HypertensionHyperinsulinemiaDyslipidemiaDiabetes mellitusAbnormalitiesAdiposeSecretionSensitivityAdiposityHepaticDiseasesGlucose intolerancePrevalence of obesityInflammationDisordersEpidemicMetSMetabolismPolycysticGlycemic controlImpaired glucose tIncreasesT2DMMechanismsPathwaysAbdominalAnti-obesityFatty liverTriglyceridesLiver steatosisAbstractGeneticPeripheralHyperglycemiaHypertriglyceridemia2017AlterationsChronicEffects of insulinRegulateOverweight and obesityLeptinGlucagonStimulatesCardiovascular and metabolicGloballyTherapeuticEndocrineTypeMultifactorialLipodystrophyVascularPhenotypeHyperlipidemiaNAFLDSecreted by the pancreasDietaryLipid accumulationDysfunctionClusterExcessPatients with metabolic
Hypertension13
- Abdominal obesity is typically associated with a statistically higher risk of heart disease, hypertension, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes (see below). (wikipedia.org)
- 2 NAFLD is associated with obesity and features of metabolic syndrome, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, central adiposity, insulin resistance, or diabetes. (xiahepublishing.com)
- Metabolic syndrome is the constellation of metabolic disorders such as central obesity, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance and hypertension. (edu.au)
- however, only in the early stages of impaired insulin metabolism do hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia appear to be significant contributors to the presence of hypertension. (medscape.com)
- Regular intake of ready-to-eat meals is related to obesity and several noninfectious illnesses, such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and tumors. (diabeets.com)
- Current studies regarding the consumption of ready-prepared foods and their consequences reliably reported a significant correlation between obesity, several noninfectious illnesses (noncommunicable diseases (NCDs)), cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, several types of malignancies, and many more [1-5] . (diabeets.com)
- Many people with hypertension are either diabetic or pre-diabetic and have elevated insulin levels due to insulin resistance. (thediabeticpharmacist.com)
- Metabolic Syndrome" (MetS), refers to the clustering of abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, hypertriglyceridemia, diminished high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and/or hypertension in an individual. (kauveryhospital.com)
- Central obesity, alterations in blood cholesterol, and hypertension can frequently occur in conjunction with raised insulin levels. (liquid-nutrition-vitamins.com)
- Ce syndrome se caractérise par l'association d'anomalies incluant une résistance à l'insuline, un hyper-insulinisme, une intolérance au glucose ou un diabète de type 2, une hypertension artérielle et des troubles du métabolisme lipidique et de la coagulation. (erudit.org)
- It is characterized by a cluster of risk factors of atherosclerosis including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coagulation abnormalities. (erudit.org)
- Disorders leading to PCS usually are associated with systemic complications, mainly of a metabolic/cardiovascular nature (eg, hypertension, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, osteoporosis), which are also present in CS. (medscape.com)
- Though the diagnostic criteria for MetS has been variably defined in the literature, most definitions now include the presence of at least three of the following: Abdominal obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, elevated fasting plasma glucose, high serum triglycerides, and low high-density lipoprotein levels. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Hyperinsulinemia5
- In the first phase of insulin resistance a compensatory hyperinsulinemia develops. (benthamscience.com)
- The ovarian androgen excess may be because of an interaction between obesity-related, chronic hyperinsulinemia with genetic factors predisposing to the development of ovarian hyperandrogenism. (scienceopen.com)
- It is now known that Central/Visceral Obesity with its Insulin Resistance and or Hyperinsulinemia is central in the pathogenesis of MetS. (kauveryhospital.com)
- Björntorp , P ( 1994 ) Fatty acids, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance: which comes first? (cambridge.org)
- The glucose excess elicits hyperinsulinemia, which may derive, in the end, into insulin resistance. (medscape.com)
Dyslipidemia6
- Obesity can induce type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease and other chronic disorders with high social and health costs. (benthamscience.com)
- Researchers first started to focus on abdominal obesity in the 1980s when they realized it had an important connection to cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. (wikipedia.org)
- Dyslipidemia in obesity is a major cause of obesityrelated CVD. (eurekaselect.com)
- More specifically, the characteristic dyslipidemia of obesity is elevated plasma triglycerides and low plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles. (eurekaselect.com)
- Replacement of GH in adults with GHD markedly reduces central obesity and substantially reduces total cholesterol levels but has produced little change in other risk factors, particularly insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. (medscape.com)
- [ 13 ] For these patients, concerns are the persistent insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, together with the elevated plasma insulin and lipoprotein(a) levels observed with GH replacement. (medscape.com)
Diabetes mellitus15
- Obesity was firstly described in 2000 as a cardiometabolic disease, even before Metabolic Syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary disease were considered as such. (benthamscience.com)
- Insulin resistance is a major feature of diabetes mellitus type 2, and central obesity is correlated with both insulin resistance and T2DM itself. (wikipedia.org)
- Sinha S, Haque M (September 04, 2022) Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Vascular Impediment as Consequences of Excess Processed Food Consumption. (diabeets.com)
- Studies showed that monosodium glutamate (MSG) induces raised echelons of oxidative stress, and excessive hepatic lipogenesis is concomitant to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (diabeets.com)
