Inkt cell vivo nk cell. Medical search. Frequent questions

Surprisingly the induction of Th1 cell- versus Th2 cell-associated cytokines and the extent of NK cell transactivation do not correlate consistently with the potency of different αGC analogs or with the affinity with which they interact with the T?cell receptors (TCRs) of iNKT cells (Im et?al. (biotech-angels.com)
Vitamin D receptors are expressed on the principal cell populations involved in the innate and adaptive immune responses. (springer.com)
Moreover, TGF- antagonizes the up-regulation of NK cell activating receptors induced by IL-15, as demonstrated in an in vitro study analyzing NKG2D/DAP10, DNAM-1, and NKp30 manifestation. (abic2004.org)
NK cells are activated by a variety of activating and inhibitory receptors. (basisindependent.com)
NK cells don't have T cell receptors so they have a lower likelihood of causing graft v. host disease. (basisindependent.com)
Receptors nuclears en el sistema immunitari. (ub.edu)
Histamine and its receptors represent a complex system of immunoregulation with distinct effects mediated by four GPCRs (G protein-coupled receptors HRs 1-4) and their differential expression, which changes according to the stage of cell differentiation and microenvironmental influences. (hindawi.com)
The researchers hypothesized that when PD-1 is blocked, other inhibitory receptors compensate and alter T cell signaling, therefore limiting response to PD-1 blockade. (acir.org)

In conclusion, this work finds that, in late-stage tumors, the tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte population of CD4+ cells harbored a sustained, hyper-maturated Th1 status with cytotoxic function supported by IL-12. (bvsalud.org)
Also, the nanoadjuvant combined with ovalbumin antigen led to a potent cytotoxic T-cell response, substantially inhibited tumor growth, and improved the survival rate of mice in a melanoma model. (bvsalud.org)
For the last year, mice will be immunized and the activities of cytotoxic T cells and NK cells will be illustrated. (tmu.edu.tw)
In this study, the IL-15-induced manifestation of multiple components of the NK cell cytotoxic machinery, including granzyme B, perforin, and cathepsin C was also affected [32]. (abic2004.org)
Natural Killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic (cell-killing) white blood cells that are already programmed to kill cancer cells in a nonspecific manner. (basisindependent.com)
Activated γδ T cells exhibit strong cytotoxic activity and cytokine secretion functions and are effective antitumor lymphocytes with simple and direct recognition modes and rapid responses. (explorationpub.com)
The adoptive transfer and cytotoxic assay against principal cultured hepatocytes verified the function of Compact disc11b+ Kupffer cells in CCl4-induced hepatitis. (enmd-2076.com)

Alternatively, the adjuvant activity of CD1d-restricted invariant NKT cells (iNKT) on the innate and adaptive immunity is well demonstrated, and several CD1d glycolipid ligands are under pre-clinical and clinical evaluation. (biomedcentral.com)
Dr. Cerundolo demonstrated how the length and saturation of lipid antigens contained within the CD1d binding site modulate their affinity of binding to invariant NKT cells (iNKT cells), hence explaining how lipid-specific lymphocytes are capable of recognizing both the group head and the length of lipid antigens, ensuring greater specificity of antigen recognition. (aacrjournals.org)

