ResistanceSensitivityEnhanced insulin secretionReceptorHypoglycemiaPhosphorylationMiceAdipose tissuePancreaticBlood glucoseCompensated with increased insulin secretionRatsLipidInhibitionGene2023HyperglycemiaRole in promotiType 2 diabetDiabetes mellitusEffects of insulinTissuesStimulatesRegulatesProteinDecreased insulin-stimulatedLiverOxidativeMetabolismTherapeuticDiabeticConcentrationsMechanismsInhibitsInsulinomaAmount of insulinMetabolicPathwayHomeostasisSulfonylureasT2DM
Resistance69
- An abnormal increase in blood glucose may be due to a defect in insulin self-secretion caused by the immune system (type 1 diabetes mellitus, T1DM), or resistance to the cellular effects of insulin, as well as insufficient insulin secretion (type 2 diabetes mellitus, T2DM) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is particularly important for its major role in insulin-mediated glucose disposal. (biosyn.com)
- In addition, we have documented that ANG II-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance is associated with generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). (biosyn.com)
- However, the linkage between ROS and insulin resistance in skeletal muscle remains unclear. (biosyn.com)
- These findings suggest that NF-ĸB plays an important role in ANG II/ROS-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance. (biosyn.com)
- Here, we have shown that activation of the IgG receptor FcγRIIB in endothelium by hyposialylated IgG plays an important role in obesity-induced insulin resistance. (jci.org)
- Despite becoming obese on a high-fat diet (HFD), mice lacking FcγRIIB globally or selectively in endothelium were protected from insulin resistance as a result of the preservation of insulin delivery to skeletal muscle and resulting maintenance of muscle glucose disposal. (jci.org)
- IgG transfer in IgG-deficient mice implicated IgG as the pathogenetic ligand for endothelial FcγRIIB in obesity-induced insulin resistance. (jci.org)
- Moreover, IgG transferred from patients with T2DM but not from metabolically healthy subjects caused insulin resistance in IgG-deficient mice via FcγRIIB, indicating that similar processes may be operative in T2DM in humans. (jci.org)
- FcγRIIB -/- mice are protected from obesity-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. (jci.org)
- Moreover, it improved glucose tolerance, reduced insulin level and HOMA-IR value, and alleviated insulin resistance. (nih.gov)
- Hyperinsulinemia is a major complication associated with the development of insulin resistance. (scienceopen.com)
- Loss-of-Function Mutation in Toll-Like Receptor 4 Prevents Diet-Induced Obesity and Insulin Resistance. (diabetesjournals.org)
- However, most obese individuals do not develop diabetes because they adapt to insulin resistance by increasing beta-cell mass and insulin secretion. (escholarship.org)
- We hypothesized that IAPP-induced ER stress distinguishes successful versus unsuccessful islet adaptation to insulin resistance. (escholarship.org)
- A high-fat diet led to comparable insulin resistance in WT and HIP rats. (escholarship.org)
- The failure to increase beta-cell mass in HIP rats was the result of ER stress-induced beta-cell apoptosis that increased in proportion to diet-induced insulin resistance. (escholarship.org)
- Immunoprecipitation with autoantibodies to the insulin receptor derived from patients with extreme insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans revealed that the receptor is comprised of two subunits of 135 kDa (α subunit) and 95 kDa (β subunit) and that insulin induces the rapid phosphorylation of the β subunit in intact cells. (academic-accelerator.com)
- Fat accumulation in skeletal muscle combined with low mitochondrial oxidative capacity is associated with insulin resistance (IR). (medscape.com)
- Fat accumulation in skeletal muscle strongly associates with the development of muscle insulin resistance (IR), the main risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). (medscape.com)
- The primary goal of this study is to determine the dose of fatty acids that acutely induces mild insulin resistance in healthy volunteers. (participaid.co)
- We hypothesize that a low-dose of fatty acid infusion (Intralipid/heparin) will cause a mild insulin resistance. (participaid.co)
- The dose of fatty acid infusion that reliably causes mild insulin resistance will be selected for use in future studies. (participaid.co)
- Insulin resistance (IR) is a main etiology of various metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hypertension, hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. (authorea.com)
