Intensity fast neutrons. Medical search. Frequent questions

Radiotherapy methods including brachytherapy, molecular therapy, external beam therapy (neutron, photon, proton, ion, anti-proton) and the effects of radiation at the cellular level are presented. (york.ac.uk)
n = neutron, p = H + = proton, t = 3 H − = triton, α = 4 H + = α, alpha, e − = electron. (iucr.org)
MONNET may also be used as a photon source or for studies requiring proton, deuteron or alpha beams without the emphasis on neutron production, provided that there is added value for the JRC to do so. (europa.eu)
Since 1974, the high-intensity proton accelerator HIPA has been the basis for a particle factory that helps to keep fundamental research running at PSI. (psi.ch)
p + e- + anti-nu(e), where n means neutron, p means proton, e- means electron, and anti-nu(e) means an antineutrino of the electron type. (cdc.gov)
The paper introduces a transient detector study in the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) proton linac, and discusses one of the major challenges - stochastic noise in the cavity RF system, which deteriorates the precision and increases the time needed for phase measurement with this technique. (cern.ch)
The neutron is a subatomic particle , symbol n or n 0 , which has a neutral (not positive or negative) charge, and a mass slightly greater than that of a proton . (cloudfront.net)
Neutrons are required for the stability of nuclei, with the exception of the single-proton hydrogen nucleus. (cloudfront.net)
A free neutron spontaneously decays to a proton, an electron , and an antineutrino , with a mean lifetime of about 15 minutes. (cloudfront.net)
The latter arises from proton vs. neutron excitations from the p3/2 into the f5/2 orbital. (lu.se)
Mirror nuclei have the same mass but their proton and neutron numbers are interchanged. (lu.se)

Activation-- The process of inducing radioactivity by neutron irradiation of a target material. (cdc.gov)
TEM -invisible defects that are coherent with the matrix and have smeared boundaries with low displacement field gradients may form due to transmutation doping as a result of neutron irradiation and relaxation of disordered regions accompanied by redistribution of point defects and annihilation of interstitial defects and vacancies. (pensoft.net)
Dedicated neutron sources like neutron generators , research reactors and spallation sources produce free neutrons for use in irradiation and in neutron scattering experiments. (cloudfront.net)

One of them is the fission neutron facility at FRM-2, NECTAR, equipped already with a camera based detector and the capability for neutron tomography. (tum.de)
Neutron and gamma-ray albedo forming in the Mercury subsurface under cosmic-ray' bombardment and during nuclear fission of K, Th, U radioactive isotopes. (cosmos.ru)
Neutrons are produced copiously in nuclear fission and fusion . (cloudfront.net)
They are a primary contributor to the nucleosynthesis of chemical elements within stars through fission, fusion, and neutron capture processes. (cloudfront.net)
With the discovery of nuclear fission in 1938, [9] it was quickly realized that, if a fission event produced neutrons, each of these neutrons might cause further fission events, in a cascade known as a nuclear chain reaction . (cloudfront.net)
Since the efficiency of producing fission neutrons seems to (i.e. source to detector distance) is required for a measurement the have reached its maximum with state-of-the-art high flux reactors efficiency in terms of the FOM has been derived by Schober et al. (lu.se)

Most approaches and processing techniques for observed neutron intensities are based on the assumption of homogeneous site conditions or of soil moisture patterns with correlation lengths shorter than the measurement footprint of the neutron detector. (ufz.de)
Given the relatively low intensity of reactor neutron beams, a very successful effort has been made to increase the detector efficiency and the detection area as much as possible. (iucr.org)
Probably due to the variation of intensity of the early neutron beams, it is a tradition in neutron research to monitor the incident flux with a low-efficiency detector, which in the best case has a stability of the order of 10 −3 , i.e. sufficient for most experiments. (iucr.org)
The intensity of the incoming neutrons is monitored and recorded with an ORDELA Model 4511 N neutron detector throughout the whole reactor campaign. (bnc.hu)
Results of self-indication measurements were used to confirm the basic principle of SINRD, that is, that the best results are obtained with a detector that has a high sensitivity to neutrons with energy close to the energy of a strong resonance of the material under investigation. (sckcen.be)
The MGNS project is a multifunctional scientific instrument, comprising gamma-ray spectrometer and neutron detector. (cosmos.ru)
The instrument's prototype is the HEND neutron detector, developed at the laboratory for the NASA 2001 Mars Odyssey space mission. (cosmos.ru)