Many hematopoietic cell types express CD1d and so are with the capacity of presenting glycolipid antigens to invariant natural killer T?cells (iNKT cells). (biotech-angels.com)
Graphical Abstract Introduction Natural killer T?cells with invariant T?cell receptor α chains (iNKT cells) are a conserved population that recognizes KM 11060 glycolipid antigens bound to CD1d a lipid antigen-presenting molecule with structural similarities to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I proteins (Brennan et?al. (biotech-angels.com)
2011 A unifying feature of αGC analogs that induce predominantly Th2 cell-associated cytokines is that they are more polar than KRN7000 and can load directly onto CD1d molecules on the cell surface (Im et?al. (biotech-angels.com)
2011 In contrast glycolipids that induce responses that are biased toward Th1 cell cytokines are more hydrophobic and require intracellular loading onto CD1d for presentation (Arora et?al. (biotech-angels.com)
2009 Because most cells of hematopoietic origin express CD1d (Brossay et?al. (biotech-angels.com)
2012 However other studies yielded different conclusions identifying pharmacokinetic properties of the glycolipids or localization of CD1d molecules containing bound glycolipids to different membrane microdomains as major determinants of cytokine skewing in the response to iNKT cell activation (Im et?al. (biotech-angels.com)
By visualizing glycolipid antigen presentation directly with monoclonal antibodies specific for complexes of αGC bound to CD1d we showed that the CD8α+DEC-205+ subset of dendritic cells was the major APC in the spleen for a range of αGC analogs irrespective of their chemical structures and cytokine biasing activities. (biotech-angels.com)
Activation and tumor targeting of iNKT cells via recombinant α-galactosylceramide (αGC)-loaded CD1d-anti-HER2 fusion protein (CD1d-antitumor) is combined or not with OVA peptide/CpG vaccine. (biomedcentral.com)
The combined CD1d/iNKT antitumor therapy and CpG/peptide-based immunization leads to optimized expansion of NK and OVA-specific CD8 T cells (CTLs), likely resulting from the maturation of highly pro-inflammatory DCs as seen by a synergistic increase in serum IL-12. (biomedcentral.com)
Altogether, our study in mice demonstrates that αGC/CD1d-antitumor fusion protein greatly increases the efficacy of a therapeutic CpG-based cancer vaccine, first as an adjuvant during T cell priming and second, as a therapeutic agent to redirect immune responses to the tumor site. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition to TLR ligands, CD1d-restricted invariant NKT (iNKT) cells have been shown to efficiently promote the transactivation of DCs through the CD40L-CD40 interaction upon recognition of the CD1d-glycolipid antigen complex by their semi-invariant TCR. (biomedcentral.com)
Alpha-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer) is a glycolipid that can be loaded into MHC-class-I-related CD1d molecules by dendritic cells and has been shown to stimulate invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. (tmu.edu.tw)
iNKT cells have been traditionally defined by the expression of an invariant TCR α-chain (Vα14-Jα18 in mice or Vα24-Jα18 in humans) and their capacity to recognise the glycolipid antigen α-galactosylceramide (αGalCer) presented on CD1d. (elifesciences.org)
iNKT cells can recognize endogenous lipids presented by CD1d molecules on tumor cells and release Perforin and Granzyme B to lyse tumor cells directly. (aacrjournals.org)
In the absence of CD1d expression on tumor cells, iNKT cells may become activated in response to CD1d-expressing or Toll-like receptor (TLR)-activated antigen-presenting cells (APC). (aacrjournals.org)
His seminal findings on the processing and presentation of peptide and lipid antigens made fundamental advances to the field of antigen presentation to MHC class I-restricted T cells and CD1d-restricted iNKT cells. (aacrjournals.org)

2008 Multiple studies show that this transactivation is influenced by the precise structure of glycolipid antigens which has enabled manipulation of immune responses with structural analogs of αGC (Venkataswamy and Porcelli 2010 For example derivatives of αGC containing truncated or unsaturated N-acyl chains induce responses in which cytokines typically associated with T helper-2 (Th2) cells predominate KM 11060 and transactivation of NK cells is limited (Yu et?al. (biotech-angels.com)
2005 On the other hand replacing the O-glycosidic linkage of αGC with a nonhydrolyzable carbon linker gives a C-glycoside variant that induces cytokine responses biased toward cytokines characteristic of T helper 1 (Th1) cells along with enhanced transactivation of NK cells and their secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) (Schmieg et?al. (biotech-angels.com)
We found that, even at a late stage of tumor growth, the tumor-infiltrating CD4+Foxp3- T cells still expressed effector molecules, inflammatory cytokines and molecules that are expressed at reduced levels in exhausted cells. (bvsalud.org)
We used microarrays to examine the gene-expression profiles of different subsets of CD4+ T cells and revealed that the tumor-infiltrating CD4+Foxp3- T cells expressed not only type 1 helper (Th1) cytokines, but also cytolytic granules such as those encoded by Gzmb and Prf1. (bvsalud.org)
However, the limitations were found in clinical application that (1) iNKT cells failed to produce cytokines and proliferate when additional doses of α-GalCer were given by systemic route and (2) poor hydrophilicity of α-GalCer. (tmu.edu.tw)
Additionally, NK cells release different cytokines compared to T cells. (basisindependent.com)
During the process of airway inflammation, complex interactions of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as structural cells and their cytokines have many important roles. (cdc.gov)
T helper (Th) 2 cells, which recruit and accumulate in the lungs and produce a range of different effector cytokines. (cdc.gov)
However, more recent studies have revealed the potential collaboration of other helper T cells and their cytokines in this process. (cdc.gov)
The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about the possible roles of newly identified helper T cells derived cytokines (IL-9, 17, 22, 25 and IL-33) in asthma. (cdc.gov)
In this review, we discuss the dualistic effects of histamine: how histamine affects inflammation of the immune system through the activation of intracellular pathways that induce the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in different immune cells and how histamine exerts regulatory functions in innate and adaptive immune responses. (hindawi.com)
This suggests that unique tissue-specific factors (including local lipid antigens, cytokines and/or hormones) may shape the population of iNKT cells resident in those tissues, ultimately regulating local immune responses. (elifesciences.org)
As a result, these liver organ immune system cells, including B cells and their cytokines, mainly become innate immune effectors against tumors and infections simply by their T helper-1 immune response in the liver organ. (enmd-2076.com)