- On the molecular level Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM2) is characterized by the development of insulin resistance, in which cells do not correctly respond to the effects of insulin. (oakland.edu)
- The molecular mechanisms that are responsible for the development of insulin resistance are not well understood and are of significant importance, considering the high prevalence of DM2 in our population. (oakland.edu)
- This thesis investigated the role of the intracellular protein SHP-1 to determine if Angiotensin II utilized it in the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance. (oakland.edu)
- We hypothesized that an increase in SHP-1 activity would result in decreased AKT activation, leading to insulin resistance and eventually DM2. (oakland.edu)
- The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between TREM-1 and macrophage polarization, and association of TREM-1 and M1 macrophage polarization with insulin resistance (IR) in obese population compared to non-obese population. (biomedcentral.com)
- The molecular mechanisms that mediate the diet-based prevention of insulin resistance, however, remain to be identified. (thno.org)
- Here, we report that treatment with orally administered ginger-derived nanoparticles (GDNP) prevents insulin resistance by restoring homeostasis in gut epithelial Foxa2 mediated signaling in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). (thno.org)
- Increasing expression of Foxa2 leads to altering the composition of intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) exosomes of mice fed a HFD and prevents IEC exosome mediated insulin resistance. (thno.org)
- Collectively, oral administration of GDNP prevents insulin resistance in HFD mice. (thno.org)
- Our findings showed that GDNP treatment can prevent HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance via protecting the Foxa2 from Akt-1 mediated phosphorylation. (thno.org)
- Therefore, obesity is considered a growing epidemic that is associated with complications, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome. (thno.org)
- Objective · To investigate the effect of metformin on insulin resistance (IR)-related metabolic parameters in olanzapine-bearing rats. (shsmu.edu.cn)
- Obesity-mediated inflammation is a major cause of insulin resistance, and macrophages play an important role in this process. (umassmed.edu)
- Here, we show that mice with macrophage-selective ablation of GRP78 (Lyz- GRP78(-/-)) are protected from skeletal muscle insulin resistance without changes in obesity compared with wild-type mice after 9 wk of high-fat diet. (umassmed.edu)
- Thus, our findings identify a novel crosstalk between macrophages and skeletal muscle in the modulation of obesity-mediated insulin resistance. (umassmed.edu)
- We have previously demonstrated insulin resistance in the liver and peripheral tissues of the adult offspring of rats made diabetic with streptozotocin (SDF rats). (endocrinology-journals.org)
- In this study, a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp was used to test the hypothesis that insulin resistance is further aggravated during pregnancy in SDF rats. (endocrinology-journals.org)
- In conclusion, gestational diabetes develops in pregnant SDF rats, although there is no further deterioration in peripheral insulin resistance. (endocrinology-journals.org)
- Increased fructose intake has been linked to the epidemiology of insulin resistance (IR) syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, renal damage and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. (ejbcp.com)
- Thus, cytohesin inhibition results in hepatic insulin resistance. (nature.com)
- Because insulin resistance is among the earliest pathological changes in type 2 diabetes, our results show the potential of chemical biology for dissecting the molecular pathogenesis of this disease. (nature.com)
- Impaired cytohesin function results in hepatic insulin resistance. (nature.com)
- At the end of the study significant reductions in fasting blood sugar (FBS), the homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride (TG), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and Omentin level were found in groups 3 and 4 in comparison with group 2. (researchgate.net)
- Research suggests that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are linked to the development of insulin resistance in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. (medscape.com)
- A study by Gabay et al indicated that insulin resistance in female adolescents with obesity may have a negative impact on brain structure and function. (medscape.com)
