Insulin micrornas are small noncoding rnas micro rna that regulates. Medical search. Frequent questions

It has been suggested that abnormal expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is associated with carcinogenesis. (spandidos-publications.com)
Mature microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small, well-conserved, non-coding RNA molecules that silence gene expression usually by interfering with mRNA stability or protein translation ( 6 , 7 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Up to 30% of human protein-coding genes may be regulated by miRNAs ( 8 , 9 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Micro RNAs (MiRNAs) are endogenous, small RNA molecules that were identified in a wide range of eukaryotes. (usda.gov)
MiRNAs are known to control diverse processes including animal development and growth, cell differentiation, signal transduction, cancer disease, virus-induced immune defense, programmed cell death, insulin secretion and metabolism. (usda.gov)
About 30% of the human protein-coding genes are negatively regulated by miRNAs which suggests that they have a major role in regulating gene expression. (usda.gov)
yet, little attention has been given to the roles of miRNAs in non-model species including fishes. (usda.gov)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs responsible for posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. (lu.se)
We are currently performing functional investigations of key miRNAs and their role in insulin- and/or glucagon secretion. (lu.se)
In the search for molecular biomarkers that could reveal pre-clinical phases of the disease, scientists have focused much of their attention on microRNAs (miRNAs), the best characterised family of small non-coding RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression inside the cell. (frontiersin.org)
This review focuses on the mechanisms by which vesicle-free miRNAs are secreted from neuroendocrine cells and will discuss potential functions of vesicle-free miRNAs and how vesicle-free miRNAs regulate cell-to-cell communication. (frontiersin.org)
RNA polymerase II mainly transcribes microRNA genes as primary miRNA transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that contain 5′cap and 3′poly(A) tails ( 28 ). (frontiersin.org)
Drosha, RNase III, and DGCR8, the RNA-binding protein, further process pri-miRNAs into stem-loop structured precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) of ~70 nt ( 29 ). (frontiersin.org)
After pre-miRNAs are transported to the cytoplasm, RNase III Dicer and TRBP (transactivation-response RNA-binding protein) cleave them into double-stranded miRNA duplexes of ~22 nt ( 30 , 31 ). (frontiersin.org)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small regulatory non-coding RNAs, resulting from the cleavage of long primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) in the nucleus by the Microprocessor complex generating precursors (pre-miRNAs) that are then exported to the cytoplasm and processed into mature miRNAs. (mdpi.com)
Some miRNAs are hosted in pri-miRNAs annotated as long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and defined as MIRHGs (for miRNA Host Genes). (mdpi.com)
However, several lnc pri-miRNAs contain translatable small open reading frames (smORFs). (mdpi.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which are endogenous non-coding small RNAs, are involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression through the suppression of mRNA translation or the degradation of mRNA. (biomedcentral.com)
MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are an abundant class of non coding RNAs that are believed to be important in many biological processes through regulation of gene expression and it is showed that a novel class of chemically engineered oligonucleotides termed 'antagomirs' are efficient and specific silencers of endogenous miRNAs in mice. (readabstracts.com)
microRNAs (miRNAs) play pivotal roles in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), an endocrine and metabolic disorder that commonly occurs in women of childbearing age. (biomedcentral.com)
microRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenous and single-stranded non-coding RNAs with a length of 19-25 nucleotides that downregulate gene expression at a post-transcriptional level [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
microRNAs (miRNAs) are short (20-24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. (nih.gov)
miRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II as part of capped and polyadenylated primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) that can be either protein-coding or non-coding. (nih.gov)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are ~22-nt non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transciptional level via direct binding with the 3′ untranslated regions (UTR) of target mRNAs ( 16 , 17 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
With the increasing technical depth of RNA profiling technologies, novel insights have unravelled the spatial diversity exhibited by miRNAs inside a cell. (eurekaselect.com)
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are critical regulators of gene expression in healthy and diseased states, and numerous studies have established their tremendous potential as a tool for improving the diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) and its comorbidities. (frontiersin.org)
MiRNAs play a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression and are estimated to regulate over 60% of all human genes ( 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
Several research findings demonstrate the role of miRNAs in β-cell stimulus-secretion coupling and insulin biosynthesis. (frontiersin.org)
Our recent study showed that control of GNA13 expression by specific microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) is important for prostate cancer cell invasion. (biomedcentral.com)
To determine the probable miRNAs regulating GNA13, online miRNA target prediction tool Targetscan and Luciferase assays with GNA13-3′-UTR were used. (biomedcentral.com)
In the case of RNA molecules that bind target RNA segments, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), the altered base pairing can change binding specificities. (biomedcentral.com)