Sphingolipid-targeting drugs have been tested alone or in combination with chemotherapy, exhibiting antitumor activity alone and in synergism with chemotherapy in vitro and in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
For instance, a peptide/CpG-based cancer vaccine has been evaluated in several clinical trials and was shown in pre-clinical studies to favor the expansion of effector T versus Tregs cells, resulting in a potent antitumor activity, as compared to other TLR ligands. (biomedcentral.com)
The resulting antitumor therapy is tested against established tumor grafts of B16 melanoma cells expressing human HER2 and ovalbumin. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, other cells at the interface of the innate and the adaptive immune system (e.g cytokine-induced killer cells (CIK) or invariant natural killer T-cells (iNKT)) are important mediators in antitumor-, autoimmune-, and antimicrobial responses and tumor surveillance. (nature.com)
He showed the proteasome-dependent processing of defined melanoma antigenic proteins into epitopes for antitumor T cells and thus the direct role of immunoproteasomes in cross-presentation of exogenous proteins. (aacrjournals.org)

2005 This possibility was supported by a recent study using lineage-specific conditional deletion of gene expression which identified presentation by different types of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) as a major factor underlying the cytokine biasing properties of different αGC variants (Bai et?al. (biotech-angels.com)
2005) Additionally, another report concludes that alloreactive donor NK cells reduce the risk of GVHD by destroying antigen presenting cells, which are thought to be responsible for GVHD. (basisindependent.com)

We used an ex vivo killing assay and proved that they could directly suppress CT26 tumor cells through granzyme B and perforin. (bvsalud.org)
Rules of NK Cell Inhibitory Signals by TGF- An efficient strategy to suppress NK cells is definitely to shift the balance of signals governing their activity for the inhibition. (abic2004.org)
when they recognize self-MHC class I molecules with other signals, they can suppress NK cell cytotoxicity. (basisindependent.com)

PD-L1) and additional inhibitory ligands on malignancy cells significantly contribute to TGF-mediated suppression of NK cell activity. (abic2004.org)
In fact, it inhibits the manifestation of the ligands on one part, while on the additional, it potentiates receptor down-regulation on numerous effector cells, particularly NK cells. (abic2004.org)

Sphingolipids are an extensive class of lipids with different functions in the cell, ranging from proliferation to cell death. (frontiersin.org)
Using a custom-made microfluidics device for T-cell labeling by mechanoporation, we achieved significant nanoparticle uptake in the CAR T cells, while preserving T-cell proliferation, viability, and function. (bvsalud.org)
This active form of vitamin D can inhibit immune cell proliferation, promote an anti-inflammatory cytokine profile, expand regulatory T cells, enhance glucocorticoid actions, increase glutathione production, and inhibit hepatic stellate cells. (springer.com)
Vitamin D inhibits proliferation and profibrotic marker expression in hepatic stellate cells and decreases thioacetamide-induced liver fibrosis in rats. (springer.com)
Measured in a cell proliferation assay using PHA-activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL). (bio-techne.com)
In addition, expression of M2 in primary murine B cells leads to secretion of high levels of IL-10 along with enhanced proliferation and survival. (prelekara.sk)
Consistent with this, iNKT cells from different organs show distinct basal activation, proliferation and clonal expansion. (elifesciences.org)

Combination of Adar1 loss and anti-PD-1 synergized to eliminate tumors and prolong survival in mice, and Adar1 deletion resensitized treatment-resistant tumors to immunotherapy, even in the case when tumor cells could not be recognized by CD8 + T cells due to B2m loss. (acir.org)
After treatment, tumor-specific T cells from mice treated with neoadjuvant immunotherapy had an increased expression of granzyme B, TNFα, and IFNγ. (acir.org)