- This review explains the probable processes relevant to processed food and obesity, linking diabetes mellitus (DM) with vascular impediments and implications. (diabeets.com)
- Elevated blood fatty-acid concentrations (associated with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus Type 2), reduced muscle glucose uptake, and increased liver glucose production all contribute to elevated blood glucose levels. (thediabeticpharmacist.com)
- Obese individuals are at high risk for the development of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance, type II diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). (eurekaselect.com)
- 26 120 180 ] Body mass index (BMI) has been widely used to indicate the level of obesity, though recent studies have found that abdominal or visceral adiposity (vs subcutaneous), as reflected in the waist-to-hip ratio or waist circumference, is a strong criteria for predicting the risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- New Horizons: Epidemiology of Obesity, Diabetes Mellitus, and Cancer Prognosis. (medscape.com)
- Kooy et al found improved body weight, glycemic control, and insulin requirements when metformin was added to insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. (medscape.com)
- Because of these sustained beneficial effects, the policy to continue metformin treatment after the introduction of insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus should be followed unless contraindicated. (medscape.com)
- ABSTRACT The Arab world is experiencing an epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (who.int)
- There are alarming data related to the rising prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in children of Arab ethnicity. (who.int)
- Young people with insulin- dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) may have a higher prevalence of eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia, and adults with longstanding diabetes and major medical complications have a higher prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety. (cdc.gov)
- Elderly persons who have non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and other symptomatic medical conditions may also have a higher risk of developing psychological problems. (cdc.gov)
Abnormalities7
- PCOS is a heterogeneous disease characterized by hyperandrogenism, dysfunctional ovulation, and polycystic ovary morphology, accompanied by metabolic abnormalities, such as insulin resistance (IR) and obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
- Abnormalities in myocardial fuel substrate selection in obesity have been noted. (kauveryhospital.com)
- Not to mention other more concerning issues, like the presence of the metabolic syndrome which is a cluster of abnormalities including obesity, high blood pressure, high blood triglycerides, low levels of HDL cholesterol, and insulin resistance, which occurs even before diabetes. (diabetesreporter.com)
- the investigators reported 3 cases of alcoholic patients who had the physical and biochemical abnormalities of Cushing syndrome. (medscape.com)
- Many of these patients lacked the physical stigmata of Cushing syndrome, and some biochemical abnormalities resolved in a few days. (medscape.com)
- The alarming increase in the prevalence of obesity or MetS is likely to further exacerbate the risk for ophthalmic abnormalities associated with obesity. (molvis.org)
- GHD in adults is recognized as a distinct clinical syndrome that encompasses reduced psychological well-being and specific metabolic abnormalities. (medscape.com)
Adipose18
- Visceral adipose tissue mass secretes a number of proinflammatory cytokines, adipokines and growth factors leading to low grade inflammatory process and insulin resistance. (benthamscience.com)
- An excess of adipose visceral fat is known as central obesity, the "pot belly" or "beer belly" effect, in which the abdomen protrudes excessively. (wikipedia.org)
- And it is waistline adipose tissue (central obesity) which seems to be the foremost type of fat deposits contributing to rising levels of serum resistin. (wikipedia.org)
- Most processed food contains highly refined carbohydrates that alter insulin physiology and promote adipose tissue deposition [17,18] . (diabeets.com)
- 0.0001) and induced significant reduction in total and regional adipose tissue as well as ectopic fat in the liver. (westminster.ac.uk)
- Those who are insulin resistant have an abundance of adipose tissue in their abdominal area. (nursingcenter.com)
- Lipodystrophy, lack of adipose tissue, is also associated with insulin resistance. (cambridge.org)
- Any plausible explanation for the link between excess adipose tissue and insulin resistance needs to be able to account for this observation. (cambridge.org)
- Adipose tissue in obesity becomes refractory to suppression of fat mobilization by insulin, and also to the normal acute stimulatory effect of insulin on activation of lipoprotein lipase (involved in fat storage). (cambridge.org)
- This view of the link between adipose tissue and insulin resistance emphasises the important role of adipose tissue in 'buffering' the daily influx of dietary fat entering the circulation and preventing excessive exposure of other tissues to this influx. (cambridge.org)
- Its pathophysiology is likely to involve insulin resistance at the level of both skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue and altered fluxes of metabolic substrates between these tissues that in turn impair liver metabolism. (erudit.org)
- The increased 11β-HSD1 activity in adipose tissue in obese rats and in some but not all studies of obese humans causes visceral obesity and its metabolic consequences [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Reduction of PPAR-γ expression and generation of a pro-inflammatory environment by increased lipocalin-2 expression in white adipose tissue may contribute to stress-induced glucose intolerance. (biomedcentral.com)
- The overactivation of the sympathetic system and the promotion of a pro-inflammatory state in the adipose tissue [ 8 ] are common features of insulin resistance [ 9 - 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- When activated, PPAR-γ up-regulates the transcription of genes mainly involved in fatty acid metabolism and triglyceride storage, promoting adipogenesis and lipids uptake to the adipose tissue [ 17 , 18 ] improving whole body insulin sensitivity. (biomedcentral.com)
