In this article we review the current understanding of how limbic circuits regulate sexually dimorphic behaviors and how these circuits are established and shaped during pre- and post-natal development. (frontiersin.org)
The medial preoptic area (MPOA) is a sexually dimorphic region of the brain that regulates social behaviors. (bvsalud.org)
These findings provide strong evidence that a male-specific neural pathway from the MPOA to the VTA is organized by the two-step actions of testicular androgens for the modulation of sexually motivated behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The MPOA is a sexually dimorphic region of the brain that regulates social behaviors, although its sexual dimorphism is not fully understood. (bvsalud.org)
Rodent2
In rodent models, emotional states (e.g., fear, anxiety, and social receptivity) are generally quantified by their behaviors. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, in this review we focus primarily on chemosensation in the rodent and how it relates to innate limbic responses to social conspecific cues such as mating, maternal care, and territorial behaviors as well as non-social defensive responses to predator cues. (frontiersin.org)
Physiological changes2
At one time, academics attempted to identify the emotion with one of the components: William James with a subjective experience, behaviorists with instrumental behavior, psychophysiologists with physiological changes, and so on. (wikipedia.org)
[12] According to other theories, emotions are not causal forces but simply syndromes of components, which might include motivation, feeling, behavior, and physiological changes, but no one of these components is the emotion. (everipedia.org)
Stimuli5
The limbic system predominantly controls appropriate responses to stimuli with social, emotional, or motivational salience, which includes innate behaviors such as mating, aggression, and defense. (frontiersin.org)
These behaviors are regulated and influenced by sensory stimuli such as touch, sound, and, most importantly in rodents, smell. (frontiersin.org)
The ability to store and retrieve associations between specific sensory stimuli and behaviorally relevant information is a vital memory function: it allows the organism to adapt its behavior based on prior experience. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
Although specific odors can trigger innate responses, most odor stimuli acquire behavioral significance upon learning and experience. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
Responses2
Ethology , including the contributions of Konrad Lorenz, Nikolaas Tinbergen, Karl von Frisch, and Irenaus Eibl-Eibesfeldt, defined instincts as unlearned behaviors and responses. (ethology.eu)
By studying knockout mice that lack a particular receptor, researchers can assess that receptor's role in specific aspects of brain functioning and behavior, including responses to alcohol and alcohol consummatory behavior. (beerdelux.com)
Ethology1
It includes 775 terms taken mainly from Ethology, Experimental and Comparative Psychology, Human and Applied Ethology, Behavioral Ecology, and Neuroethology, and provides a basis for the uniform use of terms in Portuguese about animal behavior. (bvsalud.org)
Neurons3
We found that action of estradiol and progesterone on galanin (Gal)-expressing neurons in the mouse medial preoptic area (MPOA) is critical for pregnancy-induced parental behavior. (bvsalud.org)
Here, we characterized SDN neurons that contribute to sexual dimorphism and investigated the mechanisms underlying the emergence of such neurons and their roles in social behaviors. (bvsalud.org)
These MPOA neurons endow masculinized brains with a neural pathway from the MPOA to the ventral tegmental area and modulate sexually motivated behavior in males. (bvsalud.org)
Regulates1
The limbic system of the brain regulates a number of behaviors that are essential for the survival of all vertebrate species including humans. (frontiersin.org)
Reinforcement3
While a fair amount of these behaviors are enhanced through experiential learning and reinforcement, a number of these behaviors are innate or inborn, meaning that they manifest without prior learning. (frontiersin.org)
Feeding disorders are commonly treated using behavioral treatment packages that consist of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) and escape extinction. (abainternational.org)
Results are expected to replicate previous research on treatment integrity that demonstrates that errors of commission and omission can have a detrimental effect on treatment if the schedule of reinforcement favors inappropriate behavior. (abainternational.org)
Organism1
Thus, an organism seeks the behavior most likely to cause a state of no stimulation. (ethology.eu)
Maternal2
These innate behaviors include courtship, maternal care, defense (both to conspecific and predator cues) and establishment of social hierarchy, all of which ensure survival of the individual or offspring and propagation of the species. (frontiersin.org)
Olfaction is a central sensory modality in rodents as it supports an array of crucial behaviors such as predator avoidance, feeding, reproduction, maternal behavior and social interactions. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
