• 1 ) insulin resistance, defined here as an impaired ability of the hormone to suppress hepatic glucose output and to promote peripheral glucose disposal and 2 ) compromised function of the pancreatic ß-cell such that insulin secretion is insufficient to match the degree of insulin resistance. (medscape.com)
  • 0.05) were obtained among TG of skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas and among plasma insulin, [insulin] x [glucose] product, and beta-cell function as gauged by basal, glucose-stimulated, and arginine-stimulated insulin secretion by the isolated perfused pancreas. (nih.gov)
  • Chronic treatment with a novel, peripherally restricted CB1R antagonist (JD-5037) reverses inflammasome activation and inflammatory cell infiltration and restores glucose-induced insulin secretion by targeting macrophage action. (nih.gov)
  • Grover GJ, Koetzner L, Wicks J, Gahler RJ, Lyon MR, Reimer RA, Wood S. Effects of the soluble fiber complex PolyGlycopleX® (PGX®) on glycemic control, insulin secretion, and GLP-1 levels in Zucker diabetic rats. (doctormurray.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disorder characterized by a combination of insulin resistance, (especially in adipose tissue, skeletal muscles and the liver), and relative insulin secretion deficiency ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In the first study of this thesis, chronic RSV supplementation improved glucose homeostasis in diabetic rodents, which was associated with depot-specific stimulation of WAT glyceroneogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis and adiponectin secretion. (uoguelph.ca)
  • Numerous mechanisms have been proposed for statin-associated diabetes risk, primarily related to increased insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This causes a chain reaction that increases secretion of insulin molecules. (proteopedia.org)
  • and triggering activation of G protein-coupled receptors , which in turn causes an enzymatic cascade resulting in the increased secretion of insulin [2] . (proteopedia.org)
  • It works by stimulating GIP production as well as insulin secretion causing the body to properly regulate its blood glucose levels like someone without diabetes. (proteopedia.org)
  • Several studies have reported that induction of CD36 increases uptake of FFA in several cells, suggesting the functional interplay between glucose and FFA in terms of insulin secretion and oxidative metabolism. (e-dmj.org)
  • When β-cell are exposed to chronically excess nutrients, insulin secretion increases initially but eventually fails to compensate for insulin secretion and loses their identity. (e-dmj.org)
  • Though free fatty acids (FFA) stimulate insulin secretion, chronically elevated FFA impairs pancreatic β-cell function in vitro and in vivo , which leads to the induction of lipotoxicity. (e-dmj.org)
  • Here, we tested the direct contribution of POMC neurons expressing LEPRs in regulating energy balance, glucose homeostasis and leptin secretion during fasting using a spatiotemporally controlled Lepr expression mouse model. (elifesciences.org)
  • Zucker (fa/fa) rats, harboring a loss of function mutation of the leptin receptor, develop diabetes, insulin resistance, obesity, and liver steatosis. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we investigated the effect of FXR activation by 6-ethyl-chenodeoxycholic acid, (6E-CDCA, 10 mg/kg) on insulin resistance and liver and muscle lipid metabolism in fa/fa rats and compared its activity with rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg) alone or in combination with 6E-CDCA (5 mg/kg each). (nih.gov)
  • In comparison to lean (fa/+), fa/fa rats on a normal diet developed insulin resistance and liver steatosis. (nih.gov)
  • FXR activation protected against body weight gain and liver and muscle fat deposition and reversed insulin resistance as assessed by insulin responsive substrate-1 phosphorylation on serine 312 in liver and muscles. (nih.gov)
  • Less frequently emphasized, however, is that in the prediabetic phase of the condition, when insulin resistance is already in place, the ß-cell actually hypersecretes insulin despite normal blood glucose levels. (medscape.com)
  • What has defied explanation in biochemical terms is precisely what causes this insulin resistance in the first place and how it relates in a temporal sense to the accompanying hyperinsulinemia. (medscape.com)
  • More specifically, we believe that a compelling argument can now be made for the notion that an abnormal accumulation of fat in muscle and other tissues plays an important role in the etiology of insulin resistance and possibly also in the demise of the ß-cell in type 2 diabetes. (medscape.com)
  • 2. Lack of overt FGF21 resistance in two mouse models of obesity and insulin resistance. (nih.gov)
  • 11. Liver-specific inhibition of ChREBP improves hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance in ob/ob mice. (nih.gov)
