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GlucagonInsulinReceptor, InsulinMice, KnockoutReceptors, GlucagonInsulin ResistanceGlucoseIslets of LangerhansInsulin Receptor Substrate ProteinsGlucagon-Secreting CellsLiverHypoglycemic AgentsInsulin, Long-ActingInsulin AntibodiesInsulin AntagonistsBlood GlucoseGlucose Tolerance TestHypoglycemiaGene Knockout TechniquesGlucose Clamp TechniqueDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Insulin LisproFastingSomatostatinInsulin-Secreting CellsC-PeptideInsulin Infusion SystemsMice, Inbred C57BLHyperglycemiaHyperinsulinismGluconeogenesisPancreasAdipose TissueGlucagon-Like Peptide 1Fatty Acids, NonesterifiedInsulin AspartInsulin, IsophaneSignal TransductionRats, Inbred StrainsInsulin, Regular, PorkObesityDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1ProinsulinDiabetes Mellitus, ExperimentalProglucagonInsulinsGlucagon-Like PeptidesCells, CulturedPancreatic HormonesPancreatic PolypeptideEpinephrineKineticsMuscle, SkeletalInsulin, Regular, HumanPhosphorylationHomeostasisTime FactorsGlycogenDiabetes MellitusCyclic AMPLiver GlycogenAdipocytesDose-Response Relationship, DrugRNA, MessengerHormonesBody WeightGlucose Transporter Type 4Glucose IntoleranceCell LineGene Expression RegulationInsulin, Short-ActingPostprandial PeriodRats, WistarTriglyceridesDogsReceptors, Gastrointestinal HormoneGastric Inhibitory PolypeptideTolbutamideInsulin-Like Growth Factor IInsulinomaDeoxyglucoseLeptinPhosphoproteinsAdenoma, Islet CellDisease Models, AnimalAdenylate CyclaseRats, Sprague-DawleyLactatesLipidsLipid MetabolismPerfusionPhosphatidylinositol 3-KinasesMice, TransgenicMonosaccharide Transport ProteinsArginineProto-Oncogene Proteins c-aktCell MembraneEnzyme ActivationGlycerolStreptozocin
AntagonistSomatostatinRestored insulin secretionPancreasPeptideRegulating glucagon secretionIsletsHypoglycemiaBlood glucose levelsStimulatesExpressed by pancreaticDefective glucose-stimulated insulinHomeostasisProteinLeptin receptorsMetabolicInducesCell proliferationRegulationSensitivityGPR40NeuronsExogenousMetabolismAmylinSubstrateResistanceGeneHormoneRodentLiverMice RevealSuppressImpaired glucose tFFAR1CholecystokininCosecreted from pancreaticRatsPathwaysImprove insulinGlucose intoleranceOverexpressionSuppressionGlycemicDiabetesProteinsAgonistsActivation
Antagonist5
  • Crystal structure of the human glucagon receptor (GCGR) in complex with the antagonist MK-0893. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • In anesthetized mice, a glucagon receptor-specific antagonist (Novo Nordisk 25-2648, 100 mg/kg) reduced amino acid clearance. (ku.dk)
  • Further experiments designed to elucidate the target involved in CXCL14 function revealed that CXCL14 is neither an agonist nor an antagonist for the CXCR7 receptor and the putative CXCR4 receptor, and thus these receptors are not responsible for mediating CXCL14 function. (bl.uk)
  • Dual orexin receptor antagonist drug suvorexant can help in amelioration of predictable chronic mild stress-induced hyperalgesia, Brain Research Bulletin, Vol.188, 39-46, 2022. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
  • This study aimed to evaluate the involvement of the orexin system in predictable chronic mild stress (PCMS) and the effects of suvorexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, on nociceptive behavior in PCMS. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Somatostatin12
Restored insulin secretion1
Pancreas8
  • Like insulin, it's secreted by the pancreas, though it's secreted by a different cell population than insulin (alpha vs. beta cells). (blogspot.com)
  • 1999 . Effects of the pesticide amitraz and its metabolite BTS 27271 on insulin and glucagon secretion from the perfused rat pancreas: involvement of α2D-adrenergic receptors. (nih.gov)
  • To address this, we performed plasma profiling of glucagon receptor knockout ( Gcgr-/-) mice and wild-type (WT) littermates using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics, and tissue biopsies from the pancreas were analyzed for islet hormones and by histology. (ku.dk)
  • In this study, we found that taurine-fed mice had a significant increase in insulin receptor (IR) immuno-reactivity in the pancreas and all brain regions examined. (bvsalud.org)
  • In the perfused pancreas of rats, glucose-induced Zn2+ secretion from cells suppressed glucagon secretion [50]. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
  • When it senses that we've eaten, it sends signals to our Pancreas to release Insulin . (bio-bean.com)
  • This tells our Pancreas to release insulin. (bio-bean.com)