It is shown that overexpression of miR-375 suppressed glucose-induced insulin secretion, and conversely, inhibition of endogenous miR-375 function enhanced insulin secretion. (readabstracts.com)
Chatterjee S, Fasler M, Büssing I, Großhans H. Target-mediated protection of endogenous microRNAs in C. elegans. (eurekaselect.com)
MicroRNA (miRNA) are a subset of short (~22 bp) endogenous non-coding RNA that play a significant role in post-transcriptional regulation, via repression of translation. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we describe how microRNA-regulated lentiviral vectors can be used to visualize specific cell populations by exploiting endogenous microRNA expression patterns. (lu.se)

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small, highly conserved, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression of target mRNAs through cleavage or translational inhibition. (usda.gov)
Through the centre, we have access to human islets from which we have investigated the miRNA-profile and together we perform large-scale RNA-sequencing studies in human islets that has given us the opportunity to investigate other non-coding RNAs such as the lncRNAs and their role in beta cell function. (lu.se)
in this way, vesicle-free miRNA may regulate cell-to-cell communication including the regulation of gene expression and cellular signaling. (frontiersin.org)
The mature miRNA is incorporated into a RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which recognizes target mRNAs through imperfect base pairing with the miRNA and most commonly results in translational inhibition or destabilization of the target mRNA. (nih.gov)
More than half of these miRNA (65.1 %) were regarded as bat-specific, regulating genes involved in the immune, ageing and tumorigenesis pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
For bats, 3 out of 4 up-regulated miRNA (miR-101-3p, miR-16-5p, miR-143-3p) likely function as tumor suppressors against various kinds of cancers, while one down-regulated miRNA (miR-221-5p) acts as a tumorigenesis promoter in human breast and pancreatic cancers. (biomedcentral.com)

My research focus is to understand how we can circumvent the reduced capacity of the pancreatic beta cells to secrete enough insulin, and why the control of alpha cell glucagon secretion becomes disturbed in diabetes. (lu.se)
Others and we suggest that the beta cell release primed insulin granules during first phase insulin secretion, which is lacking in individuals with pre-diabetes. (lu.se)
In the future, we will use this knowledge in the attempt to rescue the diabetic phenotype using LNA antagomirs as possible therapeutics to influence insulin and glucagon secretion. (lu.se)
Altogether, our studies aim to increase the understanding of insulin- and glucagon secretion in the complex disease diabetes. (lu.se)
In such cases, hyperglycemia results from defects in insulin secretion and/or insulin action ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
This in turn may influence changes in insulin production and secretion. (edu.pl)
In addition to exploring the complex biology of glucagon, Jon's lab studies the Incretin Effect, a mechanism by which the gut influences the secretion of insulin in the pancreas. (promegaconnections.com)
GLP1 and GIP bind to G-protein coupled receptors in the beta cells of the pancreas to induce insulin secretion. (promegaconnections.com)
Many researchers believe that dysfunction of the incretin mechanisms contributes to the reduced insulin secretion seen in individuals with Type 2 diabetes. (promegaconnections.com)