- The report found, for example, that in the study population, the insular cortices in such patients tended to be thinner, a phenomenon that was not seen in male adolescents with obesity and insulin resistance. (medscape.com)
- In type 2 diabetes (late stage), beta cells fail to secrete insulin for maintaining the blood glucose level, owing to insulin resistance and genetic defect. (medscape.com)
- 5-6 wk-old C57BL6J male and female mice were fed a high-fat diet for 12 weeks to induce insulin resistance. (ecu.edu)
- Conclusion: We concluded that vimentin deficiency prevents obesity and insulin resistance in mice fed an HFD and suggest vimentin as a central mediator linking obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. (ewha.ac.kr)
- Hyperinsulinemia, in turn, causes a reversible reduction in receptor kinase activity, leading to insulin resistance. (biu.ac.il)
- Inositol polyphosphate multikinase modulates free fatty acids-induced insulin resistance in primary mouse hepatocytes. (bvsalud.org)
- Insulin resistance is a critical mediator of the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ). (bvsalud.org)
- An excess influx of fatty acids to the liver is thought to be a pathogenic cause of insulin resistance and the development of NAFLD . (bvsalud.org)
- Although elevated levels of free fatty acids (FFA) in plasma contribute to inducing insulin resistance and NAFLD , the molecular mechanism is not completely understood. (bvsalud.org)
- This study aimed to determine whether inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK), a regulator of insulin signaling, plays any role in FFA-induced insulin resistance in primary hepatocytes . (bvsalud.org)
- Moreover, overexpression of IPMK prevented the FFA-induced suppression of Akt phosphorylation by insulin , while knockout of IPMK exacerbated insulin resistance in PMH. (bvsalud.org)
- Furthermore, treatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated the FFA-induced reduction of IPMK and restored FFA-induced insulin resistance in PMH. (bvsalud.org)
- In conclusion, our findings suggest that excess FFA reduces IPMK expression and contributes to the FFA-induced decrease in Akt phosphorylation in PMH, leading to insulin resistance . (bvsalud.org)
- Our study highlights IPMK as a potential therapeutic target for preventing insulin resistance and NAFLD . (bvsalud.org)
- In addition, we show that increased GLP-1 release in GATA4iKO mice decreases the risk for development of insulin resistance. (elsevierpure.com)
- Persistent chronic periodontium inflammation, specifically periodontitis, induces insulin resistance, thus jeopardizing glycemic control (5). (cdc.gov)
- Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence of insulin resistance in Egyptian patients with chronic HCV genotype 4 infection, to assess factors associated with insulin resistance and to test the impact of insulin resistance on outcomes of treatment with pegylated interferon/ribavirin. (who.int)
- This study confirms that insulin resistance affects treatment outcome, and thus HOMA-IR testing before initiation of therapy may be a cost-effective tool. (who.int)
- Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Diabetes mellitus is impaired insulin secretion and variable degrees of peripheral insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia. (msdmanuals.com)
- To date, the in vivo platelet activation [ 10,11 ], hyperlipidaemia data are inconclusive, owing primarily to and insulin resistance [ 1-3 ]. (who.int)
Sensitivity17
- In insulin-producing β cells, excess autophagy degrades insulin granules, resulting in decreased insulin contents and systemic glucose intolerance, whereas in insulin-responsive cells, activating autophagy decreases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and improves insulin sensitivity [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Reduced insulin sensitivity is a key factor in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. (biosyn.com)
- In HFD-fed mice, supplementation with the sialic acid precursor N-acetyl-D-mannosamine restored IgG sialylation and preserved insulin sensitivity without affecting weight gain. (jci.org)
- This method helps answer key questions in the fields of Type 2 diabetes and obesity on regulation of insulin sensitivity and organ blood flow. (jove.com)
- High-fat diet-induced hyperinsulinemia, as a result of potentiated insulin secretion, coupled with selective insulin sensitivity in adipose tissue of Cry1/2-/-mice, correlates with increased lipid uptake. (eur.nl)