- This study aims to unveil biological markers that establish the molecular basis of stress-induced glucose intolerance, with a special emphasis on the visceral white adipose tissue (vWAT). (biomedcentral.com)
- There are several factors that act and interact in the regulation of food intake and energy deposition, contributing to the development and maintenance of obesity, including: endocrinal, adipose, intestinal and neuronal factors 2 . (bvsalud.org)
- However, adipose tissue growth also has limits, and the excess of energy induces inflammation, helped by the ineffective intervention of the immune system. (medscape.com)
Secretion10
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an important endogenous incretin hormone, which stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion from the pancreatic islet cells and supports glucose homeostasis [ 7 ], as well as stimulating β -cell proliferation and inhibiting β -cell apoptosis, increasing insulin sensitivity, and inhibiting glucagon secretion and gastrointestinal motility [ 7 - 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
- thus, insulin resistance results in increased insulin secretion to maintain normal glucose and lipid homeostasis. (medscape.com)
- GLP-1 is an incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion, causes B-cell mitosis while inhibiting apoptosis, inhibits glucagon secretion, and delays gastric emptying with overall antidiabetic effects. (medscape.com)
- Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and Type 2 diabetes (T2D) are clinical conditions involving the impaired uptake and utilization of glucose, altered lipid metabolism, and the disruption of the metabolic signaling pathways that regulate insulin secretion from pancreas ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
- It has been found that an increase in diacylglycerol species in insulin resistant obese and T2D subjects stimulates the secretion of insulin by the pancreas to maintain a normal glucose level ( 6 ). (frontiersin.org)
- The liver helps regulate glucose levels by reducing its secretion of glucose in the presence of insulin. (thediabeticpharmacist.com)
- Chlorpropamide may increase insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. (medscape.com)
- Tolbutamide increases insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. (medscape.com)
- These agents promote short-term insulin secretion from the pancreas and are designed to be taken immediately before meals. (medscape.com)
- Nateglinide is an amino acid derivative that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas (within 20 minutes of oral administration), which, in turn, reduces blood glucose levels. (medscape.com)
Sensitivity8
- failure of the signals or of the B cells to adapt adequately in relation to insulin sensitivity results in inappropriate insulin levels, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and type 2 diabetes. (medscape.com)
- IR is present in all phenotypes, and insulin sensitivity varies according to the PCOS phenotype. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore, recognizing the strong influence of IR on the occurrence and development of PCOS, accurate assessment of insulin sensitivity in the early stages of PCOS, and effective intervention on IR are essential to reduce the risk of long-term complications. (biomedcentral.com)
- At weeks 1 and 12, participants were assessed for body composition by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and quantification of markers of metabolism and insulin sensitivity by analyses of the plasma metabolome during two different dietary challenges - an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and a mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT). (westminster.ac.uk)
- Conclusion: Application of dietary challenges increased sensitivity to detect metabolic response to weight loss intervention. (westminster.ac.uk)
- It is essential to maintain sensitivity to insulin in order to avoid worsening diabetes. (liquid-nutrition-vitamins.com)
- This hypothesis has been formulated on the basis of strong preliminary data produced in the applicants' laboratories and will be tested with three specific aims: 1) Determine whether impaired insulin and leptin signaling in POMC neurons alters erectile function, 2) Determine whether restoring neuronal insulin and leptin sensitivity and a-MSH production improves sexual performance, and 3) Determine whether downstream oxytocin circuitry mediates the effects of a-MSH on erectile function. (grantome.com)
- they also increase peripheral insulin sensitivity. (medscape.com)
Adiposity6
- Increased adiposity (obesity) raises serum resistin levels, which in turn directly correlate to insulin resistance. (wikipedia.org)
- The primary risk factors of NASH include obesity (body mass index [BMI] >30), insulin resistance, Type II diabetes, "central adiposity" ( Paskos & Paletas, 2009 , para. (nursingcenter.com)
- A genetic predisposition associated to excessive caloric intake and a lack of physical excercise can lead to obesity and central adiposity. (biomedcentral.com)
- 180 ] While obesity is a risk factor for MetS, the fact that not all obese patients develop MetS or T2DM[ 25 106 186 196 203 230 266 ] suggests that adiposity may not be etiologic. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- A requirement of insulin resistance and abdominal adiposity as part of the diagnostic criteria depends on the group or agency proposing the definition. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- Such studies have also found that obesity tends to cluster within families, and that monozygotic twins show greater concordance in Body Mass Index (BMI) and adiposity metrics versus dizygotic twins. (biomedcentral.com)
Hepatic5
- 6 Weight loss induced by diet and exercise has also been shown to be effective in resolving NASH and improving hepatic fibrosis. (xiahepublishing.com)
- The high-carbohydrate high-fat diet induced an impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, obesity, elevated blood pressure, dyslipidaemia, cardiovascular remodelling such as hypertrophy and fibrosis, increased cardiac stiffness, hepatic disorders such as inflammation and steatosis, along with elevated plasma markers of liver function. (edu.au)
