• The prevalence of convergence insufficiency is the same in all industrial societies. (medscape.com)
  • The supraoculomotor area in the midbrain, adjacent to the oculomotor nuclei, is the final common pathway for convergence eye movements prior to the oculomotor nucleus. (medscape.com)
  • Dr. Susan Cotter, a Professor of Optometry at the Southern California College of Optometry (SCCO) at Marshall B. Ketchum University, is a pediatric optometrist and clinician scientist with primary research interests related to clinical management strategies for amblyopia, strabismus, convergence insufficiency, and childhood refractive error. (aaopt.org)
  • This activity reviews the evaluation and treatment of strabismus and highlights the role of the interprofessional team in evaluating and treating patients with this condition. (nih.gov)
  • Strabismus is defined as acquired if the deviation is noticed after 6 months of age, following a presumed normal ocular alignment. (nih.gov)
  • One participant in each treatment group underwent strabismus surgery, with the overminus group participant also discontinuing overminus spectacles. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Treatment for moderate to high focusing disorders. (wustl.edu)
  • Through clinical and basic research, they have made valuable contributions to both the understanding and treatments of ophthalmic disorders. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • Among disorders of binocular function, vergence insufficiency is the inability to converge or diverge the eyes smoothly and effectively to the object of interest and/or inability to maintain the vergence angle. (arvojournals.org)
  • This literature search covering 50 years reviews the range of ocular and visual disorders in patients with PD and classifies these according to anatomical structures of the visual pathway. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
  • It discusses six common disorders in more detail, reviews the effects of PD-related pharmacological and surgical treatments on visual function, and offers practical recommendations for clinical management. (parkinsonsinfoclub.com)
  • Accommodative Insufficiency. (slackbooks.com)
  • Some patients with convergence insufficiency have concurrent accommodative insufficiency-accommodative amplitudes should therefore also be measured in symptomatic patients. (wikipedia.org)
  • Headaches caused by convergence or accommodative insufficiency usually do not occur until school age and often not until third or fourth grade when the reading print becomes smaller and it takes a longer time to finish assignments. (abhisheknethradhama.com)
  • Convergence insufficiency may be treated with convergence exercises prescribed by an eyecare specialist trained in orthoptics or binocular vision anomalies (see: vision therapy). (wikipedia.org)
  • Symptoms may be particularly associated with close work and may include frontal headache, ocular fatigue, blurred vision, inertia of accommodation (see notes on Anomalies of Accommodation). (academy.org.uk)
  • Causes include 3rd N anomalies, head trauma, Parinaud s syndrome (convergence paralysis + vertical gaze palsy). (academy.org.uk)
  • It can be due to refractive error, binocular fusion abnormalities, or neuromuscular anomalies of ocular movements. (nih.gov)
  • Many vision problems in children, such as dyslexia, convergence insufficiency or anomalies in fixation, saccades or pursuit eye movement, such as amblyopia/lazy eye can't be detected by way of reading an eye chart. (guldenophthalmics.com)
  • citation needed] Note that some Internet resources confuse convergence and divergence dysfunction, reversing them. (wikipedia.org)
  • The earliest description of this type is the Duane-White classification of divergence and convergence malfunction (Borisch, 1970). (academy.org.uk)
  • Divergence insufficiency (DI) describes the condition where the patient has a decompensated esophoria for distance vision with either no or a lesser amplitude of well compensated esophoria at near (Evans, 1997). (academy.org.uk)
  • Eye strain, fatigue, frequent loss of place while reading, and frank binocular diplopia associated with near point tasks are among the reported symptoms of convergence insufficiency. (medscape.com)
  • A later study of 2012 confirmed that orthoptic exercises led to longstanding improvements of the asthenopic symptoms of convergence sufficiency both in adults and in children. (wikipedia.org)
  • An initial study of the treatment of intermittent exotropia by minus overcorrection. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Overcorrecting minus lens therapy for treatment of intermittent exotropia. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Goodacre H. Minus overcorrection: conservative treatment of intermittent exotropia in the young child-a comparative study. (jamanetwork.com)