The term "neutron flux" means the intensity of neutron radiation measured as a rate of flow of neutrons applied over an area. (house.gov)
When a nucleus captures a neutron, the binding energy of the neutron is promptly emitted in the form of gamma radiation . (bnc.hu)
d) emit radiation immediately upon the absorption of a neutron. (englogs.com)
In many cases, this rapid rotation results in pulsars, which are neutron stars with sources of radiation that appear to flash rapidly as the star rotates. (thevalleypost.com)
Absorber-- Any material that absorbs or lessens the intensity of ionizing radiation. (cdc.gov)
An experimental demonstration of the use of the neutrons emissions for radiation probing of hydrogenated substances is presented, showing a particular application in detecting water concentrations differences in the proximity of the device by elastic scattering. (biomedcentral.com)
Due to the high effective cross section of hydrogen for neutron dispersion, plasma focus neutron pulses can be used as radiation probes to detect hydrogenated substances by means of neutron scattering. (biomedcentral.com)
[11] Free neutrons do not directly ionize atoms, but they do indirectly cause ionizing radiation , so they can be a biological hazard, depending on dose. (cloudfront.net)
Also, lasers and laser-based systems can cut materials precisely, generate intense neutron bursts to evaluate aging aircraft components, and potentially deliver tightly focused radiation therapy to tumors, among other uses. (lbl.gov)
Interaction of a high-intensity optical laser beam with a solid target can generate `hot' electrons, which generate radiation hazards (mainly bremsstrahlung photons and neutrons) from interaction of hot electrons with target and the surrounding materials. (lu.se)
In general, ionizing radiation refers to high-energy electromagnetic waves (x-rays and gamma rays) and particles (alpha particles, beta particles, and neutrons) that are capable of stripping electrons from atoms (ionization). (msdmanuals.com)
The roentgen (R) is a measure of the ionizing ability of radiation in air and is commonly used to express the intensity of exposure to radiation. (msdmanuals.com)

Known as fast radio bursts (or FRBs), these ultrashort, ultrapowerful pulses of ancient energy are the universe's brightest flashes you cannot see. (livescience.com)
We've found 20 fast radio bursts in a year, almost doubling the number detected worldwide since they were discovered in 2007," lead study author Ryan Shannon, an astronomer at Swinburne University of Technology and the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR) in Australia, said in a statement . (livescience.com)
We've also proved that fast radio bursts are coming from the other side of the universe rather than from our own galactic neighborhood. (livescience.com)
The brightness of FRB 20220610A also outshines models that propose the bursts of radio waves are created when high-speed particles associated with neutron star flares smash into surrounding stellar winds. (sciencealert.com)
Fast radio bursts were a mystery when they were first observed. (thevalleypost.com)
Six new fast radio bursts (FRBs) have been detected outside our galaxy, coming from an unknown object about 3 billion light-years away. (speclab.com)
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are among the most explosive and mysterious signals ever detected from space. (speclab.com)
The spectral distribution of the emissions is also very disparate with some bursts having a strong intensity at the lowest frequencies and others the opposite. (speclab.com)
These quasi-periodic pulses bear some resemblance to enigmatic fast radio bursts, which are short radio bursts of unknown origin. (spaceconnectonline.com.au)
However, it's not yet clear whether PSR J0941-4046 emits the kind of energies observed in fast radio bursts. (spaceconnectonline.com.au)
While we've yet to actually identify an ultra-long period magnetar, they are theorised to be a possible source of fast radio bursts. (spaceconnectonline.com.au)
We wish to draw your attention to the results highlighted on this newsletter regarding Tidal Disruption Events, masers and Fast Radio Bursts where the contribution of the EVN has been invaluable. (evlbi.org)
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) were first spotted over ten years ago. (theregister.com)

We found that either combining the observed thermal and epithermal neutron intensities by a rescaling method developed in this study or adjusting all parameters of the transfer function leads to an improved calibration against the reference soil moisture measurements in the near-field compared to the standard approach and using epithermal neutrons alone. (ufz.de)
We also found that the relationship between thermal and epithermal neutrons provided an indicator for footprint heterogeneity. (ufz.de)
We, therefore, suggest that the combined use of thermal and epithermal neutrons offers the potential of a spatial disaggregation of the measurement footprint in terms of near- and far-field soil moisture dynamics. (ufz.de)
This chapter concerns the detection of neutrons having thermal and epithermal energies in the range 0.0002-10 eV (20-0.1 Å). (iucr.org)

In this collapse, protons and electrons combine to make neutrons. (nasa.gov)
Neutron stars can "pulse" because of electrons accelerated near the magnetic poles. (nasa.gov)
These electrons travel outward from the neutron star. (nasa.gov)
On the other hand, neutron sources on the basis of the interaction of accelerated particles or even electrons are available, again starting with fast neutrons (e.g. (tum.de)

About one third of the universe's run-of-the-mill matter made of protons and neutrons (also called "baryonic matter") is thought to exist somewhere in clouds of gas between distant stars , according to a study published earlier this year. (livescience.com)
Protons and neutrons constitute the nuclei of atoms . (cloudfront.net)
Since protons and neutrons behave similarly within the nucleus, and each has a mass of approximately one dalton , they are both referred to as nucleons . (cloudfront.net)
the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. (cdc.gov)