  • If our pancreas doesn't produce Insulin, or if our cells are resistant to the Insulin signal , then the sugar stays in our bloodstream. (bio-bean.com)
Peptide19
  • Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) are gut-derived incretins that potentiate glucose clearance following nutrient ingestion. (medscape.com)
  • [ 1 ] The first enteroendocrine-derived incretin to be identified, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), is secreted from duodenal K-cells and rapidly potentiates glucose-dependent insulin secretion. (medscape.com)
  • A second peptide with incretin activity, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), was subsequently identified following elucidation of the nucleotide sequence for preproglucagon in the 1980s. (medscape.com)
  • A combination of peptide antagonists and immunoneutralizing antisera directed against either GIP, GLP-1, or their respective receptors have demonstrated that both GIP and GLP-1 are independently essential for regulation of glucose-dependent insulin secretion. (medscape.com)
  • Amylin, or Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP), is a 37-residue peptide hormone secreted by pancreatic β-cells at the same time as insulin (in a roughly 100:1 ratio). (bionity.com)
  • Recently, FFAR1 agonists were discovered that bind to site 3, stimulate IPone and cAMP and result in both insulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In summary, the experiments described in this thesis reveal that human and mouse islets exhibit some degree of similarity in GPCR and GPCR peptide ligand mRNA expression, but the suitability of using mouse islets as surrogates for predicting human islet physiology is receptor/receptor family specific. (bl.uk)
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist drugs are used to treat obesity and weight gain. (timemaghunt.com)
  • 7. Glucagon-like peptide-1 induces a cAMP-dependent increase of [Na+]i associated with insulin secretion in pancreatic beta-cells. (nih.gov)
  • we can upregulate the insulin transcript level, generating clusters of C peptide-expressing cells,' he said, noting that his team has transplanted these cells into mice and demonstrated in vivo hIPC functionality. (nih.gov)
  • Absence of the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor does not affect the metabolic phenotype of mice with liver-specific G(s)α deficiency. (nih.gov)
  • Infusion of glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 has favorable clinical and metabolic effects in the surgical setting, says Dana K. Andersen, MD. (medicaleconomics.com)
  • Molecular and computational analysis of Ghrelin, growth hormone Secretagogues receptor and mRNA expression of Growth-related genes after exogenous administered ghrelin peptide in Labeo rohita. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • Effects of insulin and the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist liraglutide on the kidney proteome in db/db mice. (lu.se)
  • Oxyntomodulin and glucagon-like peptide-1 diff erentially regulate murine food intake and energy expenditure. (sciendo.com)
  • Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptors in the brain: controlling food intake and body weight. (sciendo.com)
  • It is a synthetic, or man made chemical that mimics the natural hormone in our body, Glucagon-like Peptide-1 , or GLP-1 for short. (bio-bean.com)
  • Although enterocytes, enteroendocrine cells, and neural fibers have been postulated to sense lipids via GPCRs in the gut, most studies imply that enteroendocrine cells are the primary cells that sense lipids, which results in the production of hormones like cholecystokinin (CCK) and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) after a meal. (molecularmetabolism.com)
  • GPR119, a lipid sensor, is indirectly involved in the secretion of incretins, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, by enteroendocrine cells, while it directly stimulates insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells. (molecularmetabolism.com)
Regulating glucagon secretion2
  • 3. Other Islet Cell Factors Regulating Glucagon Secretion Paracrine signaling indicates that secretion from cells does not act on distant cells through the general circulation but acts on adjacent cells via direct diffusion and other similar mechanisms. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
  • Therefore, the contribution of Zn2+ in regulating glucagon secretion remains controversial. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
Islets21