  • A randomized trial evaluating short-term effectiveness of overminus lenses in children 3 to 6 years of age with intermittent exotropia. (jamanetwork.com)
  • A randomized clinical trial of overminus spectacle therapy for intermittent exotropia. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Abnormalities on examination include exophoria or exotropia at near, reduced fusional vergence amplitudes, and an increased near point of convergence. (medscape.com)
  • This process usually overtaxes already weak convergence amplitudes, which are a measure of a person's ability to focus both eyes simultaneously on a reading target. (abhisheknethradhama.com)
  • Dr. Cotter has served in leadership positions for several large-scale NEI-funded studies - the Multi-Ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study (MEPEDS), the Collaborative Longitudinal Evaluation of Refractive Error (CLEERE), the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT), and the CITT-Attention & Reading Trial (CITT-ART). (aaopt.org)
  • In 2005, the Convergence Insufficiency Treatment Trial (CITT) published two randomized clinical studies. (wikipedia.org)
  • In a bibliographic review of 2010, the CITT confirmed their view that office-based accommodative/vergence therapy is the most effective treatment of convergence insufficiency, and that substituting it in entirety or in part with other eye training approaches such as home-based therapy may offer advantages in cost but not in outcome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exotropia is an ocular misalignment often accompanied by double vision, abnormal eye movement of one or both eyes, impaired vision and discomfort. (nvisioncenters.com)
  • Secondary exotropia occurs as a side effect of some treatments for esotropia or results from a primary sensory deficit. (nvisioncenters.com)
  • These can be objectively measured by measuring the convergence response to accommodative stimuli (accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio [AC/A]) and the accommodative response to convergence stimuli (convergence accommodation to convergence ratio [CA/C]). Small imprecisions in this system can be compensated for by a cortical process called sensory fusion. (medscape.com)
  • Convergence insufficiency is a sensory and neuromuscular anomaly of the binocular vision system, characterized by a reduced ability of the eyes to turn towards each other, or sustain convergence. (wikipedia.org)
  • This first volume covers the visual sensory system, the autonomic nervous system, the ocular motor system, the eyelid, facial pain and headache, and nonorganic disease. (symptoma.com)
  • Convergence insufficiency usually occurs in the school-aged child who complains of a chronic headache, typically for several months. (abhisheknethradhama.com)
  • Convergence insufficiency is characterized by one or more of the following diagnostic findings: patient symptoms, high exophoria at near, reduced accommodative convergence/accommodation ratio, receded near point of convergence, and low fusional vergence ranges and/or facility. (wikipedia.org)
  • Heterophoria is defined as an ocular deviation kept in control by a fusional mechanism. (nih.gov)
  • [ 4 ] Considering this distributed network, convergence insufficiency is typically poorly localizing and, as an isolated finding, is much more likely to result from an inherent imbalance within this system or decompensation secondary to multifocal cerebral dysfunction. (medscape.com)
  • Página 66 - Does androgen insufficiency cause lacrimal gland inflammation and aqueous tear deficiency? (symptoma.com)
  • Convergence insufficiency can cause difficulty learning to read. (wikipedia.org)
  • In some cases, convergence insufficiency can be the underlying cause of difficulty learning to read. (wikipedia.org)
  • citation needed] Diagnosis of convergence insufficiency is made by an eye care professional skilled in binocular vision dysfunctions, such as an orthoptist, to rule out any organic disease. (wikipedia.org)
  • The near point of convergence (NPC) of the eyes can be investigated by placing a fixation object at 30 to 40 cm in the mid-plane of the patient s head. (academy.org.uk)
  • Jump convergence (phasic or step convergence) is tested by asking the patient to change fixation from a distant target to a near target positioned in the mid-plane 15 cm from the patient s head. (academy.org.uk)
  • Currently the only treatment is a corneal transplant. (guldenophthalmics.com)
  • In these studies MIEBO showed statistically significant improvement in dry eye symptoms (measured by the Ocular Surface Disease Index [OSDI] and the Visual Analog Scale) and signs (measured by corneal staining - this is where dry and broken corneal cells are visualized using a sodium fluorescein dye). (eyedolatryblog.com)
