• This loss in the glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) phenotype correlates with changes in morphology, increased proliferation and increased alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, suggesting that the loss of GSIS may be due to de-differentiation of the high passage MIN6 cells. (dcu.ie)
  • After 48 hours, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). (bvsalud.org)
  • Similarly, islets exposed to low and high concentrations of cytokines had significantly improved glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). (kcl.ac.uk)
  • BACKGROUND: Islet ß-cell dedifferentiation may be the main cause of reduced insulin secretion. (bvsalud.org)
  • RESULTS: We observed for the first time that high glucotoxicity can induce dedifferentiation of pancreatic islet ß-cell, causing a decrease in insulin secretion levels and expression of Pdx1, MafA, p-- FoxO1, and p-Akt and an increase in expression of Oct4 and Nanog. (bvsalud.org)
  • After Ang-(1-7) intervention, insulin secretion levels and expression of Pdx1, MafA, p-FoxO1 and p-Akt were increased, and the levels of Oct4 and Nanog were reduced. (bvsalud.org)
  • In pancreatic islets, GLUT2 allows a rapid equilibration of glucose between the extracellular space and the interior of the cells and it may play a crucial role in the glucose signaling mechanism leading to insulin secretion (43). (justia.com)
  • In paper II, we showed that silencing of CD59 expression in rat β cells significantly suppressed insulin secretion. (lu.se)
  • Moreover, removing the membrane-bound CD59 did not affect insulin secretion, suggesting that intracellular CD59 is involved in this function. (lu.se)
  • Non-GPI anchored CD59 interacts with SNARE protein: VAMP2 and rescues insulin secretion. (lu.se)
  • We showed that the GPI-anchor, which is necessary for CD59 complement inhibitory function, is not necessary for its ability to mediate insulin secretion. (lu.se)
  • Two other mutations: W40E and C64Y, rescued insulin secretion. (lu.se)
  • Our data suggest that there are different structural requirements for separate functions of CD59, which are: MAC inhibition and insulin secretion. (lu.se)
  • We named these isoforms IRIS-1 and IRIS-2 (Isoforms Rescuing Insulin Secretion 1 and 2). (lu.se)
  • They colocalize with insulin granules and interact with SNARE exocytotic machinery, allowing for insulin secretion. (lu.se)
  • Islet function was assessed by static incubation and insulin secretion measured by radioimmunoassay. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • There is evidence that 2D or 3D culturing conditions have an impact on the cells' secretome, and here we aimed to compare the secretion of cytokines and growth factors in human MSCs from different sources cultured in 2D and 3D conditions and assess their effect on human macrophages polarization in vitro. (biomedcentral.com)
  • NC de-differentiation can be characterized by a gradual acquisition of a fibroblastic morphology, the expression of proteins associated with an undifferentiated mesenchymal cell phenotype (e.g., type I collagen and versican), and decreased expression of hyaline cartilage proteins (e.g., type II collagen and aggrecan). (wikipedia.org)
  • Weinberg characterized "aberrant metabolic phenotype" with "autologous proliferation signaling, apoptosis resistance, evasion of proliferation inhibition, continuous angiogenesis, infiltration and migration, unlimited replication capacity, immune escape" in tumor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Growing evidence suggests that transcriptional regulators and secreted RNA molecules encapsulated within membrane vesicles modify the phenotype of target cells. (unicyte.ch)
  • Growth factors may act either in an autocrine or a paracrine fashion and their temporal and spatial concentration modulates the cell phenotype and function. (unicyte.ch)
  • The cell phenotype is therefore determined by signals that target the cells received within a defined microenvironment. (unicyte.ch)
  • This suggests that MSCs are inducing loss of the mature β -cell phenotype/ a mild dedifferentiation which we predict may be protective to islets. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • My primary research interest lies in the area of vascular physiology and particularly in smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation and dedifferentiation from the contractile to the synthetic phenotype. (bergdahllab.com)
  • Similar to other chondrocytes from hyaline cartilage tissues in other locations in the human body, NC undergo a process of cell de-differentiation during monolayer culture. (wikipedia.org)
  • The murine embryonic stem (ES) cell line, ES-D3 was used in this project as a model for (a) investigating controversial aspects of current protocols used for the derivation of (3 cell types from ES cells and (b) investigating the potential to regulate the differentiation of ES cells into endodermal derivatives 1 e 0-1 ike cells, using extra-cellular factors previously associated with various aspects of pancreatic development. (dcu.ie)
  • Treatment of these aggregates with retinoic acid (RA) was previously shown to induce endodermal differentiation We exposed RA_EBs to secondary treatment with agents associated with pancreatic endocrine differentiation, e g Activin A (AA), Sodium Butyrate (SB) and Betacellulin (BTC), with the aim of developing a novel protocol for the regulated derivation of insulin-expressing cell types. (dcu.ie)
  • Applying 2-stage regulated differentiation protocols developedduring the course of the study, we demonstrated the derivation of an intermediate multi-potential population (RAJEBs) from undifferentiated ES cells that preferentially gave rise to pancreatic endocrine insulin-expressing cell types in the presence of SB and neuronal-like cell types in the presence of AA or BTC. (dcu.ie)
  • In the seminar, I will describe how nanotopography can affect pancreatic beta-cells differentiation and geometry to ultimately recreate the islet-like cluster organization which is crucial for the proper functioning of these cells. (lu.se)