The neutron guide has been recently upgraded with 2Q c supermirror guides that improved the thermal-equivalent neutron flux at the PGAA sample positions to 7.7×10 7 cm -2 s -1 . (bnc.hu)
XRD studies showed that the lattice parameters of α-quartz increased with increasing neutron flux. (osti.gov)
[10] A small natural 'neutron background' flux of free neutrons exists on Earth, caused by cosmic ray showers , and by the natural radioactivity of spontaneously fissionable elements in the Earth's crust . (cloudfront.net)
However, in addition to instruments requiring neutrons of a techniques profit substantially from the pulsed sources and certain single wavelength, observing a single Bragg peak at a time increase their efficiency by orders of magnitude due to the (e.g. three-axis spectrometers), conventional neutron imaging, efficient use of the time-structured flux by spectroscopic methods. (lu.se)

Up to the 1970s, reactor-based neutron sources had been designed to reach high neutron fluxes for research, followed by the development of powerful spallation sources. (psi.ch)

Passive track-etch neutron detectors, which have been previously placed on the aircraft, are evaluated during maintenance checks to assess the presence of corrosion. (spie.org)
It is therefore difficult to speak about neutron detectors and intensity measurements as such without reference to the complete spectrometers, and this should include the on-line computer. (iucr.org)
A broad range of fully operational neutron detectors , well adapted to reactors as neutron sources, is commercially available, but this is not yet the case for pulsed sources. (iucr.org)
This can be realized by using two neutron detectors with 239Pu as convertor material. (sckcen.be)
This approach foresees the insertion of small neutron detectors in the guide tubes of the assembly, and optimisation studies of SINRD were based on Monte Carlo simulations. (sckcen.be)
This approach foresees the insertion of small neutron detectors in the guide tubes of the assembly, and optimisation studies of SINRD were based on Monte Carlo simulations.Experiments to support the results of such simulations were carried out at the time-of-flight facility GELINA of JRC-Geel (Belgium). (sckcen.be)
Trace quantities of americium are widely used in smoke detectors, and as neutron sources in neutron moisture gauges. (cdc.gov)

The neutrons are guided from the cold neutron source of the Budapest Research Reactor to the experimental positions by a neutron guide, which is slightly curved so that it decreases the background coming from the reactor core. (bnc.hu)
Nowadays, reactor- and spallation-based neutron sources coexist, the former providing continuous neutron fluxes while the latter delivers intense pulses - with the notable exception of the continuous spallation target SINQ at PSI , Switzerland. (psi.ch)

The derivation of soil moisture generally relies on secondary cosmic-ray neutrons in the epithermal to fast energy ranges. (ufz.de)
In this study, we investigated how a non-uniform soil moisture distribution within the footprint impacts the CRNS soil moisture estimation and how the combined use of epithermal and thermal neutrons can be advantageous in this case. (ufz.de)
Thermal neutrons have lower energies and a substantially smaller measurement footprint around the sensor than epithermal neutrons. (ufz.de)
Analyses using the URANOS (Ultra RApid Neutron-Only Simulation) Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the measurement footprint dynamics at a study site in northeastern Germany revealed that the thermal footprint mainly covers mineral soils in the near-field to the sensor while the epithermal footprint also covers large areas with organic soils. (ufz.de)
Moreover, using fast to moderated (thermal to epithermal) neutrons ratio, one can consider the presence of light elements ( H , He , etc.) in the shallow subsurface. (cosmos.ru)

The capture or absorption cross sections for a number of nuclei of interest are plotted as a function of neutron energy in Fig. 7.3.2.1. (iucr.org)
However, X-rays interact prevalently with the electron shell of the atoms, while neutrons interact with their nuclei, and thus the two radiations offer two different contrasts (X-ray and neutron scattering cross section). (iucr.org)
In collisions with carbon nuclei of the graphite, the fast protons generate pions, which decay into muons after an extremely short time. (psi.ch)
Their interactions with nuclei of chemical elements composing the upper 1-2 m of subsurface generate copious amount of neutrons (Fig.1). (cosmos.ru)
In turn, while leaving the subsurface, these neutrons interact with elemental nuclei, and thus produce secondary neutrons and gamma-ray. (cosmos.ru)
Secondary neutrons on their way from the shallow subsurface, are moderated and captured by nuclei, thus producing characteristic lines from neutron capture which complements data on elementary composition of the subsurface. (cosmos.ru)
Hydrogen nuclei of the mass equal to that of neutrons are the most effective neutron moderator, so that secondary neutrons' spectrum, which shows increase of slow and decrease of fast neutrons, may testify to the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-bearing compounds in the subsurface. (cosmos.ru)
Complications with the intensity of the ion beam also occurred, which further decreased the probability of producing a sufficient amount of 62Ge, and hence also 61Ga, nuclei. (lu.se)
The candidate particles, ranging from protons to nuclei as massive as iron, generate "extensive air-showers" (EAS) in interactions with air nuclei when en- tering the Earth's atmosphere. (lu.se)