  • Similarly, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and the response to forskolin were well preserved in perifused DIRKO islets. (medscape.com)
  • The finding that BDNF is also secreted by differentiated human muscle cells and induces insulin secretion in human islets via TrkB.T1 identifies a new regulatory function of BDNF on metabolism that is independent of CNS activity. (nih.gov)
  • Notably, the restoration of insulin secretion elicited by CpdA in diabetic human islets was recapitulated in vivo in diabetic monkeys and resulted in superior acute and chronic improvement in glucose tolerance relative to fasiglifam. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The experiments described in this thesis demonstrate that CXCL14 inhibits insulin secretion from mouse islets and the MIN6 mouse β-cell line by a mechanism that is not transduced through a Gαi-mediated reduction in intracellular cAMP, but is likely to occur through an inhibition of glucose uptake or glucokinase activity. (bl.uk)
  • In mouse islets and cell lines (-TC1-9), GABA released from cells binds to the GABA-A receptors of cells and suppresses glucagon secretion [47,48,49]. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
  • However, in some reports that used mouse pancreatic islets, Zn2+ did not suppress glucagon secretion [51]. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
  • Moreover, glucagon secretion increased in isolated islets of SSTR2 knockout mice [58]. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
  • Glucagon secreted from cells binds to its own GR, promotes its own glucagon secretion via the cAMP-PKA pathways, and up-regulates its own gene expression in human and mouse islets and cell line (-TC1-9). (eyesoftheelephants.com)
  • In addition, the expression of Gcg mRNA decreased when glucagon receptor antagonists were added to mouse islets and -TC1-9 cells [65]. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
  • 1. ACTH stimulates insulin secretion from MIN6 cells and primary mouse and human islets of Langerhans. (nih.gov)
  • 5. Glucose triggers protein kinase A-dependent insulin secretion in mouse pancreatic islets through activation of the K+ATP channel-dependent pathway. (nih.gov)
  • 8. Effects of the calcium-channel agonist CGP 28392 on insulin secretion from isolated rat islets of Langerhans. (nih.gov)
  • 10. PKA-dependent potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by Epac activator 8-pCPT-2'-O-Me-cAMP-AM in human islets of Langerhans. (nih.gov)
  • 11. Commiphora myrrha stimulates insulin secretion from mouse and human islets of Langerhans. (nih.gov)
  • 13. Eriodictyol stimulates insulin secretion through cAMP/PKA signaling pathway in mice islets. (nih.gov)
  • 17. Regulation of insulin secretion by cAMP in rat islets of Langerhans permeabilised by high-voltage discharge. (nih.gov)
  • 18. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein phosphorylation and insulin secretion in intact islets of Langerhans. (nih.gov)
  • Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and calcium mobilisation were attenuated in PIrs2KO islets. (ox.ac.uk)
  • CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: These studies suggest that IRS2-dependent signalling in pancreatic islets is required not only for the maintenance of normal beta and alpha cell mass but is also involved in the regulation of insulin secretion. (ox.ac.uk)
  • among the peripheral activities, recent studies demonstrate a novel ability of ghrh analogs to increase and preserve insulin secretion by beta-cells in isolated pancreatic islets, which makes them potentially useful for diabetes treatment. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • Pancreatic islet transplantation holds promise for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes, but is severely limited by a shortage of cadaveric donor islets, and more so because of stringent inclusion criteria for organ donation including donor metabolic function, age, and comorbidities. (lidsen.com)
Hypoglycemia4
Blood glucose levels2
Stimulates6
  • Protein stimulates insulin release as much as carbohydrate does (because one of insulin's jobs is to send amino acids into lean tissues such as muscle), but protein doesn't supply rapid glucose like carbohydrate does. (blogspot.com)
  • When researchers put high doses of glucagon on fat cells in a petri dish, or give very high doses of glucagon to animals or humans, it stimulates the release of fat (lipolysis). (blogspot.com)