  • Since robust localisation of IRIS-1 in the nucleus is observed only in some nuclei, it can suggest that IRIS-1 is localising in the nucleus depending on the differentiation state of the cells or in a subset of cells with different functional relevance. (lu.se)
  • The restoration takes place primarily by initiating the morphogenetic processes i.e. multiplication and differentiation of cells. (pw.live)
  • MAPK pathways refer to various cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation and migration. (springer.com)
  • Global transcriptome and chromatin occupancy analyses of ZNF148 revealed a central role in inhibiting cancer cell de-differentiation and migration. (nature.com)
  • Tumor initiation and progression often involve the dysregulation of developmentally important genes in cancer cells, endowing them with stem cell-like features such as enhanced self-renewal, invasiveness, and an aberrant differentiation state [ 1 ]. (nature.com)
  • The MYC proto-oncogene is a transcription factor essential in stem/progenitor cell maintenance and differentiation [ 11 ]. (nature.com)
  • Developmentally, it is well established that expression of the ID members is strongest in stem/progenitor cells, while their levels decrease upon differentiation. (nature.com)
  • Role of extracellular RNA-carrying vesicles in cell differentiation and reprogramming. (unicyte.ch)
  • In particular, stem cells are highly sensitive to extracellular signals that play a critical role in mainten- ance of stem cell characteristics, differentiation, and interplay with somatic cells. (unicyte.ch)
  • Several other environmental factors including oxy- gen concentration and mechanical, metabolic, and bio- chemical conditions have been shown relevant in cell differentiation and have been reviewed extensively (Fig. 1) [3]. (unicyte.ch)
  • These factors regulate gene expression, cell differentiation, and extracellular matrix synthesis. (pfmjournal.org)
  • There is a growing body of evidence that multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells' (MSCs') remarkable therapeutic potential is attributed not only to their differentiation and regenerative capacity, but also to the paracrine effect, underlying their immunomodulatory properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Depending on the tissue of origin, they may have a higher preference for differentiation into one particular cell type and a lower preference for another one, but they all still retain the differentiation potential for the mesenchymal lineage. (promocell.com)
  • Which plates does PromoCell recommend as 96-well U bottom suspension plates for chondrogenic differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells? (promocell.com)
  • For chrondrogenic differentiation it is important that the cells do not adhere to the wells. (promocell.com)
  • During differentiation, the cells form spheroids which float in the medium. (promocell.com)
  • Here, we explore the evolution of reprogramming and directed differentiation approaches within the context of hepatocyte to β-cell transdifferentiation focussing on how the introduction of new techniques has improved our ability to generate β-cells. (silverchair.com)
  • Different studies statement that cells in the late G2 phase undergo the process Calcitriol (Rocaltrol) of differentiation into cysts when faced with harsh environmental conditions [60,61,62,63]. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • It is interesting to study the initiation and regulation of differentiation in cells having no G1 phase, Mouse monoclonal to Ractopamine as typically, cell differentiation occurs from your G1 phase of the cell cycle. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • Myc is a highly pleiotropic transcription factor that governs cell expansion by coordinating diverse cellular processes, including proliferation, dedifferentiation, biosynthetic metabolism, cell growth, and angiogenesis ( Dang, 2012 ). (life-science-alliance.org)
  • IR alters glucose metabolism, resulting in an elevation in insulin production by beta-cells. (researchsquare.com)
  • Insulin resistance (IR) is clinically characterized as the inability of insulin to enhance glucose uptake and metabolism. (researchsquare.com)
  • Therefore, if we take into consideration the repercussions of IR on the different organs, it is interesting to differentiate between the outcomes secondary to over activation of signaling pathways that remain sensitive to insulin versus changes that are a consequence of an impaired ability of insulin to regulate glucose metabolism. (researchsquare.com)
  • Further, results of the present study reconfirms and provide direct evidence to the crucial role of insulin receptor signaling in the glucose homeostasis and fuel metabolism. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Akt pathways have effects on apoptosis, protein synthesis, metabolism and cell cycle. (springer.com)
  • The aberrant glucose metabolism is associated with dramatically increased bioenergetics, biosynthetic, and redox demands, which is vital to maintain rapid cell proliferation, tumor progression, and resistance to chemotherapy and radiation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the early 1920s, German biochemist and physiologist Otto Warburg conducted groundbreaking research and proposed the famous "Warburg effect": Tumor cells prefer to use glycolysis for glucose metabolism even in oxygen-rich conditions, rather than more efficient mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The energy metabolism of cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Morales PE, Torres G, Sotomayor-Flores C, Peña-Oyarzún D, Rivera-Mejías P, Paredes F, Chiong M. GLP-1 promotes mitochondrial metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells by enhancing endoplasmic reticulum - mitochondria coupling. (uchile.cl)