In this segment the student is introduced to the use of X-ray data to identify an object as a rotating neutron star, and determine its period of rotation. (nasa.gov)

An alpha particle has a mass of 4 atomic mass units (amu) and is equal to a helium nucleus (i.e., two protons and two neutrons, and a charge of +2). (cdc.gov)
Atomic Mass Number-- The total number of nucleons (neutron plus protons) in the nucleus of an atom. (cdc.gov)
Neutrons do not affect the electron configuration, but the sum of atomic and neutron numbers is the mass of the nucleus. (cloudfront.net)
The properties of an atomic nucleus depend on both atomic and neutron numbers. (cloudfront.net)
An atomic nucleus is formed by a number of protons, Z (the atomic number ), and a number of neutrons, N (the neutron number ), bound together by the nuclear force . (cloudfront.net)
What combinations of neutrons and protons can make an atomic nucleus? (msu.edu)
With increasing angular momentum, this nucleus exhibits Coriolis-induced alignments of both neutrons and protons before it then undergoes a rotation-induced. (lu.se)
With increasing angular momentum, this nucleus exhibits Coriolis-induced alignments of both neutrons and protons before it then undergoes a rotation-induced transition from near-prolate collective rotation to a noncollective oblate configuration. (lu.se)
the nucleus of a helium atom, made up of two neutrons and two protons with a charge of +2. (cdc.gov)

Taking advantage of the unique properties of the neutron and the unique properties of SNS, we aim to carry out world-class experiments that address cutting-edge questions about the nature and existence of matter in the Universe. (ornl.gov)
These will include the ability to conduct experiments with fast, stopped and reaccelerated beams, which will help users extend the reach of nuclear science. (msu.edu)

A magnetar is a form of a neutron star, which is what remains after a star that is massive enough to generate a supernova but not massive enough to form a black hole has collapsed. (thevalleypost.com)
In others, the neutron star ends up with an intense magnetic field, making it a magnetar. (thevalleypost.com)

The Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment, a super-duper radio telescope, has detected the first low-frequency fast radio burst, a class of rare extragalactic emissions of an unknown origin. (theregister.com)
By studying data from the radio telescope used by the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment and cross-referencing it against earlier observations of the phenomenon, the scientists were able to determine that this particular FRB repeats on a cycle of 16 days. (oom2.com)

To prevent the scattering of neutrons to the PGAA sample from the lower beam, a layer of neutron absorber is placed below the sample. (bnc.hu)
A neutron absorber after the PGAA target chamber stops the upper beam. (bnc.hu)

Neutrons' lack of charge and the fact that they are only weakly absorbed by most materials require specific nuclear reactions to capture them and convert them into detectable secondary particles. (iucr.org)
At low energies, they are inversely proportional to neutron velocity, except in the case of Gd, which has a nuclear resonance at 0.031 eV. (iucr.org)
Neutron cross-section measurements for safety assessments of present-day and innovative nuclear energy systems. (europa.eu)
Even if all the nuclear reactions for neutron extraction start with high-energy neutrons in the MeV region, the imaging with fast neutrons is less developed (in comparison to thermal and cold neutrons) and there are only a few facilities around the world with useful performance. (tum.de)
The Workshop on Efficient Neutron Sources - ENS2019 - will bring together nuclear physicists, chemists, material scientists and mechanical engineers to discuss the efficiency of neutron sources, and determine the most promising perspectives for improvement. (psi.ch)
Self-interrogation neutron resonance densitometry (SINRD) is a non-destructive analysis technique that can be used to quantify the amount of 239Pu in spent nuclear fuel. (sckcen.be)
However, nuclear and magnetic structure analysis from integrated intensities is also possible. (ill.eu)
The neutron is essential to the production of nuclear power. (cloudfront.net)
In the decade after the neutron was discovered by James Chadwick in 1932, [8] neutrons were used to induce many different types of nuclear transmutations . (cloudfront.net)

And their fast nature points to a very narrow region of space leading some scientists to speculate that they could be coming from magnetars, a type of neutron star known to spin up extremely powerful magnetic fields that lead to x-rays and and gamma rays. (theregister.com)