  • The most advanced, fasiglifam (TAK-875), is a site 1 binding agonist that stimulates IPone and improves glycemic control in diabetic patients via glucose-dependent insulin secretion (GSIS). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Cpd A stimulates GLP-1 secretion in wild type but not GPR40 knockout mice, additionaly, as well as stimulates insulin secretion in ZDF rats. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We hypothesized that disruption of glucagon receptor signaling would lead to an increased plasma concentration of amino acids, which in a feedback manner stimulates the secretion of glucagon, eventually associated with compensatory proliferation of the pancreatic alpha-cells. (ku.dk)
  • 12. Mastoparan stimulates insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells by effects at a late stage in the secretory pathway. (nih.gov)
Expressed by pancreatic1
  • Here, we show that the BDNF receptor TrkB.T1 is expressed by pancreatic β-cells where it regulates insulin release. (nih.gov)
Defective glucose-stimulated insulin2
  • [ 13 , 14 ] Similarly, mice with a null mutation in the GLP-1 receptor gene do not develop severe diabetes but exhibit defective glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose intolerance. (medscape.com)
  • 4. Restitution of defective glucose-stimulated insulin release of sulfonylurea type 1 receptor knockout mice by acetylcholine. (nih.gov)
Homeostasis9
  • Elimination of incretin receptor action in GIPR -/- or GLP-1R -/- mice produces only modest impairment in glucose homeostasis, perhaps due to compensatory upregulation of the remaining incretin. (medscape.com)
  • We have now studied glucose homeostasis in double incretin receptor knockout (DIRKO) mice. (medscape.com)
  • [ 15 , 16 ] The unexpectedly modest phenotypes of both GIPR -/- and GLP-1R -/- mice have prompted suggestions that one or more compensatory mechanisms have evolved to supplant the role normally subserved by individual incretin receptors in control of glucose homeostasis. (medscape.com)
  • In this study we examined the role of chronic taurine supplementation on plasma glucose homeostasis and brain excitability through activation of the insulin receptor. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, the high levels of neuronal insulin expression and its regulation by taurine implicates taurine in the regulation of metabolic homeostasis. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this study we examined glucose homeostasis and retinal histology in homozygous knockout mice lacking CSAD (CSAD-KO). (bvsalud.org)
  • Pancreatic deletion of insulin receptor substrate 2 reduces beta and alpha cell mass and impairs glucose homeostasis in mice. (ox.ac.uk)
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vivo glucose homeostasis was examined in PIrs2KO mice using glucose tolerance and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion tests. (ox.ac.uk)
  • the assessment of the effects of ghrh agonist mr-409 in a model of t1d induced by low-dose streptozotocin showed that mice treated with mr-409 exhibited better glucose homeostasis, higher insulin levels, and preservation of \xce\xb2-cell mass. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
Protein13
  • Free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1), also known as G-protein coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), is a rhodopsin-like G-protein coupled receptor that is coded (i.e., its synthesis is directed) by the FFAR1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • G protein-coupled receptors (also termed GPRs or GPCRs) reside on their parent cells' surface membranes, bind any one of the specific set of ligands that they recognize, and thereby are activated to trigger certain responses in their parent cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • What we see right away is that high-protein foods frequently stimulate insulin to a similar, sometimes even greater, degree than high-carbohydrate foods, calorie for calorie. (blogspot.com)
  • The idea goes like this: glucagon is the opposite of insulin, and if they're released together, as they are when you eat a high-protein meal, then their effects on blood sugar , on hunger , and on fat metabolism cancel one another out in a way that they would not following a carbohydrate-heavy meal. (blogspot.com)
  • Glucagon does more or less cancel out insulin's effect on blood glucose, and eating protein in isolation does not lead to major changes in blood glucose. (blogspot.com)
  • But giving humans realistic doses of glucagon, doses that approximate what would occur naturally in the human body following a high-protein meal, does not increase lipolysis ( 5 , 6 ). (blogspot.com)