In contrast to CD4+ regulatory T cells, these cells exclusively co-expressed natural killer receptor markers and cytolytic molecules as shown by flow-cytometry studies. (bvsalud.org)
The innate immune system includes macrophages, dendritic cells (DC), and natural killer (NK) cells, which respond quickly to an immunological threat. (nature.com)
What are Natural Killer (NK) cells? (basisindependent.com)
Tissue homeostasis is critically dependent on the function of tissue-resident lymphocytes, including lipid-reactive invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. (elifesciences.org)
Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are a unique population of T lymphocytes that lies at the interface between the innate and adaptive immune systems, and they are important mediators of immune responses and tumor surveillance. (aacrjournals.org)

However, the use of an IL-15 superagonist/IL-15 receptor alpha fusion complex (IL-15SA/IL-15RA) capable of activating the IL-15 receptor Rabbit Polyclonal to 4E-BP1 on NK and CD8+ T cells, was shown to be able to partially save the TGF-induced suppression of NK cell cytotoxicity, by interrupting Smad2/3-activity [53]. (abic2004.org)
Interestingly, exogenous IL-15 can prevent both microvesicle-induced downregulation of NKG2D and impairment of Inolitazone dihydrochloride NK cell cytotoxicity by interfering with SMAD protein activation. (abic2004.org)

In summary, tumor-derived TGF- seriously affects the NKG2D-dependent anti-tumor immune response, by acting on both tumor and effector cells. (abic2004.org)
γδ T cells recruited into the tumor microenvironment can act as effector cells to mediate cancer immune surveillance. (explorationpub.com)

This occurs both through KM 11060 direct stimulation of iNKT cell functions and by transactivation of other effectors most notably NK cells and dendritic cells (Brennan et?al. (biotech-angels.com)

Interaction of CD8α+ dendritic cells (DCs) with iNKT cells during presentation of Th1 cell-biasing versus Th2 cell-biasing glycolipid antigens led to markedly different changes in expression of costimulatory and coinhibitory molecules on these. (biotech-angels.com)
Circulating and intratumoral NK and H-2Kb/OVA-specific CD8 responses are monitored, as well as the state of activation of dendritic cells (DC) with regard to activation markers and IL-12 secretion. (biomedcentral.com)
Macrophages and dendritic cells can produce 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D within the microenvironment. (springer.com)
The maturation and cytokine production of dendritic cells will also be investigated after cultured with α-GalCer-incorporated liposomes in vitro. (tmu.edu.tw)

iNKT cells have emerged as important contributors to the regulation of immune responses, T cell activation, and anti-tumor activity. (tmu.edu.tw)
Finally, we will discuss how the development of therapeutic methods obstructing TGF- may reverse the suppression of sponsor immune monitoring and improve anti-tumor NK cell response in the medical center. (abic2004.org)

2010 In the current study we reassessed the presentation of various forms DUSP2 of αGC in?vivo to identify the predominant APCs involved in presentation of diverse glycolipid antigens. (biotech-angels.com)
The bidirectional activation of iNKT cells and APCs promotes the activation of NK-cell and tumor-specific T-cell responses, thereby mediating tumor-cell killing indirectly. (aacrjournals.org)

IL-7 is produced by a wide variety of cells in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues, including stromal epithelial cells of the thymus, bone marrow, and intestines (1, 2, 5). (bio-techne.com)
By analysing iNKT cells from lymphoid tissues of mice and humans we demonstrate that their T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is highly diverse and is distinct for cells from various tissues resulting in differential lipid-antigen recognition. (elifesciences.org)

Therapeutic cancer vaccines aim to boost the natural immunity against transformed cancer cells, and a series of adjuvants and co-stimulatory molecules have been proposed to enhance the immune response against weak self-antigens expressed on cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
however the expression of inhibitory molecules (PD-L1, VISTA) increased on the newly infiltrating T cells, suggesting the need for targeting multiple pathways in prostate cancer. (acir.org)

How can scientists ensure that NK cells proliferate in the body? (basisindependent.com)

