Insecticides organophosphorus compounds. Medical search. Frequent questions

Pesticides are a family of compounds which have brought many benefits to mankind in the agricultural, industrial, and health areas, but their toxicities in both humans and animals have always been a concern. (scienceopen.com)
During the last two decades, organophosphorus pesticides are directly the main reason of acute and chronic poisoning with pesticides among the agricultural workers, among population following household use as insecticides, as well as following accidental or deliberate use that requires emergency medical care, precise diagnostics, effective treatment, and prediction of consequences of intoxication [4, 6, 8-11]. (kiev.ua)
Organophosphorus (OP) compounds and carbamates, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, are widely used pesticides. (mhmedical.com)
Organophosphorus (OP) compounds are widely used as insecticides and pesticides (1). (ac.ir)
Detection of carbamic and organophosphorus pesticides in water samples using cholinesterase biosensor based on Prussian Blue modified screen printed electrode. (springer.com)
The most widely utilized chemicals in China were Organo Phosphorous Pesticides (OPPs), nitrobenzene compounds, chlorobenzene compounds, and benzene homology, which resulted in widespread contamination in many environmental compartments [ 2 - 8 ]. (jenvoh.com)
The compound is largely employed in the production of organophosphorus pesticides such as glyphosate. (icrowdnewswire.com)
Organochlorine pesticides were once important causes of fatal poisoning but their replacement by organophosphorus insecticides in agricultural practice has reduced the number of deaths they cause. (wikitox.org)
A particularly high risk of exposure to hazardous chemicals is associated with the use of pesticides in agriculture, especially the use of organophosphorous pesticides (OP), which are the most widely and commonly used insecticides worldwide. (nih.gov)
More than 100 pesticides are organophosphorus (OP) compounds, but with few exceptions, their GSH conjugates have not been directly observed in vitro or in vivo. (inrae.fr)
Organophosphorus compounds (OPs) are highly toxic chemicals widely used as pesticides (e.g., paraoxon (PX)- the active metabolite of the insecticide parathion) and as chemical warfare nerve agents. (huji.ac.il)
Diazinon (DZN) was first registered as an insecticide in the U.S. However, it was categorized in the limited group of pesticides due to its high toxicity for birds, aquatic animals, and humans. (iapchem.org)
Like other organophosphorus pesticides, this compound exhibits inhibitory effects on the acetylcholinesterase enzyme. (iapchem.org)

Mechanism of action of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. (springer.com)
Patent Document 1 discloses a harmful organism control composition containing a cyclic amine compound having a specific structure and at least one selected from the group consisting of neonicotinoid compounds, organophosphorus insecticides, carbamate insecticides, synthetic pyrethroid insecticides, IGR insecticides, other insecticides/acaricides and agricultural/horticultural fungicides. (justia.com)

OPCs are widely used for many years: in agriculture - for protection of plants and animals as insecticides, acaricides, nematocides and herbicides, in a chemical industry - as solvents and plasticisers, in a pharmaceutical industry - as components of the medicinal products, in a military sector - as chemical warfare agents [1-6]. (kiev.ua)
Glyphosate is an active constituent of various herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides. (icrowdnewswire.com)
PCl3 - Phosphorus Trichloride - is an important industrial chemical, used to manufacture organophosphorus compounds for a wide variety of applications, including herbicides, insecticides, plasticizers, oil additives, and flame retardants. (italmatch.com)