- In the literature, there is a link that NAFLD is the hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome diagnosis ( Takahashi & Fukosato, 2014 ). (nursingcenter.com)
- The metabolic counterpart is excess lipolysis driving fatty acid levels, cathecholamine-induced peripheral, hepatic insulin resistance and fatty liver disease. (kauveryhospital.com)
- Low hepatic ATP, hyperuricemia, and hepatic lipid accumulation reported in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients may reflect insufficient hepatic O 2 delivery, potentially accounting for the sympathetic overdrive associated with MetS. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Diseases14
- Abdominal obesity has been strongly linked to cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and other metabolic and vascular diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally and is a major contributor to the global burden of chronic diseases. (researchpaper.sbs)
- Further, waste products from coffee production are a potential source for new interventions in diet-induced cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. (edu.au)
- These syndromes may also be associated with immunological diseases and may exhibit distinct phenotypic characteristics. (medscape.com)
- We excluded participants with diabetes, metabolic syndrome, chronic diseases, and those who had changed food habits in the previous 3 months. (frontiersin.org)
- The plant is frequently employed in Ayurveda to relieve pain, enhance complexion, heal stomach and blood diseases, as well as to calm the central nervous system (CNS). (phytomorphology.com)
- The global prevalence of two medical conditions constituting a major burden on public health systems is on unrelenting rise over the last decades: obesity-related cardiometabolic diseases and mood disorders. (researchsquare.com)
- Her lab also studies how the normal function of the brain changes in response to alterations in body weight including obesity (excess body weight) and anorexia/cachexia (insufficient body weight), and how these changes in the brain contribute to the development of commonly associated diseases like diabetes. (exeter.ac.uk)
- Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with several degenerative diseases, including retinal degeneration. (molvis.org)
- We also study how these pathways go awry in human diseases such as cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic syndrome, in order to engineer new therapeutic modalities. (stanford.edu)
- Lysosomal function is critical for organismal homeostasis-mutations in genes encoding lysosomal proteins cause severe human disorders known as lysosomal storage diseases, and lysosome dysfunction is implicated in age-associated diseases including cancer, neurodegeneration and metabolic syndrome. (stanford.edu)
- By developing novel tools and harnessing the power of metabolomics, proteomics and functional genomics, our lab will define 1) how the lysosome communicates with other cellular compartments to fulfill the metabolic demands of the cell under various metabolic states, 2) and how its dysfunction leads to rare and common human diseases. (stanford.edu)
- We apply this knowledge to understand how lysosomal dysfunction leads to human diseases including neurodegeneration, cancer and metabolic syndrome. (stanford.edu)
- Obesity and overweight affect, worldwide, over 1.7 billion people and is associated with premature mortality, chronic diseases and increase in health costs. (bvsalud.org)
Glucose intolerance1
- The syndromes of insulin resistance actually make up a broad clinical spectrum, which includes obesity, glucose intolerance, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome, as well as an extreme insulin-resistant state. (medscape.com)
Prevalence of obesity4
- India and many other countries in South-East Asia are currently going through the so-called nutrition transition which is associated with a change in the structure of the diet and rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity. (researchpaper.sbs)
- Prevalence of obesity and severe obesity among adults: United States, 2017-2018. (msdmanuals.com)
- Saraca asoca has a high concentration of antioxidants that lower oxidative stress and the prevalence of obesity, making it the ideal option for testing for pharmaceutically related chemicals in its endophytes. (phytomorphology.com)
- In conclusion, the prevalence of obesity is increasing at an alarming rate in many parts of the world. (eurekaselect.com)
Inflammation4
- Metabolic syndrome is associated with abdominal obesity, blood lipid disorders, inflammation, insulin resistance, full-blown diabetes, and increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Diet is important in the development of metabolic syndrome assisted by increased oxidative stress and inflammation. (edu.au)
- This suggests that improving glycemic control might reduce the inflammatory response supporting the link between inflammation and glucose metabolic disturbance. (biomedcentral.com)
- ABSTRACT There is accumulating evidence suggesting that inflammation is the bridging link between cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. (who.int)
Disorders7
- My studies show the promising potential of functional foods against life-style associated metabolic disorders. (edu.au)
- The current systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was carried out to assess the influence of curcumin intake on weight among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders. (frontiersin.org)
- Overall, we have found that curcumin intake among patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders was correlated with a significant reduction in BMI, weight, WC, and leptin, and a significant increase in adiponectin levels, but did not affect HR. (frontiersin.org)
- Epidemiological studies indicate a bidirectional association between metabolic disturbances, including obesity and related pathological states, and mood disorders, most prominently major depression. (researchsquare.com)
- Acquired or inherited defects associated to environmental factors in any part of this system can lead to metabolic disorders such as the syndrome X which is presently a frequent syndrome in industrialized countries. (erudit.org)