  • Full resolution of corneal staining was seen as early as day 15 using the MIEBO drop treatment! (eyedolatryblog.com)
  • Convergence Insufficiency (CI) is a common eye coordination disorder where your eyes struggle to work together when focusing on a nearby object. (amplifyeye.care)
  • [ 3 ] Convergence insufficiency is a common disorder in young and aging adults and may be isolated and idiopathic or associated with other neurologic disease. (medscape.com)
  • Convergence insufficiency is a supranuclear disorder of ocular motility. (medscape.com)
  • Demographic studies have shown that Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is more prevalent in children with convergence insufficiency than in normal children. (ac.ir)
  • Treatment of MS has 2 aspects: immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) for the underlying immune disorder and therapies to relieve or modify symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • The first AREDS clinical trial, AREDS1, established AMD as a "nutrition-responsive disorder. (aoa.org)
  • Additional structures in the midbrain and pons are involved in these pathways and coordinating convergence eye movements with versions. (medscape.com)
  • [6] Another treatment that is sometimes suggested is lacrimal plugs that prevent tears from draining from the surface of the eye. (wikipedia.org)
  • The first, published in Archives of Ophthalmology, demonstrated that computer exercises when combined with office/based vision therapy/orthoptics were more effective than "pencil pushups" or computer exercises alone for convergency insufficiency in nine- to eighteen-year-old children. (wikipedia.org)
  • Convergence insufficiency is not a learning disability. (wikipedia.org)
  • The morbidity of convergence insufficiency relates to the near point visual demands of the patient's activities. (medscape.com)
  • Instead of focussing on a diagnosis, and considering only the treatment of a patient's disease, patient-centred care means focussing on the individual person, assessing the problems they face, sharing information about options, and collaborating on making decisions about how best to manage those problems. (forresteye.com)
  • There are advantages and compromises involved with all the available options, and customising care means aligning the treatment with a patient's lifestyle and visual goals, the condition of their eyes, and allowing a patient to weigh up the relative importance of those various compromises. (forresteye.com)
  • Tailoring treatment to individual needs, involving patients in decision-making, and providing comprehensive education and follow-up, means the individual patient's well-being is at the forefront of every decision. (forresteye.com)
  • Documentation of the patient's family ocular and systemic health history. (berkeley.edu)
  • Emergency clinicians play an important role in diagnosing concussion, initiating treatment, and providing concussion education to patients and their caregivers to optimize recovery. (ebmedicine.net)
  • With the creation of the Sports Concussion Rehabilitation Center and the addition of a dedicated Sports Concussion Physical Therapist, University Orthopedics hopes to make this treatment more accessible to athletes who have been newly diagnosed with a concussion or those struggling with lingering effects. (universityorthopedics.com)
  • Caroline Bertram is a Doctor of Physical Therapy, specializing in the treatment of concussions at the University Orthopedics Sports Concussion Rehabilitation Center. (universityorthopedics.com)
  • Unlike simple vision problems that can often be corrected with eyeglasses, CI often requires specialized treatment. (amplifyeye.care)
  • Glasses alone can't teach essential visual skills like tracking and convergence that Vision Therapy can. (amplifyeye.care)
  • For most individuals, achieving long-term improvement will require a more comprehensive approach, possibly involving vision therapy or other treatments. (amplifyeye.care)
  • Convergence is the disconjugate adduction of the eyes for vision of near targets. (medscape.com)
  • Appropriate convergence is necessary for clear binocular vision at near, and binocular foveation is essential for stereopsis. (medscape.com)
  • Computer software may be used at home or in an orthoptist's/vision therapist's office to treat convergence insufficiency. (wikipedia.org)
  • While the optometric profession and individual clinicians are aware of the aging population and need for optometric care for this segment of the population, vision in aging is often thought of in terms of ocular disease and low vision. (aaopt.org)
