• The Pim family of serine/threonine protein kinases (Pim 1, 2, and 3) contribute to cellular transformation by regulating glucose metabolism, protein synthesis, and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. (oncotarget.com)
  • To identify novel substrates, bioinformatics analysis was carried out to identify proteins containing a consensus Pim phosphorylation site. (oncotarget.com)
  • This phosphorylation was shown to have effects on the half-life of the IRS family of proteins, suggesting a role in insulin or IGF signaling. (oncotarget.com)
  • An insulin-sensitive serine/threonine kinase casein kinase II mediates a portion of the insulin-stimulated serine/threonine phosphorylation of overexpressed IRS-1 in vivo. (thermofisher.com)
  • Thus, casein kinase II-catalyzed phosphorylation of IRS-1 may be a component of the intracellular insulin signaling cascade. (thermofisher.com)
  • Depending upon the receptor, IRS2 undergoes phosphorylation, either via Tyk2 following type I IFN binding, or via JAK1 and 3 following IL-4, -7 and -15 binding. (rndsystems.com)
  • This was associated with DIM‐enhanced phosphorylation of the signaling intermediates Akt, insulin receptor substrate‐1, and insulin receptor early in differentiation. (researchgate.net)
  • It is worth noting that we have found the key upstream target of DOX-induced HF, PTP1B, which inhibits the expression of HIF-1α by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IRS, leading to disorders of fatty acid metabolism and glycolysis, which together with the decrease of Nrf2, SOD, Cytc, and AK4 proteins lead to oxidative stress. (frontiersin.org)
  • Maternal WSD reduced insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and impaired insulin signaling at the level of Akt phosphorylation in fetal muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In juvenile offspring, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake was similarly reduced by both maternal and postweaning WSD and corresponded to modest reductions in insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation relative to controls. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The TORC1-activated Proteins, p70S6K and GRB10, Regulate IL-4 Signaling and M2 Macrophage Polarization by Modulating Phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-2, Journal of Biological Chemistry (2016). (medicalxpress.com)
  • Akt activation leads to the phosphorylation and inactivation of various downstream targets, including glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3), which regulates glycogen synthesis, and the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which controls protein synthesis and cell growth. (ebiwinner.com)
  • On the other hand, interestingly, one of the key downstream insulin signaling molecules, protein kinase-B (PKB, or Akt) and its phosphorylation (pAkt) were significantly increased for cyclically stretched adipocytes relative to unstretched control. (unl.edu)
  • Moreover, cyclic stretch upregulated the phosphorylation of 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (pAMPK). (unl.edu)
  • Combined data may suggest that mechanical stretch activates the insulin signaling pathway downstream of IRS-1, and possibly by the phosphorylation of Akt through AMPK activation. (unl.edu)
  • Since it is known that adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin can instigate their insulin signaling sensitizing effect via AMPK and Akt, we propose a mechanism that mechanical stretching of adipocytes may induce the secretion of insulin sensitizing adipokines like leptin and/or adiponectin, which in turn activates AMPK and Akt phosphorylation and, ultimately, improves insulin signaling in the adipose tissue. (unl.edu)
  • The post receptor pathways that cause the insulin resistance include decreased phosphorylation of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1 and activation of Akt/PKB. (massgeneral.org)
  • In Fao or NIH3T3 cells stably expressing IR, overexpression of PKCζ enhances the dissociation from IR and decrease in IRS1 tyrosine phosphorylation caused by prolonged insulin stimulation (Riu et al. (reactome.org)
  • Insulin stimulates PKCzeta -mediated phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). (reactome.org)
  • In cultured human aortic endothelial cell (HAEC) models, insulin stimulates an intracellular signalling cascade resulting in activating phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1), Protein kinase B (PKB. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Upon tyrosine phosphorylation, insulin receptor substrate proteins interact with specific SH2 DOMAIN containing proteins that are involved in insulin receptor signaling. (bvsalud.org)
  • Further, HMW adiponectin pretreatment decreases glycogen synthase kinase-3ß (GSK-3ß) inactivation by abrogating LPS-induced Akt (Ser473) phosphorylation, which subsequently suppresses LPS-induced CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ß (C/EBPß) protein translation and nuclear translocation. (bvsalud.org)