- In addition, if necessary, specific treatment of the metabolic disorders is required. (erudit.org)
- Other risk factors include heart disease, obesity, a family history of CKD, inherited kidney disorders, past damage to the kidneys, and older age. (cdc.gov)
Epidemic3
- A notable feature of the global obesity epidemic is the appearance of overweight and obesity in childhood and early adulthood. (nature.com)
- Although the current epidemic proportions of obesity can be largely attributed to our lifestyle and food choices, there is also a strong genetic component of obesity. (biomedcentral.com)
- Epidemiological studies suggest that the prevalence and severity of obesity have increased to epidemic proportions worldwide, making it a global public health problem. (molvis.org)
MetS8
- Diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice triggers common features of human metabolic syndrome (MetS). (scienceopen.com)
- Thus, if an altered ability to oxidize FA represents an important contributor to the genesis of insulin resistance, assessing the capacity to burn fat in human subjects by RQ measurements might be a predictor of MetS and T2DM. (frontiersin.org)
- However, insulin resistance is not considered to be part of the definition in MetS. (kauveryhospital.com)
- It is the pathophysiologic aspects of obesity coupled with MetS that leads to changes in hemodynamics, atherosclerosis and calcification, myocardial metabolism, microvascular dysfunction that culminates in myocardial infarction and heart failure. (kauveryhospital.com)
- This theoretical concept is supported by experimental results in animals fed a high fructose diet to induce MetS. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- This is strongly reinforced by the fact that MetS is cured in a matter of days in a significant percentage of patients by diet, bariatric surgery, or endoluminal sleeve, all of which would decrease splanchnic oxygen demand by limiting nutrient contact with the mucosa and reducing the nutrient load due to loss of appetite or dietary restriction. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- The term MetS, or originally Syndrome X, was proposed to foster a coherent clinical approach to management and therapeutic intervention. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
- A large number of clinical studies have demonstrated that a significant percentage of patients with MetS have durable remission of comorbidities within days of bariatric surgery, calorie restriction (diet), or implantation of an endoluminal plastic sleeve that prevents nutrient contact with the proximal gastrointestinal mucosa, as discussed below. (surgicalneurologyint.com)
Metabolism4
- Background: The capacity of an individual to respond to change in food intake so that postprandial metabolic perturbations are resolved, and metabolism returns to its pre-prandial state, is called phenotypic flexibility. (westminster.ac.uk)
- Saltiel, A. R. & Kahn, C. R. Insulin signalling and the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. (nature.com)
- Due to the deranged metabolism resulting from insulin resistance, psychological effects, including depression, are not uncommon. (thediabeticpharmacist.com)
- We identified interactions between genes involved in mitochondrial dysfunction ( POLG2 ), cholesterol metabolism ( SOAT2 ), lipid metabolism ( CYP11B2 ), cell adhesion ( EZR ), cell proliferation ( MAP2K5), and insulin resistance ( IGF1R ). (biomedcentral.com)
Polycystic2
- Recommendations From the 2023 International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. (medscape.com)
- Metformin and combined oral contraceptive pills in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (medscape.com)
Glycemic control2
- Insulin resistance has also been arbitrarily defined as the requirement of 200 or more units of insulin per day to attain glycemic control and to prevent ketosis. (medscape.com)
- Given the involvement of melanocortin pathways in regulating blood pressure, obesity, and glycemic control, the proposed research has the potential to guide the development of novel and effective therapies devoid of side effects that improve both the quality of life and overall health of these patients. (grantome.com)
Impaired glucose t1
- In addition, following CUS, fasting insulin levels were increased and were accompanied by signs of impaired glucose tolerance and elevated serum corticosteroid levels. (biomedcentral.com)
Increases4
- In premenopausal women, ovarian hyperandrogenism likely increases risk by inducing chronic anovulation and progesterone deficiency. (scienceopen.com)
- There is growing evidence that early development of obesity increases cardiovascular risk later in life, but less is known about whether there are effects of long-term excess body weight on the biological drivers associated with the atherosclerotic pathway, particularly adipokines, inflammatory and endothelial markers. (nature.com)
- Epidemiological studies show that chronic stress increases the risk of diabetes and metabolic syndrome [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Insulin signaling through the insulin receptor increases linear growth through effects on bone and the GH-IGF-1 axis. (medscape.com)
T2DM1
Mechanisms7
- While awaiting the release of new drugs, topiramate, alone or combined with phentermine, has been proposed as a novel anti-obesity drug, showing relevant effects not only on weight loss but also on cardiometabolic alterations and biomarkers, even though new studies should clarify the mechanisms of these findings. (benthamscience.com)
- The mechanisms responsible for insulin resistance syndromes include genetic or primary target cell defects, autoantibodies to insulin, and accelerated insulin degradation. (medscape.com)
- Kahn, S. E., Hull, R. L. & Utzschneider, K. M. Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. (nature.com)
- The molecular mechanisms underlying this obesity-induced cardiac phenotype disorder are not well understood. (kauveryhospital.com)
- However, the biological mechanisms mediating the comorbid relationship between the deranged metabolic and mood states remain incompletely understood. (researchsquare.com)