  • In diabetes and obesity, an upregulated G-protein-coupled receptor kinase, which inhibits G-protein-coupled receptors, has been reported to contribute to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle ( 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Notably, due to insulin resistance, obese rats exhibited exacerbated post-trauma hyperglycemia as compared with lean Zucker rats ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Obesity is associated with both insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia. (nih.gov)
  • Initially hyperinsulinemia compensates for the insulin resistance and thereby maintains normal glucose homeostasis. (nih.gov)
  • To determine whether both insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia might be secondary to increased tissue TG, we studied correlations between TG content of skeletal muscle, liver, and pancreas and plasma insulin, plasma [insulin] x [glucose], and beta-cell function in four rat models with widely varying fat content: obese Zucker diabetic fatty rats, free-feeding lean Wistar rats, hyperleptinemic Wistar rats with profound tissue lipopenia, and rats pair fed to hyperleptinemics. (nih.gov)
  • Although these correlations cannot prove cause and effect, they are consistent with the hypothesis that the TG content of tissues sets the level of both insulin resistance and insulin production. (nih.gov)
  • It is possible that PKC-mediated phosphorylation of some component in the insulin signaling cascade contributes to the insulin resistance observed in NIDDM. (jci.org)
  • In addition, in vivo insulin elicits distinct nitric oxide synthase-dependent vascular responses to increase total skeletal muscle blood flow and to recruit muscle capillaries (by relaxing resistance and terminal arterioles, respectively). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • It has been proposed that increasing blood flow by this action on resistance vessels could facilitate the delivery of glucose and insulin and thereby contribute to overall glucose disposal ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • It has been established that insulin resistance in the brain is associated with deficits in cognitive flexibility 9 . (nature.com)
  • Efforts to improve insulin sensitivity have been directed to reducing dysbiosis of the gut microbiota, with one of the most effective strategies being modification of the diet to reduce insulin resistance and increase systemic and local intestinal anti-inflammatory activities 10 . (nature.com)
  • Here, we investigate whether obese rats fed with nopal can modify gut microbiota to attenuate metabolic endotoxemia and the subsequent insulin resistance, biochemical abnormalities and improve cognitive function in rats fed a sucrose-enriched high fat diet. (nature.com)
  • They created a liver-specific insulin receptor knockout (LIRKO) mouse, which is a model of severe insulin resistance in the liver. (blogspot.com)
  • The mouse ends up developing severe whole-body insulin resistance, dramatically elevated post-meal insulin levels (20-fold! (blogspot.com)
  • This can be due to liver insulin resistance or insufficient insulin production by the pancreas. (blogspot.com)
  • So insulin resistance in the liver appears to reproduce some elements of diabetes and the metabolic syndrome, but the full-blown disorders require other tissues as well. (blogspot.com)
  • You'll have fatty liver and insulin resistance in no time! (blogspot.com)
  • Effects of body weight resistance training on glut4 expression in obese and lean Zucker rats. (cdc.gov)
  • In insulin resistance there is a decrease level of GLUT4 expression in skeletal muscle. (cdc.gov)
  • The purpose of this study was to determine if low intensity voluntary resistance training could enhance the expression of GLUT4 in lean as well as obese Zucker rats. (cdc.gov)
  • However, the data suggest that resistance training may augment the GLUT 4 protein expression in hindlimb muscles of obese Zucker rats that perform consistent weight-bearing plantar flexion exercise. (cdc.gov)
  • This study provides the basis for further investigation on the effects of progressive resistance training on GLUT4 expression in muscles of the obese Zucker rat. (cdc.gov)
  • Thiazolidinedione drugs (TZDs) such as pioglitazone are approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. (uky.edu)
  • The nucleotide binding domain, leucine-rich-family, pyrin domain-containing-3 (Nlrp3) inflammasome is a sensor of metabolic dysregulation, particularly obesity-induced inflammation, insulin resistance and T2DM. (nih.gov)
  • In the natural history of T2DM, insulin resistance progresses to β-cell failure and uncompensated hyperglycemia, a process replicated in the Zucker diabetic (ZDF) rat. (nih.gov)
  • Endocannabinoids are lipid mediators that contribute to obesity-induced insulin resistance via activation of peripheral CB1R, but their potential role in β-cell failure is unknown. (nih.gov)
  • Notably, epidemiological studies show that men develop insulin resistance and T2D earlier than women and at a lower BMI ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • For instance, women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome typically have significant insulin resistance, regardless of body weight ( 9 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Apolipoprotein E4 and Insulin Resistance Interact to Impair Cognition and Alter the Epigenome and Metabolome. (oregonstate.edu)
