TendonsUlnar nerveBrachiiBrachialis musclesLateralRuptureWeaknessPosteriorMusculocutaneousRotatorFemoris muscleLong head of biceps tendonRupturesTendonitisMedialSensoryFlexionTendinopathyShoulderInflammationHead of the bicepsGastrocnemiusAnatomyOveruseForearmOccursBrachial plexusIntercostalTenodesisTriceps musclesLigamentsSpinal nervesFibersLaterallyFlexes the elbowProximalTennis ElbowConnective tissueFlexorCubital tunnel sThoracicNeckRadial nerveCompressionTendinitisUpper brachial plexusComplicationsSemimembranosusSciatic nerve injuryDeltoidTraumaCervicalTraumaticPalsyPatients
Tendons29
- Athletes can have tendinopathies of the triceps or biceps tendons. (medscape.com)
- Additional tendons from the muscles attach here and can be injured, causing medial epicondylitis, 'golfer's elbow. (medicinenet.com)
- The elbow can be affected by inflammation of the tendons or the bursae (plural for bursa) or conditions that affect the bones and joints, such as fractures , arthritis , or nerve irritation. (medicinenet.com)
- The lateral epicondyle is the outside bony portion of the elbow where large tendons attach to the elbow from the muscles of the forearm. (medicinenet.com)
- Stabilizing ligamentous pulley of the biceps consists of the confluence of the superior glenohumeral ligament and the coracohumeral ligament with fibrous contributions from the subscapularis and supraspinatus tendons. (eorif.com)
- Bursae are fluid-filled sacs that enable muscles or tendons to smoothly slide over bone during movement. (merckmanuals.com)
- This condition, commonly called tennis elbow, is an inflammation of the tendons that connect the muscles of the forearm to the elbow. (wkhs.com)
- This condition, commonly called golfer's elbow, is an inflammation of the tendons that connect the muscles of the forearm to the elbow. (wkhs.com)
- Tendons are fibrous tissues that connect muscles to bones. (dukehealth.org)
- When the tendons in the hand and wrist area become inflamed or damaged, they can cause disorders such as trigger finger, trigger thumb, de Quervain's tenosynovitis, wrist tendinitis, finger tendon ruptures/lacerations, and distal biceps and triceps ruptures. (dukehealth.org)
- Injury to the tendons of the muscles that make up the shoulder. (adventisthealth.org)
- Although it has become common to refer to the long muscles at the back of the thigh as the hamstring muscles or the hamstrings, they are in fact the the tendons that attach the large muscles at the back of the thigh to bone. (nielasher.com)
- The hamstring muscles themselves are the large muscles that pull on those tendons. (nielasher.com)
- Although the tendons themselves can sometimes be involved in injuries, in this blog we refer to the hamstrings as the large muscle group at the back of the thigh as this is where our clients most frequently encounter tightness, trigger point activity and injury. (nielasher.com)
- The hamstring tendons connect the thigh to the pelvis, allowing the muscles to perform knee flexion and extension. (nielasher.com)
- Tendons are bands of connective tissue fibers that connect muscle to bone. (orthoutah.org)
- This is often an overuse injury to the extensor tendons of the forearm. (fxregencenter.com)
- There are other tendons that attach muscle (such as the biceps and triceps) to the elbow bones. (fxregencenter.com)
- Injury or overuse of these tendons can cause intense pain in the elbow joint. (fxregencenter.com)
- The joint is the pulley while the muscles and tendons represent the cables. (drrahim.com)
- When the pulley (extremity joint) is in optimal alignment, the cables (muscles and tendons) glide smoothly with minimal energy expenditure. (drrahim.com)
- Muscles that may be effected are the flexor and extensor muscles of the arm, common flexor and extensor tendons of the forearm along with associated ligaments and bursa. (drrahim.com)
- Thus, the shoulder joint is considered the most insecure joint of the body but the support of ligaments, muscles and tendons function to provide the required stability. (rachelfrankmd.com)
- Tendons are strong tissues that join muscle to bone allowing the muscle to control the movement of the bone or joint. (rachelfrankmd.com)
- Two important group of tendons in the shoulder joint are the biceps tendons and rotator cuff tendons. (rachelfrankmd.com)