- To address this, we fed wild-type (WT) and human IAPP transgenic (HIP) rats either 10 weeks of regular chow or a high-fat diet and prospectively examined the relations among beta-cell mass and turnover, beta-cell ER stress, insulin secretion, and insulin sensitivity. (escholarship.org)
- Insulin sensitivity was assessed as rate of whole body glucose turnover (R g ) per animal plasma insulin level ( d ). (biomedcentral.com)
- Carriers of p.E40K, a variant that abolishes ANGPTL4 ability to inhibit lipoprotein lipase, have lower odds of T2D (odds ratio 0.89, 95% confidence interval 0.85-0.92, p = 6.3 × 10 −10 ), lower fasting glucose, and greater insulin sensitivity. (nature.com)
- Functional studies in Angptl4 -deficient mice confirm improved insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. (nature.com)
- We also evaluate the functional consequences of rare and novel genetic variants identified by exome sequencing, as well as the effect of Angptl4 deletion on insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. (nature.com)
- In non-obese subjects, adipocytes release higher levels of adiponectin that improves insulin sensitivity and enhances M2 macrophage polarization [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Normal pregnancy was accompanied by a decrease in the sensitivity of the liver and peripheral tissues to insulin, with a normal responsiveness to insulin. (endocrinology-journals.org)
- In SDF rats no further decrease in the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin occurred during pregnancy when compared with non-pregnant rats, and the dose-response curves of the glucose metabolic clearance rate during hyperinsulinaemia were similar in pregnant control and pregnant SDF rats. (endocrinology-journals.org)
- There was, however, a modest decrease in the sensitivity of the liver to insulin during pregnancy in SDF rats. (endocrinology-journals.org)
- The conclusion is that prescription of stevia in the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg/d decreases the omentin level indirectly via activating insulin sensitivity and lowering blood glucose in STZ-induced diabetic rats. (researchgate.net)
- This study tests the hypothesis that PM2.5 exposure decreases vascular insulin sensitivity by inducing pulmonary oxidative stress. (greenheartlouisville.com)
- they also increase peripheral insulin sensitivity. (medscape.com)
Enhanced insulin secretion1
- Also, vitamin D reduced the incidence of T1DM, enhanced insulin secretion, and relieved pancreatic inflammation in STZ-treated mice via enhancing autophagy in pancreatic β cells [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Receptor15
- However, the mechanisms of action of insulin in the specific context of prostate cancer (PCa) and, in particular, the specific receptor that mediates its actions have not been elucidated yet. (scienceopen.com)
- Immunoprecipitation assays revealed that insulin activated the insulin receptor (INSR), but not the IGF1 receptor (IGF1R). (scienceopen.com)
- Insulin receptor isoforms and insulin receptor/insulin-like growth factor receptor hybrids in physiology and disease. (scienceopen.com)
- In mammals, the insulin receptor (IR) gene has acquired an additional exon, exon 11. (scienceopen.com)
- Remarkably, IGF-1-induced IGF-1 receptor, Akt, and ERK1/2 phosphorylations were restored when protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B was inhibited, suggesting that polycystin-1 knockdown deregulates this phosphatase in cardiomyocytes. (cas.cz)
- Here, we identified insulin receptor-related receptor (IRR) as an EPI64-interacting protein. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- Here, we report an active humanized cone snail venom insulin with an elongated A chain and a truncated B chain, and use cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and protein engineering to elucidate its interactions with the human insulin receptor (IR) ectodomain. (tu-dresden.de)
- Curiously, the receptor displays a continuum of conformations from the symmetric state to a highly asymmetric low-abundance structure that displays coordination of a single humanized venom insulin using elements from both of the previously characterized site 1 and site 2 interactions. (tu-dresden.de)
- The application of SecinH3 in human liver cells showed that insulin-receptor-complex-associated cytohesins are required for insulin signalling. (nature.com)
- Insulin is an anabolic hormone that promotes glucose uptake, glycogenesis, lipogenesis, and protein synthesis of skeletal muscle and fat tissue through the tyrosine kinase receptor pathway. (medscape.com)