This Special Issue of "Genes" seeks reviews and original papers covering a wide range of topics related to microRNA biology, such as regulation of expression in various disorders (cancer, metabolism, autoimmunity to mention but a few), genetics of microRNAs and their target sites, functional analysis of microRNA function and studies of interactions between microRNAs and target genes. (mdpi.com)
Whithout mutations we would know very little about inheritance and the existence of genes. (intechopen.com)
Microrna genes are transcribed by rna polymerase ii. (edu.pl)
127 up-regulated genes were enriched mainly in mitotic cell cycle and DNA repair mechanisms, while 364 down-regulated genes were involved primarily in mitochondrial activity. (biomedcentral.com)
ADARs have been shown to contribute to disease pathologies by editing of glutamate receptors, editing of serotonin receptors, mutations in ADAR genes, and by other mechanisms, including recently identified regulatory roles in microRNA processing. (biomedcentral.com)
At a very basic level, we are learning who likes to work with whom to regulate around 20,000 human genes," said Michael Snyder , PhD, professor and chair of genetics at Stanford. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
The ENCODE, for the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements , project was a five-year collaboration of more than 440 scientists in 32 labs around the world to reveal the complex interplay among regulatory regions, proteins and RNA molecules that governs when and how genes are expressed. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Since the first microRNA was identified in 1993 by Victor Ambros and colleagues (the lin-4 heterochronic gene in C. Elegans ), more than 24,000 microRNAs have now been identified. (mdpi.com)
Evolutionarily conserved, these 17-22 nucleotide long molecules regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level generally by repressing translation or increasing degradation of messenger RNAs (mRNAs). (biomedcentral.com)
It has been suggested that changes in the metabolism microRNAs, small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, could precede late glycaemic changes. (biomedcentral.com)
Elegans heterochronic gene lin-4 encodes small rnas with antisense complementarity to lin-14. (edu.pl)
Little is known about the molecular mechanisms driving their extended longevity particularly at the levels of gene expression and post-transcriptional regulation. (biomedcentral.com)
They studied 128 proteins, called trans-acting factors , which are known to regulate gene expression by binding to regulatory regions within the genome. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)

Research carried out until now demonstrates that microRNAs can specifically target key pancreatic transcription factors and signalling molecules. (edu.pl)
Given the limitations of serum creatinine as a biomarker of kidney function, different urinary and serum proteins, molecules, and, most recently, microRNAs have been rigorously investigated over the past decade as possible biomarkers for kidney disease. (medscape.com)

MiRs are small RNAs of approximately 22 nucleotides, which, unlike messenger RNA (mRNA), do not encode protein. (biomedcentral.com)

Although RNA editing has long been considered a relatively rare processing event, more recent research suggests that the vast majority of pre-mRNAs are edited [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

The main hormone regulating the blood glucose levels is insulin, secreted from beta cells, and glucagon, secreted from alpha cells. (lu.se)
Pancreatic endocrine islet β-cells create and release the two crucial hormones that regulate blood glucose levels: insulin, which acts to lower blood sugar, and glucagon, which raises blood sugar. (frontiersin.org)

MicroRNAs constitute a pervasive post-transcriptional filter on protein or mRNA expression levels that are likely to control developmental timing, cellular differentiation, stress responses, metabolism and proliferation. (mdpi.com)
However, the role of microRNA in mammalian tissue development and differentiation is still quite uncharacterized. (mdpi.com)
The level of miR-17-5p inversely correlated with body mass index and it may regulate adipocyte differentiation by targeting Rb2/p130. (biomedcentral.com)
Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) is an adaptor protein that integrates multiple transmembrane signals from growth factors and hormones, to regulate cell growth, survival, differentiation and metabolism ( 4 ). (spandidos-publications.com)

For five decades, the paradigm of glucose control focused on a model that positioned insulin and glucagon as diametrically opposing forces to raise or lower glycemia. (promegaconnections.com)
For years, everybody has been saying 'Glucagon is the antithesis of insulin,' right? (promegaconnections.com)
Well, we asked, 'Why do the beta cells that secrete insulin have glucagon receptors? (promegaconnections.com)