The role and proper dose of pralidoxime in the treatment of Organophosphorus (OP) compounds poisoning is an unresolved issue .This study was designed to compare the regimen recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) with the commonly used standard regimen of pralidoxime. (ac.ir)
OP insecticides were responsible for 50% of all poisoning-related deaths in India in the past 25 years, accounted for 75% of all poisonings (1). (ac.ir)
Self-poisoning with OP compounds is a serious health problem especially in agricultural areas of developing countries (2). (ac.ir)
Organophosphorus poisoning is common in rural Asia. (hindawi.com)
Blackish discoloration of urine is not a feature of organophosphorus poisoning. (hindawi.com)
We report two cases of organophosphorus poisoning from two different compounds, following which patients passed black colored urine, in the absence of haemolysis or rhabdomyolysis. (hindawi.com)
These cases indicate that blackish discoloration of urine in organophosphorus poisoning might not be as uncommon as it was believed to be. (hindawi.com)
The public health importance of organophosphorus poisoning is reflected in the huge number of deaths due to suicidal and accidental toxicity from these compounds [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
Organophosphorus poisoning is common in rural Asia, accounting for 40% of the estimated 500,000 suicide related deaths annually [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
Click here to be notified by email when Organophosphorus Insecticide Poisoning becomes available. (myshopify.com)
Develop your knowledge and understanding of organophosphorus insecticide poisoning in dogs. (myshopify.com)

The invention belongs to technical field of pesticide, relate to a kind of Pesticidal combination that contains furans worm hydrazides and amides compound. (google.com)
Cadusafos is an organophosphate insecticide and nematocide (pesticide to kill nematode worms). (naturalpedia.com)
The great majority of deaths are caused by three classes of pesticide: organophosphorus compounds, paraquat, and aluminium phosphide. (wikitox.org)

The cause of GWI has been thought to center on a variety of exposures that occurred in theater, including organophosphate nerve agent (sarin) and insecticides (e.g. chlorpyrifos). (cdc.gov)
The rate of aging is highly variable, from several minutes to days, depending on the route of exposure as well as the specific OP. Dimethyl OP compounds (eg, dimethoate) generally age more quickly than diethyl agents (eg, chlorpyrifos), and lipophilic OP compounds can be released into the systemic circulation from fat stores for many days to weeks following exposure, prolonging both the duration of clinical toxicity and the aging window. (mhmedical.com)
The major insecticides chlorpyrifos (CP) and diazinon are of particular interest as multifunctional substrates with diverse metabolites, while ClP(S)(OEt) 2 and the cotton defoliant tribufos are possible precursors of phosphorylated GSH conjugates. (inrae.fr)

The present research was carried out to study the possibility of replacing the conventional insecticides (Malathion as organophosphorus insecticide and carbaryl as carbamate insecticide) with safety environmental compounds (spinosad as bioinsecticide and chlorfluazuron as IGR compound) to control the two corn borers Sesamia cretica Led. (scialert.net)
The efficiency of the tested insecticides against O. nubilalis can be arranged according to the mean of reduction percentage during both seasons in a descending order as follows : Spinosad, chlorfluazuron, carbaryl and malathion they were 73.11, 71.78, 65.32 and 38.03%, respectively. (scialert.net)
The general mean of change with increase in grain yield of the tested insecticides during both seasons were arranged in a descending order as follows: spinosad, chlorfluazuron, carbaryl and malathion giving 98.94, 84.20, 70.23 and 40.40%, respectively. (scialert.net)
So it can be replacing malathion and carbaryl as conventional insecticides with spinosad and chlorfluazuron as safety environmental compounds for controlling the two corn borers S. cretica Led. (scialert.net)

The impedimetric biosensor showed a linearity between 5 and 170 ppb for carbamates and 2.5-170 ppb for organophosphate compounds, with a reproducibility (RSD%) interelectrode equal to 4.8 and 3.1% for organophosphates and carbamates, respectively. (springer.com)
Organophosphates and carbamates are the most frequently used insecticides worldwide. (medscape.com)

The pyrethroid insecticides are widely used compounds, typically esters of chrysanthemic acid having a high degree of lipophilicity (fat solubility). (umn.edu)