- Autoimmunity to insulin or insulin receptor is associated with elevated insulin levels. (medscape.com)
- The insulin receptor was evaluated at different disease stages in the sand rat (Psammomys obesus), a model for nutrition-induced diabetes. (biu.ac.il)
- The initial effects of overeating (i.e., development of hyperinsulinemia without hyperglycemia) were associated in the sand rat with a dramatic decrease in in vitro and in vivo insulin-induced receptor tyrosine kinase activity in both liver and muscle. (biu.ac.il)
- These observations indicate that loss and gain of receptor tyrosine kinase activity were dependent on insulin levels. (biu.ac.il)
- Out of 29 liver tissue sections examined, 14 had a low level of expression of insulin receptor type 1 by immunohistochemical studies. (who.int)
Hypoglycemia6
- Previous studies have shown that glibenclamide can improve insulin secretion at low-normal glucose, which may increase the risk of hypoglycemia when attempting to maintain tight glucose control [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Animal experiments were designed to study the alterations in the fibrinolysin system as a result of insulin-induced hypoglycemia in rats. (aspetjournals.org)
- Insulin, at a dose of 5 units/kg s.c. administered once, produced a significant hypoglycemia. (aspetjournals.org)
- Low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) is common in people with diabetes who are taking insulin or other medicines to control their diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)
- Metformin rarely induces hypoglycemia. (medscape.com)
- Symptoms of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia in humans with and without IDDM. (bvsalud.org)
Phosphorylation3
- Similarly, NF-ĸB p65 small interfering RNA reduced NF-ĸB p65 subunit expression and nuclear translocation and TNF-α production but improved insulin-stimulated phosphorylation (Ser473) of Akt and translocation of GLUT-4. (biosyn.com)
- Here, we show that excess FFA decreased IPMK expression, and blockade of IPMK decrease attenuated the FFA-induced suppression of protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation in primary mouse hepatocytes (PMH). (bvsalud.org)
- In addition, treatment with MG132, a proteasomal inhibitor, inhibits FFA-induced decrease in IPMK expression and Akt phosphorylation in PMH. (bvsalud.org)
Mice12
- Mechanistically, the activation of FcγRIIB by IgG from obese mice impaired endothelial cell insulin transcytosis in culture and in vivo. (jci.org)
- We evaluated the role of insulin in inflammatory parameters in diabetic and nondiabetic mice using a systemic mycosis Paracoccidioides brasiliensis (Pb) model. (hindawi.com)
- Diabetic C57BL-6 mice and controls were infected with Pb18 and treated with insulin for 12 days prior to experiments. (hindawi.com)
- The data suggest that diabetic mice present impaired immunological response to Pb18 infection and insulin modulates inflammation by reducing IL-6 levels in lung and CINC-1 levels in spleen and liver homogenates, restoring leukocyte concentrations in PeLF and also restoring populations of dendritic cells and B lymphocytes in lungs of diabetic mice, permitting the host to better control the infection. (hindawi.com)
- The obese model mice, induced by feeding high-fat diet (HFD), were treated with BMJ by gavage for 10 weeks. (nih.gov)
- Consequently, these results sustain BMJ as a novel functional food for obesity, on the basis of its opposing effects on HFD-induced obesity in mice. (nih.gov)
- β-cell-specific Piezo1-knockout mice show impaired glucose tolerance in vivo and reduced glucose-induced insulin secretion, β-cell electrical activity and Ca 2+ elevation in vitro. (lu.se)
- The 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) is a major endoplasmic reticulum chaperone that modulates unfolded protein response (UPR), and mice with GRP78 heterozygosity were resistant to diet-induced obesity. (umassmed.edu)
- Diet-induced adipose tissue inflammation was reduced, and bone marrow-derived macrophages from Lyz- GRP78(-/-) mice demonstrated a selective increase in IL-6 expression. (umassmed.edu)
- SecinH3-treated mice show increased expression of gluconeogenic genes, reduced expression of glycolytic, fatty acid and ketone body metabolism genes in the liver, reduced liver glycogen stores, and a compensatory increase in plasma insulin. (nature.com)
- Mice deficient in the Rac activator Tiam1 are resistant to Ras-induced skin tumours. (nature.com)