- The mechanisms involve both direct effects on target gene expression in the insulin signaling pathway and the alteration of other key transcriptional regulators of lipid homeostasis [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The long-term goal of our research program is to elucidate mechanisms of obesity-associated coronary microvascular dysfunction and thereby identify novel pathways and therapeutic targets to reduce cardiovascular complications in these patients. (missouri.edu)
Pathways4
- GO and KEGG analysis showed that genes regulated by E2 and/or HFD are mainly responsible for immune response, inflammatory response and metabolic pathways. (scienceopen.com)
- cellular actions of insulin involve a wide variety of effects on postreceptor signaling pathways within target cells. (medscape.com)
- In the second aim, the applicants will then determine whether reactivating hypothalamic leptin and insulin pathways restores normal sexual function and offers a potential treatment strategy in cases of central insulin and leptin resistance caused by diet-induced obesity. (grantome.com)
- The Abu-Remaileh Lab is interested in identifying novel pathways that enable cellular and organismal adaptation to metabolic stress and changes in environmental conditions. (stanford.edu)
Abdominal8
- Abdominal obesity, also known as central obesity and truncal obesity, is the human condition of an excessive concentration of visceral fat around the stomach and abdomen to such an extent that it is likely to harm its bearer's health. (wikipedia.org)
- Visceral and central abdominal fat and waist circumference show a strong association with type 2 diabetes. (wikipedia.org)
- Abdominal obesity was more closely related with metabolic dysfunctions connected with cardiovascular disease than was general obesity. (wikipedia.org)
- Abdominal obesity is linked with higher cardiovascular events among South Asian ethnic population. (wikipedia.org)
- Developing asthma due to abdominal obesity is also a main concern. (wikipedia.org)
- Obesity causes decreased tidal volumes due to reduced in chest expansion that is caused both by the weight on the chest itself and the effect of abdominal obesity on flattening the diaphragms. (wikipedia.org)
- From the abstract: ' In our study, all of the 203 young adults with abdominal obesity had some rare variant in the genes associated with obesity. (cdc.gov)
- The use of targeted sequencing and clinical criteria makes it possible to identify carriers of rare clinically significant variants in a wide range of obesity-associated genes and to investigate their influence on phenotypic manifestations of abdominal obesity. (cdc.gov)
Anti-obesity3
- Atta-ur-Rahman, M. Iqbal Choudhary , " Anti-Obesity Drug Discovery and Development ", Bentham Science Publishers (2014). (benthamscience.com)
- The use of anti-obesity drug has become increasingly common in the last 30 years. (eurekaselect.com)
- Of the current anti-obesity therapies, orlistat and sibutramine do not raise plasma HDL levels, while rimonabant does directly increase HDL concentrations. (eurekaselect.com)
Fatty liver2
- Meex, R. C. R. & Watt, M. J. Hepatokines: linking nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance. (nature.com)
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a globally observed metabolic disease with high prevalence both in adults and children. (mdpi.com)
Triglycerides2
- Insulin resistance in muscle and fat cells reduces glucose uptake (and also local storage of glucose as glycogen and triglycerides , respectively), whereas insulin resistance in liver cells results in reduced glycogen synthesis and storage and a failure to suppress glucose production and release into the blood. (thediabeticpharmacist.com)
- For example, insulin resistance in fat cells reduces the normal effects of insulin on lipids and results in reduced uptake of circulating lipids and increased hydrolysis of stored triglycerides . (thediabeticpharmacist.com)
Liver steatosis3
- Fig. 4: Transfer of steatotic and metabolic phenotypes to mice through FMT of material from patients with liver steatosis grade 3. (nature.com)
- Fig. 5: Microbial PAA induces liver steatosis and BCAA use in primary human hepatocytes and mice. (nature.com)
- The sum of inflammatory signals and deranged substrate handling induce most of the metabolic syndrome traits: insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, liver steatosis, hyperlipidemia and their compounded combined effects. (medscape.com)
Abstract1
Genetic6
- Genetic and epigenetic changes, hyperandrogenaemia, and obesity aggravate IR. (biomedcentral.com)
- Causes of obesity are multifactorial and include genetic predisposition and behavioral, metabolic, and hormonal influences. (msdmanuals.com)
- Lumbar Spondylosis may be caused due to many factors that can be broadly classified into Mechanical, Congenital or Acquired Anatomic anomalies, Metabolic, Immunologic, Genetic, Nutritional, Ageing and Septic reasons. (atomictherapy.org)
- This review summarizes the major pathological factors linking obesity to diabetes, focussing on current epidemiological data related to obese diabetic patients in the Arab world, the etiology of the disease and the genetic determinants of diabetes and obesity. (who.int)
- Replication studies identify several genetic variants in Arabs with obesity- linked diabetes. (who.int)
- Beyond genetic screening-functionality-based precision medicine in monogenic obesity. (cdc.gov)
Peripheral1
- 17, 18] In obesity, postulated machanism of hyperactivation of HPA axis include hyper-responsiveness to different neuropeptides, stress events, dietary factors, or to the augmented peripheral metabolic clearance of cortisol. (medscape.com)
Hyperglycemia3
- Recent evidence has indicated that the vascular endothelial injury induced by hyperglycemia is associated with the enhanced nitrooxidative stress both in vivo and in vitro [ 3 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
- There is evidence that the endothelial dysfunction induced by hyperglycemia is associated with the enhanced nitrooxidative stress. (hindawi.com)
- This preferential lipid fuel usage and associated hyperglycemia with insulin resistance lead to a combined Gluco-lipotoxicity and higher free radical generation mediated cardiac injury leading to heart failure as a final sequel in obesity. (kauveryhospital.com)
Hypertriglyceridemia1
- Sutinen et al reported that highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with a poorly understood lipodystrophy and hypertriglyceridemia, which resembles Cushing syndrome, but in which plasma cortisol is not elevated. (medscape.com)