Discussion of insecticide mode of action will focus on interactions with protein targets and the resulting expression of toxicity in the insect. (umn.edu)
This information will provide a perspective on the comparative acute toxicity of different compounds. (umn.edu)
A more recently developed compound in this group is metofluthrin, specifically designed for biting insect control, and it possesses a strong spatial repellent property and low mammalian toxicity. (umn.edu)
DZN is considered a toxic compound for humans due to its high adsorption via skin and inhalation, which leads to the emergence of different symptoms of toxicity. (iapchem.org)

Organophosphorus compounds inhibit two enzymes: acetylcholinesterase (AChE), found in synaptic junctions and in red blood cells (RBCs), and butyrylcholinesterase, also known as pseudocholinesterase (PChE) or plasma cholinesterase, found in the blood. (mhmedical.com)
For this reason, a monoenzymatic acetylcholinesterase impedimetric biosensor was developed in order to sensitively detect carbamate and organophosphate compounds with a very fast response. (springer.com)
Detection of organophosphorus insecticides with immobilized acetylcholinesterase-comparative study of two enzyme sensors. (springer.com)
Acetylcholinesterase biosensor based on self-assembled monolayer-modified gold-screen printed electrodes for organophosphorus insecticide detection. (springer.com)
An amperometric biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase immobilized onto iron oxide nanoparticles/multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified gold electrode for measurement of organophosphorus insecticides. (springer.com)

Diazinon, also known as dimpylate or new Z diazinon, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrimidinyl phosphorothioates. (foodb.ca)

Terrorist attacks in Japan (1994 and 1995) affected thousands of urban civilians who were exposed to the OP compound sarin. (mhmedical.com)
Some organophosphorus compounds are highly effective insecticides, although some are extremely toxic to humans, including sarin and VX nerve agents. (lacteoscienelac.com)

Inorganic insecticides are used much less than in the past, having been widely replaced by synthetic organics. (encyclopedia.com)

Endothion is an organic compound used as an insecticide and acaricides. (wikipedia.org)

Pyrethroids are the only class of insecticides that are long ( 8 ). (cdc.gov)

There are numerous cases of people being poisoned by accidental exposures to toxic insecticides. (encyclopedia.com)
These compounds cause 80% of the reported toxic exposures to insecticides. (medscape.com)
In addition, the AAPCC reported 435 single exposures to organophosphate insecticides in combination with other insecticides (mostly non-carbamate), none of which were fatal. (medscape.com)
Of the exposures to combined insecticides, 59 occurred in children younger than 6 years and 27 in older pediatric patients. (medscape.com)

Objective: analysis and summary of the literature data and own studies on the possibility of using biomarkers of exposure and effect of organophosphorus compounds (OPCs), determination of immunological biomarkers of the effect under exposure to OPCs that cause delayed neurotoxicity (DN). (kiev.ua)

By definition, an insecticide is a toxic chemical substance that kills living organisms. (newstarget.com)
Nearly all insecticides end up being toxic to aquatic life, animals and even humans. (newstarget.com)
Some are natural biochemicals extracted from plants, while others are inorganic chemicals based on toxic metals or compounds of arsenic. (encyclopedia.com)

In many developing countries including India, OP compounds are easily available and are common cause of both intentional and accidental poisonings (2-5). (ac.ir)

Dichlorvos is a synthetic organic chemical used as an insecticide. (cdc.gov)
This chapter focuses on the chemistry and mode of action of insecticides, and the term "insecticide" will encompass both organic natural products and synthetic compounds. (umn.edu)
The samples were tested for 17 different organic contaminants, including benzene homology, chlorobenzene compounds, organophosphorous insecticides, and nitrogenbenzene compounds. (jenvoh.com)
These are organic compounds containing the thiophosphoric acid functional group or a derivative thereof, with the general structure ROP(OR')(OR'')=S, where R= pyrimidine, R' = organyl group , and R\" = any atom. (foodb.ca)
However, most modern insecticides are organic chemicals that have been synthesized by chemists. (encyclopedia.com)
Natural organic insecticides are extracted from plants. (encyclopedia.com)
More minor groups of synthetic organic insecticides include the formamidines (e.g., amitraz, formeta-nate) and dinitrophenols (e.g., binapacryl, dinocap). (encyclopedia.com)