- Our findings show that WTD-fed GATA4iKO mice are resistant to diet-induced obesity. (elsevierpure.com)
Adipose tissue1
- Transcript analysis of white adipose tissue reveals upregulated expression of lipogenic genes, many of which are insulin targets. (eur.nl)
Pancreatic10
- In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy in glibenclamide-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. (hindawi.com)
- Thus, SUs can close the K ATP channel in pancreatic β cells, followed by membrane depolarization and open the voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels (VDCCs) to increase intracellular calcium (Ca 2+ ), resulting in insulin secretion and decreasing blood glucose [ 4 - 6 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Our results directly illustrate the importance of GDH in the regulation of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
- Na+-H+ exchange in the process of glucose-induced insulin release from the pancreatic B-cell. (ac.be)
- Endocytosis after insulin secretion plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in pancreatic β-cells. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- Pancreatic histopathology slides demonstrated that stevia extract did not induce any increase in the number of β-cells. (researchgate.net)
- Chlorpropamide may increase insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. (medscape.com)
- Glipizide is a second-generation sulfonylurea that stimulates the release of insulin from pancreatic beta cells. (medscape.com)
- Tolbutamide increases insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. (medscape.com)
- Stimulates insulin release from pancreatic beta cells. (medscape.com)
Blood glucose4
- Fasting blood glucose ( D ) and insulin ( E ) levels were measured ( n = 7-13), and a GTT ( F ) was performed. (jci.org)
- This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin C and E on blood glucose and electrolyte levels in fructose-induced hyperglycemia in Wistar rats. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
- Drug-induced low blood sugar is low blood glucose that results from taking medicine. (medlineplus.gov)
- Nateglinide is an amino acid derivative that stimulates insulin secretion from the pancreas (within 20 minutes of oral administration), which, in turn, reduces blood glucose levels. (medscape.com)
Compensated with increased insulin secretion1
- WT rats compensated with increased insulin secretion and beta-cell mass. (escholarship.org)
Rats5
- In HIP rats, in contrast, neither beta-cell function nor mass compensated for the increased insulin demand, leading to diabetes. (escholarship.org)
- IAPP-induced ER stress distinguishes the successful versus unsuccessful islet adaptation to a high-fat diet in rats. (escholarship.org)
- As oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathology of IR, the present study was conducted to investigate the effects of rosiglitazone alone or combined with α-lipoic acid, a potent antioxidant, on fructose-induced IR syndrome in rats. (ejbcp.com)
- This study investigates the effect of stevia on serum omentin and visfatin levels as novel adipocytokines in diabetic induced rats to find potential mechanisms for the anti hyperglycemic effect of stevia. (researchgate.net)
- Forty male wistar rats weighing 180-250 g were induced with diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). (researchgate.net)
Lipid10
- Collectively, these data indicate that Cry deficiency results in an increased vulnerability to high-fat diet-induced obesity that might be mediated by increased insulin secretion and lipid storage in adipose tissues. (eur.nl)
- We tested the hypothesis that a high oxidative capacity could attenuate lipid-induced IR. (medscape.com)
- In untrained subjects, lipid infusion reduced oxidative and nonoxidative glucose disposal (NOGD), whereas trained subjects were completely protected against lipid-induced reduction in NOGD, supported by dephosphorylation of glycogen synthase. (medscape.com)
- We conclude that chronic exercise training attenuates lipid-induced IR and specifically attenuates the lipid-induced reduction in NOGD. (medscape.com)
- However, whether mitochondrial function and content are important in the prevention of lipid-induced muscular fat accumulation and IR has not been firmly established. (medscape.com)
- [ 15−20 ] Thus, this model can be used to investigate whether mitochondrial function and content affect lipid-induced IR by comparing subjects with high and low mitochondrial function. (medscape.com)