MDSCs and M2 macrophages) and increased the population of CD8 + T cells and monocytes within the tumor microenvironment (TME). (acir.org)
In today's study, we looked into the immunological function of Kupffer cells/macrophages in CCl4-induced hepatitis in mice. (enmd-2076.com)
The populace of Compact disc11b+ Kupffer cells/macrophages significantly elevated 24 hour (h) after CCl4 administration, in c-lipo-pretreated mice especially. (enmd-2076.com)
Oddly enough, the serum MCP-1 Metoclopramide HCl level elevated and peaked at six h after c-lipo pretreatment quickly, suggesting which the MCP-1 made by c-lipo-phagocytized Compact disc68+ Kupffer cells Metoclopramide HCl may recruit Compact disc11b+ macrophages in the periphery and bone tissue marrow. (enmd-2076.com)

Within peripheral tissues iNKT cell recent thymic emigrants exhibit a different TCR repertoire than mature cells, suggesting that the iNKT population is shaped after arrival to the periphery. (elifesciences.org)
and (iii) the dramatic reductions to lymphocyte numbers and function 1-2 h after exercise reflects a transient and time-dependent redistribution of immune cells to peripheral tissues, resulting in a heightened state of immune surveillance and immune regulation, as opposed to immune suppression. (frontiersin.org)

We have recently shown that the vaccine formulation, and in particular the presence of the Toll-like Receptor (TLR) agonist CpG, can significantly promote the maturation of pro-inflammatory DCs, which favors Type I T cell responses while restricting the expansion of Tregs [ 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

In general, we advise purchasing the recombinant protein with BSA for use in cell or tissue culture, or as an ELISA standard. (bio-techne.com)

Thus, α-GalCer-incorporated liposome is capable of improving the delivery of antigen to antigen-presenting-cell and inducing effective immune responses via various routes. (tmu.edu.tw)
His demonstration that iNKT cells enhance both antigen-specific antibody and T-cell responses has had a major influence on the development of new vaccines and has opened up new therapeutic strategies to enhance immune responses against cancer and infectious pathogens. (aacrjournals.org)

Finally, we used pathway analysis and ex vivo stimulation to confirm that the CD4+Foxp3- T cells expressed higher levels of IL12rb1 genes and were activated by the IL-12/IL-27 pathway. (bvsalud.org)

In this project, we will investigate preparation of α-GalCer-incorporated liposomes, in vitro and in vivo mechanisms, and the application in cancer vaccine therapy of α-GalCer-incorporated liposomes. (tmu.edu.tw)
First, γδ T cells exposed to complicated cytokine networks are potentially affected by multiple inhibitory mechanisms. (explorationpub.com)

2003 Several models have been put forth to explain how variations in the structure of glycolipid antigens lead to different outcomes of iNKT cell activation. (biotech-angels.com)
1997 it has been proposed that selective presentation by different cell types could account for variation in functional outcomes with different glycolipid antigens (Bezbradica et?al. (biotech-angels.com)
Taking advantage of the diverse γδ TCR repertoire or other ligand-receptor interactions, γδ T cells can recognize a broad spectrum of tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) in a major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-independent manner, thereby activating downstream pleiotropic effects. (explorationpub.com)

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a potent strategy for eliminating tumors by harnessing the immune system. (bvsalud.org)

However, clinical trials with CAR T cells in solid tumors have encountered significant challenges and have not yet demonstrated convincing evidence of efficacy for a large number of patients. (bvsalud.org)
CXCL8) is produced by many solid tumors, where it attracts myeloid cells and potentiates the survival of tumor cells. (acir.org)
Many people believe that one quality solid tumors share is a reliance on cancer stem cells. (ca.gov)
Stem cell scientists are studying cancer stem cells from solid tumors in the lab to find ways of destroying them. (ca.gov)

Loss of Adar1 reduced inhibitory cell populations (e.g. (acir.org)

Since iNKT cell activation can prevent or promote immunopathology in diverse disease contexts, the strict control of peripheral iNKT cell homeostasis is vital to regulate local immunity. (elifesciences.org)
Beyond the common features shared by all iNKT cells (including their CD1-restriction and innate-like properties), cells found in discrete tissues have distinct phenotypes and functions that critically modulate the outcome of immunity ( Crosby and Kronenberg, 2018 ). (elifesciences.org)

One study demonstrates that 5 out of 19 patients with AML achieved complete remission (CR) with haploidentical NK cells, while the prognosis was significantly better when KIR-ligand mismatched donor cells were used. (basisindependent.com)
The immunohistochemical evaluation from the liver organ and the stream cytometry from the liver organ mononuclear cells demonstrated that clodronate liposome (c-lipo) treatment significantly reduced the spindle-shaped F4/80+ or Compact disc68+ cells, as the oval-shaped F4/80+ Compact disc11b+ cells elevated. (enmd-2076.com)
If these cancer stem cells share characteristics that allow them to be destroyed by the same drug, then a single new drug could significantly improve cancer treatment for a range of different cancer types. (ca.gov)