These matches (and subsequent modifications) were made with heads of white phosphorus, an oxygen-releasing compound (potassium chlorate, lead dioxide, or sometimes nitrate), and a binder. (glassreplacement.pro)
Compounds with carbon phosphorus(III) multiple bonds are called phosphaalkenes (R 2 C=PR) and phosphaalkynes (RCP). (lacteoscienelac.com)

The Egyptians used unspecified chemicals to combat fleas in their homes about 3,500 years ago, and arsenic has been used as an insecticide in China for at least 2,900 years. (encyclopedia.com)
Almost all insecticides are chemicals. (encyclopedia.com)
Insecticides are an extremely diverse group of chemicals, plus additional formulations based on living microorganisms. (encyclopedia.com)

At the end of the chapter are a list of the references used in assembling this information, along with some related internet resources on the chemistry and toxicology of insecticides. (umn.edu)
The costs of developing a new insecticide and testing it for its usefulness, toxicology, and environmental effects are huge, equivalent to tens of millions of dollars. (encyclopedia.com)

There is some strong evidence that chronic exposure to these compounds may have adverse eff ects on health. (nih.gov)
There is a consensus that the illness is caused by exposure to insecticides and nerve agent toxicants. (cdc.gov)

Organophosphorus or organochlorine compounds may be used, usually in a spraying formulation. (wikidoc.org)

Signs - cholinergic crisis (excessive parasympathetic stimulation, skeletal muscle stimulation and central stimulation) varying with the compound involved and individual susceptibility. (myshopify.com)

An insecticide is a substance used by humans to gain some advantage in the struggle with various insects that are considered pests. (encyclopedia.com)
Humans have been using insecticides for thousands of years. (encyclopedia.com)
Interest in the effects of these compounds on humans has increased in recent years due to their potential use as weapons of mass destruction. (medscape.com)

Abstract:background et objectives:Mosquito control is becoming increasingly difficult because of the developmentof resistance in vectors to conventional insecticides. (bvsalud.org)
The resistance in vectors warrants development of newer insecticides for mosquito control besides use of other counter-measures. (bvsalud.org)
To test the effi cacy of nets treated with point mutations within structural receptor genes, e.g., repellent and insecticide against susceptible and insecticide- knockdown resistance [ kdr ] mutations) ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
mosquito populations, we impregnat- spread of resistance genes will pose a serious threat to ed mosquito bed nets with an insect repellent mixed with a low dose of organophosphorous insecticide and tested them vector control programs that are based uniquely on pyre- in a rice-growing area near Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. (cdc.gov)

Being predominantly an agricultural country, OP compounds are used abundantly for farming in India. (ac.ir)

The abundance and effects of almost all insect pests can be managed through the judicious use of insecticides. (encyclopedia.com)
Biological insecticides are formulations of microbes that are pathogenic to specific pests, and consequently have a relatively narrow spectrum of activity in ecosystems. (encyclopedia.com)

Pyrethroid ( 9 , 10 ), and 2) the use of insecticide mixtures ( 10 , 11 ). (cdc.gov)

Examples of insecticides include Paris green (a mixture of copper compounds), lead arsenate, and calcium arsenate. (encyclopedia.com)

Possibility of Replacing the Conventional Insecticides with Safety Environmental Compounds for Controlling the Two Corn Borers Sesamia Cretica Led. (scialert.net)

When DZN is used for plants, the compound residues in crops enter the food chain bringing about different health problems. (iapchem.org)