  • Chiong M, Cartes-Saavedra B, Norambuena-Soto I, Mondaca-Ruff D, Morales PE, García-Miguel M, Mellado R. Mitochondrial metabolism and the control of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. (uchile.cl)
  • Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)] can attenuate high glucose-induced apoptosis and dedifferentiation of pancreatic ß-cell, but the specific signal transduction pathway and mechanism are not yet clear. (bvsalud.org)
  • Reduced β cells mass is often seen in T2D individuals, caused by enhanced β cells apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • It is now understood that several components drive β cells dysfunction and apoptosis. (lu.se)
  • Pancreatic beta-cells, by releasing insulin, play a key role in the control of glucose homeostasis and their dysfunction, dedifferentiation and death underlie diabetes mellitus development. (lu.se)
  • We found that C3 is upregulated in pancreatic islets during T2D as a factor against β cells dysfunction caused by attenuated autophagy. (lu.se)
  • FIVE STAGES OF DIABETES: BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS & INSULIN DYSFUNCTION Did you know there are 5 stages of blood sugar and insulin dysfunction leading to full blown diabetes, Most, walk around without knowing their blood sugar levels are high. (diabetestalk.net)
  • Prevention and intervention should focus on stage 1, the earliest point of dysfunction which is insulin resistance. (diabetestalk.net)
  • Astragalus polysaccharide induces anti-inflammatory effects dependent on AMPK activity in palmitate-treated RAW264.7 cells. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Here we report that S961, a peptide insulin receptor antagonist induces hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia ( approximately 18-fold), glucose intolerance and impairment in the insulin mediated glucose disposal in the Sprague-Dawley rats. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Insulin resistance (IR) is recognized as a biological reaction to insulin stimulation in target tissues. (researchsquare.com)
  • We selected articles from the PubMed database that featured the terms 'insulin resistance' and 'signaling pathway. (researchsquare.com)
  • IR is calculated with the use of homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) using the formula: fasting plasma glucose (mmol/L) × fasting serum insulin (mU/mL)/22.5. (researchsquare.com)
  • The intracellular signaling pathway of IR is complex, involving several factors and molecules, and activation of specific points has been demonstrated in individuals with insulin resistance. (researchsquare.com)
  • Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterised by defective insulin exocytosis from the pancreatic β cells, accompanied by insulin resistance. (lu.se)
  • S961, an insulin receptor antagonist causes hyperinsulinemia, insulin-resistance and depletion of energy stores in rats. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • We don't know what causes this nerve damage, but studies done at Brown University and the University of Pennsylvania indicate that insulin resistance, the core of Type 2 diabetes, is a big part of it. (diabetestalk.net)
  • Insulin resistance may deprive brain cells of glucose they need to function, causing damage. (diabetestalk.net)
  • The Stages of Diabetes Stage 1, insulin resistance: Blood sugar levels seem normal because the pancreas balances high blood sugar by releasing higher amounts of insulin. (diabetestalk.net)
  • 2 NAFLD is associated with obesity and features of metabolic syndrome, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, central adiposity, insulin resistance, or diabetes. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • However, the roles and pathways of UFM1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has remained undefined. (bvsalud.org)
  • Alterations in normal insulin signaling pathways contribute as increased risk factors for the development of dysfunctions on the various organs. (researchsquare.com)
  • Using substrates reproducing the complex nanotopographic features of the extracellular matrix, we have shown that these cells are mechanosensitive and use mechanotransductive pathways to control their fate and function. (lu.se)
  • Within a latest meeting critique, Tanaka and Galliot described data presented by Andras Simon indicating that activation of apoptotic pathways in cultured newt myo tubes resulted within their cellularization, suggesting that these pathways may well play a part in dedifferentiation. (atpasesignaling.com)
  • Insulin/IGF-I signaling pathways enhances tumor cell invasion through bisecting GlcNAc N-glycans modulation. (omicsdi.org)
  • NF-κB pathways are associated with immunity, inflammation and cell survival. (springer.com)
  • Increasingly, complimentary cell culture techniques, which recapitulate the developmental microenvironment, are employed to coax cells to adopt new identities by indirectly regulating transcription factor activity via intracellular signalling pathways. (silverchair.com)
  • After isolation from septal cartilage biopsies, NC can be extensively expanded in numbers by conventional in vitro cell culture methods (monolayer culture in flasks or Petri dishes). (wikipedia.org)
  • The most recent edition of " Diabetes In Control " features a story on a submission to the July 2008 issue of the journal Laboratory Investigation entitled "Cellular origins of adult human islet in vitro dedifferentiation" authored by Stephen C. Hanley, Amélie Pilotte, Bernard Massie and of course, Lawrence Rosenberg. (sstrumello.com)
  • When tested in vitro, IB1 bound specifically to the GTII cis element of the GLUT2 gene and to an homologous regulatory sequence of the insulin promoter termed RIPE3. (justia.com)
  • We have developed an in vitro preclinical 3D NASH model by coculturing primary human hepatocytes, human stellate cells, liver endothelial cells and Kupffer cells embedded in a hydrogel of rat collagen on a 96-well plate. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • This is a new in vitro model of NASH disease consisting of four human primary cell-types that exhibits most features of the disease. (xiahepublishing.com)