Using a longitudinal field geometry, no field corrections are required for a non-divergent neutron beam while the corrections for divergent neutron trajectories are at least a factor of 10 smaller as compared to conventional NSE. (wikipedia.org)
One disadvantage of classical NSE and NRSE is the fact that a depolarization of the neutron beam leads to a complete loss of signal, making it impossible to measure under depolarizing conditions, such as very large magnetic fields. (wikipedia.org)
Furthermore, it is not possible to measure samples that cause a depolarization of the neutron beam, such as ferromagnets, and superconductors. (wikipedia.org)
The course will outline the latest development in intensity-modulated mixed-beam radiotherapy. (york.ac.uk)
Following the core guide is a 4.5 m long bender (radius of curvature = 117 m, beam-left) in order to minimize background from fast neutrons and gammas. (ornl.gov)
Beam line 13A uses a double-crystal monochromator system to delivers 8.9 Å neutrons to an external building where they will be converted to ultra-cold neutrons (typical energy ~ 100 neV) by a scattering in superfluid helium. (ornl.gov)
The 8.9Å beam line continues downstream of the monochromator assembly with an 8m section of "ballistic" guide in order to optimize neutron transport over long distances. (ornl.gov)
Their source strength is limited to less than 1010 s-1 and the collimated beam has much less intensity than NECTAR can deliver. (tum.de)
Modulation in the order of milliseconds can be done by a revolving chopper blade, while longer on-off periods can be achieved with a fast beam shutter. (bnc.hu)
The neutrons enter the cabin and fly along a 3 m long evacuated aluminum flight tube across the experimental area, to the beam stop placed at the wall of the guide hall. (bnc.hu)
A pneumatically actuated instrument shutter is used to control the entry of the neutron beam into the cabin while two computer-controlled secondary shutters are in place to allow independent operation of the PGAA and NIPS/NORMA facilities. (bnc.hu)
It has the potential to become a fast tune-up technique for a high intensity SC electron linac, as cavity phase could be determined precisely with only a few beam pulses. (cern.ch)
Whereas in the original experiment we ran at a large angle to the beam, now we were at zero degrees, the intensities would go up. (aip.org)

Alpha particles generally carry more energy than gamma or beta particles , and deposit that energy very quickly while passing through tissue. (cdc.gov)

On October 20-23, 2019, the Neutron Imaging Group at the Technische Universität München, Forschungs-Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier-Leibnitz (FRMII), will host the 1st Experts Meeting on Fast Neutron Imaging. (tum.de)

MONNET is a high-intensity quasi mono-energetic fast neutron source, driven by a vertical 3.5 MV Tandem accelerator producing either continuous or pulsed beams of protons, deuterons or helium ions. (europa.eu)
Pulsed sources of fusion neutrons and x-rays, as well as energetic electron and ion beams can be produced by means of plasma focus devices. (biomedcentral.com)

In its classic form it is used analogously to conventional neutron spin echo (NSE) spectrometry for quasielastic scattering where tiny energy changes from the sample to the neutron have to be resolved. (wikipedia.org)

Neutron absorbers (boron, hafnium, and cadmium) are used as material in control rods for reactors. (cdc.gov)
1973. Fuel and Fuel Elements for Fast Reactors. (kit.edu)

a)), relies upon the Lamor precession the neutron spin undergoes, while flying through static magnetic fields. (wikipedia.org)
Hence, neutron stars can have very strong magnetic fields. (nasa.gov)
magnetars, or neutron stars that have very intense magnetic fields. (thevalleypost.com)
Magnetars are neutron stars with very powerful magnetic fields, of which only a handful are known to emit in the radio part of the spectrum. (spaceconnectonline.com.au)

Cosmic-ray neutron sensing (CRNS) allows for non-invasive soil moisture estimations at the field scale. (ufz.de)
To determine gamma-ray lines intensity for various elements, one should consider neutron fluxes at the planetary surface along with gamma-ray generated due to cosmic-ray' bombardment of the surface. (cosmos.ru)

Atoms of a chemical element that differ only in neutron number are called isotopes . (cloudfront.net)

Neutron spin echo techniques achieve very high energy resolution in combination with very high neutron intensity by means of a decoupling of the energy resolution of the instrument from the wavelength spread of the neutrons. (wikipedia.org)
The energy transfer of the neutrons is encoded in their polarization and not in the change of the wavelength of the scattered neutrons. (wikipedia.org)
The advantage of using thermal and cold neutrons is the wide range of interaction probabilities between different materials (even isotopes) with wavelength in the order of the atomic distances, enabling contrast features which are complementary to X-ray interactions. (tum.de)
Typically, a sample is rotated around a single axis, while maintaining a single wavelength (i.e., monochromatic energy) of incident neutrons, to scan the 4D Q , E volume. (aip.org)