  • A minimum near vision screening test includes measuring near VA, cover test, NPC (near point of convergence), near point of accommodation (if applicable) and vergences. (berkeley.edu)
  • Our goal is to provide diagnostic insight and rehabilitative/adaptive treatments for patients with double vision as well as atypical visual complaints due to development, brain injury, stroke, and neurological disease. (virginianeurooptometry.com)
  • [3] Dry eye syndrome can lead to blurred vision, instability of the tear film, increased risk of damage to the ocular surface such as scarring of the cornea, and changes in the eye including the neurosensory system. (wikipedia.org)
  • Redness, pain, blurry vision, gritty sensation, watering - all of these are the common signs of ocular surface disease, better known as dry eye syndrome. (eyedolatryblog.com)
  • It occurs in people with "anatomically narrow angles" (ANA), meaning that the front chamber of the eye is shallow enough that in these people the internal flow of fluid becomes obstructed and the pressure inside the eye (the intra-ocular pressure, or IOP) rises catastrophically. (forresteye.com)
  • He completed his residency in ocular disease at the Veterans Administration Medical Center in Cleveland, Ohio, and a mini fellowship in Cornea at Northeast Ohio Eye Surgeons. (aaopt.org)
  • Dr. Wong has authored numerous manuscripts and is a frequent lecturer on topics of ocular disease. (aaopt.org)
  • Other groups of patients with multivessel disease will probably tradd be the subject of randomized controlled trial (RCTs) with DES. (forextrading-madeeasy.com)
  • These measurements help with the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic eye disease. (guldenophthalmics.com)
  • In a large human clinical trial, AgeRelated Eye Disease Study (AREDS2) by the National Eye Institute Researchers, linked lutein and zeaxanthin, omega 3, vitamin C, vitamin E and zinc to reducing the risk of AMD. (aoa.org)
  • In other cases, however, a second opinion may present a treatment option that better fits your disease - which could improve or even save your life. (surgerysecondopinion.com)
  • In addition, he is site principal investigator on a new multi-site, five-year, $3.2 million U01 grant (NIH/NINDS) that supports a clinical trial for the study of endurance exercise for people with Parkinson disease. (cuanschutz.edu)
  • What's more, these drops have to be used long term to achieve symptom reduction and studies show that up to 60% of patients with dry eye syndrome using cyclosporine or lifitegrast discontinue drop use within a year of starting treatment. (eyedolatryblog.com)
  • Some cases of convergence insufficiency are successfully managed by prescription of eyeglasses, sometimes with therapeutic prisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • The frequency of convergence insufficiency symptoms may increase with age as patients' ability to compensate for their relative divergent binocular alignment decreases with time. (medscape.com)
  • Second, to identify patients who require special care and refer for proper treatment either within our clinic or to an outside source to meet the patients needs. (berkeley.edu)
  • Follow-up phone calls or visits are necessary, particularly with patients who have had a significant change in prescription, who are encountering a different form of prescription (contacts, spectacles, or multi-focals), or who are receiving treatment for medical eye conditions such as eye infections, glaucoma or in some cases dry eye. (berkeley.edu)
  • Approval was based on two randomized Phase III open-label rater-blinded studies comparing treatment with alemtuzumab to high-dose subcutaneous interferon beta-1a (Rebif) in patients with relapsing remitting MS who were either new to treatment (CARE-MS I) or who had relapsed while on prior therapy (CARE-MS II). (medscape.com)
  • Dr. Liao is a clinician-scientist who is dedicated to making basic discoveries and improving clinical care and treatment of patients with eye-brain diseases. (stanford.edu)
  • TR is usually benign and does not require treatment, but some patients require annuloplasty or valve repair or replacement. (msdmanuals.com)
  • A meta-analysis of four small clinical trials in patients with second-degree burns shows that use of topical aloe vera reduces time to healing by about 4.4 days when compared to control groups treated with silvadene, silver sulfadiazine, or gauze containing 0.5% chlorhexidine acetate ( 110209 ). (therapeuticresearch.com)
  • Whether due to side effects, inconvenience, or ineffectiveness, this research suggests that many dry eye patients aren't finding lasting relief with the available prescription options for treatment. (eyedolatryblog.com)