  • This analysis identified the insulin receptor substrate 1 and 2 (IRS1/2) as potential Pim substrates. (oncotarget.com)
  • Our study demonstrates in both malignant and normal cells using either genetic or pharmacological inhibition of the Pim kinases or overexpression of this family of enzymes that human IRS1 S1101 and IRS2 S1149 are Pim substrates. (oncotarget.com)
  • These results demonstrate that IRS1 S1101 is a novel substrate for the Pim kinases and provide a novel marker for evaluation of Pim inhibitor therapy. (oncotarget.com)
  • IRS1 (see also Insulin receptor substrate 1) IRS2 (see also Insulin receptor substrate 2) IRS3P - a pseudogene IRS4 van der Geer P, Wiley S, Pawson T (1999). (wikipedia.org)
  • mTORC1 contributes to insulin resistance by causing proteasomal degradation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins, such as IRS1, which are necessary for the recruitment of PI3K to growth factor receptors. (sciety.org)
  • Human recombinant protein fragment corresponding to amino acids 1-280 of human IRS1 produced in E.coli. (thermofisher.com)
  • Heterozygous disruption of Pik3r1 improves insulin signaling and glucose homeostasis in normal mice and mice made insulin-resistant by heterozygous deletion of the Insulin receptor and/or insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS1) genes. (jci.org)
  • Participants underwent vastus lateralis muscle biopsies before and 30-minutes post exercise to assess phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK Tyr397 ), insulin receptor substrate 1 ( PanTyr IRS1), and ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1 (p70S6K Thr389 ) via ELISA. (wku.edu)
  • Deletion of Irsl produces a mild metabolic phenotype with compensated insulin resistance but also causes marked growth retardation. (silverchair.com)
  • In contrast, mice lacking IRS-2 display nearly normal growth but develop diabetes owing to a combination of peripheral insulin resistance and β-cell failure. (silverchair.com)
  • Metabolic syndrome (syndrome X, insulin resistance) is a multifactorial disease with multiple risk factors that arises from insulin resistance accompanying abnormal adipose deposition and function. (medscape.com)
  • Furthermore, Pik3r1 heterozygosity protects mice with genetic insulin resistance from developing diabetes. (jci.org)
  • de la Monte SM, Longato L, Tong M, Wands JR (2009) Insulin resistance and neurodegeneration: roles of obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. (springer.com)
  • Biessels GJ, Reagan LP (2015) Hippocampal insulin resistance and cognitive dysfunction. (springer.com)
  • Dekker MJ, Su Q, Baker C, Rutledge AC, Adeli K (2010) Fructose: a highly lipogenic nutrient implicated in insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and the metabolic syndrome. (springer.com)
  • Insulin resistance is a major metabolic feature of obesity and is a key factor in the etiology of a number of diseases, including type 2 diabetes. (jci.org)
  • In this review, we discuss potential mechanisms by which brief nutrient excess and obesity lead to insulin resistance and propose that these mechanisms of action are different but interrelated. (jci.org)
  • We then discuss how obesity leads to insulin resistance via a complex interplay among systemic fatty acid excess, microhypoxia in adipose tissue, ER stress, and inflammation. (jci.org)
  • In particular, we focus on the hypothesis that the macrophage is an important cell type in the propagation of inflammation and induction of insulin resistance in obesity. (jci.org)
  • Insulin resistance is defined as an inadequate response by insulin target tissues, such as skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue, to the physiologic effects of circulating insulin. (jci.org)
  • The causes of insulin resistance can be genetic and/or acquired. (jci.org)
  • Nonetheless, it is likely that any genetic component must interact with environmental factors in order for insulin resistance to develop into a pathophysiologically meaningful abnormality. (jci.org)
  • In the presence of a robust compensatory insulin secretory response to insulin resistance, glucose levels can remain relatively normal. (jci.org)
  • Critically ill patients also have insulin resistance, which leads to hyperglycemia, decreased glucose uptake in muscle, enhanced gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis and decreased protein anabolism. (massgeneral.org)
  • Insulin resistance states are associated with endothelial dysfunction, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this association are incompletely understood. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Metabolic syndrome is consists of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL cholesterol and hypertension and is an important risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of insulin resistance in Egyptian patients with chronic HCV genotype 4 infection, to assess factors associated with insulin resistance and to test the impact of insulin resistance on outcomes of treatment with pegylated interferon/ribavirin. (who.int)