  • The application of hydrogels as a matrix for 3-dimensional cell cultures has become an indispensable tool in tissue engineering, biotechnology and biomedical research due to the improved functionality and viability of the in vitro biological system. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are a multipotent and multifunctional adult progenitor cell which have been extensively shown to improve islet function and viability in vitro. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Membrane vesicles, actively released by cells, represent a mechanism of intercellular communication that is conserved evolutionarily and involves the transfer of molecules able to induce epigenetic changes in recipient cells. (unicyte.ch)
  • To investigate this, we aimed to induce dedifferentiation in β-cells through several methods: FGF2 treatment, inhibition of Foxo1, and siRNA KD of Ins2, Mafa, Slc2a2 and Nkx6.1 . (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Insulin-producing beta cells from the pancreas can return to more primitive developmental state called stem-like cells, scientists from the McGill University Health Centre (MUHC) and the Centre hospitalier de l'Universite de Montreal (CHUM) have proved. (medindia.net)
  • Similar outcomes have been achieved for the three additional types of cells which make up the islets of Lagerhans, and which produce insulin and other hormones in the pancreas. (medindia.net)
  • At this stage, we can''t confirm whether the cells'' ability to turn into stem-like cells occur naturally in a healthy pancreas, but the results are very encouraging for the development of regenerative therapies to fight diabetes," he added. (medindia.net)
  • Her research interests are in molecular and cell biology of diabetes initiation and progression and she continues use zebrafish as a complementary model for interrogating the effects of neural perturbances on pancreas physiology. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • Human insulin is a peptide hormone produced by the beta-cells (β-cell) of the pancreas, and its release is dependent on glucose levels in the circulation, in addition amino acids, incretins and cholecystokinin also promote its release. (researchsquare.com)
  • D) Quantification of CCKBR expressing cells per mm 2 of pancreas in sham (S+V, white bars) and Px rats-treated with vehicle (Px+V, hatched bars) or with gastrin (Px+G, black bars). (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • Upon the diagnosis of diabetes there is a typical sense of shock or disbelief, yet at the same time it represents an estimated 13 year losing battle for the pancreas as food choice triggers excess insulin release and the pancreas loses function. (diabetestalk.net)
  • Stage 2, blood sugar levels rise (pre-diabetes): The pancreas has difficulty keeping up with the demand of producing more insulin to maintain normal levels of blood sugar. (diabetestalk.net)
  • Several mechanisms have been suggested to justify the development of IR, among which are genetic alterations in proteins of the insulin action cascade, visceral fat thickening and fetal malnutrition. (researchsquare.com)
  • The molecular characteri zation of blastema cell surface antigens and study of the regulation of dedifferentiation by transcription variables, microRNAs, polycomb proteins and chromatin modify ing enzymes is going to be essential for comprehending the mecha nism of dedifferentiation in regenerating amphibian limbs. (atpasesignaling.com)
  • Tau tangles are twisted-up proteins that form within nerve cells of people with Alzheimer's, interfering with cell function. (diabetestalk.net)
  • The advantages of accutase over the traditional trypsin treatment are that it is more gentle and less damaging to cells (leading to increased viability) and does not contain any mammalian or bacterially derived proteins. (promocell.com)
  • Cellular identity is determined by the transcriptional profile which comprises the subset of mRNAs, and therefore proteins, being expressed by a cell at a given point in time. (silverchair.com)
  • The researchers say that clinical trials with INGAP have shown that it is possible to regrow new functional insulin-producing cells in diabetic patients. (medindia.net)
  • Innervation modulates the functional connectivity between pancreatic endocrine cells. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • 13/24670-5 - The role of HNF4alfa in expansion of functional pancreatic beta cell in insulin resistant and, STZ-induced diabetic mice. (fapesp.br)
  • In the present review we focus on the extracellular vesicle-induced epigenetic changes in recipient cells that may lead to phenotypic and functional modifications. (unicyte.ch)
  • Information exchange between cells coordinates devel- opment and functional interplay in complex organisms. (unicyte.ch)
  • These DEGs have a wide range of downstream functional roles including cell death, stress and trafficking. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Studies addressing the concept of exercise 'dose' to optimize pre-operative functional capacity and insulin sensitivity in elderly colorectal cancer patients. (bergdahllab.com)
  • Back in 1997, I commented to someone that I thought the approach was akin to pouring water into a bucket with holes it -- the trick is to make sure that water is flowing faster into the bucket than it is flowing out, but instead of water, we're talking about beta cell regeneration. (sstrumello.com)
  • However, since then, researchers at Joslin have since confirmed Dr. Butler's findings, which has given the idea of beta cell regeneration much more credibility as a viable means for a cure. (sstrumello.com)