  • Anatomical profiling of G protein-coupled receptor expression. (guidetopharmacology.org)
  • We herein demonstrated that protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J ( Ptprj ) is expressed in hypothalamic neurons together with leptin receptors, and that PTPRJ negatively regulates leptin signaling by inhibiting the activation of JAK2, the primary tyrosine kinase in leptin signaling, through the dephosphorylation of Y813 and Y868 in JAK2 autophosphorylation sites. (nature.com)
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a diverse super family of seven transmembrane spanning proteins whose primary function is to initiate the activation of intracellular signalling pathways following stimulation by extracellular stimuli, which include photons, amines, lipids, ions, peptides and proteins. (bl.uk)
  • As a key regulator of energy, SIRT1 affects glucose and lipid metabolism by stimulating endocrine signaling, which is associated with many molecules related to glucose/lipid metabolism, such as Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), Glucose Transporter 4 (GLUT4), Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), and Proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator-1α (PGC-1α) [ 7 - 10 ]. (ijbs.com)
  • The stimulatory G protein G(s)α is required in melanocortin 4 receptor-expressing cells for normal energy balance, thermogenesis, and glucose metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • Several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been identified as sensors of lipids, such as fatty acids, monoacylglycerols (MAGs), and their metabolites, the levels of which are increased in the intestine after meals. (molecularmetabolism.com)
  • Glucocorticoids also antagonize the action of anabolic regulators such as insulin further exacerbating the loss of protein and muscle mass. (frontiersin.org)
Leptin receptors1
  • A prevalent model predicts that leptin's actions are mediated through pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons that express leptin receptors (LEPRs). (elifesciences.org)
Metabolic3
  • 2011 . Estrogen receptors and the metabolic network. (nih.gov)
  • Additionally, BDNF is secreted by skeletal muscle and muscle-specific BDNF knockout phenocopies the β-cell TrkB.T1 deletion metabolic impairments. (nih.gov)
  • Instant Knockout is a natural metabolic booster that is perfect for people who are looking for a weight loss solution. (timemaghunt.com)
Induces1
  • Physiologically, GH-IGF-SST system plays a crucial role in liver growth and development since GH induces IGF1 and IGF2 secretion and the expression of their receptors, involved in hepatocytes cell proliferation, differentiation and metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)
Cell proliferation3
  • Incubating cultured α-TC1.9 cells with a mixture of amino acids (Vamin 1%) for 30 min and for up to 48 h led to increased glucagon concentrations (~6-fold) in the media and cell proliferation (~2-fold), respectively. (ku.dk)
  • The knock-in cohort demonstrates increased regeneration potential via differentiation of stem cell-like progenitors in the pancreatic duct, increased beta cell proliferation, and accompanying functionality reflected in superior glucose tolerance, insulin secretion in response to glucose, and protection against streptozotocin-induced diabetes. (nih.gov)
  • recently, the growth-hormone-releasing hormone ( ghrh ) action has been demonstrated in ins-1e cells, in which it increases cell proliferation and insulin secretion. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
Regulation3
  • However, glucagon may play an equally important role in the regulation of amino acid metabolism by promoting ureagenesis. (ku.dk)
  • We also identify a role for sympathetic nervous system regulation of the inhibitory adrenergic receptor (ADRA2A) in regulating leptin production. (elifesciences.org)
  • The gastrointestinal tract is involved in physiological regulation, including regulation of metabolism and feeding behavior, through the secretion of gut hormones and generation of signals via receptors in response to nutrients. (molecularmetabolism.com)
Sensitivity11
  • Evidence supporting the upregulation of compensatory mechanisms derives from findings that GLP-1R -/- mice exhibit significantly enhanced β-cell sensitivity to the actions of GIP, [ 17 , 18 ] whereas GIPR -/- mice exhibit an enhanced insulin secretory response to GLP-1. (medscape.com)
  • Studies have shown that CXCL14 knockout mice are protected from hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinemia and they have improved insulin sensitivity. (bl.uk)