The microRNAs let-7 g and miR-221 have been demonstrated to be related to the glucose metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)

To elucidate the molecular mechanisms that may underlie their unusual longevity, we have deep sequenced 246.5 million small RNA reads from whole blood of the long-lived greater mouse-eared bats, Myotis myotis , and conducted a series of genome-wide comparative analyses between bat and non-bat mammals (human, pig and cow) in both blood miRNomes and transcriptomes, for the first time. (biomedcentral.com)
Eukaryotic RNA transcripts can undergo a range of post-transcriptional modifications, which increase the diversity of the transcriptome without requiring increases in genome size. (biomedcentral.com)

During this period we could reveal how the influx of Ca 2+ regulates exocytosis and how second messengers like ATP and cAMP are important for priming of the insulin granules to become release ready. (lu.se)
In beta-cells, CFTR act as a regulator of the Ca 2+ activated chloride channel ANO1 to regulate granular priming and exocytosis of insulin granules. (lu.se)

Bioinformatic analysis was performed in order to identify putative targets of the differentially expressed microRNAs and to explore potential associations with specific biological processes. (biomedcentral.com)

Up-regulation of miR-133a-3p promotes ovary insulin resistance on granulosa cells of obese PCOS patients via inhibiting PI3K/AKT signaling. (nih.gov)
Over 90% of the Diabetes mellitus cases are Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) that results from an insulin action defect, i.e., insulin resistance ( 4 ). (frontiersin.org)
microRNAs are also identified in insulin target organs that are altered as a result of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. (edu.pl)

We discuss the possible mechanisms that contribute to identifying the role of microRNAs as sensitive and efficient biomarkers to predict the progression of diabetes. (edu.pl)

ADAR3 contains an arginine-rich domain, shown in pink, which binds single-stranded RNA. (biomedcentral.com)

The nuclear rnase iii drosha initiates microrna processing. (edu.pl)

Today we know that miR-375 also regulate several other mechanisms. (lu.se)
Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and regulation by microRNAs (miRs) play a central role in the obesogenic environment [ 2 , 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These data provide strong evidence that GNA13 expression in breast cancer cells is regulated by post-transcriptional mechanisms involving miR-31. (biomedcentral.com)

Kozomara A, Birgaoanu M, Griffiths-Jones S. miRBase: From microRNA sequences to function. (eurekaselect.com)
2] Kozomara A. and Griffiths-Jones S., Mirbase: Integrating microrna annotation and deep-sequencing data. (edu.pl)

Studies have shown that the expression of miR-126 is downregulated in cancers such as non-small cell lung cancer and colon cancer ( 14 , 15 ), suggesting that the downregulation of miR-126 is significantly related to the occurrence and development of cancer. (spandidos-publications.com)
MicroRNA expression profiles classify human cancers. (eurekaselect.com)
However, little is known about the control of GNA13 expression in breast cancers. (biomedcentral.com)

If smORFs present within lncRNAs can encode functional small peptides, they can also constitute cis -regulatory elements involved in lncRNA decay. (mdpi.com)
MicroRNAs: Target recognition and regulatory functions. (eurekaselect.com)

We review the existing literature in understanding the role of microRNAs in development, function and death of pancreatic beta cells as well as in the development of metabolic disease. (edu.pl)

Transcriptome-wide identification of RNA-binding protein and microRNA target sites by PAR-CLIP. (eurekaselect.com)

98% of RNA transcripts in humans are non-coding ( 3 ). (frontiersin.org)
A-to-I RNA editing is a post-transcriptional modification that converts adenosines to inosines in both coding and noncoding RNA transcripts. (biomedcentral.com)

Hanna J, Hossain GS, Kocerha J. The potential for microRNA therapeutics and clinical research. (eurekaselect.com)