  • This study confirms that insulin resistance affects treatment outcome, and thus HOMA-IR testing before initiation of therapy may be a cost-effective tool. (who.int)
  • Hypertriglyceridemia is indicative of insulin resistance when present with low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), while elevated triglyceride is a clinical risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), especially when low HDL is present. (medscape.com)
  • Characteristics of insulin resistance in Korean adults from the perspective of circadian and metabolic sensing genes. (cdc.gov)
  • 4 infection, to assess factors associated with insulin resistance and to test the impact of insulin resistance on outcomes of treatment with pegylated interferon/ribavirin. (who.int)
  • conditions such as insulin resistance in the most prevalent genotype in Egypt patients with HCV infection. (who.int)
  • Adding to this grow- genotype 4, to assess factors associated proportion of Egyptians estimated to be ing body of evidence, it is now suggested with insulin resistance in those patients chronically infected was 9.8% ( 1 ). (who.int)
  • The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway plays crucial roles in cell viability and protein synthesis and is frequently co-opted by viruses to support their replication. (sciety.org)
  • They act as mediators between multiple growth factor receptors that possess tyrosine kinase activity, such as the insulin and insulin growth factor receptors, and a complex network of intracellular signalling molecules, resulting in activation of, for example, the PI3K and RAS/ERK pathways and subsequent transcription of target genes. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
  • Pleckstrin, the protein where this domain was first detected, is the major substrate of protein kinase C in platelets. (embl.de)
  • A critical component of insulin action is the enzyme phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase. (jci.org)
  • Reduced expression of p85 modulates the molecular balance between this protein, the p110 catalytic subunit of PI 3-kinase, and the IRS proteins. (jci.org)
  • Thus, despite the decrease in p85α, PI 3-kinase activation is normal, insulin-stimulated Akt activity is increased, and glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity are improved. (jci.org)
  • The key components of the Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway include the IGF-1 receptor, insulin receptor substrate proteins (IRS), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). (ebiwinner.com)
  • One key insight into the Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway is the involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt. (ebiwinner.com)
  • This class of drug has been reported to exert PPAR gamma receptor dependent as well as receptor independent effects, possibly via AMP kinase activation (AMPK) but the precise mode of action resulting in improved cardiovascular outcome remains uncertain.We studied the effects of rosigl. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • A structurally-related group of signaling proteins that are phosphorylated by the INSULIN RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE. (bvsalud.org)
  • Despite significant homology between IRS-1 and IRS-2, recent studies have revealed distinct functions for these adaptor proteins in regulating breast cancer progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Mice lacking insulin receptor substrate-2 (Irs2) develop beta cell failure, suggesting that insulin signaling is required to maintain an adequate beta cell mass. (nih.gov)
  • IRS2 (insulin receptor substrate 2) is a 180-190 kDa substrate intermediate that lies between various cytokine receptors and downstream signaling molecules. (rndsystems.com)
  • As well as the classical metabolic events regulated by insulin signalling pathways, studies in lower organisms have implicated insulin/IGF-1 signalling pathways in the control of food intake and reproductive function. (silverchair.com)
  • Coupled with recent observations that brain-specific deletion of the insulin receptor causes a similar phenotype, these findings implicate IRS signalling pathways in the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction and energy homeostasis. (silverchair.com)
  • In response to insulin stimulation, this complex bound to tyrosine-phosphorylated IRS-1 (insulin receptor substrate-1) and Shc. (nih.gov)
  • This study aimed to determine whether I3C or DIM could increase glucose uptake via enhanced insulin sensitivity in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes, as well as the mechanism involved. (researchgate.net)
  • Conclusions Our findings suggest that DIM may improve insulin sensitivity through the activation of the insulin signaling pathway, leading to enhanced glucose uptake. (researchgate.net)