  • A DNL gene activation profile in response to statins is associated with insulin resistance and the diabetic status of the patients. (biomedcentral.com)
  • DCM is partially induced by chronic systemic inflammation, underpinned by a hostile environment due to hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, and insulin resistance. (frontiersin.org)
  • Several studies have reported that induction of CD36 increases uptake of FFA in several cells linked to insulin resistance in diabetes, suggest that CD36 may play a pathophysiological event responsible for β-cell dysfunction and failure in T2DM. (e-dmj.org)
  • Our team studies the mechanisms involved in the onset of the hypothalamic leptin/insulin resistance. (cnrs.fr)
  • Benomar Y, Taouis M. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Obesity-Induced Hypothalamic Inflammation and Insulin Resistance: Pivotal Role of Resistin/TLR4 Pathways. (cnrs.fr)
  • Work from a number of laboratories has shown that both in rodents and humans the TG content of muscle, as measured by Folch extraction of tissue samples followed by chemical analysis, bears a negative relationship to whole-body insulin sensitivity. (medscape.com)
  • [ 4 ] in Pima Indians in which each subject underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp to determine whole-body insulin sensitivity and then provided a muscle biopsy for chemical measurement of total TG content. (medscape.com)
  • 3. Fibroblast growth factor 21 reverses hepatic steatosis, increases energy expenditure, and improves insulin sensitivity in diet-induced obese mice. (nih.gov)
  • 5. Adiponectin mediates the metabolic effects of FGF21 on glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in mice. (nih.gov)
  • 10. Amylin improves the effect of leptin on insulin sensitivity in leptin-resistant diet-induced obese mice. (nih.gov)
  • GLP-1 helps increase insulin sensitivity and promote weight loss. (doctormurray.com)
  • Deuterium-labeled phylloquinone fed to α-tocopherol-injected rats demonstrates sensitivity of low phylloquinone-containing tissues to menaquinone-4 depletion. (oregonstate.edu)
  • Insulin sensitivity was maintained despite a slight increase in fasting glucose and insulin plasma concentrations. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In conclusion, the use of moderate doses of an equimolar mix of the two main CLA isomers reduces body fat content, improves plasma lipid profile, maintains insulin sensitivity (despite a moderate degree of hyperinsulinaemia) without the promotion of inflammatory markers in adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat diet. (biomedcentral.com)
  • And, some research shows a link between trans fats and diabetes, likely due to the effect on insulin sensitivity and glucose transport when these fats are integrated into cell membranes. (thepaleomom.com)
  • Susman E. Chromium supplements appear to improve glucose sensitivity in diabetics. (medscape.com)
  • We're excited to demonstrate in this most recent study that the vagus nerve of a mouse transports important signals from the periphery to the central nervous system related to glucose homeostasis - this discovery gets us closer to new technologies that will have the potential of helping many patients living with various metabolic diseases. (debuglies.com)
  • P = 0.0002) and impairment of glucose homeostasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Recent data have shown that pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), an enzyme that decreases the endogenous levels of protective epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), improves glucose homeostasis in insulin-resistant mice. (nih.gov)
  • Leptin is critical for energy balance, glucose homeostasis, and for metabolic and neuroendocrine adaptations to starvation. (elifesciences.org)
  • We report a dissociation between leptin's effects on glucose homeostasis versus energy balance in POMC neurons. (elifesciences.org)
  • the direct contribution of LEPR-expressing POMC neurons on glucose homeostasis has been difficult to dissect due to inevitable alterations of fat mass resulting from prenatal deletions. (elifesciences.org)
  • As such, dissociating the pathways involved in leptin's and melanocortin's effects on adiposity versus glucose homeostasis is key for the development of anti-obesity and anti-diabetes therapies. (elifesciences.org)
  • it also significantly reduced the serum concentrations of total cholesterol on day 14 and those of glucose and leptin on day 28. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • We show that these neurons are dispensable for regulating food intake, but are required for coordinating hepatic glucose production and for the fasting-induced fall in leptin levels, independent of changes in fat mass. (elifesciences.org)
  • Our objective is to understand how inappropriate endocrine and metabolic environments during early life durably impair hypothalamic neuronal organization and leptin/insulin signaling. (cnrs.fr)