  • Focal areas of regeneration and ductal-cell relative volume after pancreatectomy (Px). (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • F) Ductal cell replication in the focal areas of regeneration of pancreatic remnants from Px+V and Px+G rats 3 days after Px. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • Alexa Fluor 488, green), insulin (Alexa Fluor 647, blue) and NKX6-1 (Alexa Fluor 555, red) immunofluorescence in the focal areas of regeneration from pancreatic remnants 3 days following Px. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • D) Quantification of KRT20 positive cells, within the focal areas of regeneration, expressing low levels of NKX6.1. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • Nevertheless, 3 on the four transcription component genes used to reprogram mammalian grownup somatic cells to pluripo tency are upregulated all through blastema forma tion in regenerating newt limbs, as well as all through lens regeneration. (atpasesignaling.com)
  • This is an intermediate kind of regeneration without undergoing dedifferentiation. (pw.live)
  • Using the Myc-switchable pIns-MycER TAM ;RIP7-Bcl-x L β-cell tumor model in an unbiased reversible kinetic expression analysis, we previously identified genes required for maintenance of Myc-driven β-cell tumors. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • The UFM1 co-expressed genes, and the association between the UFM1 expression and immune cells and ubiquitination were explored. (bvsalud.org)
  • Transcriptional activator Islet-Brain 1 (IB1) is disclosed which is involved in the control of the GLUT2 and insulin genes by interacting with homologous cis-regulatory elements of the GLUT2 and insulin promoters, and to materials and methods deriving from this work. (justia.com)
  • The present invention is based on successful expression cloning of a transcription factor that binds to the GTII element of the GLUT2 and insulin genes from a differentiated insulin-secreting cDNA library. (justia.com)
  • reported the upregulation of two genes connected with combating cell strain in regenerating axolotl limbs at four dpa. (atpasesignaling.com)
  • Dedifferentiated cells express a number Resminostat price of genes related with all the dedifferentiated state, which include msx1, Nrad, rfrng and notch. (atpasesignaling.com)
  • First of all, remedy of cultured insulin creating INS 1E cells with all the reversible ER stress inducer cyclopiazonic acid upregulated genes related to ER pressure when concurrently downregulating genes associated with differentiated cell functions. (atpasesignaling.com)
  • The MYC proto-oncogene ( MYC ) is one of the most frequently overexpressed genes in breast cancer that drives cancer stem cell-like traits, resulting in aggressive disease progression and poor prognosis. (nature.com)
  • Differential gene expression analysis between control β-cells and co-cultured β-cells (1.3-fold change threshold) revealed 26 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) common between all replicates. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • However, there are no changes in the expression of β-cell disallowed genes such as Aldh13, Ldha , and Sox9. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • With fellowship support from the Human Frontier Science Program, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the European Molecular Biology Organization, she investigated the in vivo interplay between autonomic innervation and pancreatic endocrine cells, which has potential implications in diabetes progression. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • AbstractDirect modulation of pancreatic endocrine cell activity by autonomic innervation has been debated. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • 1 The main function of insulin is to maintain glucose homeostasis, enabling glucose absorption and inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, besides acting as an anabolic hormone that favors not only the absorption of amino acids and fatty acids, but also promotes cell growth and energy storage. (researchsquare.com)
  • OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ang-(1-7) on high glucose-induced islet ß-cell dedifferentiation by activating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Protein kinase B/ Forkhead box transcription factor O1 (PI3K/Akt/FoxO1) signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • CONCLUSION: Ang-(1-7) may prevent high glucose-induced pathological dedifferentiation of pancreatic ß-cell by activating the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signaling pathway. (bvsalud.org)
  • The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway has been implicated in the pathogenesis of numerous tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (omicsdi.org)
  • Here, we describe how only the lack of the receptor Fzd9, previously identified as a Myc transcriptional target, impairs sustained tumor expansion and β-cell dedifferentiation in a mouse model of Myc-driven insulinoma, allows pancreatic islets to maintain their physiological structure and affects Myc-related global gene expression. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Impairment in the insulin receptor signaling and insulin mediated effects are the key features of type 2 diabetes. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • A novel high-affinity peptide antagonist to the insulin receptor. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • In this publication we describe a peptide insulin receptor antagonist, S661, which is a single chain peptide of 43 amino acids. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • The affinity of S661 for the insulin receptor is comparable to that of insulin and the selectivity for the insulin receptor versus the IGF-1 receptor is higher than that of insulin itself. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • S661 is also an antagonist of the insulin receptor of other species such as pig and rat, and it also has considerable affinity for hybrid insulin/IGF-1 receptors. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • These antagonists provide a useful research tool for unraveling biochemical mechanisms involving the insulin receptor and could form the basis for treatment of hypoglycemic conditions. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • Molecular analysis of non-small cell lung cancer identifies subsets with different sensitivity to insulin-like growth factor I receptor inhibition. (omicsdi.org)