- Bicep tendons are the two tendons that join the bicep muscle of the upper arm to the shoulder. (rachelfrankmd.com)
- Rotator cuff tendons are a group of four tendons that join the head of the humerus to the deeper muscles of the rotator cuff. (rachelfrankmd.com)
- The rotator cuff is a group of muscles and their tendons that form a cuff over the shoulder joint. (medlineplus.gov)
- These muscles and tendons hold the arm in the shoulder joint. (medlineplus.gov)
Ulnar nerve10
- For example, in a lower trunk brachial plexus injury, reinnervation of the ulnar nerve intrinsic hand muscles is not possible due to the long period of muscle denervation because of the long distance necessary for nerve regeneration. (medscape.com)
- Partial Ulnar nerve grafted to Long Triceps. (ubpn.org)
- The ulnar nerve travels posterior to the medial epicondyle in the cubital tunnel, down the posterior medial side of the forearm and crosses the wrist in the Guyon canal. (medscape.com)
- After lesioning of the dorsal root entry zone due to painful avulsion, double fascicles (flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris) of the median and ulnar nerve) were transferred to the biceps brachii and brachialis branches of the musculocutaneous nerve to restore elbow flexion. (thenerve.net)
- 8 ) reported the technique of nerve transfer from a redundant fascicle of the ulnar nerve to the biceps brachii branch of the musculocutaneous nerve for restoration of elbow function due to upper brachial plexus avulsion. (thenerve.net)
- Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Cubital tunnel syndrome is a disorder caused by compression (pinching) of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. (merckmanuals.com)
- This condition, also called "ulnar nerve entrapment," happens to the ulnar nerve in your elbow. (wkhs.com)
- With this condition, your ulnar nerve is compressed, stretched or irritated. (wkhs.com)
- Identify and shield the dorsal cutaneous branch of the ulnar nerve in the distal incision. (dnahelix.com)
- Irritation of the ulnar nerve can take place in the groove on the inside of the elbow called the Cubital Tunnel. (fxregencenter.com)
Brachii12
- It provides motor innervation to the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm: the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis. (wikipedia.org)
- citation needed] after passing the lateral edge of the tendon of biceps brachii it is becomes known as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm. (wikipedia.org)
- at 2 cm above the elbow it pierces the deep fascia lateral to the tendon of the biceps brachii and is continued into the forearm as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm. (wikipedia.org)
- In its course through the arm it innervates the coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and the greater part of the brachialis. (wikipedia.org)
- It may adhere for some distance to the median and then pass outward, beneath the biceps brachii, instead of through the coracobrachialis. (wikipedia.org)
- The nerve may pass under the coracobrachialis or through the biceps brachii. (wikipedia.org)
- A method for reinsertion of the distal biceps brachii tendon. (wheelessonline.com)
- In cubital fossa, structures lying from lateral to medial are tendon of biceps brachii, brachial artery and median nerve (TAN). (pulsus.com)
- The biceps brachii, brachioradialis, and brachialis muscles are the major flexors of the elbow joint. (medscape.com)
- The supinator and biceps brachii muscles provide supination. (medscape.com)
- However, the importance of the brachial muscle in elbow flexion was subsequently confirmed and the technique for the transfer of double fascicular nerves to both the biceps brachii and brachialis muscles was introduced 7 ). (thenerve.net)
- The so-called 'double fascicular nerve transfer' entails a surgical transfer of the flexor carpi radialis (FCR) and flexor carpi ulnar (FCU) branches of the median and ulnar nerves to the biceps brachii and brachialis branches of the musculocutaneous nerve for functional restoration of elbow flexion 2 - 4 , 6 , 7 , 12 - 15 ). (thenerve.net)
Brachialis muscles4