  • One clinical trial in children and adults with acne shows that topical application of a gel containing aloe 50% in the morning and evening, in addition to topical application of tretinoin 0.025% cream and twice daily cleansing with a medical soap, improves acne lesions by approximately 35% more than using the same treatments without aloe ( 90124 ). (therapeuticresearch.com)
  • Convergence insufficiency is reported to be rare in children younger than 10 years. (medscape.com)
  • The purpose of the present study was to compare ADHD symptoms in Iranian children with convergence insufficiency and normal children. (ac.ir)
  • In the current descriptive-comparative study, 47 children diagnosed with convergence insufficiency were compared with 61 normal children in Borujen city. (ac.ir)
  • The current analysis aimed to characterize exposure-response relationships of TV exposure on the incidence, severity, and longitudinal time course of grade ≥2 ocular adverse events (AEs). (metrumrg.com)
  • Independently from the cause, both may increase evaporation with drying of the ocular surfaces resulting in pain , tearing, and photophobia. (symptoma.com)
  • Convergence insufficiency is a common condition that is characterized by the inability to maintain proper binocular eye alignment on near objects. (medscape.com)
  • Orthophoria is defined as the perfect ocular alignment, even when no stimulus for fusion is present. (nih.gov)
  • This has also been termed the push-up test and tests a combination of both reflex and voluntary convergence (Mallett, 1988). (academy.org.uk)
  • Whilst it is not possible to isolate completely reflex convergence, the Capobianco test, which employs a deep red filter placed before one eye to produce partial dissociation , is purported to provide a measure of reflex convergence with little or no voluntary input (Capobianco, 1952). (academy.org.uk)
  • Report of the National Eye Institute/Industry Workshop on Clinical Trials in Dry Eyes. (symptoma.com)
  • Within 5 minutes of F6H8 drop insertion, ocular surface temperature measured by infrared video imaging decreased by an average of -0.7 degrees Celsius. (eyedolatryblog.com)
  • Surgical correction options are also available, but the decision to proceed with surgery should be made with caution as convergence insufficiency generally does not improve with surgery. (wikipedia.org)
  • We look forward to working with you to determine the best eye surgery or nonsurgical treatment for your individual needs. (nvisioncenters.com)
  • If you find another treatment method that you weren't aware of and your doctor didn't tell you about, getting a second opinion may shed light on other options - maybe less severe surgery. (surgerysecondopinion.com)
  • When an employee faces a serious health problem or is told he or she needs surgery, seeking a 2nd opinion from another physician can, in some cases, have a significant impact on their diagnosis, treatment plan or prognosis. (surgerysecondopinion.com)
  • Not seeking a 2nd opinion in the case of a serious, complex, or rare diagnosis or recommendation for elective surgery is a missed opportunity to lower the risk of misdiagnosis and inappropriate or ineffective treatment. (surgerysecondopinion.com)
  • These are complicated cases that require a thorough assessment and treatment from professionals who specialize in neuro-optometry. (amplifyeye.care)
  • The signs and symptoms of this condition are exactly the same as convergence insufficiency. (abhisheknethradhama.com)
  • Dr. Liao's research is focused on the pathogenesis and novel treatment of optic neuropathies, which are diseases affecting the 1.2 million axons connecting the eye (captures visual information) and the brain (interprets visual information). (stanford.edu)
  • and (3) testing of novel treatment for optic neuropathies, including neuroprotection and regenerative therapy. (stanford.edu)
  • Documentation regarding the past and present ocular history which includes present spectacle/contact lens Rxs with all parameters. (berkeley.edu)
  • 25th Edition of International Conference on Pediatric Cardiology and Health will analyse the recent advancements and new modes that can be enforced to the research and advancement to take Pediatric cardiology treatment, one step further. (fsm10.org)
  • The mission of this SIG is to advance the ocular health of the public through community-based clinical research. (aaopt.org)
  • Specially Cancer treatment is a matter that greatly affects your personal health, your financial well-being, and your quality of life.It is your right toget a medical second opinion , no matter what. (surgerysecondopinion.com)
  • It's not common that treatment for most health problems, including most cancers, needs to start immediately after diagnosis. (surgerysecondopinion.com)