  • DIM, a major metabolite of indole-3-carbinol, which is naturally produced in broccoli and cabbage, enhances glucose uptake through the improvement of insulin sensitivity in 3T3-L1 cells [13] . (researchgate.net)
  • Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Keim NL et al (2009) Consuming fructose-sweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increase visceral adiposity and lipids and decrease insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese men. (springer.com)
  • Overall, we provide our integrative perspective regarding how nutrients and obesity interact to regulate insulin sensitivity. (jci.org)
  • The hallmarks of impaired insulin sensitivity in these three tissues are decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle, impaired insulin-mediated inhibition of hepatic glucose production in liver, and a reduced ability of insulin to inhibit lipolysis in adipose tissue. (jci.org)
  • In this study, with the assumption that adipose tissue can be mechanically responsive (as is the case for well-known musculoskeletal tissues), we hypothesized that mechanical loading applied to the adipose tissue and its component cells, such as adipocytes, may play a role in the exercise control of insulin sensitivity. (unl.edu)
  • Insulin receptor substrate protein 53 (IRSp53) as a binding partner of anti-metasatasis molecule NESH, a member of Abelson interactor prote in family. (nii.ac.jp)
  • The insulin receptor substrate p53 (IRSp53), an Src homology 3 (SH3) adapter protein and regulator of the actin cytoskeleton, was identified as an espin-binding protein in yeast two-hybrid screens. (northwestern.edu)
  • Thus, the PC espins exhibit the properties of modular actin-bundling proteins with the potential to influence the organization and dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton in PC dendritic spines and to participate in multiprotein complexes involving SH3 domain-containing proteins, such as IRSp53. (northwestern.edu)
  • The FH1 domain is also a binding site for diverse SH3-domain containing proteins like Src-like non-receptor tyrosine kinases, WISH (WASP-interacting SH3 protein) and IRSp53 (insulin receptor substrate) in mammals, and Hof1p in yeast [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia and alterations in carbohydrate, lipid, and protein metabolism, associated with absolute or relative deficiencies in insulin secretion and/or insulin action [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The physiological functions of the Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway include regulation of growth and development, metabolism, tissue repair, and immune function. (ebiwinner.com)
  • Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a member of a family of growth factors that are structurally closely related to pro-insulin, has shown profound effects on chondrocyte biological behavior and fundamentally regulates cartilage matrix metabolism during cartilage repair. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Role of beta-2 adrenergic receptor polymorphism (rs1042714) on body weight and glucose metabolism response to a meal-replacement hypocaloric diet. (cdc.gov)
  • This study aims to identify insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) gene polymorphism Gly972Arg as the risk factor for ischemic stroke among Indonesian subjects. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (insulin-dependent diabetes) is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by an insulin deficiency. (researchgate.net)
  • Physical exercise has been demonstrated to positively affect insulin signaling activities potentially through increasing the secretion of insulin sensitizing adipokines and/or decreasing the secretion of pro-inflammatory insulin desensitizing adipokines. (unl.edu)
  • However, cellular and molecular level mechanisms governing the exercise control of circulating adipokine secretion and its control of insulin signaling are not known. (unl.edu)
  • In addition to serving as energy storage for the body, evidence also suggests that adipose tissue behaves as an endocrine organ capable of secreting bioactive cytokines known as adipokines, which mediate insulin signaling pathways in various tissues. (unl.edu)
  • The fusion of insulin-stimulated GLUT4-containing vesicles (GSV) with the plasma membrane (PM) of adipose or skeletal muscle cells is governed by regulated exocytosis. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • A family of insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins mediates the pleiotropic effects of insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) on cellular function by recruiting several intracellular signalling networks. (silverchair.com)
  • SIK2 is found in adipocytes and phosphorylates a specific serine residue in insulin receptor substrate-1. (axonmedchem.com)
  • Upon activation of the receptor, PI3K is recruited to the receptor complex and phosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) to generate phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3). (ebiwinner.com)
