state-flip mutation subject to a single gene. (researchgate.net)
  • There have been many in silico studies based on a Boolean network model to investigate network sensitivity against gene or interaction mutations. (researchgate.net)
Regulatory1
Replication1
  • For instance, during G1, when one type of cyclin, named D, is synthesized and binds to a CDK, the cell transitions into S phase, as another cyclin, E, peaks and forms a complex with CDK to promote DNA replication. (jove.com)
Inhibitor1
  • Several studies have shown that miRNAs play multiple roles in the phenotypic transformation, migration, and proliferation of VSMCs by inhibiting ERK1/2 activation [ 11 , 12 ], partly by regulating the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)-MMPs and p21-cyclins interactions [ 13 - 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
Modulates1
  • GLI1 interaction with p300 modulates SDF1 expression in cancer-associated fibroblasts to promote pancreatic cancer cells migration. (mayo.edu)
Enzymes1
  • E is then degraded by cytoplasmic enzymes and cyclin A concentrations increase throughout the S phase and remain high into G2 to promote entry into the M phase when in an active complex. (jove.com)
Cells3
  • Double staining of primate cells with anti-cyclin B and anti-MAP4 antibodies demonstrated these two antigens were colocalized on microtubules and copartitioned following two treatments that altered MAP4 distribution. (rupress.org)
  • 2012 ). In vitro , flavopiridol suppresses the interaction between leukocytes and endothelial cells in the model of murine hepatitis, which is a crucial step in the initiation of inflammation (Schmerwitz et al. (researchsquare.com)
  • In unstressed cells, the cyclin C‐Cdk8 kinase regulates transcription by associating with the Mediator of RNA polymerase II. (bepress.com)
Retinoblastoma1
  • p27, cyclin D1, and retinoblastoma (Rb) protein have been demonstrated using immunohistochemistry in 189 cases of primary breast carcinoma with long-term follow-up. (ox.ac.uk)
Binds1
  • In vivo SIP1, or Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 (ZEB2), binds "to potential SIP1-binding sites (Z-boxes) located in the vicinity of the cyclin D1 transcription start site. (wikiversity.org)
Microtubules1
  • Cyclin B interaction with microtubule-associated protein 4 (MAP4) targets p34cdc2 kinase to microtubules and is a potential regulator of M-phase microtubule dynamics. (rupress.org)
Survival3
  • When the combined expression of p27 and cyclin D1 was related to survival, patients with high levels of p27, regardless of their cyclin D1 status, did well, whilst those with low p27 had a poor outcome. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We evaluated the role of miR-122 and cyclin G1 expression in hepatocarcinogenesis and in response to treatment with doxorubicin and their relevance on survival and time to recurrence (TTR) of HCC patients. (figshare.com)
  • In patients resected for HCC, lower miR-122 levels were associated with a shorter TTR, whereas higher cyclin G1 expression was related to a lower survival, suggesting that miR-122 might represent an effective molecular target for HCC. (figshare.com)
Mediator2
  • We previously reported that the Mediator component Med13 anchors cyclin C in the nucleus 3 . (bepress.com)
  • A CYCLIN C dependent kinase that is an important component of the mediator complex. (bvsalud.org)
Mutations3
  • Use of the cyclin-dependent kinase 2-selective 6-cyclohexylmethoxy-2-(4'-sulfamoylanilino)purine (NU6102) shows that K89T has no role in the selectivity, while the remaining three mutations have a cumulative influence. (rcsb.org)
  • We describe a computational methodology allowing to systematically and quantitatively characterize a Boolean mathematical model of a biological network in terms of genetic interactions between all loss of function and gain of function mutations with respect to all model phenotypes or outputs. (researchgate.net)
  • In genetic interactions, synergy occurs when the contribution of two mutations to the phenotype of a double mutant exceeds the expectations from the additive effects of the individual mutations [74]. (researchgate.net)
Increases1
  • In addition, in a therapeutic perspective, we assayed the effects of a restored miR-122 expression in triggering doxorubicin-induced apoptosis and we proved that miR-122, as well as cyclin G1 silencing, increases sensitivity to doxorubicin challenge. (figshare.com)
Mitosis1
  • After A is degraded, concentrations of cyclin B peak in M phase and the complex will activate the different stages of mitosis. (jove.com)
Activity3
  • Enables cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase regulator activity. (nih.gov)
  • Cyclin A may also form a complex with the adenovirus oncoprotein E1A which has DNA binding activity. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Functional mutagenesis experiments revealed that a subregion of the NTD (amino acids 323-427) was required for the partial agonist activity of RU486 induced by PR interaction with JDP-2. (nih.gov)
Regulate1
  • We have previously shown that miR-122 can regulate the expression of cyclin G1, whose high levels have been reported in several human cancers. (figshare.com)
Bind1
  • They must bind to a specific cyclin to be activated. (jove.com)
Cell4
  • Cyclins can be categorized as G 1 , G 1 /S, S, or M cyclins based on the cell cycle phase or transition they are most involved in. (jove.com)
  • Generally, levels of a given cyclin are low during most of the cell cycle but abruptly increase at the checkpoint they most contribute to (G 1 cyclins are an exception, as they are required throughout the cell cycle). (jove.com)
  • The decision to undergo programmed cell death (PCD) is controlled by a complex interaction between nuclear and mitochondrial signals. (bepress.com)
  • Cytoplasmic cyclin C associates with mitochondria where it induces hyper-fragmentation and programmed cell death 2 . (bepress.com)
Complex2
  • The p-TEFb complex containing this cyclin was reported to interact with, and act as a negative regulator of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat protein. (wikipedia.org)
  • Characterization of the Cyclin Dependent Kinase Complex Bur1-2 and its Interaction with RPA. (uni-muenchen.de)
20221
  • Koichu B., Schwarz B. B., Heyd-Metzuyanim E., Tabach M. & Yarden A. (2022) Learning, Culture and Social Interaction. (weizmann.ac.il)
Structural1
  • Recent efforts have shown that structural variations (SVs) can disrupt three-dimensional genome organization and induce enhancer hijacking, yet no computational tools exist to identify such events from chromatin interaction data. (nature.com)