The recent construction of pulsed neutron sources extends the range of incident energy to at least 10 eV and generalizes the use of time-of-flight (TOF) techniques. (iucr.org)
Quasi mono-energetic neutrons are generated in the energy region 0 - 24 MeV by using lithium, deuterium or tritium targets. (europa.eu)
The term "fast neutron" means a neutron with kinetic energy above 100 kiloelectron volts. (house.gov)
The ongoing plans for construction and upgrades of neutron sources all over the world raise the question of increasing the source efficiency at a time where policymakers orient towards more sustainability and reduced energy consumption. (psi.ch)
All of these energetic interactions with the environment cause the neutron star to shed energy, slowing its rotation and reducing the intensity of any light it produces. (thevalleypost.com)
The amount of 239Pu is estimated from the ratio of the neutron intensity in the fast energy region and in a region close to the 0.296 eV resonance of 239Pu. (sckcen.be)
The kinetic energy of the emitted neutrons being 2.45 MeV in the first case and 2.45 MeV or 14.1 MeV in the second one. (biomedcentral.com)
MGNS is aimed at measuring neutron fluxes in wide energy range (from thermal to 10 MeV) and gamma-ray with high energy resolution (approximately 3.5% at the energy of 662 keV) in the energy range from 300 keV to 10 MeV during interplanetary cruise and on the orbit around Mercury. (cosmos.ru)
Applying these methods to spinwave dispersion data from a virtual neutron experiment demonstrates ∼5-fold improvement over nominal energy resolution. (aip.org)
Neutron scattering from these excitations is characterized by the four-dimensional (4D) scattering function, S ( Q , E ), where Q is the momentum transfer and E is the energy transfer. (aip.org)
Most often, this is done to extract dispersion relations of fundamental excitations within crystalline solids by illustrating measured scattering intensity as a function of energy transfer along the vertical axis and a single direction in wave-vector transfer along the horizontal axis. (aip.org)
γ-ray energy(keV) Intensity(%) Decay mode ---------------------------------------------------------- 78.75 6.54 B- 1093.59 6. (go.jp)
γ-ray energy(keV) Intensity(%) Decay mode ---------------------------------------------------------- 704. (go.jp)
Rapid release of energy can fracture the crust, leading to a starquake and potentially producing a burst of radio energy: a fast radio burst. (astronomy.com)
Neutron energy range: approx. (chpconsultants.com)
The initiative is funded by DOE's Fusion Energy Sciences program (FES) within the Office of Science and includes institutions nationwide operating high-intensity, ultra-fast lasers. (lbl.gov)
Weak-intensity, high-energy transitions are observed to feed into the terminating states. (lu.se)

Neutron fluxes are essential to estimate the intensity of gamma-ray generation due to interaction with neutrons (inelastic reactions for fast and capture reactions for slow neutrons). (cosmos.ru)

This allows for variants in combination with triple axes spectrometers to resolve narrow linewidth of excitations or MIEZE (Modulation of IntEnsity with Zero Effort) for depolarizing conditions and incoherent scattering which are not possible with conventional NSE. (wikipedia.org)
We report here that real -space techniques in optical imagery can be adapted to obtain reciprocal -space super resolution dispersion for phonon or magnetic excitations from single-crystal neutron spectroscopy measurements. (aip.org)
Inelastic neutron scattering (INS) is a powerful probe of fundamental excitations in solids, including those of vibrational or magnetic origins. (aip.org)

Direct-geometry time-of-flight chopper neutron spectroscopy is instrumental in studying dynamics in liquid, powder, and single crystal systems. (aip.org)

During the atmospheric neutron experimentation, we identified a fourth method referred to as secondary emission radiography (SER). (spie.org)

The pulses come at the same rate as the rotation of the neutron star (30 times a second for the Crab pulsar), and are very regular. (nasa.gov)
A plasma focus device capable of operating at 0.2 pulses per second during several minutes is used as a source of hard x-rays and fast neutrons. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, the device produces ultrashort hard x-rays pulses useful for introspective images of small objects, static or in fast motion, suitable for the identification of internal submillimetric defects. (biomedcentral.com)
A quick analysis of the times of arrival of the pulses showed them to be repeating about every 76 seconds - whereas most neutron star pulses cycle through within a few seconds, or even milliseconds. (spaceconnectonline.com.au)

It is a passive method that relies on the detection of neutrons, which are emitted by the fuel. (sckcen.be)

They emit x-rays and gamma rays when they must travel faster than the speed of light to continue rotating with the magnetic field. (nasa.gov)

Since the neutron and also the hard x-ray burst duration of this source is in the 10-100 ns range, and that its emission can be turned off, the plasma focus becomes an interesting alternative to commercially available radioisotopic sources of both neutrons and hard x-rays. (biomedcentral.com)

Intensities before May 23th of 2013 were values when total intensity of the decay mode was 100(%) and a branching ratio of each decay mode was not multiplied. (go.jp)
Protons have a higher charge to mass ratio and will be accelerated quicker than heavy ions. (lu.se)