  • This study aimed to identify molecular determinants of sensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) to anti-insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-IR) therapy.A total of 216 tumor samples were investigated, of which 165 consisted of retrospective analyses of banked tissue and an additional 51 were from patients enrolled in a phase II study of figitumumab, a monoclonal antibody against IGF-IR, in stage IIIb/IV NSCLC. (omicsdi.org)
  • The potential for dedifferentiation of all the different cells that make up the islets of Langerhans is a totally new finding," said lead researcher Dr. Lawrence Rosenberg, Chief of the Division of Surgical Research at McGill''s Faculty of Medicine. (medindia.net)
  • The replacement of β-cells through the transplantation of isolated pancreatic islets is a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Co-cultured islets exposed to acute hypoxia, or a high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines had significantly greater cell viability than control islets. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • 2 Deficiency of insulin production or activity results in diabetes mellitus (DM), which can be either type 1 (T1DM) when there is a destruction of the β-cell by an autoimmune process, or type 2 (T2DM) in which there is a failure of the β-cell to produce insulin. (researchsquare.com)
  • insulin-secreting cells, the basolateral membrane of intestinal and kidney absorptive cells, in hepatocytes and in a subset of neurons (21,31,44). (justia.com)
  • A fragment of the murine GLUT2 promoter has been cloned and shown to be glucose-responsive when transfected into differentiated insulin-producing cells or into hepatocytes (35,36,52). (justia.com)
  • The nodule, poorly encapsulated, consists of a central stellate fibrous scar and normal liver elements such as HEPATOCYTES, small BILE DUCTS, and KUPFFER CELLS among the intervening fibrous septa. (lookformedical.com)
  • One well-established example of transdifferentiation is the conversion of hepatocytes to pancreatic β-cells. (silverchair.com)
  • Here, we discuss how transcription factors, and their unique position as the gatekeepers of cellular identity, are exploited in cell reprogramming protocols by exploring work focusing on one reprogramming paradigm - the transdifferentiation of hepatocytes to pancreatic beta cells (β-cell). (silverchair.com)
  • Nuclear transplantation studies and ectopic grafting experi ments have proven that blastema cells are certainly not repro grammed to pluripotency. (atpasesignaling.com)
  • Both in limb and tail the progenator of mesenchyme is the blastema formed by dedifferentiation, their division is controlled by nerve and wound epidermis. (pw.live)
  • She took advantage of the zebrafish model to conduct in vivo imaging, targeted-cell ablation, optogenetic-mediated neuromodulation and genetic analyses to uncover insights into pancreatic nerve-endocrine interactions during development and physiological adaptations. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • The mRNA and protein expression levels of ß-cell-specific factors [Pancreatic duodenal homeobox-1 (Pdx1), v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A(MafA)] and endocrine progenitor cell-specific factors [Octamer binding transcription factor 4(Oct4), Nanog] were measured by Real Time-PCR and Western blot. (bvsalud.org)
  • Interestingly, we discovered that LIN28, a fourth transcription issue utilised to reprogram mammalian somatic cells to pluripotency, was upregulated on all dpa. (atpasesignaling.com)
  • A better understanding of the levers governing transcription factor activity benefits our ability to generate therapeutic cell types at will. (silverchair.com)
  • Only one epithelial-like tumor was identified in the phase II study, suggesting that advanced NSCLC has undergone significant dedifferentiation at diagnosis.NSCLC comprises molecular subsets with differential sensitivity to IGF-IR inhibition. (omicsdi.org)
  • Occurs by the proliferation of new cells or tissues from the surface of wounds or cut parts. (pw.live)
  • The induction of the dedifferentiation occurs only when two hits occur in the same cell: either H-Ras overexpression and loss of p53 or loss of tumor suppressors NF1 and p53. (genengnews.com)
  • The transition of one phase to the other in the Go/G1, S, and G2/M phases of the cell cycle in malignancy cells occurs only after passing through the checkpoints, regulated by cyclins and CDKs, which is usually impaired in malignancy. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • Beyond this, little is identified concerning the molecular mechanism of dedifferentiation from the regener ating urodele limb. (atpasesignaling.com)
  • Hence it can be possible that LIN28 may perform a part from the selleckchem transcriptional regulation of nuclear reprogramming dur ing limb cell dedifferentiation. (atpasesignaling.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Ubiquitin fold modifier 1 (UFM1) overexpression is associated with cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. (bvsalud.org)
  • The effects of UFM1 expression on the growth and migration of OSCC cells were investigated by siRNA interference, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Transwell, Western blotting, and wound healing experiments. (bvsalud.org)
  • Decreased UFM1 expression could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • Sex steroid receptors (SSRs), which are involved in BC etiology and progression, promote BCSC proliferation, dedifferentiation and migration. (wjgnet.com)
  • ZNF148 suppressed cell proliferation and migration and was transcriptionally repressed by MYC in breast cancer. (nature.com)
  • Depletion of ZNF148 by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) and CRISPR/Cas9 increased triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell proliferation and migration. (nature.com)
  • Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are an extensively researched yet still understudied tool for treating a wide range of pathological conditions, one particular area of research interest being their immunomodulatory properties. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The overarching goal of my research program is to study the various aspects of blood flow regulation, with a specific focus on how it is altered by pathological changes in cardiomyocyte and vascular smooth muscle cell structure and function. (bergdahllab.com)
  • Nasal chondrocytes (NC) are present in the hyaline cartilage of the nasal septum and in fact are the only cell type within the tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Articular chondrocytes have typically been the cell type used for cartilage tissue engineering strategies for articular cartilage repair. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell yield after enzymatic digestion of the nasal cartilage was estimated to be 2,100 - 3,700 cells/mg of tissue. (wikipedia.org)
  • Rapid advances in RNA sequencing technology (or RNA-seq) for analyzing entire transcriptomes of desired tissue samples, or even of single cells at scale, have revolutionized biology in the past decade. (rna-seqblog.com)
  • Dedifferentiation Dedifferentiation happens in conjunction with the libera tion of cells from their tissue matrix by protease induced histolysis. (atpasesignaling.com)
  • A shortage of these stem cells in patients suffering recurrent loss is associated with accelerated ageing of the tissue. (sciencedaily.com)
  • involves dedifferentiation to form undifferentiated mass of tissue. (pw.live)
  • An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ without tumor formation. (lookformedical.com)
  • The main advantage of hydrogels for microfluidic cell cultures, however, is their mimicry of extracellular matrix structures including adequate porosity for cellular organization, biocompatibility, and representative stiffness, all key parameters that promote native-like tissue function. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • The relevance of these phenomena in stem cell biology and tissue repair is discussed. (unicyte.ch)
  • The remaining cartilaginous part (characterized as hyaline cartilage) of the human nasal septum has a specific three-dimensional organization with regards to local differences in cell size and the amounts of extracellular matrix. (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite recent achievements of microfluidic 2D cell culture systems [9], they still do not address the fact that in vivo cells coexist in 3D communities that are influenced by spatial orientation of cells and cell-to-cell contact within the extracellular matrix [10]. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • Similarly, reprogramming of somatic cells involves a complex interaction among intracellular and extracellular signals leading to epigenetic remodeling [6]. (unicyte.ch)
  • KD of extracellular matrix protein Lgals3bp lead to an 12.5% decrease in islet cell viability suggesting that signalling through LGALS3BP maintains islet viability. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. (wur.nl)
  • The Journal of Molecular Cell Biology ( JMCB ) is a full open access, peer-reviewed online journal interested in inter-disciplinary studies at the cross-sections between molecular and cell biology as well as other disciplines of life sciences. (letpub.com.cn)
  • These findings uncover a previously unknown tumor suppressor role for ZNF148, and a transcriptional regulatory circuitry encompassing MYC, ZNF148, and ID1/3 in driving cancer stem cell traits in aggressive breast cancer. (nature.com)
  • The proliferation rate of NC was reported to be increased in the presence of specific growth factors such as TGF-beta and FGF-2 or culture supplements like Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium. (wikipedia.org)
  • The combination of 3-dimensional hydrogel cell cultures with microchip technology further allows (i) spatial and temporal control of cell growth, (ii) application of defined mechanical (e.g. shear, strain, stretch) and chemical (e.g. gradients) stimuli, as well as (iii) monitoring of dynamic cellular responses using integrated sensing strategies. (heraldopenaccess.us)
  • The resting zone, a source of stemlike progenitor cells that restores the reservoir of proliferative chondrocytes, is located farthest from the primary ossification center and assumes responsibility for preserving the architectural integrity of the growth plate [ 4 ]. (pfmjournal.org)
  • Ductal and epithelial cell markers expression after Px and gastrin treatment. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • We found that IRIS-1 expressing cells displayed significantly higher expression levels of Urocortin 3 and Pdx 1 (markers of mature β cells, which loss marks the beginning of β cells dedifferentiation), suggesting that IRIS-1 may be required for maintaining β cells identity and function. (lu.se)
  • This prompted further sub-clustering of β-cells into mature and immature-like populations based on expression of key β-cell maturity markers. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • There was significant downregulation of key maturity markers - Ins2, Mafa, Slc2a2 and Nkx6.1 - in mature co-cultured β-cells compared to mature controls. (kcl.ac.uk)
  • The aim is to further the understanding of these organ systems with respect to cell signaling, contractility and, in smooth muscle cells, dedifferentiation markers. (bergdahllab.com)
  • Failure to tightly regulate hormone release from islet cells leads to diabetes and its many co-morbidities. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • cells, the level of expression of GLUT2 is low and the intracellular glucokinase activity seems to be the rate-limiting step in the glycolytic pathway (5,11). (justia.com)