  • The goal of these studies was to identify Pim substrate(s) that could help define the pathway regulated by these enzymes and potentially serve as a biomarker of Pim activity. (oncotarget.com)
  • 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM)-a natural compound produced from indole-3-carbinol, found in cruciferous vegetables-enhances glucose uptake by increasing the activation of the insulin signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (researchgate.net)
  • The switch, they say, is composed of regulatory proteins that control an immune signaling pathway in cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Asthma patients are constantly firing through this pathway because those proteins are stuck in the 'on' position, without proper control by other proteins that shut down this reaction," says Nicola Heller, Ph.D., assistant professor of anesthesiology and critical care medicine at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The new research , reported Nov. 25 in the Journal of Biological Chemistry , investigated the role of two proteins, GRB10 and p70S6K, in the control of the signaling pathway that activates M2 cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • In their previous work , also published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry Sept. 23, Heller's group found that the inflammatory pathway involving the two proteins begins with interleukin 4 (IL-4), an immune system chemical that passes through a protein named IRS-2 before activating the M2 cells. (medicalxpress.com)
  • The IGF-1 receptor signaling pathway plays a crucial role in cell growth, proliferation, and survival. (ebiwinner.com)
  • Learn more about the IGF-1 receptor signaling pathway and its potential as a therapeutic target. (ebiwinner.com)
  • The Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway is a cellular signaling pathway that is activated by the binding of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) to its receptor on the cell surface. (ebiwinner.com)
  • What are the key components of the Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway? (ebiwinner.com)
  • How does the Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway regulate cell growth and survival? (ebiwinner.com)
  • The Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway regulates cell growth and survival by activating downstream signaling molecules that promote cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis, and stimulate protein synthesis. (ebiwinner.com)
  • Dysregulation of the Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. (ebiwinner.com)
  • What are the potential therapeutic targets in the Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway? (ebiwinner.com)
  • Potential therapeutic targets in the Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway include the IGF-1 receptor itself, as well as downstream signaling molecules such as PI3K, AKT, and mTOR. (ebiwinner.com)
  • The Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway is regulated by various mechanisms, including ligand availability, receptor expression and activation, as well as negative feedback loops and cross-talk with other signaling pathways. (ebiwinner.com)
  • What are the current research efforts focused on in the field of Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway? (ebiwinner.com)
  • Current research efforts in the field of Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway are focused on understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying its regulation, identifying novel therapeutic targets, and developing strategies to modulate its activity for the treatment of various diseases. (ebiwinner.com)
  • This pathway is activated by the binding of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) to its receptor, leading to the activation of downstream signaling cascades. (ebiwinner.com)
  • Understanding the Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway has important implications for various diseases, including cancer. (ebiwinner.com)
  • In conclusion, the Igf 1 receptor signaling pathway is a complex and highly regulated pathway that plays a critical role in various biological processes. (ebiwinner.com)
  • One recognized pathway for accelerated muscle protein breakdown is the ubiquitin-proteosome pathway. (massgeneral.org)
  • The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway has been implicated in articular cartilage repair. (biomedcentral.com)
  • As a proof-ofconcept test, we applied cyclic stretch loading to the adipocyte model, differentiated adipocytes from 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and evaluated stretch-induced activation of key insulin signaling molecules. (unl.edu)
  • IRS-1, a major substrate of the insulin receptor, is phosphorylated in response to stimulation of cells by insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). (thermofisher.com)
