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Inositol PhosphatesInositolSugar PhosphatesPhosphatesInositol 1,4,5-TrisphosphatePhosphatidylinositolsInositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate ReceptorsType C PhospholipasesPhytic AcidCalciumLithiumKineticsCalcium PhosphatesPhosphoric Monoester HydrolasesCarbacholHydrolysisPhosphatidylinositol PhosphatesPhosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)Glucose-6-PhosphateGlyceraldehyde-3-Phosphate DehydrogenasesSodium FluorideSecond Messenger SystemsVirulence Factors, BordetellaPertussis ToxinPhosphotransferases (Phosphate Group Acceptor)Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-DiphosphateChromatography, High Pressure LiquidAluminum CompoundsGTP-Binding ProteinsCyclic AMPDiglyceridesAluminumSignal TransductionReceptors, MuscarinicCells, CulturedMolecular Sequence DataGuanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)Cell LineThionucleotidesAmino Acid SequenceEnzyme ActivationBombesinAdenosine TriphosphateCalcium ChannelsCytosolProtein Kinase CPhosphatidic AcidsBradykininInosine TriphosphateGlyceraldehyde 3-PhosphateNeomycinLithium ChloridePhosphoinositide Phospholipase CPhosphoric Diester HydrolasesPhosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-LyaseSphingosinePentose Phosphate PathwayPhosphorylationReceptors, Cytoplasmic and NuclearRats, Inbred StrainsTetradecanoylphorbol AcetatePhosphotransferasesCell MembraneGlucosephosphate DehydrogenaseDose-Response Relationship, DrugMyo-Inositol-1-Phosphate SynthaseCOS CellsUridine TriphosphateIsomerismReceptors, Histamine H1Dihydroxyacetone PhosphateLysophospholipidsRadioligand AssayPhosphate Transport ProteinsFura-2FluorinePyrilaminePhospholipase C deltaStimulation, ChemicalFluoridesPyridoxal PhosphateGlucosephosphatesCricetinaeTritiumHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationVasopressinsBinding SitesHistamineGlucose-6-Phosphate IsomeraseCalcium SignalingReceptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1GlyceridesIonomycinTransfectionSubstrate SpecificityReceptors, AngiotensinGuanosine TriphosphateThyrotropin-Releasing HormoneIsoenzymesCell Membrane Permeability
AccumulationSignaling pathwayMetabolismEstersMonophosphateHexakisphosphateKinasePentakisphosphateReceptorsPhosphatidylinositolTriphosphatePentaAnaloguesIntestinalSolubleHexaphosphateAnion exchangeSynthesisChromatographyRatsPhytic acidPhosphorylationInducesCarbohydrateSubstancesCalciumGeneRegulationPathwaysLiClUrineSodiumRiceKidneyHumanGroupPositionPrimaryFoundNaturalDomainBasic
Accumulation8
  • Accumulation of [3H]inositol bisphosphate was rapid, peaking after 30 sec of treatment. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Accumulation of [3H]inositol monophosphate was also rapid in the presence of LiCl. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In rat hippocampal slices, carbachol and norepinephrine induce an accumulation of [ 3 H]-inositol-1-phosphate which is markedly amplified in the presence of lithium. (wustl.edu)
  • The tumor-promoting agents phorbol 12, 13-dibutyrate (PDB) and 4β phorbol, 12β-myristate, 13 α-acetate (PMA) have no effect on [ 3 H] inositol-1-phophate accumulation alone, but when preincubated with hippocampal slices significantly inhibit the accumulation of [ 3 H]-inositol-1-phosphate induced by carbachol and norepinephrine. (wustl.edu)
  • Has no significant effect on inositol phosphate accumulation. (fishersci.com)
  • The effect of valproate (VPA) treatment on inositol phosphates (IPs) accumulation in non-stimulated and GnRH-treated female rat anterior pituitary cells in vitro. (nel.edu)
  • Wasilewska-Dziubinska E, Gajewska A, Herman A, Wolinska-Witort E, Skrzypska J, Martynska L, Kalisz M, Chmielowska M. The effect of valproate (VPA) treatment on inositol phosphates (IPs) accumulation in non-stimulated and GnRH-treated female rat anterior pituitary cells in vitro. (nel.edu)
  • An examination was also undertaken of the muscarinic receptor function in rat and rabbit brain by measuring the accumulation of inositol phosphates in cerebral cortex slices following stimulation by the cholinergic agonist carbachol. (cdc.gov)
Signaling pathway1
  • The inositol-phospholipid signaling pathway is responsible for the generation of IP3 through the cleavage of Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) found in the lipid bi-layer of the plasma membrane via G proteins (Gq) and phospholipase C-β. (wikipedia.org)
Metabolism1
  • Under the scenario of a defective cellular energy metabolism, any process that results in a decrease in the level of ATP impairs the performance of secondary active transport mechanisms, such as those of glucose, phosphate, or amino acids. (medscape.com)
Esters2
  • Low temperatures and bulky alcohols gave higher selectivity for myo-inositol 1-phosphate alkyl esters. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Phytases are a subgroup of phosphatases which catalyze a stepwise dephosphorylation of phytate to lower phosphoric esters of myo-inositol, releasing soluble inorganic phosphate and nonchelated minerals which becomes available for human intestinal absorption (Konietzny and Greiner, 2002). (academicjournals.org)
Monophosphate1
Hexakisphosphate6