In the female subjects, increased expression of both microRNAs was associated with an increased number of MetS risk components (p = 0.002 for let-7 g and p = 0.022 for miR-221). (biomedcentral.com)
Additionally our data shows that miR-31 regulates breast cancer cell invasion partially via targeting GNA13 expression in breast cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
When a microRNA is present in the cell, it binds to the target sites and downregulates GFP expression, while in cells that do not express the microRNA GFP, it is expressed. (lu.se)

The intervention effect was evaluated by DNA methylation levels (quantitative real-time PCR assay) and anthropometric and biochemical variables (fasting plasma glucose, haemoglobin A1C, insulin, and vitamin E). (biomedcentral.com)

RNA editing refers to post-transcriptional processes that alter the nucleotide sequence of an RNA transcript by insertion, deletion or nucleotide conversion. (biomedcentral.com)

To dissect the role of PMN in this context, we pretreated rats with Repertaxin (Rep), a small molecule inhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, to block recruitment and activation of PMN by CXCL1 or CXCL2 after cell transplantation. (p450inhibitors.com)
As a result, ADAR-mediated editing can post-transcriptionally alter codons, introduce or remove splice sites, or affect the base pairing of the RNA molecule with itself or with other RNAs. (biomedcentral.com)

The double-stranded (ds)RNA-binding domains, shown in purple, determine substrate specificity. (biomedcentral.com)

Understanding tissue-specific microRNA signatures and their role as a cause or effect of diabetes would provide more information on progression of this disease. (edu.pl)

This study assessed the serum levels of these two microRNAs in subjects with and without metabolic syndrome (MetS). (biomedcentral.com)

Here, we review recent studies investigating connections between ADAR-mediated RNA editing and human diseases. (biomedcentral.com)

A-to-I editing is a mechanism that regulates and diversifies the transcriptome, but the full biological significance of ADARs is not understood. (biomedcentral.com)

The serum microRNA levels were detected in 102 subjects aged 40 to 80 years who were recruited from the general population. (biomedcentral.com)
Recent studies demonstrate that microRNAs are not only confined to cells but are also detected in biological fluids including serum, plasma and urine. (edu.pl)

Insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) were overexpressed in ESCC. (spandidos-publications.com)
To date, the role of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in tumorigenesis and metastasis of head and neck cancer has not been elucidated. (spandidos-publications.com)

The RefSeq represents the predicted microRNA stem-loop. (nih.gov)

The biological processes they regulate may play an important role in understanding early osteoarthritis pathogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
Ever since the discovery of small non-coding RNAs, microRNAs have been identified to play a critical role in development and function of pancreatic insulin-producing beta cells. (edu.pl)

8] Hutvagner G., McLachlan J., Pasquinelli A.E., Balint E., Tuschl T., and Zamore P.D., A cellular function for the rnainterference enzyme dicer in the maturation of the let-7 small temporal rna. (edu.pl)

Priming is an important step in the release of insulin from the beta cell (and the alpha cell). (lu.se)

Editors select a small number of articles recently published in the journal that they believe will be particularly interesting to readers, or important in the respective research area. (mdpi.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms3

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Phenomena and Processes8

Information Science2

MiRNAs32

Endogenous4

MiRNA6

Secretion9

Genes7

Gene6

Molecules2

Nucleotides1

MRNAs1

Blood glucose levels2

Differentiation4

Glucagon3

Metabolism1

Genome2

Exocytosis2

Differentially expressed1

Resistance3

Biomarkers1

Single-stranded1

RNase III1

Mechanisms3

MiRBase2

Cancers3

Regulatory2

Pancreatic beta cells1

Protein1

Transcripts2

Therapeutics1

Expression3

Plasma glucose1

Nucleotide1

Molecule2

Double-stranded1

Diabetes1

Metabolic1

Human1

Mechanism1

Serum2

Receptor2

Stem-loop1

Role2

Dicer1

Cell1

Research1