- Therefore, the primary aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that a high mitochondrial oxidative capacity could prevent the development of lipid-induced IR. (medscape.com)
- To this end, the current study examined the development of lipid-induced IR in endurance-trained athletes, who were selected based on a high maximal oxygen uptake in a graded exercise test and compared with untrained, but otherwise healthy, subjects. (medscape.com)
- Markers chosen for assessment included effects on body weight gain, glucose and insulin levels, IR, β- cell function, lipid profile, nitric oxide (NO) metabolites and antioxidant status. (ejbcp.com)
- Omega-3 fatty acids had no significant effect on serum lipid levels, ApoA-I, glucose, insulin and HbA1c. (who.int)
Inhibition1
Gene2
- Insulin induced gene 1, also known as INSIG1, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the INSIG1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
- This gene is called an insulin-induced gene because the molecule insulin can regulate it. (wikipedia.org)
20231
- Dr Anne Peters reports on the latest updates presented at EASD 2023 on insulin therapy for T2D, including insights from the ONWARDS trials and STOP study. (medscape.com)
Hyperglycemia1
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents a group of metabolic diseases related to defective production, secretion, or activity of insulin resulting in hyperglycemia associated with deleterious effects on the life quality of patients [ 16 , 17 ], and it is frequently associated with complications that lead to multiple organ dysfunction. (hindawi.com)
Role in promoti1
- These results suggest that glibenclamide-induced autophagy plays an inhibitory role in promoting insulin secretion by activating the AMPK pathway instead of altering the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). (hindawi.com)
Type 2 diabet5
- Yet, PIEZO1 expression is elevated in islets from human donors with type-2 diabetes (T2D) and a rodent T2D model (db/db mouse), in which insulin secretion is reduced. (lu.se)
- Why do some people with type 2 diabetes who are using insulin have poor glycaemic control? (bmj.com)
- Kooy et al found improved body weight, glycemic control, and insulin requirements when metformin was added to insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus. (medscape.com)
- Because of these sustained beneficial effects, the policy to continue metformin treatment after the introduction of insulin in type 2 diabetes mellitus should be followed unless contraindicated. (medscape.com)
- The severe insulin-deficient diabetes (SIDD) subgroup is characterised by non-autoimmune impaired insulin secretion and was previously hidden in the type 2 diabetes group. (lu.se)
Diabetes mellitus3
- This sequence of events may be relevant to diet- related changes in human non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. (biu.ac.il)
- Diabetes mellitus was assessed by measures of fasting plasma glucose, two-hour glucose (OGTT) and serum insulin in participants aged 12 years and over in the morning (AM) examination session only. (cdc.gov)
- Insulin concentrations are severely reduced in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and some other conditions, while insulin concentrations are raised in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), obesity, and some endocrine disorders. (cdc.gov)
Effects of insulin1
- Conversely, IR-B is predominantly expressed in adult, well-differentiated tissues, including the liver, where it enhances the metabolic effects of insulin. (scienceopen.com)
Tissues2
- I used sample tissues from canine kidney cortexes that were treated with various concentrations of insulin and Angiotensin II. (oakland.edu)
- The principal function of insulin is to control the uptake and utilization of glucose in the peripheral tissues. (cdc.gov)
Stimulates1
- This finding suggests that constitutively activated GDH enhances oxidation of glutamate, which is intracellularly converted from glutamine to α-ketoglutarate, a tricarboxylic acid cycle substrate, which thereby stimulates insulin secretion. (diabetesjournals.org)
Regulates2
- Insulin-induced vasodilation regulates muscle perfusion and increases the microvascular surface area (microvascular recruitment) available for solute exchange between blood and tissue interstitium. (jove.com)
- Our findings provide the first evidence that polycystin-1 regulates IGF-1-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through a mechanism involving protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B. (cas.cz)
Protein3