- Overuse of coracobrachialis, biceps, and brachialis muscles can cause the stretching or compression of musculocutaneous nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- Electromyography test shows slight neural damage at the biceps and the brachialis muscles with slower motor and sensory conduction over the Erb's point. (wikipedia.org)
- Signs include loss of sensation in the arm and paralysis and atrophy of the deltoid, biceps, and brachialis muscles. (standardofcare.com)
- There may be paralysis or atrophy of the deltoid, the biceps, and the brachialis muscles. (studnickilaw.com)
Lateral16
- The musculocutaneous nerve is a mixed branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus derived from cervical spinal nerves C5-C7. (wikipedia.org)
- Musculocutaneous nerve arises from the lateral cord of the brachial plexus with root value of C5 to C7 of the spinal cord. (wikipedia.org)
- Its terminal branch, the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm, supplies the sensation of the lateral side of the forearm from the elbow to the wrist. (wikipedia.org)
- Those with this type of lesion is presented with pain, reduced sensation, and tingling of the lateral part of forearm (lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve - terminal sensory only branch of Musculocutaneous nerve) with reduced strength of elbow flexion. (wikipedia.org)
- The common peroneal, also known as the common fibular nerve, innervates the lateral aspect of the leg and dorsum of the foot. (medscape.com)
- The common peroneal nerve follows the tendon of the bicep femoris along the lateral margin of the popliteal fossa. (medscape.com)
- It is more lateral and superficial than the tibial nerve. (medscape.com)
- The median nerve crosses in front of the brachial artery at the middle of the arm from lateral to medial side, and passes along its medial side. (pulsus.com)
- No literature is available stating median nerve to be lateral to the brachial artery in the cubital fossa. (pulsus.com)
- The nerve was lateral to the artery. (pulsus.com)
- Although lateral epicondylitis and medial epicondylitis are both overuse injuries, they are covered individually in other articles within this journal. (medscape.com)
- A longitudinal ultrasound examination clearly reveals the insertion of the semitendinosus muscle (medial area), of the semimembranosus muscle (lateral area) and of the large portion of the biceps femoris (lateral and posterior area). (jortho.org)
- the medial and larger head is attached to the posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle of the femur and the lateral head to the lateral femoral condyle ( Fig. 39.1b ) The muscle extends down to the mid-calf, following which it inserts into a broad aponeurosis which receives the tendon of the soleus to form the tendon of Achilles (TA). (mhmedical.com)
- For example, the biceps femoris extends the thigh at the hip and inserts on the lateral side of the fibula. (nielasher.com)
- Tennis Elbow, also known as lateral epicondylosis, is one of the most common elbow injuries. (fxregencenter.com)
- The vastus lateralis, the largest head of the quadriceps muscles, originates on the anterior inferior greater trochanter, the intertrochanteric line, the lateral lip of the linea aspera, and the intermuscular septum. (humankinetics.com)
Rupture9
- On the other hand, rupture of the biceps can cause the loss of flexion of the elbow without sensory deficits. (wikipedia.org)
- Rupture of the SHORT HEAD of the biceps can decrease elbow flexion strength, where the brachialis muscle is intact. (wikipedia.org)
- Rupture of the LONG HEAD of the biceps results in mild weakening of forearm supination as long as the supinator muscle is intact. (wikipedia.org)
- Rupture of distal biceps: power analysis and complications after anatomic reinsertion compared with fixation to brachialis. (wheelessonline.com)
- We present a case of a young man who had a sudden jerk of his flexed right elbow, while involved in water skiing sports and sustained complete rupture of proximal end of long head of biceps tendon. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
- This material may bulge or rupture through a tear in the disc wall, causing pain when it touches a nerve. (gsharifi.com)
- Intra-articular displacement of the biceps tendon indicates subscapularis rupture. (eorif.com)
- During strenuous muscle stretching exercises, the muscles undergo strong traction forces which overload the muscle fibrils and occasionally provoke a rupture near the MTJ (9). (jortho.org)