  • Improving Type 2 Diabetes Through a Distinct Adrenergic Signaling Pathway Involving mTORC2 That Mediates Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 1 ) showed that β 2 -adrenoreceptor-mediated phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) in skeletal muscles increased GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane and thus increased cellular glucose uptake. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • mentioned) is associated not only with increased glucose uptake by skeletal muscle but also with increased hepatic glycogenolysis and/or glucagon release, likely leading to an increase in plasma glucose levels. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Thus, following systemic β 2 -adrenoreceptor activation, the beneficial effect from increased peripheral glucose uptake in skeletal muscle may be overridden by simultaneous increases in hepatic glycogenolysis and/or glucagon release. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • For example, β 2 -adrenoreceptor activation also causes arteriolar dilation and capillary recruitment in skeletal muscle and thus increases tissue perfusion and (insulin-mediated) glucose uptake ( 4 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Although the current study eloquently provided evidence for β 2 -adrenoreceptor-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle via the cAMP-mTORC2-GLUT4 pathway at the cellular level, future studies are needed to determine the interactions between cellular and systemic glucose responses following β 2 -adrenoreceptor activation. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • In the current study, we compared the temporal sequence of vascular and metabolic responses to a 30-min physiological infusion of insulin (3 mU · min −1 · kg −1 , euglycemic clamp) or saline in rat skeletal muscle in vivo. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We conclude that insulin rapidly recruits skeletal muscle capillaries in vivo by a nitric oxide-dependent action, and the increase in capillary recruitment may contribute to the subsequent glucose uptake. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Insulin enhances both skeletal muscle glucose disposal and total leg blood flow in a time- and dose-dependent fashion ( 1 , 2 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • As a side note, this group also has a skeletal muscle-specific insulin receptor knockout which is basically normal. (blogspot.com)
  • Expressed mainly in skeletal muscle it dramatically increases the muscle's uptake of glucose from the blood in response to insulin or metabolic demand. (cdc.gov)
  • Contractile activity restores insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle of obese Zucker rats. (ecu.edu)
  • Both insulin and contraction stimulate glucose transport in skeletal muscle. (ecu.edu)
  • Protein kinase C is increased in the liver of humans and rats with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: an alteration not due to hyperglycemia. (jci.org)
  • This is highly relevant to diabetics because fasting hyperglycemia comes mostly from increased glucose output by the liver. (blogspot.com)
  • Peripheral cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) blockade reverses β-cell loss, hyperglycemia by reversing macrophage-induced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in a rat model of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). (nih.gov)
  • Long-term treatment with T-1095 causes sustained improvement in hyperglycemia and prevents diabetic neuropathy in Goto-Kakizaki Rats. (medkoo.com)
  • This was associated with a decrease in metabolic endotoxemia, glucose insulinotropic peptide, glucose intolerance, lipogenesis, and metabolic inflexibility. (nature.com)
  • Our results indicated that metformin as a first line antidiabetic drug potentially attenuates heart failure development after myocardial infarction, in the absence of diabetes, and independent of systemic glucose levels and insulin intolerance. (rug.nl)
  • Background/Aims: Obesity is a risk factor for glucose intolerance, steatosis, and oxidative stress, characteristics of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Chronic administration of T-1095 (0.1% w w(-1) pellet chow, for 12 weeks) decreased blood glucose and haemoglobin A(1C) levels, and improved glucose intolerance in db/db mice. (medkoo.com)
  • Rather, it simply reflects the fact that at the dawn of this new millennium and in the 80th anniversary year of the discovery of insulin by Sir Frederick Banting and his colleagues, we are still grappling with the enormous complexity of a disease process in which almost every aspect of the body's metabolism goes awry. (medscape.com)
  • 16. Dysregulated glutathione metabolism links to impaired insulin action in adipocytes. (nih.gov)
  • Insulin regulates the activity of specific brain areas that are important for memory and the regulation of whole-body metabolism. (nature.com)
  • Treatment with vildagliptin in Zucker diabetic fatty rats led to an improvement in cardiac fibrosis and myocardial metabolism resulting in improved cardiac diastolic function, independent from systemic glucose levels. (rug.nl)
  • 2016. Xanthohumol improves dysfunctional glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obese C57BL/6J mice. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • In women, after menopause, all estrogens and almost all androgens are made locally in peripheral tissues from DHEA which indirectly exerts effects, among others, on bone formation, adiposity, muscle, insulin and glucose metabolism, skin, libido and well-being. (indexindex.com)