  • It is specially designed to boost metabolism, burn fat, and improve insulin sensitivity. (timemaghunt.com)
  • Insulin sensitivity in long-lived growth hormone-releasing hormone knockout mice. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • our previous studies showed that loss-of-function mutation of growth hormone releasing hormone ( ghrh ) results in increased longevity and enhanced insulin sensitivity in mice. (brain-knowledge-engine.org)
  • Here, we test associations between insulin sensitivity and the rs8004664 variation. (bmj.com)
  • Insulin sensitivity was measured by the euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp technique. (bmj.com)
  • Insulin sensitivity was not different by genotype or by "A" allele carriers. (bmj.com)
  • Conclusion The rs8004664 variation within the FOXN3 gene may modulate insulin sensitivity in women. (bmj.com)
  • The role of FOXN3 in modulating insulin sensitivity was not known. (bmj.com)
  • FOXN3 may modulate insulin sensitivity in a sexually dimorphic manner. (bmj.com)
GPR401
Neurons3
  • Surprisingly, we found that neurons express the gene for insulin and that taurine had a significant role in regulating insulin gene expression. (bvsalud.org)
  • The receptor of CCHa2, CCHa2-R , was expressed in a subset of dopamine neurons that mediate reward for LTM. (sdbonline.org)
  • In accordance, the receptor expression in these dopamine neurons was required for LTM specifically. (sdbonline.org)
Exogenous2
  • Plasma glucagon and the hypoglycemic response to exogenous insulin were normal in DIRKO mice. (medscape.com)
  • Among agents Egan has been exploring is GLP-1, another gut hormone, which, unlike GIP, releases insulin and normalizes blood sugar in patients with diabetes and appears to correct imbalances more effectively than exogenous insulin. (nih.gov)
Metabolism7
  • However, the role of glucagon in metabolism is frequently misunderstood in diet-health circles. (blogspot.com)
  • In conclusion, administration of CpdA restores insulin secretion and produces robust improvement in glucose metabolism in diabetic rodents and monkeys. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Our data support the notion that glucagon secretion and hepatic amino acid metabolism are linked in a close feedback loop, which operates independently of normal variations in glucose metabolism. (ku.dk)
  • In addition to improving the metabolism, Instant Knockout also suppresses the food cravings and improves energy levels. (timemaghunt.com)
  • Instant Knockout boosts your metabolism and helps you to lose weight faster and more effectively. (timemaghunt.com)
  • Gpr119 knockout (KO) mice were generated using CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology, and their feeding behavior and energy metabolism were evaluated and compared with those of wild type (WT) mice. (molecularmetabolism.com)
  • Glucocorticoid receptors (GR) are conserved down to teleosts where they play a similar role in metabolism ( Wendelaar Bonga, 1997 ). (frontiersin.org)
Amylin2
  • Rodent amylin knockouts are known to fail to achieve the normal anorexia following food consumption. (bionity.com)
  • There appears to be at least three distinct receptor complexes that bind with high affinity to amylin . (bionity.com)
Substrate1
  • Conditional gene targeting using the Cre/loxP system has demonstrated that mice lacking insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) in the beta cell have reduced beta cell mass. (ox.ac.uk)
Resistance3
Gene2
  • The fasting hyperglycemia risk allele of the rs8004664 variation in the FOXN3 gene increases expression of FOXN3 in the liver and is associated with blunted suppression of glucagon during an oral glucose tolerance test. (bmj.com)
  • Our real-time (RT) -PCR results revealed that the mRNA expression of the stress- and sleep-related gene gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor subunit alpha 2 was significantly lower in WT mice than in KO mice. (tokushima-u.ac.jp)
Hormone7
Rodent1
  • A selective FFAR1 agonist (CpdA) was discovered that activates rodent, cynomolgus and human FFAR1 receptors in vitro, triggering similar IPone and cAMP production. (diabetesjournals.org)
Liver3
  • insulin is then received by its receptor in the liver as well as in many other tissues to promote glucose uptake and anabolism, thereby reducing blood sugar levels. (sdbonline.org)