- Ideally you should have your distal biceps rupture repaired within two weeks. (windsorupperlimb.com)
Weakness8
- Erb's palsy - or Erb-Duchenne palsy - is a nerve condition that causes muscle weakness in the shoulder and arm . (cerebralpalsyguide.com)
- You may also have muscle weakness in your biceps, triceps, and handgrip. (gsharifi.com)
- 14] In the 1920s and 1930s, new theories of the cause arose, with physicians proposing a combination of nervous system and psychological disorders such as nerve weakness (neurasthenia) and female hysteria. (unlockhipflexor.com)
- Repeated movements such as typing, working on an assembly line, or playing golf or racquet sports can cause compression of the nerves in the hands and wrists -- leading to numbness, tingling, pain, or weakness. (dukehealth.org)
- Any injury or damage to these nerves causes pain, weakness or joint instability. (orthoutah.org)
- Radial Neuritis is the irritation of the radial nerve that can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the back of the wrists, hands, and fingers. (fxregencenter.com)
- 3% sustained temporary weakness in a published series of 280 patients after distal biceps repair). (windsorupperlimb.com)
- Traumatic brachial plexopathies are a diverse and complex group of injuries that result in functional upper-extremity deficits ranging from weakness to complete paralysis. (medscape.com)
Posterior8
- If injury does occur, the importance of differential diagnosis followed by the management of all causes of posterior thigh pain is emphasised. (bmj.com)
- The insertion site is overlying the triceps muscle about 8-10 cm (3-4 inches) from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and 3-5 cm (1.25-2 inches) posterior to (below) the sulcus (groove) between the biceps and triceps muscles. (guidelinecentral.com)
- Biceps tenoditis patients are protected with a posterior splint or sling for 2 weeks with immediate passive elbow and shoulder ROM. (eorif.com)
- The muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg comprise a superficial and deep group. (mhmedical.com)
- The deep group is composed of the tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus and popliteus muscles. (mhmedical.com)
- Anatomists refer to these as the posterior thigh muscles, and more specifically as the semimembranosus, the semitendinosus, and the biceps femoris muscles. (nielasher.com)
- The posterior interosseous nerve is a motor nerve that lies just behind the biceps tuberosity: it may rarely get damaged by the surgery, or trapped by the button implant. (windsorupperlimb.com)
- The hamstrings make up the posterior muscles of the knee. (humankinetics.com)
Musculocutaneous12
- The musculocutaneous nerve also gives articular branches to the elbow joint and to the humerus. (wikipedia.org)
- The musculocutaneous nerve presents frequent variations and communications with the median nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- Injury to the musculocutaneous nerve can be caused by three mechanisms: repeated microtrauma, indirect trauma or direct trauma on the nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- Other differential diagnoses that can mimick the symptoms of musculocutaneous palsy are: C6 radiculopathy (pain can be produced by movement of the neck), long head of biceps tendinopathy (no motor or sensory deficits), pain of the bicipital groove (relieved by shoulder joint injection). (wikipedia.org)
- In indirect trauma, violent abduction and retroposition of the shoulder can stretch the nerve and result tension of the coracobrachialis with musculocutaneous nerve lesion. (wikipedia.org)
- In direct trauma, fracture of the humerus, gun shot, glass pieces injuries and more, can cause the musculocutaneous nerve lesion. (wikipedia.org)
- If reconstruction of the motor function of the musculocutaneous nerve (elbow flexion) is needed then there are several options, depending on the injury pattern and timeframes. (wikipedia.org)
- Motor root avulsion of the C5 and C6 roots results in Erb palsy, with loss of supply to muscles innervated by the suprascapular nerve, axillary nerve, and musculocutaneous nerve 3 ). (thenerve.net)
- The most commonly involved nerves are the suprascapular nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, and the axillary nerve. (standardofcare.com)