  • Involved in the activation of AKT1 upon stimulation by receptor tyrosine kinases ligands such as EGF, insulin, IGF1, VEGFA and PDGF. (nih.gov)
  • Our results establish espin as an essential protein for hearing and vestibular function in humans. (bmj.com)
  • The lab has used conditional knockouts to complement in vitro models using primary islets from humans/rodents to dissect cross-talk between insulin/IGF-I, glucose, and incretin (glucagon like-peptide-1) signaling pathways in islet cells. (joslin.org)
  • In humans, low protein intake by women in late but intrauterine exposure was (20). (cdc.gov)
  • Our studies have demonstrated apoptosis in muscles following critical illness and/or immobilization alone, with upregulation of certain death-inducing molecules and downregulation of some anti-apoptotic genes and/or their proteins. (massgeneral.org)
  • Sometimes various globular proteins embedded in the matrix function as receptors and help transport molecules across the membrane. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Drugs targeting the Pim protein kinases are being tested in phase I/II clinical trials for the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies. (oncotarget.com)
  • Insulin-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases [ERKs, also known as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases] is mediated by Ras. (nih.gov)
  • Ser/Thr protein kinases such as the Akt/Rac family, the beta-adrenergic receptor kinases, the mu isoform of PKC and the trypanosomal NrkA family. (embl.de)
  • Tyrosine protein kinases belonging to the Btk/Itk/Tec subfamily. (embl.de)
  • In contrast to the activated epidermal growth factor receptor that binds the GRB2-Sos complex directly, activation of the insulin receptor results in the interaction of GRB2-Sos with IRS-1 and Shc, thus linking the insulin receptor to Ras signaling pathways. (nih.gov)
  • Here, we show that insulin-induced activation of ERKs was enhanced by stable overexpression of growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 (GRB2) but not by overexpression of GRB2 proteins with point mutations in the Src homology 2 and 3 domains. (nih.gov)
  • Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains are small modular domains that occur in a large variety of proteins. (embl.de)
  • Formins are multidomain proteins defined by a conserved FH2 (formin homology 2) domain with actin nucleation activity preceded by a proline-rich FH1 (formin homology 1) domain. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The proteins share an N-terminal PLECKSTRIN HOMOLOGY DOMAIN, a phosphotyrosine-binding domain that interacts with the phosphorylated INSULIN RECEPTOR, and a C-terminal TYROSINE-rich domain. (bvsalud.org)
  • Thus, the insulin receptor binds IRS. (wikipedia.org)
  • Mouse protein citron, a putative rho/rac effector that binds to the GTP-bound forms of rho and rac. (embl.de)
  • RQ-PCR and Western blot analysis confirmed overexpression of IRS4 at the gene and protein level. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
  • The t(X;7)(q22;q34) in paediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia results in overexpression of the insulin receptor substrate 4 gene through illegitimate recombination with the T-cell receptor beta locus. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)
  • Description of the protein which includes the UniProt Function and the NCBI Gene Summary. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) [ 13 ], and 5-lipoxygenase gene activating protein (ALOX5AP) [ 14 ], were shown to be significantly related with ischemic stroke due to progressive changes in the walls of blood vessels resulting in the increased atherosclerosis process. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In conclusion, cognitive deficits induced by chronic liquid fructose consumption are not exclusively related to increased caloric intake and are correlated with hypertriglyceridemia, impaired insulin signaling, increased oxidative stress and altered mitochondrial dynamics, especially in the frontal cortex. (springer.com)
  • We propose that insulin/IGFs regulate beta cell proliferation by relieving Foxo1 inhibition of Pdx1 expression in a subset of cells embedded within pancreatic ducts. (nih.gov)
  • These results indicate that the two intestinal secretory peptides antagonistically regulate adult lifespan and intestinal senescence through multiple pathways, irrespective of insulin, which implicates a complementary gradient distribution of each of the hormone-producing EEs, consistent with local requirements for cell activity along the posterior midgut. (bioone.org)
  • We discuss how pathways that "sense" nutrients within skeletal muscle are readily able to regulate insulin action. (jci.org)
  • abstract = "We identified a group of actin-binding-bundling proteins that are expressed in cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs) but are not detected in other neurons of the CNS. (northwestern.edu)