The Research Seminar Session revealed the current tendency for explanations of behavior to be reduced to physiology, neuroscience, and genetics. (escholarship.org)
Circuits4
Activation of circuits regulating these innate behaviors begins in the periphery with sensory stimulation (primarily via the olfactory system in rodents), and is then processed in the brain by a set of delineated structures that primarily includes the amygdala and hypothalamus. (frontiersin.org)
While the basic neuroanatomy of these connections is well-established, much remains unknown about how information is processed within innate circuits and how genetic hierarchies regulate development and function of these circuits. (frontiersin.org)
In humans, abnormal development of aspects of innate behavior, most prominently circuits that regulate social behavior, appear to underlie disorders such as autism spectrum disorders and schizophrenia that are characterized by inappropriate or altered social interactions. (frontiersin.org)
Sternson, S. M. Hypothalamic survival circuits: blueprints for purposive behaviors. (nature.com)
Motivational1
This suggests a way that stimulation of the same pathway can have very different motivational effects on behavior, inducing a drive state (usually thought to be aversive) under one condition and inducing the rewarding state under another. (jneurosci.org)
Distinct2
Results indicated three distinct patterns of responding: 1) alternative behavior was never emitted during the DRA component (two participants), 2) only the alternative behavior was emitted during the DRA component (one participant), and 3) both the target and the alternative behaviors were emitted during the DRA component (one participant). (abainternational.org)
These results support an essential role of the VMHvl in both male and female aggression and reveal the existence of two previously unappreciated subdivisions in the female VMHvl that are involved in distinct social behaviors. (nature.com)
Patterns1
Lorenz, K. (1950) The comparative method in studying innate behaviour patterns. (ethology.eu)
Processes3
We also discuss how understanding developmental processes of innate circuit formation may inform behavioral alterations observed in neurodevelopmental disorders, such as autism spectrum disorders, which are characterized by limbic system dysfunction. (frontiersin.org)
The Keynote Speaker at Winter Conference on Animal Learning and Behavior (WCALB) 2014 was Dr. Björn Brembs whose address was titled, Pavlovian and Skinnerian Processes Are Genetically Separable. (escholarship.org)
Motivation is decisive in the various behaviors animals use as communication means and in learning processes. (ethology.eu)
Increases1
An animal's inability to correctly detect or process social or environmental cues results in abnormal social behaviors and increases risk of attack and/or predation. (frontiersin.org)
Survival1
The original role of emotions was to motivate adaptive behaviors that in the past would have contributed to the passing on of genes through survival, reproduction, and kin selection. (everipedia.org)
Animal3
It is a peer-reviewed open-access digital journal that publishes studies on the evolution and development of behavior in all animal species. (escholarship.org)
The brain senses a change in the animal's internal state, which leads to a build-up of drive for the animal to perform the appropriate behavior. (ethology.eu)
This English/Portuguese vocabulary of terms in animal behavior was prepared under the support of the Brazilian Ethological Society (SBEt). (bvsalud.org)
Analysis3
The distinction between structural and functional analysis points to a difficulty of integrating facts about behavior with other levels of analysis that requires our attention. (escholarship.org)
The Association for Behavior Analysis International® (ABAI) is a nonprofit membership organization with the mission to contribute to the well-being of society by developing, enhancing, and supporting the growth and vitality of the science of behavior analysis through research, education, and practice. (abainternational.org)
Although previous research has evaluated the effects of treatment integrity failures in many areas of applied behavior analysis, the effects of these failures in the area of pediatric feeding disorders remain unknown. (abainternational.org)
Specific1
Animals are born with specific, pre-programmed innate knowledge about how to survive and reproduce. (ethology.eu)
Include1
Results support the utility of restructuring meals to include less pause-inducing transitions during meals to produce orderly pause duration across transitions, reduce overall meal duration, and reduce other inappropriate mealtime behavior. (abainternational.org)
Drive1
Preliminary data by Luffman, Borrero, and Borrero (2015) demonstrated that an increase in other inappropriate behavior may coincide with pausing and that excessive pausing may drive meals to exceed clinically acceptable durations. (abainternational.org)
Fear2
Genetic architecture of fear conditioning in chromosome substitution strains: relationship to measures of innate (unlearned) anxiety-like behavior. (uchicago.edu)
Selection for contextual fear conditioning affects anxiety-like behaviors and gene expression. (uchicago.edu)
Terms1
Explaining behavior in terms of instincts proved unsustainable because we could always coin a new instinct to describe an unexplained behavior. (ethology.eu)