  • In particular, recently, many studies have evaluated the correlation between increased levels of IGF1 receptors and liver diseases and the oncogenic role of IGF2 and its involvement in angiogenesis, migration and, consequently, in tumour progression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Over-expression of FOXN3 in liver increases, whereas knockout of the FOXN3 ortholog decreases fasting blood glucose in zebrafish. (bmj.com)
Mice Reveal1
  • Life without peripheral serotonin: insights from tryptophan hydroxylase 1 knockout mice reveal the existence of paracrine/autocrine serotonergic networks. (nih.gov)
Suppress1
Impaired glucose t2
FFAR12
  • FFAR1 is a member of a small family of structurally and functionally related GPRs termed free fatty acid receptors (FFARs). (wikipedia.org)
  • The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFAR1) mediates fatty acid-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
Cholecystokinin2
  • Role of duodenal lipid and cholecystokinin A receptors in the pathophysiology of practical dyspepsia. (dnahelix.com)
  • Alen F, Ramirez-Lopez MT, Gomez de Heras R, Rodriguez de Fonseca F, Orio L. Cannabinoid receptors and cholecystokinin in feeding inhibition. (sciendo.com)
Cosecreted from pancreatic1
  • It thus functions as a synergistic partner to insulin, with which it is cosecreted from pancreatic beta cells in response to meals. (bionity.com)
Rats2
  • In addition, in rats, the administration of SSTR2-specific antagonists that inhibited insulin secretion with STZ treated mice did not alter blood glucagon levels [61]. (eyesoftheelephants.com)
  • The present study was designed to isolate and characterize triterpene components EAS and investigate the antihyperglycaemic effects alone or in combination with insulin in non-diabetic and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Pathways1
  • AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Insulin signalling pathways regulate pancreatic beta cell function. (ox.ac.uk)
Improve insulin1
  • The activation of SIRT1 have been reported to improve insulin secretion [ 11 ]. (ijbs.com)
Glucose intolerance2
Overexpression2
  • The selective overexpression of M3 receptors in beta cells leads to enhanced insulin release and improved glucose tolerance, suggesting that 'therapies aimed at enhancing this pathway might be useful in the treatment of type 2 diabetes,' said Wess, chief of the Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry , NIDDK. (nih.gov)
  • Reduction of GH binding affinity to GH receptor, decreased serum IGF1 and increased serum IGF2 production, overexpression of IGF1 receptor, loss of function of IGF2 receptor and appearance of SSTRs are frequently observed in human HCC. (biomedcentral.com)
Suppression1
Glycemic2
  • Glycemic excursion was abnormally increased and levels of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion were decreased following oral but not intraperitoneal glucose challenge in DIRKO compared with GIPR -/- or GLP-1R -/- mice. (medscape.com)
  • Compared with conventional insulin therapy, intensive glycemic control has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of death in surgical patients, especially those undergoing cardiac surgery. (medicaleconomics.com)
Diabetes1
  • Human subjects with type 2 diabetes exhibit significant defects in meal-stimulated insulin secretion, leading to the suggestion that diminished incretin action or subnormal incretin secretion may contribute to the pathogenesis of β-cell dysfunction in specific patients. (medscape.com)
Proteins1
  • All three complexes contain the calcitonin receptor at the core, plus one of three Receptor activity-modifying proteins, RAMP1, RAMP2, or RAMP3. (bionity.com)
Agonists2
  • Ozempic, and other semaglutide, are called GLP-1 receptor agonists. (bio-bean.com)
  • AN - traumatic kidney injury: index KIDNEY/ inj HN - 2011 MH - Adenosine A1 Receptor Agonists UI - D058907 MN - D27.505.519.625.725.200.100.100 MN - D27.505.696.577.725.200.100.100 MS - Compounds that bind to and stimulate ADENOSINE A1 RECEPTORS. (nih.gov)
Activation3
  • Thus we suggest that the functional implication of GABAA receptors activation is the relaxation of the arterial muscularis, vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. (bvsalud.org)
  • We propose that increased insulin production and secretion in taurine-fed mice cause an increase activation of the central IR and may be partially responsible for the increased neuronal excitability observed in taurine supplemented mice. (bvsalud.org)
  • In this review, the main aspects on the importance of metformin's action on dysbiosis, and the factors that regulate the metformin uptake and activity as genetic polymorphisms and GLP-1 receptor activation were discussed. (xiahepublishing.com)