  • In the current study, we identified a protein kinase activity in rat liver supernatant that is up-regulated by inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4) and inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6). (ox.ac.uk)
  • This protein is likely responsible for the conversion of inositol hexakisphosphate (InsP6) to diphosphoinositol pentakisphosphate (InsP7/PP-InsP5). (nih.gov)
  • Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2 promotes cell death of anterior horn cells in the spinal cord of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. (nih.gov)
  • Casein kinase-2 mediates cell survival through phosphorylation and degradation of inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-2. (nih.gov)
  • Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase-2, a physiologic mediator of cell death. (nih.gov)
  • Inositol hexakisphosphate kinase 2 sensitizes ovarian carcinoma cells to multiple cancer therapeutics. (nih.gov)
Kinase5
  • Regulation of casein kinase-2 (CK2) activity by inositol phosphates. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The substrate for the inositol phosphate-regulated protein kinase was identified as a phosphatidylcholine transfer protein-like protein. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Using the phosphorylation of this substrate in an assay, we purified the inositol phosphate-regulated protein kinase and determined it to be CK2. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Phosphatidylinositol can be phosphorylated by a number of different kinases that place the phosphate moiety on positions 4 and 5 of the inositol ring, although position 3 can also be phosphorylated by a specific kinase. (hmdb.ca)
  • Recently, we reported that functional wheat inositol penta kis phosphate kinase ( TaIPK1 ) is involved in PA biosynthesis, however, the functional roles of the IPK1 gene in wheat remains elusive. (frontiersin.org)
Pentakisphosphate2
  • In addition, we identify a third critical component of the jasmonate co-receptor complex, inositol pentakisphosphate, which interacts with both COI1 and JAZ adjacent to the ligand. (nature.com)
  • Identification of an inositol pentakisphosphate cofactor in COI1. (nature.com)
Receptors1
Phosphatidylinositol3
  • Pleckstrin homology (PH) domains are common membrane-targeting modules and their best characterized ligands are a set of important signaling lipids that include phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PtdInsPs). (rcsb.org)
  • The inositol group that is part of every phosphatidylinositol lipid is covalently linked to the phosphate group that acts as a bridge to the lipid tail. (hmdb.ca)
  • Seven different isomers are known, but the most important in both quantitative and biological terms are phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate. (hmdb.ca)
Triphosphate2
  • Soluble IP3 is able to rapidly diffuse into the cytosol and bind to the inositol triphosphate receptor (InsP3Rs) located in the endoplasmic reticulum. (wikipedia.org)
  • Formation of [3H]inositol triphosphate ([3H]IP3) was rapid, with a peak of 250-300% of the control level, after 5-15 sec of exposure to LTB4. (aspetjournals.org)
Penta1
  • Further reading: Function of calcium in humans Inositol tetra-, penta-, and hexa-phosphates have been implicated in gene expression. (wikipedia.org)
Analogues2
  • Hamblin, MR , Potter, BVL & Gigg, R 1987, Synthesis of myo -inositol phosphates and analogues using a phosphite chemistry approach . (bath.ac.uk)
  • Phosphate-substituted analogues of myo-inositol 1-phosphate and 2-phosphate were synthesized by a novel method via a five-membered cyclic phosphate triester intermediate, which was cleaved regioselectively by various alcohols. (elsevierpure.com)
Intestinal1
  • No defect is apparent in intestinal reabsorption of phosphate in Fanconi syndrome. (medscape.com)
Soluble2
  • Inositol phosphates can either be soluble or insoluble depending on their chemical structure. (wikipedia.org)
  • Soluble inositol phosphates such as IP3 (Ins(1,4,5)P3) are able to dissolve in the cytoplasm of cells contributing to its crucial role as a secondary messenger in signal transduction pathways. (wikipedia.org)
Hexaphosphate3
  • Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) is the most abundant inositol phosphate isomer found. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inositol hexaphosphate also facilitates the formation of the six-helix bundle and assembly of the immature HIV-1 Gag lattice. (wikipedia.org)
  • 2002). The generally accepted explanation for this situation is that legume-cereal based meals are rich in phytate (myo-inositol hexaphosphate), an antinutrient whose phosphate groups strongly chelates divalent metal ions of iron, zinc, and calcium making them unavailable for absorption by the human body (Hurrell et al. (academicjournals.org)
Anion exchange1
  • High-performance chromatografic separation of inositol phosphate isomers on strong anion exchange columns. (chalmers.se)
Synthesis1
  • The synthesis of PI involves CDP-activated 1,2-diacylglycerol condensation with myo-inositol. (hmdb.ca)
Chromatography1
  • to separate inositol phosphates (IPs) from myo-[3 H ]inositol by Dowex chromatography. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Rats1