In contrast to the conventional transverse NRSE technique, the cylindrically symmetric longitudinal NRSE configuration allows the use of guide fields through the whole spectrometer, reducing the effort to maintain the neutron polarization. (wikipedia.org)
Mercurial Gamma-ray and Neutron Spectrometer (MGNS scientific instrument) is being developed to be placed onboard BepiColombo the ESA interplanetary mission. (cosmos.ru)

lists the neutron-capture reactions that are commonly used in thermal neutron detection. (iucr.org)

Neutron resonance spin echo is a quasielastic neutron scattering technique developed by Gähler and Golub. (wikipedia.org)
Several other NSE schemes exist however, which employ resonant spin flips in a magnetic RF-field to achieve the same effect on the neutron, such as neutron resonant spin echo (NRSE) and modulation of intensity by zero effort (MIEZE). (wikipedia.org)
The effect these two flippers have on the neutron spin is identical to the action of an effective static magnetic field as utilized in NSE. (wikipedia.org)
The wild spin of the universe's speediest neutron stars ? (livescience.com)
Water exchange between the hydration layer and bulk water is invariably fast on the NMR time scale so the measured spin relaxation rate is a population-weighted average over these environments. (lu.se)

The final neutron polarization provides the (normalized) intermediate scattering function S(Q,τ), providing direct information on relaxation processes, activation energies, and the amplitudes of dynamic processes in the samples under investigation. (wikipedia.org)

The newly discovered object, named PSR J0941-4046, is a peculiar radio-emitting galactic neutron star which rotates extremely slowly compared to other pulsars. (spaceconnectonline.com.au)

It's possible the emissions are produced by neutron stars as their pressurized contents shift, tugged out of shape by their own powerful magnetic field. (sciencealert.com)
This is a region of space where we don't expect to detect any radio emissions at all, since it's theorised the neutron stars here are at the end of their life cycle and therefore not active (or less active). (spaceconnectonline.com.au)

Topics covered include neutron capture, neutron detection processes and electronic aspects of neutron detection. (iucr.org)
Given the cost and the rarity of the neutron sources, it is clear that the recent trends in neutron diffractometry are more and more in the direction of designing new instruments around highly efficient and complex detection systems. (iucr.org)
A detection process consists of a chain of events that begins with the neutron capture and ends with the macroscopic `visualization' of the neutron by a sensor (electronic or film). (iucr.org)
The neutron intensity in the resonance region is obtained from a detection system with a high sensitivity to 0.296 eV neutrons. (sckcen.be)
The event is clearly detected at frequencies as low as 580 MHz and represents the first detection of an FRB at radio frequencies below 700 MHz," according to a post on The Astronomer's Telegram, a webpage where astronomers can quickly post their new observations. (theregister.com)

A pulsar is a neutron star with a very strong magnetic field. (nasa.gov)
The core of the star is left as a neutron star. (nasa.gov)
Identify this object as a neutron star. (nasa.gov)
The usual, and generally accepted explanation of this rapid variation in intensity is that the neutron star itself is spinning, and that the "bright spot" is alternately pointed toward and then away from us. (nasa.gov)
When comparing an event like a black hole merger to a neutron star merger, one can quickly detect the difference between the two by looking at the intensity of sound, with frequency being the y-axis and time being the x-axis. (alleghenycampus.com)
Black hole mergers are much faster than neutron star mergers, making the difference between the data very obvious to spot when looking at a graph. (alleghenycampus.com)
Neutron star mergers also have a distinct pitch pattern compared to a black hole merger. (alleghenycampus.com)
For the time being, the researchers cannot position themselves on such and such an origin, the latter possibly being multiple, but the almost certain distance now and the repetitive nature of the phenomenon make the researchers lean towards an origin of the young strongly magnetized neutron star type. (speclab.com)
In this cross-posting from The Conversation , the University of Sydney's Manisha Caleb examines whether her discovery of a strange neutron star could signal a larger undetected population. (spaceconnectonline.com.au)
The discovery of a neutron star emitting unusual radio signals is rewriting our understanding of these unique star systems. (spaceconnectonline.com.au)
The flash had some characteristics of a radio-emitting neutron star. (spaceconnectonline.com.au)
MAXI detected an X-ray burst from the neutron-star binary H 1636-536 at 2023/8/23 15:43:19 UT. (riken.jp)
MAXI detected an X-ray burst from the neutron star binary 4U 1850-086 at 2023 August 15 15:53:00 UT. (riken.jp)
We pick up significant and neutron star (NS) events among them and report the results. (riken.jp)

A neutron entering the first resonant flipper undergoes a resonant π-flip induced by the static field B0 while precessing with a frequency ωL (the Lamor frequency) equal to ωRF and performing Rabi - oscillations due to the RF field. (wikipedia.org)
In the second resonant flipper coil the neutron undergoes another resonant π-flip. (wikipedia.org)