  • Cinnamate supplementation enhances hepatic lipid metabolism and antioxidant defense systems in high cholesterol fed rats. (medscape.com)
  • Methods: We performed a randomized, controlled experiment in genetically obese fatty Zucker rats and diet-induced obese rats to assess for behavioral and peripheral anti-obesity actions of bromocriptine (10 mg/kg) that would improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Defective glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor expression in diabetic fatty Zucker rats. (proteopedia.org)
  • 1 ) showed that systemic treatment with β 2 -adrenoreceptor agonist improved glucose tolerance in diabetic rats and obese mice. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • impaired glucose tolerance, and elevated post-meal and fasting glucose. (blogspot.com)
  • In contrast, mice lacking adiponectin in the kidney exhibit enhanced glucose tolerance, lower utilization and greater accumulation of lipid species. (bvsalud.org)
  • We determined the hepatic, statin-related gene signature from genome-wide transcriptomic profiling in severely obese patients with varying degrees of glucose tolerance and cardio-metabolic comorbidities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Conclusions: Improvements in obesigenic behaviors, glucose tolerance, hepatic lipid accumulation, and mitochondrial oxidative stress observed in genetically obese and diet-induced obese rodents indicate that bromocriptine may be promising as a broad-based therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • And, another ruminant trans fat, the more widely studied conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), can help improve glucose tolerance, facilitate fat loss, protect against certain cancers (by blocking the growth and spread of tumors), and in most studies, has either a neutral or protective effect against heart disease! (thepaleomom.com)
  • Furthermore, random blood glucose, fasting blood glucose, and glucose tolerance were measured and the histopathological alterations of the pancreas were examined. (japsonline.com)
  • We revealed that the jicama fiber at the dose of 10% and 25% effectively precluded a marked increase in random and fasting blood glucose levels and sustained the glucose tolerance of HFD-fed mice. (japsonline.com)
  • Chinese herbal medicine tianqi reduces progression from impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. (medscape.com)
  • Barclay L. Chromium supplementation may not improve impaired glucose tolerance. (medscape.com)
  • Korean red ginseng improves glucose control in subjects with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. (medscape.com)
  • In support of this, the current study demonstrated an increased peripheral glucose uptake following β 2 -adrenoreceptor activation in diabetic rats and obese mice ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Plasma glucose and glucagon levels can increase significantly during exercise despite increased glucose uptake in exercising muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • However, the observations that in most, but not all, studies insulin-induced increases in total muscle blood flow temporally lag significantly behind the stimulation of muscle glucose uptake ( 2 ) and that this flow effect requires relatively high insulin concentrations have led to controversy regarding the physiological significance of insulin-induced flow increases ( 2 , 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • To examine the satiety responses of Zucker obese and lean rats to simple sugars, adult male rats were given equicaloric intragastric infusions of fructose, glucose, and sucrose. (nih.gov)
  • Insulin binding and glucose transport in adipocytes of acarbose-treated Zucker lean and obese rats. (nih.gov)
  • METHODS: Using a hind limb loading apparatus, eight 6-week old male genetically obese Zucker rats (fa/fa) and eight Zucker lean rats (+/fa) were trained with positive reinforcement to perform weight bearing plantar flexion. (cdc.gov)
  • Eight obese and eight lean Zucker rats served as non-exercising controls. (cdc.gov)
  • However, only 2 of the obese and 5 of the lean zucker rat were able to approach the goal of 50 lifts per session. (cdc.gov)
  • Blood glucose was significantly lower in bromocriptine-treated Zucker rats compared to fatty controls and was no different than that of lean controls. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • However, the statement that "this signaling pathway provides new opportunities for the treatment of type 2 diabetes" ( 1 ) may be debatable because the impacts of systemic β 2 -adrenoreceptor activation on glucose control and hemodynamic changes are not considered. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Therefore, the net increase in plasma glucose following β 2 -adrenoreceptor activation could be more profound in obesity and type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We tested the hypothesis that liver protein kinase C (PKC) is increased in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). (jci.org)