20171
- In August of 2017, BioMed Central, an online publisher of scientific journals, reported on a study dealing with losing pregnancy weight after having Gestational or pregnancy induced, diabetes. (diabetesreporter.com)
Alterations1
- To investigate the endometrial transcriptome profile and the associated molecular pathway alterations, we established an ovariectomized C57BL/6 mouse model treated with subcutaneous implantation of 17-β estradiol (E2) pellet and/or high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to mimic sustained estrogen stimulation and insulin resistance. (scienceopen.com)
Chronic5
- Obesity is a multifactorial disease that is currently developing a threatening tendency towards becoming the main cause of chronic disease in the world. (benthamscience.com)
- Lifestyle change is the treatment of choice for all women with PCOS, and insulin sensitization is a promising choice for the chronic treatment of women with PCOS. (biomedcentral.com)
- Obesity is a chronic, multifactorial, relapsing disorder characterized by excess body weight and defined as a body mass index (BMI) of ≥ 30 kg/m2. (msdmanuals.com)
- The ABOM stresses obesity be considered a chronic disorder that requires lifelong treatment and follow-up. (msdmanuals.com)
- With the aim of gaining insights into the latter, this study examined the metabolic profile of young adult male rats that were exposed to chronic unpredictable stress. (biomedcentral.com)
Effects of insulin2
- Insulin resistance normally refers to reduced glucose-lowering effects of insulin. (thediabeticpharmacist.com)
- This suggests that, due to the effects of insulin, instead of the glucose in the blood staying in the system, it will be more quickly assimilated into the body. (liquid-nutrition-vitamins.com)
Regulate3
- Ambient insulin levels, various physiologic and disease states, and drugs regulate insulin receptor concentration or affinity. (medscape.com)
- Here we tested the hypothesis that the enhanced activation of brown fat tissue (BAT), known to beneficially regulate obesity and accompanying dysfunctional metabolic states, is also paralleled by an alteration of affective behaviour. (researchsquare.com)
- These hormones regulate the body's growth, and are involved in cell to cell communication, control metabolic activity, sleep-wake homeostasis, and altered regulation or dysregulation of adaptive response in various physiologic and pathophysiologic states. (medscape.com)
Overweight and obesity3
- The objectives were to find the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the urban population of Jamnagar and to explore the effect of dietary factors on the weight status of the people. (researchpaper.sbs)
- The prevalence of overweight and obesity was found to be 22.04% and 5.20%, respectively. (researchpaper.sbs)
- In the Western countries, cutoff points of 25 and 30 kg/m2 are used for describing overweight and obesity. (eurekaselect.com)
Leptin5
- The central hypothesis is that insulin and leptin resistance in POMC neurons promotes ED by reducing aMSH production and oxytocin signaling. (grantome.com)
- Under the first aim, novel cell type-specific tools will be used to allow acute neuronal manipulation to examine the role of POMC-specific insulin and leptin resistance in ED in a unique mouse model of prediabetes. (grantome.com)
- Antagonizing the Leptin Receptor in Obesity. (cdc.gov)
- Leptin was once hailed as a treatment for most cases of childhood obesity but quickly lost favor when resistance to leptin was noted. (cdc.gov)
- Most genes causing monogenic obesity are implicated in the central energy regulatory circuits of the leptin-melanocortin pathway. (cdc.gov)
Glucagon2
- A decrease in insulin/glucagon ratio inhibits glycolysis which in turn decreases energy production. (thediabeticpharmacist.com)
- The pancreas lies in the curve of the duodenum and controls the level of sugar in the blood by secreting insulin and glucagon. (medscape.com)
Stimulates2
- Glipizide is a second-generation sulfonylurea that stimulates the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells. (medscape.com)
- Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells. (medscape.com)
Cardiovascular and metabolic1
- The metabolic syndrome requires aggressive control of cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors. (medscape.com)
Globally1
- For the last few decades, obesity has appeared as a significant public health issue globally [6] . (diabeets.com)
Therapeutic6
- The first step in the therapeutic strategy against obesity should be the correct diagnosis of its causes and the promotion of lifestyle changes including physical exercise and a healthy diet. (benthamscience.com)
- Plant-based diets provide potential therapeutic approaches to metabolic syndrome. (edu.au)
- Thus, HDL rising in obesity is an attractive therapeutic target. (eurekaselect.com)
- Therapeutic intervention favours at present diet and exercise prescriptions. (erudit.org)
- Is metabolic and bariatric surgery a safe and effective therapeutic option for adolescents with severe obesity? (medscape.com)
- Secondary causes of obesity are often sought but rarely found, and few can be addressed by successful therapeutic interventions. (cdc.gov)
Endocrine2
- The predominance of central, viscerally deposited fat may alter the immunological, metabolic and endocrine milieu. (benthamscience.com)
- However, many other factors appear to increase a person's predisposition to obesity, including endocrine disruptors (eg, bisphenol A [BPA]), gut microbiome, sleep/wake cycles, and environmental factors. (msdmanuals.com)
Type12
- metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular lesions and malignancies. (benthamscience.com)
- We hypothesized that a respiratory quotient might predict metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes onset. (frontiersin.org)
- Two individuals developed type 2 diabetes and 10 metabolic syndrome after 1 year. (frontiersin.org)
- Metabolic syndrome is a combination of conditions that include insulin resistance/Type II diabetes, HTN, hyperlipidemia, and obesity. (nursingcenter.com)
- In type 2 diabetes, the body gradually has reduced effectiveness when utilizing its insulin. (liquid-nutrition-vitamins.com)