During the second year, mice will be immunized with α-GalCer-incorporated liposome vaccine via intravenous or intranasal routes and T cell activities will be analyzed. (tmu.edu.tw)
4. UsherwoodEJ, StewartJP, RobertsonK, AllenDJ, NashAA (1996) Absence of splenic latency in murine gammaherpesvirus 68-infected B cell-deficient mice. (prelekara.sk)
It really is today generally accepted which the livers of mice and human beings contain types of innate immune system cells [11]C[13]. (enmd-2076.com)

The aim of the present study is to combine the activation and tumor targeting of activated iNKT, NK and T cells. (biomedcentral.com)
The roles of tumor-infiltrating CD4+Foxp3- T cells are not well characterized due to their plasticity of differentiation, and varying levels of activation or exhaustion. (bvsalud.org)
In vivo, in an intracerebral glioma xenograft model (LNT-22 cells), TGF-1/2 siRNA transfectants appeared to be non-tumorigenic and induced NK cell activation [39]. (abic2004.org)
Together, these studies argue in favor of a model wherein M2 activation of the NFAT pathway initiates events leading to increased levels of IRF4 - a key player in plasma cell differentiation - which in turn triggers IL-10 expression. (prelekara.sk)
Finally, it retrospectively analyze the activation strategies and clinical relevance of existing γδ T cell adoptive immunotherapies. (explorationpub.com)

Nonetheless, how signals from the tissue environment shape the iNKT cell population to best fit their function in their tissues of residency remains unclear. (elifesciences.org)

Despite this prototypical TCR repertoire gene usage, in recent years it has become apparent that there are variations within the iNKT cell repertoire that ultimately impact the antigen recognition capacity and consequently the functional outcomes during an immune response. (elifesciences.org)

Approaching the response issue from the other direction, Dr. Melero discussed invigorating T cell function using an agonist of the costimulatory receptor CD137, particularly in combination with other immunotherapies, such as ICB or adoptive T cell transfer. (acir.org)

The importance of immune surveillance in eradicating malignant cells is well demonstrated, and several observations have motivated the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines. (biomedcentral.com)

While my project is called "Building 'Off-the-Shelf' CAR T-cells", I'm really trying to find the best immune cell therapeutic that can target cancer cells. (basisindependent.com)

A major bottleneck for the success of CAR T-cell therapy is our inability to monitor the accumulation of the CAR T cells in the tumor with clinical-imaging techniques. (bvsalud.org)
Reading about the prospect of a CAR-NK cell therapy has forced me to ask some important questions. (basisindependent.com)
Stem-cell therapy: is a therapy that uses stem cells to treat or sometimes prevent a disease or condition. (labroots.com)
The most widely used stem-cell therapy is a bone marrow transplant, but some therapies derived from umbilical cord blood are also in use. (labroots.com)
Gene therapy holds potential for treating neurological diseases by delivering genetic information into specific cell types. (labroots.com)
They will create an antibody therapy that blocks that protein and makes the cancer stem cell available to be attacked and destroyed by the immune system. (ca.gov)

Indeed, the behavior of almost all immune cell populations in the bloodstream is altered in some way during and after exercise ( 7 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)

AcknowledgmentsThe cells are to those scientists whose calcium is first worked been in this part being to Directory stages. (michael-noeres.de)
A team led by scientists at UCLA has identified several potential drugs that kill cancer stem cells from the ovary, colon and brain in the lab dish. (ca.gov)

NK cells are also activated by certain antibodies (Immunoglobulin G) which attach to a CD16 receptor on NK cells. (basisindependent.com)

phagocytic and ROS making capacity, and Compact disc11b+ Kupffer cells with cytokine-producing capability. (enmd-2076.com)

First, we will address how TGF- effects the balance of signals governing NK cell activity. (abic2004.org)

However, the clinical application of tumor-infiltrating γδ T cells has certain limitations. (explorationpub.com)
Clinical trials have shown that for melanoma, NSCLC, or renal cell carcinoma patients treated with anti-PD-1, elevated serum IL-8 at baseline predicted lower survival. (acir.org)