  • By dissecting and interfering with these events we expect to develop innovative strategies to address diabetes mellitus and other pancreatic-cell-related diseases. (lu.se)
  • Low passages of the MIN-6 insulinoma cell line are glucose-responsive whereas at high passage they become glucose non-responsive. (dcu.ie)
  • On the other hand, insulinoma cells that had lost their normal glucose responsiveness have low GLUT2 content, but some glucose sensitivity may be recovered after reintroducing GLUT2 expression through stable transfection of these cells (10,16). (justia.com)
  • Furthermore, transgenic mice that express GLUT2 antisense RNAs driven by the insulin promoter led to an 80% reduction in GLUT2 which was paralleled by a decreased glucose-induced insulin secretory response and by the onset of diabetes (48). (justia.com)
  • Islet cells respond to physiological stimuli including glucose, fatty acids, hormones and neurotransmitters. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • She completed a PhD in Cell and Developmental Biology at UBC in the lab of Prof. Jim Johnson, studying pancreatic beta cell death in diabetic settings and characterizing factors that can promote beta cell survival. (exeter.ac.uk)
  • NEUROG3 positivity is found in epithelial ductal cells (asterisk) and in the surrounding mesenchymal cells. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • How do mesenchymal stem cells from different tissues differ in terms of their biological function? (promocell.com)
  • The innermost layer of an artery or vein, made up of one layer of endothelial cells and supported by an internal elastic lamina. (lookformedical.com)
  • Solitary or multiple benign cutaneous nodules comprised of immature and mature vascular structures intermingled with endothelial cells and a varied infiltrate of eosinophils, histiocytes, lymphocytes, and mast cells. (lookformedical.com)
  • Describing the process as "dedifferentiation", the researchers say that it highlights the plasticity of this cell type. (medindia.net)
  • In designing a RNA-seq study, researchers must resolve challenges relating to social behavior studies and decide whether single-cell RNA-seq or bulk RNA-seq will best achieve the study goals. (rna-seqblog.com)
  • The researchers further found that a stem cell shortage accelerates cellular ageing in the womb. (sciencedaily.com)
  • C) KRT20+ cell relative volume in pancreatic remnant-equivalents from sham-Px (S+V, white bars), and pancreatic remnants from Px+V (hatched bars) and Px+G (black bars) rats, 3 days after surgery. (endocrinology-journals.org)
  • S661 completely inhibits insulin action, both in cellular assays and in vivo in rats. (pharmaceuticalintelligence.com)
  • This led us to question whether excessive Ca V 3 channels, retained mistakenly in engineered human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived islet (hiPSC-islet) cells, act as an obstacle to hiPSC-islet maturation. (mdpi.com)
  • Scientists have discovered that a lack of stem cells in the womb lining is causing thousands of women to suffer from recurrent miscarriages. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Professor of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Jan Brosens led the team who unearthed the link between stem cells and miscarriage. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The team found a shortfall of stem cells is the likely cause of accelerated ageing of the lining of the womb which results in the failure of some pregnancies. (sciencedaily.com)
  • The study, which is a collaboration between the University's Warwick Medical School and Warwick Systems Biology Centre, has been published in the journal Stem Cells . (sciencedaily.com)
  • The team found that an epigenetic signature -- which is typical of stem cells -- was absent in cultures established from womb biopsies taken from women suffering recurrent miscarriages. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Indeed, fewer stem cells could be isolated from the lining of the womb from recurrent miscarriage patients when compared to women in the study's control group. (sciencedaily.com)
  • This renewal capacity is dependent on resident stem cell population. (sciencedaily.com)
  • She said: "The real challenge now is to develop strategies to increase the function of stem cells in the womb lining. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Second, there are a number of drugs and other interventions, such as endometrial 'scratch', a procedure used to help embryos implant more successfully, that have the potential to increase the stem cell populations in the womb lining. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Dinorah Friedmann-Morvinski, a post-doctoral fellow in Inder Verma's lab at the Salk Institute, has shown how tumors originated from mature neurons dedifferentiate into glioma stem-like progenitor cells. (genengnews.com)
  • Current knowledge about the most aggressive forms of BC points to the role of specific cells with stem properties located within BC, the so-called "BC stem cells" (BCSCs). (wjgnet.com)
  • Consequently, in order to develop effective targeted therapy, there is a pressing need to identify all molecular regulators that define cancer stem cell traits in TNBC. (nature.com)
  • We previously reported a MYC-centered regulatory network in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells that accounts for the similarity between the ES cells and cancer cells, and is associated with a worse prognosis in cancer, including cancers of the breast [ 20 ]. (nature.com)
  • Despite ZNF148 being an established node of the MYC-network in ES cells, and the significance of MYC in driving cancer stem cells traits, the role of ZNF148 in breast cancer remains elusive. (nature.com)
  • 2013) exhibited the elevated expression of cysteine protease (cathepsin B alone or with uPAR) in glioblastomas, which in turn was responsible of self-renewal of malignant glioblastoma stem cells. (globaltechbiz.com)
  • Cell Cycle The cell cycle is an integral part of cellular processes. (globaltechbiz.com)