  • The effects of pertussis toxin on endothelin-1 and noradrenaline coupling to inositol phosphate (IP) formation was investigated in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells from 14 week SHR and WKY rats. (strath.ac.uk)
Phytic acid1
  • Phytic acid ( myo -inositol hexa kis phosphate, PA, IP 6 ) is one of the major anti-nutritional component in grains of wheat, rice, soybean, and other crops, that limit the bioavailability of micronutrients. (frontiersin.org)
Phosphorylation2
  • A series of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation reactions are carried out by at least 19 phosphoinositide kinases and 28 phosphoinositide phosphatase enzymes allowing for the inter-conversion between the inositol phosphate compounds based on cellular demand. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ability of the higher inositol phosphates to directly stimulate CK2 catalytic activity provides the first evidence that these signaling molecules can operate via a direct control of protein phosphorylation. (ox.ac.uk)
Induces1
  • Leukotriene B4 induces formation of inositol phosphates in rat peritoneal polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (aspetjournals.org)
Carbohydrate1
  • Inositol is a naturally occurring carbohydrate that is effective in reducing anxiety, depression, obsessions, and compulsions. (wholisticresearch.com)
Substances1
  • The diagnosis of Fanconi syndrome is made based on tests that document the excessive loss of substances in the urine (eg, amino acids, glucose, phosphate, bicarbonate) in the absence of high plasma concentrations. (medscape.com)
Calcium3
  • It was concluded that SHR cells do not appear to have an alteration in endothelin-1 activated, pertussis toxin sensitive G-protein coupling to IP formation or in the dependence of inositol phosphate formation on extracellular calcium. (strath.ac.uk)
  • Platelet-activating factor (PAF) stimulates human B cells, resulting in elevation of intracellular calcium and the release of inositol phosphates. (jci.org)
  • Rickets in children or osteomalacia in adults is the result of the excessive urinary losses of calcium and phosphate and of a defect in the hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 into 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. (medscape.com)
Gene1
  • This gene encodes a protein that belongs to the inositol phosphokinase (IPK) family. (nih.gov)
Regulation1
  • We concluded that, contrary to the previously held view, CK2 can exist in a state of low constitutive activity allowing for its regulation by inositol phosphates. (ox.ac.uk)
Pathways1
LiCl1
  • In the second experiment cells were preincubated for 24h with 1μCi myo-[23 H]-inositol, then for 30 min with 10 mM LiCl and finally for 3hr with GnRH (100 nM) VPA (1 μM, 10 μM), GnRH (100 nM) + VPA (1 μM, 10 μM). (nel.edu)
Urine1
  • Subsequently, a new steady state is reached whereby the amount of phosphate present in the urine closely matches the intake. (medscape.com)
Sodium1
  • Addition of sodium sulfite to the reaction mixture yielded predominantly the 2-phosphate diester. (elsevierpure.com)
Rice1
  • Inositol-6 phosphate (IP6) is enriched in rice bran and possesses many beneficial effects. (um.edu.my)
Kidney1
  • In people who need hemodialysis due to kidney failure and have high levels of phosphate, taking niacinamide by mouth seems to help decrease phosphate levels. (medlineplus.gov)
Human1
  • In addition, DDAVP dose-dependently stimulated inositol turnover in human V1b receptor-expressing COS-1 cells. (nih.gov)
Group4
  • Inositol phosphates are a group of mono- to hexaphosphorylated inositols. (wikipedia.org)
  • Each form of inositol phosphate is distinguished by the number and position of the phosphate group on the inositol ring. (wikipedia.org)
  • An inositol having myo - configuration substituted at position 1 by a phosphate group. (ebi.ac.uk)
  • Phosphatidylinositols are acidic (anionic) phospholipids that consist of a phosphatidic acid backbone, linked via the phosphate group to inositol (hexahydroxycyclohexane). (hmdb.ca)
Position1
  • In most organisms, the stereochemical form of this inositol is myo-D-inositol (with one axial hydroxyl in position 2 with the remainder equatorial), although other forms can be found in certain plant phosphatidylinositols. (hmdb.ca)
Primary1
  • compared the change of root system architecture of Arabidopsis in homogeneous, heterogeneous provision of nitrate and phosphate, founded that the primary root length was decreased with increasing availability of nitrate, while increased with more supply of phosphate. (frontiersin.org)
Found2
  • Insoluble inositol phosphates are often referred to as phosphoinositides or PtdInsP and can be found associated with sub-cellular membranes or in nuclear subdomains. (wikipedia.org)
  • One placebo-controlled study found that Inositol significantly reduced OCD symptoms in patients who took it. (wholisticresearch.com)
Natural1
  • Overall, Inositol is a promising natural remedy for OCD, and further research is needed to determine its full potential in treating this disorder. (wholisticresearch.com)
Domain1
  • Control of plant phosphate homeostasis by inositol pyrophosphates and the SPX domain. (unil.ch)
Basic1
  • Inositol & its Phosphates: Basic Science to Practical Applications. (wikipedia.org)