According to current challenges, there is a need to explore innovative immunotherapies, maximize the tumor-killing efficacy of γδ T cells, and attenuate or eliminate tumor immunosuppression. (explorationpub.com)

Therefore, an in-depth understanding of γδ T cells that play conflicting roles in the tumor microenvironment is necessary. (explorationpub.com)

Vitamin D ameliorates stress ligand expression elicited by free fatty acids in the hepatic stellate cell line LX-2. (springer.com)
mouse and cell depletion tests demonstrated that NKT cells and NK cells weren't mixed up in hepatic damage. (enmd-2076.com)
The CD11b+ Kupffer cells producing TNF and FasL play a pivotal role in CCl4-induced acute hepatic injury thus. (enmd-2076.com)

Sphingolipids are remarkably diverse and have crucial roles in maintaining barrier function and fluidity, as well as regulating the cell cycle, cell motility, differentiation, adhesion, and apoptosis ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
Reactivation of the gammaherpesviruses Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV68) from latently infected B cells has been linked to plasma cell differentiation. (prelekara.sk)
We have previously shown that the MHV68 M2 protein is important for virus reactivation from B cells and, when expressed alone in primary murine B cells, can drive B cell differentiation towards a pre-plasma cell phenotype. (prelekara.sk)
In the context of previous findings, the data presented here provides insights into how M2 facilitates plasma cell differentiation and subsequent virus reactivation. (prelekara.sk)

For instance, the development of tolerogenic DCs will lead to antigen tolerance in particular through the expansion of T regulatory cells (Tregs). (biomedcentral.com)
Here, employing an inducible B cell expression system, we have determined that M2 activates the NFAT pathway in a Src kinase-dependent manner - leading to induction of the plasma cell-associated transcription factor, Interferon Regulatory Factor-4 (IRF4). (prelekara.sk)
Additionally, these cells show highly flexible and dynamic plasticity and are extremely easily polarized into regulatory phenotypes. (explorationpub.com)

γδ T cells express unique T cell receptor (TCR) γ and TCR δ chains, with structural and functional heterogeneity. (explorationpub.com)

In metastatic melanoma patients increased peripheral ICOS + CD4 + T cells correlated with improved survival. (acir.org)

In primary murine B cells, addition of cyclosporine (CsA) resulted in a significant decrease in M2-induced IL-10 levels as well as IRF4 expression, emphasizing the importance of the NFAT pathway in M2- mediated induction of IL-10. (prelekara.sk)
Murine Gammaherpesvirus M2 Protein Induction of IRF4 via the NFAT Pathway Leads to IL-10 Expression in B Cells. (prelekara.sk)
Pre- and post-treatment tumor analysis after anti-CTLA-4 treatment demonstrated changes in a number of T cell genes, the most surprising of which was the ICOS pathway. (acir.org)

Antibody-mediated depletion experiments further demonstrate that in this context, CTLs rather than NK cells are essential for the enhanced tumor inhibition. (biomedcentral.com)

Risk-adapted therapies for AML, ALL, and CLL patients consist of chemotherapy with/without stem cell transplantation (SCT), but the rate of early failures and relapses is still unsatisfying. (nature.com)
The thought is that cancers might recur because the chemotherapy kills the bulk of the tumor, but leaves behind the cancer stem cells that can, over time, form a new tumor. (ca.gov)

Anatomy20

Organisms8

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs63

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment12

Phenomena and Processes17

Receptors8

Cytotoxic7

Invariant NKT cells2

CD1d16

Cytokines13

Antitumor5

Antigen-prese2

Suppress3

Ligands2

Proliferation7

Immunotherapy2

Natural killer5

Cytotoxicity2

Effector cells2

Transactivation1

Dendritic4

Anti-tumor2

APCs2

Lymphoid2

Molecules2

Proliferate1

Macrophages4

Peripheral tissues2

Maturation1

Recombinant1

Immune responses2

Stimulation1

Mechanisms2

Antigens3

Potent1

Solid tumors4

Inhibitory1

Immunity2

Significantly3

Mice3

Activation5

Tissues1

Repertoire1

Adoptive1

Surveillance1

Therapeutic1

Therapy6

Populations1

Scientists2

Antibodies1

Cytokine1

Signals1

Clinical2

Efficacy1

Tumor microenvironment1

Hepatic3

Differentiation4

Regulatory3

Chains1

Melanoma1

Pathway3

Context1

Chemotherapy2