- Type 2 diabetes interferes with the body's natural system of responding to insulin as the body becomes less sensitive to its own insulin. (liquid-nutrition-vitamins.com)
- Helping the body to utilize its own insulin is of the utmost importance in treating type 2 diabetes, as this disorder is caused by insulin resistance. (liquid-nutrition-vitamins.com)
- The rationale for these studies is that they will be the first to address whether diabetes is accompanied by defective melanocortin signaling that may cause or exacerbate ED. The rising number of men with obesity and type 2 diabetes makes this research highly significant. (grantome.com)
- Insulin resistance underlies a constellation of adverse metabolic and physiological changes (the insulin resistance syndrome) which is a strong risk factor for development of type 2 diabetes and CHD. (cambridge.org)
- G6P availability directly modulates the activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11βHSD1), an ER-bound enzyme playing a key role in the development of the metabolic syndrome (MS). (biomedcentral.com)
- Ginger may lower blood sugar and improve factors related to the development of type 2 diabetes, such as insulin resistance. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Insulin resistance is associated with the capillary permeability of thigh muscles in patients with type 2 diabetes. (medscape.com)
Multifactorial1
- Obesity is a multifactorial, highly complex medical condition involving abnormal or excessive body fat accumulation that can cause health impairment. (molvis.org)
Lipodystrophy1
- LMNA mutations ( Familial Partial Lipodystrophy ) Insulin resistance may also be caused by the damage of liver cells having undergone a defect of insulin receptors in hepatocytes. (thediabeticpharmacist.com)
Vascular2
- Based on studies, it is evident that obesity has a strong association with vascular and metabolic disease which could potentially be linked to Alzheimer's disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Bender SB , McGraw AP, Jaffe IZ, Sowers JR. Perspectives: Mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated vascular insulin resistance: an early contributor to diabetes-related vascular dysfunction? (missouri.edu)
Phenotype3
- Subjects with T2D, especially those with LDL phenotype B and obesity, have higher levels of inflammatory biomarkers. (biomedcentral.com)
- Some frequently occurring illnesses can induce a phenotype that largely overlaps with Cushing syndrome and is accompanied by hypercorticolism. (medscape.com)
- In these instances, this phenotype is called a pseudo-Cushing syndrome (PCS). (medscape.com)
Hyperlipidemia1
- They come together as a symbiotic relationship, such as obesity coupled with insulin resistance, and with these come HTN and hyperlipidemia. (nursingcenter.com)
NAFLD1
- Both NAFLD and its progression into NASH are seen almost simultaneously, with at least some of the components of metabolic syndrome. (nursingcenter.com)
Secreted by the pancreas2
- If insulin resistance exists, more insulin needs to be secreted by the pancreas. (thediabeticpharmacist.com)
- A hormone secreted by the pancreas, insulin aids in moderating blood sugar levels by transporting glucose from the blood into cells where it can be utilized to generate energy. (liquid-nutrition-vitamins.com)
Dietary6
- Total calorie intake as well as composition of diet was the important dietary factor affecting weight gain. (researchpaper.sbs)
- Aims: In this parallel randomized controlled trial study, an energy-restricted healthy diet and two dietary challenges were used to assess the effect of weight loss on phenotypic flexibility. (westminster.ac.uk)
- Weight loss correlated with the magnitude of changes in metabolic responses to the dietary challenges. (westminster.ac.uk)
- This review is focused on the fate of dietary glucose under conditions of chronically high energy (largely fat) intake, evolving into the metabolic syndrome. (medscape.com)
- We are not prepared for excess dietary energy, our main defenses being decreased food intake and increased energy expenditure, largely enhanced metabolic activity and thermogenesis. (medscape.com)
- Dietary lipids favor their metabolic processing, saving glucose, which additionally spares amino acids. (medscape.com)
Lipid accumulation1
- A new study finds that adipocyte SLC7A10 impairments may impact lipid accumulation during insulin resistance in patients with obesity. (medscape.com)
Dysfunction7
- In obese subjects, adipokines and miokines interact to promote reticulum stress, insulin resistance, metabolic inflexibility and endothelial dysfunction. (benthamscience.com)
- Chronically elevated levels of these biomarkers promote insulinresistance in skeletal muscle and endothelial dysfunction, as well as liberation of CRP from the liver [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The central premise of our work is that coronary microvascular dysfunction and the resultant impairment of coronary blood flow control is an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in obese, diabetic patients. (missouri.edu)
- Current projects in the laboratory focus on the role of the aldosterone-binding mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) as a mediator of coronary and cardiac dysfunction in obesity. (missouri.edu)
- Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition with saxagliptin ameliorates angiotensin II-induced cardiac diastolic dysfunction in male mice. (missouri.edu)
- Bender SB , Castorena-Gonzalez JA, Garro M, Reyes-Aldasoro CC, Sowers JR, DeMarco VG, Martinez-Lemus LA. Regional variation in arterial stiffening and dysfunction in Western diet-induced obesity. (missouri.edu)
- Executive dysfunction in Klinefelter syndrome: associations with brain activation and testicular failure. (medscape.com)
Cluster1
- It may also decrease risk factors of metabolic syndrome, a cluster of conditions that raise the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Excess2
- Unhealthy diets leading to an excessive calorie intake coupled with sedentary lifestyles are the most common causes of obesity and excess weight. (kauveryhospital.com)
- In the Southern region the prevalence of excess weight was 56.8% for males and 51.6% in females as well as being the region with the highest percentage of obesity: 15.9% of men and 19.6% of women. (bvsalud.org)