By using fast (14 MeV) neutrons for the activation, portable, high intensity sources can be employed for field testing of aircraft. (spie.org)
Prototype high power RF vector modulators employing a hybrid and two fast ferrite phase shifters in coaxial TEM transmission lines for 402.5 MHz and 805 MHz are built and tested. (cern.ch)
The heart of the new facility will be a high-intensity heavy-ion linear accelerator that will provide world-unique technical abilities. (msu.edu)
You can do high-intensity workouts, bodyweight strength training like beginner's calisthenics, kettlebell work, sprints (just for 20-30 seconds, rest and repeat 3 to 5 times), or even light jogging. (personal-writer.com)
To help foster the broad applicability of high-intensity lasers, the Department of Energy's Lawrence Berkeley- National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab) is a partner in a new research network called LaserNetUS. (lbl.gov)
High-intensity and ultrafast lasers have come to be essential tools in many of the sciences, and in engineering applications as well," said James Symons, Berkeley Lab's associate laboratory director for its Physical Sciences Area. (lbl.gov)
The U.S. was the dominant innovator and user of high-intensity laser technology in the 1990s, but now Europe and Asia have taken the lead, according to a recent report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine titled " Opportunities in Intense Ultrafast Lasers: Reaching for the Brightest Light . (lbl.gov)
Currently, 80 to 90 percent of the world's high-intensity ultrafast laser systems are overseas, and all of the highest-power research lasers that are currently in construction or have already been built are also overseas. (lbl.gov)
This call will allow any researcher in the U.S. to get time on one of the high intensity lasers at the LaserNetUS host institutions. (lbl.gov)
Because of their large mass, protons require very high light intensity to be accelerated directly. (lu.se)
We find that resonantly trapped, asteroidally produced grains naturally produce the 'trailing blob' structure in the zodiacal cloud, while to match the intensity of the blob, most of the cloud must be composed of cometary grains, which owing to their high eccentricity are not captured, but produce a smooth disc. (lu.se)

In this work, we present a semi-analytic method for calculating the capture and evolution of dust grains in resonance, which can be orders of magnitude faster than N-body methods. (lu.se)

See also beta particle , gamma ray , neutron , x-ray . (cdc.gov)

Atmospheric neutron radiography utilizes the presence of neutrons in the upper atmosphere as a source for interrogation of the aircraft structure. (spie.org)
As a check on the adequacy of the neutron radiographic technique, it is customary to place a standard test piece on the source side of the cassette. (englogs.com)
However, plasma foci still presents several challenges that must be overcome in order to extend the uses of these devices as x-ray and neutron source for commercial and industrial applications. (biomedcentral.com)
Neutron instrumentation options and layouts at a spallation neutron source will be discussed and outlined. (lu.se)

An artist's impression of CSIRO's ASKAP radio telescope detecting a fast radio burst (FRB). (livescience.com)
An international team of researchers spotted the fast radio burst using the Australian Square Kilometer Array Pathfinder (ASKAP). (sciencealert.com)
Lorimer had discovered the first fast radio burst, or FRB. (astronomy.com)
This telescope not only discovered the first recorded fast radio burst, FRB 010724, but also most of the currently known pool of 30-odd FRBs as well. (astronomy.com)
Astronomers have discovered the first known example of a fast radio burst that repeats in a steady cycle. (oom2.com)
Now a team of astrophysicists in Canada have discovered what is thought to be the first example of a fast radio burst (or FRB) that not only repeats, but does so in a steady cycle. (oom2.com)

Neutrons generated by an accelerator are used via activation analysis to assess the presence of distinctive elements in corrosion products, particularly oxygen. (spie.org)

The meeting will feature discussions on the latest advancements and applications of fast neutron imaging to provide a pathway on improving resolution and efficiency of the technique and enlarge the user community. (tum.de)

c) photographically more detectable than the unconverted neutron image. (englogs.com)

Chemicals and Drugs1

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment6

Phenomena and Processes6

Disciplines and Occupations1

Health Care3

Proton11

Irradiation3

Fission6

Detector7

Radiation12

Bursts13

Thermal and epithermal4

Electrons4

Protons and neutrons4

Flux4

Spallation sources1

Detectors7

Reactor2

Epithermal5

Nuclei9

Rotating neutron star1

Nucleus9

Experiments2

Magnetar2

Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment2

Absorber2

Nuclear9

Type of neutron1

Beam13

Particles1

20191

Beams2

Conventional neutron1

Reactors2

Magnetic fields4

Cosmic-ray2

Atoms1

Wavelength4

Energy17

Fluxes1

Excitations3

Spectroscopy1

Secondary1

Pulses4

Relies1

Emit1

Commercially available1

Ratio2

Spectrometer2

Capture reactions1

Spin5

Energies1

Rotates1

Emissions2

Detection5

Star14

Undergoes2

High11

Resonance1

Gamma-ray1

Source4

Radio burst6

Accelerator1

Efficiency1

Detectable1