  • Interesting considering muscle tissue seems to be one of the first tissues to become insulin resistant during diabetes onset. (blogspot.com)
  • Las personas usan con mayor frecuencia ácido alfa lipoico para el dolor de nervios en personas con diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Tomar de 600-1800 mg de ácido alfa lipoico por vía oral o por vía intravenosa parece mejorar los síntomas como ardor, dolor y entumecimiento en las piernas y los brazos de las personas con diabetes. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Tomar ácido alfa lipoico por vía oral o por vía intravenosa no mejora los niveles de azúcar en sangre en personas con diabetes tipo 2. (medlineplus.gov)
  • University of California-Davis-type 2 diabetes mellitus (UCD-T2DM) rats with nonfasting blood glucose levels in the range of 150-200 mg/dl were treated with the sEH inhibitor 1-(1-acetypiperidin-4-yl)-3-adamantanylurea (APAU) for 6 wk. (nih.gov)
  • Postprandial glucose-lowering effects of fermented red ginseng in subjects with impaired fasting glucose or type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. (medscape.com)
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate whether consuming nopal, a vegetable rich in dietary fibre, vitamin C, and polyphenols can reduce the metabolic consequences of obesity by modifying the gut microbiota and preventing metabolic endotoxemia in rats fed a high fat and sucrose diet. (nature.com)
  • Further, phlorizin treatment did not improve insulin receptor autophosphorylation nor did the treatment lower liver diacylglycerol. (jci.org)
  • Fisetin attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibiting the insulin-like growth factor II receptor apoptotic pathway through estrogen receptor-α/-β activation. (utaipei.edu.tw)
  • Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide receptor or gastric inhibitory polypeptide receptor (GIPR) is a transmembrane protein which is responsible for boosting glucose-induced insulin production. (proteopedia.org)
  • The purpose of the receptor is to bind glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in the presence of glucose. (proteopedia.org)
  • A novel pathway for regulation of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor expression in beta cells. (proteopedia.org)
  • 9. Pegylated Fgf21 rapidly normalizes insulin-stimulated glucose utilization in diet-induced insulin resistant mice. (nih.gov)
  • 12. The effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor on insulin signal transduction in the liver of diabetic mice. (nih.gov)
  • 13. Inhibition of lipolysis may contribute to the acute regulation of plasma FFA and glucose by FGF21 in ob/ob mice. (nih.gov)
  • LIRKO mice had elevated post-meal blood glucose due to the liver's unresponsiveness to insulin's command to take up sugar. (blogspot.com)
  • One of the interesting things about LIRKO mice is their dramatically elevated insulin level. (blogspot.com)
  • The really strange thing about LIRKO mice is that their blood glucose becomes more normal with age. (blogspot.com)
  • Genetic rodent models (rats and mice) of temperament and propensity to substance use and abuse, including opioids and psychostimulants. (nih.gov)
  • 1: Yamaguchi K, Kato M, Ozawa K, Kawai T, Yata T, Aso Y, Ishigai M, Ikeda S. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling for the effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors on blood glucose level and renal glucose excretion in db/db mice. (medkoo.com)
  • Insulin increases glucose disposal into muscle. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 0.05), and this preceded both activation of insulin-signaling pathways and increases in glucose disposal in muscle, as well as changes in total leg blood flow. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • We demonstrated that consumption of nopal also increases the phosphorylation of IRS-1 and AKT in the liver, indicating an increase in insulin signaling 13 . (nature.com)
  • Metanx alleviates multiple manifestations of peripheral neuropathy and increases intraepidermal nerve fiber density in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. (medscape.com)
  • Effect of a glucosidase inhibitor on the metabolic response of diabetic rats to a high carbohydrate diet, consisting of starch and sucrose, or glucose. (nih.gov)
  • Synaptosome studies of uremic rats have shown altered function of the sodium ATP and other metabolic pumps. (medscape.com)
  • Peripherally, liver triglycerides were significantly reduced and hepatic manganese superoxide dismutase significantly increased in bromocriptine-treated fatty Zucker and diet-induced obese rats compared to controls. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Genetically obese Zucker rats have signifficantly lower GLUT-4 protein expression when compared with leans. (cdc.gov)
  • For patients who respond inadequately following 8 to 12 weeks of treatment, as determined by reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG), the dose may be increased to 8 mg daily as monotherapy or in combination with metformin, sulfonylurea, or sulfonylurea plus metformin. (nih.gov)