The insecticidal composition contains an active ingredient A and an active ingredient B, wherein the active ingredient A may be furan tebufenozide, and the active ingredient B may be any one of the following compounds: flubendiamide and chlorantraniliprole, and a weight ratio of the active ingredient A to the active ingredient B ranges from 1:60 to 60:1. (google.com)

however, their widespread use began in Germany in the 1920s, when these compounds were first synthesized as insecticides and chemical warfare agents. (medscape.com)

A kind of Pesticidal combination that contains furans worm hydrazides and amides compound, comprise effective active component, auxiliary agent and filler, it is characterized in that: active components A, B ratio of weight and number are 1: 60～60: 1, described active components A is selected from furans worm hydrazides, and active component B is selected from a kind of in fipronil bisamide, the Rynaxypyr. (google.com)
Organophosphorous compounds (OPCs) is a large group of chemical substances that represent esters, amides or thiol derivatives of phosphorous, alkyl phosphorous, thiophosphoric and thiophosphonic acids. (kiev.ua)
Organophosphorus An efficient SuzukiMiyaura crosscoupling reaction of orthophenoxysubstituted aromatic amides with aryl boronates is described.The use of LiO t Bu is crucial for the success of the reaction. (lacteoscienelac.com)

The electro-chemical method for recognizing the compound in real samples is preferable to other analytical methods. (iapchem.org)

The first patient was a 26-year-old male farmer, brought to the emergency room 3 hours after intentional ingestion of 100 mL of monocrotophos (organophosphorus compound). (hindawi.com)

During the 1990s, more than 300 insecticides were available, in hundreds of different formulations and commercial products (which may involve similar formulations manufactured by different companies). (encyclopedia.com)

Typical adverse reactions to organophosphorus compounds are rare. (imedi.co.uk)

Binding to the esteratic site on the enzyme is stable and depending on the compound involved, it can last for hours or weeks (1). (ac.ir)

More commonly, ecological damage may be caused by the use of insecticides, sometimes resulting in the deaths of large numbers of wildlife. (encyclopedia.com)

Sufficient background information on the affected physiological processes will also be given so that the actions of insecticides on these processes can be clearly understood. (umn.edu)

Cadusafos is a largely obsolete insecticide that can result in health complications when inhaled or swallowed, or if direct contact happens. (naturalpedia.com)

WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Preven- compounds. (cdc.gov)

No attempt is made to include all the important compounds within a group, and no endorsement of, or discrimination against, any compound is either stated or implied by its inclusion or omission in this chapter. (umn.edu)

According to PesticideInfo.org , cadusafos can be highly dangerous due to it being an organophosphorus compound. (naturalpedia.com)

Carbon-13 NMR of some organophosphorus compounds. (lacteoscienelac.com)

However, if an insecticide effective against an important pest is discovered, the profits are also potentially huge. (encyclopedia.com)

Emphasis is placed on compounds registered for use, but older materials are sometimes shown for historical perspective and to illustrate important principles. (umn.edu)
However, the benefits of insecticide use are partly offset by important damages that may result. (encyclopedia.com)
The most important groups of insecticides are described below. (encyclopedia.com)

Anatomy2

Organisms14

Diseases6

Chemicals and Drugs85

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes12

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Information Science1

Health Care15

Geographicals4

Pesticides13

Carbamate insecticides2

Herbicides3

Poisoning11

Pesticide3

Chlorpyrifos3

Malathion4

Carbamates2

Pyrethroid insecticides1

TOXICITY4

Acetylcholinesterase5

Diazinon1

Sarin2

Widely1

Acaricides1

Pyrethroids1

Exposures4

Biomarkers1

Toxic3

Accidental1

Organic7

Phosphorus2

Chemicals3

Toxicology2

Exposure2

Organochlorine1

Susceptibility1

Humans3

Resistance4

Agricultural1

Pests2

Mixtures1

Mixture1

Conventional1

Residues1

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Chemical warfare agents1

Amides3

Analytical1

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Formulations1

Adverse1

Enzyme1

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Largely1

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Effective1

Important3