  • We used a Japanese macaque model to investigate whether maternal obesity combined with a Western-style diet (WSD) impairs offspring muscle insulin action. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • These proteins are novel isoforms of the actin-bundling protein espin that arise through the use of a unique site for transcriptional initiation and differential splicing. (northwestern.edu)
  • First, the lab is investigating the significance of growth factor signaling mechanisms in the regulation of islet biology by creating genetic models to examine the roles of insulin/IGF-1 receptors and their substrate proteins. (joslin.org)
  • Magnesium Status, Genetic Variants of Magnesium-Related Ion Channel Transient Receptor Potential Membrane Melastatin 6 (TRPM6) and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Chinese Pregnant Women: A Nested Case-Control Study. (cdc.gov)
  • Diabetes is caused by an absolute (type 1) or relative (type 2) deficiency of insulin-producing beta cells. (nih.gov)
  • Previous studies have found that DIM can improve type 2 diabetes by enhancing glucose uptake through the activation of insulin signaling in 3T3-L1 cells, and by lowering the plasma glucose levels in high-fat-diet-fed obese mice [13, 14]. (researchgate.net)
  • In this study, we investigated whether DIM could improve insulin-dependent diabetes and nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. (researchgate.net)
  • In a cross-sectional study of 48 AD patients without diabetes, 20 cognitively normal diabetic patients, 16 patients with frontotemporal dementia, and 84 cognitively normal controls, researchers found that dysfunctionally phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), a neuronal protein, is detectable in blood using exosome-based technology and may be able to predict AD up to 10 years before the appearance of symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • The researchers saw that decreased GRB10 and p70S6K activity resulted in more of the "on" form of IRS-2, meaning these proteins are responsible for turning off IRS-2 and thereby downstream M2 production. (medicalxpress.com)
  • Insulin receptor substrate (IRS) is an important ligand in the insulin response of human cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • PIP3 plays a key role by recruiting PH domain-containing proteins to the membrane, including AKT1 and PDPK1, activating signaling cascades involved in cell growth, survival, proliferation, motility and morphology. (nih.gov)
  • This was the first study to suggest that smoking tension and vascular defects (8,9), altered fetal pancreatic during pregnancy is linked to adverse changes in the lipo- development and structure (10), altered glucose tolerance protein levels of children (19). (cdc.gov)
  • Therefore, the anabolic actions of insulin, including glucose uptake and protein synthesis are impaired in critical illness of burns. (massgeneral.org)
  • This phenotype co-segregates with either of two frameshift mutations, 1988delAGAG and 2469delGTCA, in ESPN , which encodes a calcium-insensitive actin-bundling protein called espin. (bmj.com)
  • To achieve this ordering, many cell cycle-regulatory proteins are expressed exclusively when their functions are needed. (umassmed.edu)
  • The Benanti lab is interested in understanding why cyclical expression of key regulatory proteins is important for maintaining a stable genome. (umassmed.edu)
  • The activity of two regulatory proteins , GRB10 and p70S6K, increased after IL-4 exposure compared to the same cells that were not exposed to IL-4. (medicalxpress.com)
  • glucocorticoids, protein restrictions, and maternal diet and obesity. (cdc.gov)
  • Several S. cerevisiae proteins involved in cell cycle regulation and bud formation like BEM2, BEM3, BUD4 and the BEM1-binding proteins BOI2 (BEB1) and BOI1 (BOB1). (embl.de)
  • In addition, they are investigating how cell cycle-regulation of chromatin proteins helps to coordinate the condensation of chromosomes with their segregation during mitosis. (umassmed.edu)
  • However, gut senescence does not appear to be the direct cause for longevity regulation, as knockdown of both hormone receptors did not affect adult lifespan. (bioone.org)
  • Plasma parameters and protein/mRNA expression in the frontal cortex and hippocampus were determined. (springer.com)
  • Fructose supplementation reduced the expression of antioxidant enzymes and altered the amount of proteins involved in mitochondrial fusion/fission in the frontal cortex. (springer.com)
  • Out of 29 liver tissue sections examined, 14 had a low level of expression of insulin receptor type 1 by immunohistochemical studies. (who.int)
  • IRS-1 contains three putative binding sites for 14-3-3 (Ser 270, Ser 374 and Ser 641) and the motif around Ser 270 is located in the phosphortyrosine binding domain of IRS-1, which is responsible for the interaction with the insulin receptor. (thermofisher.com)
  • Conventional murine knockout strategies have started to reveal distinct physiological roles for the IRS proteins. (silverchair.com)