  • We recently demonstrated that traumatic injury rapidly increased plasma glucose levels via β 2 -adrenoreceptor-dependent glycogenolysis in the liver. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Treatment with a selective β 2 -adrenoreceptor antagonist blunted the hepatic glycogenolysis and the increase in plasma glucose levels ( 3 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • 2013. Xanthohumol lowers body weight and fasting plasma glucose in obese male Zucker fa/fa rats. . (oregonstate.edu)
  • The Zucker diabetic fatty rat offered such a model system. (jci.org)
  • 18. Topiramate is an insulin-sensitizing compound in vivo with direct effects on adipocytes in female ZDF rats. (nih.gov)
  • A hydroxychalcone derived from cinnamon functions as a mimetic for insulin in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (medscape.com)
  • Administration of APAU attenuated the progressive increase of blood glucose concentration and preserved mitochondrial structure and myofibril morphology in cardiac myocytes, as revealed by electron microscopy imaging. (nih.gov)
  • 1. Acute glucose-lowering and insulin-sensitizing action of FGF21 in insulin-resistant mouse models--association with liver and adipose tissue effects. (nih.gov)
  • We report that β-cell failure in adult ZDF rats is accompanied by the activation of the Nlrp3 inflammasome in pancreatic islets, which are heavily infiltrated by M1 macrophages and cytotoxic T cells. (nih.gov)
  • Rosiglitazone reduced blood insulin, glucose, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and cholesterol plasma levels but promoted body weight gain (20%) and liver fat deposition. (nih.gov)
  • 6. Insulin-sensitizing effect of rosiglitazone (BRL-49653) by regulation of glucose transporters in muscle and fat of Zucker rats. (nih.gov)
  • and glucose, insulin and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) levels. (doctormurray.com)
  • The rats who ate PGX had improved glycemic control, increased GLP-1 levels and significantly decreased levels of the blood glucose marker HbA(1c). (doctormurray.com)
  • Theodoros Zanos, Ph.D., head of the Neural & Data Science Lab & assistant professor at the Institute of Bioelectronic Medicine, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, and his collaborators, discovered how the vagus nerve relays signals from the periphery to the brain to help regulate glucose , potentially uncovering a new way to measure blood glucose levels. (debuglies.com)
  • Any deviation of normal blood glucose levels for an extended period of time can be dangerous or even fatal, so regulation of blood glucose levels is a biological imperative. (debuglies.com)
  • Because the specifics of how this was accomplished were largely unknown, Dr. Zanos and his colleagues' sought to identify the specific signals relayed from the periphery to the brain that responded to changes in glucose levels. (debuglies.com)
  • Short-chain fish peptides have been shown in several studies to reduce blood glucose levels after meals, reduce fasting blood sugar, lower cholesterol and improve insulin functions. (lionhealthcare.no)
  • GIPR is expressed in higher levels when glucose is in higher concentration. (proteopedia.org)
  • One such example is glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), which works with GIP to regulate the body's insulin levels. (proteopedia.org)
  • Serum triglyceride (TG), total-cholesterol (T-cho), glucose (Glu), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), geranylgeranyltransferase (GGT) and albumin (Alb) levels were measured. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In rats with RF, brain levels of creatine phosphate, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and glucose are increased, whereas levels of adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and lactate are decreased. (medscape.com)
  • Hypoglycemia is defined by the author as a blood glucose concentration below 60 mg/dL as determined in a hospital laboratory. (medscape.com)
  • Previous studies have demonstrated that obese Zucker fa/fa rats fed 7 weeks with nopal decreased hepatic steatosis by increasing fatty acid oxidation and decreasing oxidative stress. (nature.com)
  • Several signaling molecules have been identified as critical players in the regulation of insulin-induced IR activation. (mdpi.com)
  • Fatty acid translocase cluster determinant 36 (CD36), which is part of the free fatty acid (FFA) transporter system, has been identified in several tissues such as muscle, liver, and insulin-producing cells. (e-dmj.org)
  • Insulin-stimulated glucose transport is decreased in obese humans and rats. (ecu.edu)
  • In humans, glucose is the primary sugar for high energy demanding cells in brain, muscle and peripheral neurons. (debuglies.com)
  • Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that chronic administration of pioglitazone would reduce PDN in Zucker Diabetic Fatty (ZDF fa/fa [ZDF]) rats. (uky.edu)
  • 7. Resveratrol improves insulin signaling in a tissue-specific manner under insulin-resistant conditions only: in vitro and in vivo experiments in rodents. (nih.gov)
  • The ligand which binds to GIPR is glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), also known as gastric inhibitory polypeptide (shown in green). (proteopedia.org)