- Herein, we showed that glibenclamide promoted insulin release and further activated autophagy through the adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in MIN-6 cells. (hindawi.com)
- Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) is a protein known to be overexpressed in a majority of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors. (tmc.edu)
- Our recent study suggested that EPI64, a GTPase activating protein for Rab27a, contributes to the regulation of glucose-induced endocytosis, which is mediated by the GDP-bound form of Rab27a. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
Decreased insulin-stimulated1
- Moreover, ANG II treatment of L6 myotubes induced NF-ĸB activation and TNF-α production and decreased insulin-stimulated Akt activation and GLUT-4 glucose transporter translocation to plasma membranes. (biosyn.com)
Liver2
Oxidative1
- Endurance-trained athletes, characterized by a high oxidative capacity, have elevated intramyocellular lipids, yet are highly insulin sensitive. (medscape.com)
Metabolism2
Therapeutic4
- Thus, inhibiting obesity-induced IR is one of the key therapeutic strategies to improve T2DM. (authorea.com)
- Observation of therapeutic efficacy of metformin on glucose dysregulation and dyslipidaemia induced by quetiapine in patients with schizophrenia [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANGHAI JIAOTONG UNIVERSITY (MEDICAL SCIENCE), 2021, 41(6): 776-780. (shsmu.edu.cn)
- We reveal how an extended A chain can compensate for deletion of B-chain residues, which are essential for activity of human insulin but also compromise therapeutic utility by delaying dissolution from the site of subcutaneous injection. (tu-dresden.de)
- This finding suggests approaches to developing improved therapeutic insulins. (tu-dresden.de)
Diabetic2
- Insulin treatment restored the leukocyte number in PeLF and restored the presence of B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, and NK cells in lungs of diabetic animals. (hindawi.com)
- IR-A is often aberrantly expressed in cancer cells, thus increasing their responsiveness to IGF-II and to insulin and explaining the cancer-promoting effect of hyperinsulinemia observed in obese and type 2 diabetic patients. (scienceopen.com)
Concentrations1
- Interestingly, insulin secretion is also exaggerated significantly at low glucose concentrations (2 and 5 mmol/l) but not at higher glucose concentrations (8-25 mmol/l). (diabetesjournals.org)
Mechanisms2
- The aims of this study were to investigate whether insulin can directly induce mitogenic activities in PCa-derived cell lines and to examine the mechanisms responsible for these actions. (scienceopen.com)
- Further research is needed to fully dissect the molecular mechanisms underlying the biological actions of insulin in PCa. (scienceopen.com)
Inhibits2
- Inhibits follicle proliferation, if induced by mitogens. (cdc.gov)
- SecinH3 inhibits insulin signalling in HepG2 cells. (nature.com)
Insulinoma1
- The effect of the unregulated increase in GDH activity on insulin secretion was examined by overexpressing GDH266C in an insulinoma cell line, MIN6. (diabetesjournals.org)
Amount of insulin2
- β cells are the targets of glibenclamide and the only highly differentiated insulin-secreting cell in the human body, which secrete a certain amount of insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The amount of light produced is directly proportional to the amount of insulin in the sample. (cdc.gov)
Metabolic1
- In addition to its normal spectrum of metabolic effects, insulin can act as a growth factor and has the ability to promote mitogenic activity. (scienceopen.com)
Pathway1
- Our studies suggest that IRS-2 plays a significant role by activating, at least in part, NF-κB via PI3K/Akt pathway in IGF-1-induced responses in breast cancer cells and the crosstalk between nuclear IRS-2 and NF-κB might be responsible for transcriptional progression of the breast cancer cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
Homeostasis1
- In addition, insulin is the most important factor in the regulation of plasma glucose homeostasis, as it counteracts glucagon and other catabolic hormones-epinephrine, glucocorticoid, and growth hormone. (medscape.com)
Sulfonylureas1
- Metformin can be used as monotherapy or with sulfonylureas, glitazones, or insulin. (medscape.com)
T2DM2
- Obesity, a significant public health problem worldwide, is considered as a high-risk factor to induce IR and T2DM. (authorea.com)
- Natural products from herbs and nutraceuticals have shown promising efficacy on obesity-induced IR and T2DM owing to its multi-component and multi-target characteristics. (authorea.com)