- 7. Kawabata H, Shibata T, Matsui Y, Yasui N. Use of intercostal nerves for neurotization of the musculocutaneous nerve in infants with birth-related brachial plexus palsy. (ijpoonline.com)
- Neurotization of the donor muscle was performed using the musculocutaneous nerve (one case), spinal accessory nerve (12 cases), or multiple intercostal motor nerves (16 cases). (medscape.com)
- The main nerves of the brachial plexus are the musculocutaneous, axillary, radial, ulnar and median nerves. (rachelfrankmd.com)
Rotator3
- Work-related tendinitis commonly develops in the biceps, elbow, and rotator cuff. (merckmanuals.com)
- The rotator cuff is the main group of muscles in the shoulder joint and is comprised of 4 muscles. (rachelfrankmd.com)
- The deltoid muscle forms the outer layer of the rotator cuff and is the largest and strongest muscle of the shoulder joint. (rachelfrankmd.com)
Femoris muscle3
- Five months earlier the player had suffered an indirect-type acute muscle fiber injury (15, 16) in the biceps femoris muscle of his right thigh. (jortho.org)
- The bicep femoris muscle runs overtop of the sciatic nerve, and sometimes the sciatic nerve can get trapped under it. (answers.com.tn)
- The most common affected muscle was tibialis anterior (92.6%) while the fewest affected muscle was the long head of the biceps femoris muscle (79.41%) based on the needle EMG. (jpmrs.org)
Long head of biceps tendon2
Ruptures1
- The vast majority of biceps tendon ruptures occurs at the proximal insertion and almost always involves the long head. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
Tendonitis1
- What does biceps femoris tendonitis feel like? (answers.com.tn)
Medial4
- It does miss the medial aspect of the leg, which is innervated by the saphenous nerve, a cutaneous extension of the femoral nerve. (medscape.com)
- the vascular sheath is medial and deeper to the sciatic nerve. (medscape.com)
- The long head originates in the medial facet of ischial tuberosity via a tendon shared with the semitendinosus muscle, whereas the short head emerges from the femur linea aspera. (jortho.org)
- This muscle also offers medial rotation of the hip and lower leg. (nielasher.com)
Sensory13
- Peripheral nerve injuries may result in loss of motor function, sensory function, or both. (medscape.com)
- The future in peripheral nerve injuries lies in maximizing motor and sensory recovery after nerve injury. (medscape.com)
- For optimal outcome after surgery, knowledge of motor and sensory fascicular topography within the nerve is essential to ensure correct alignment of the motor and sensory fascicles. (medscape.com)
- Clinically, both demyelination and axonal degeneration result in disruption of sensory function, motor function, or both in the injured nerve. (medscape.com)
- Depending on the severity and degree of nerve injury, recovery of function occurs with remyelination and with axonal regeneration and reinnervation of the sensory receptors, motor end plates, or both. (medscape.com)
- With closed traumatic injuries or restoration of nerve continuity, axons may regenerate and thus reinnervate the motor end plates and sensory receptors. (medscape.com)
- Depending on the severity of nerve injury, recovery of motor and sensory function is variable. (medscape.com)
- The biceps tendon contains a large network of sensory and sympathetic nerve fibers, mainly at its insertion. (eorif.com)
- Spinal nerves and corresponding sensory dermatomes are shown above. (emcrit.org)
- Therefore, a sensory level to light touch may be absent unless both of these are involved (e.g., a complete injury that involves all spinal cord tracts). (emcrit.org)
- A sensory nerve lies within the surgical field and this may get stretched during the surgery. (windsorupperlimb.com)
- [ 12 ] have described a method involving two FFMTs combined with additional motor and sensory neurotization in patients with four or five nerve root avulsions. (medscape.com)
- Nerves carry messages from the brain to muscles to direct movement (motor nerves) and send information about different sensations such as touch, temperature and pain from the muscles back to the brain (sensory nerves). (rachelfrankmd.com)
Flexion7
- Differential diagnosis includes C5 and C6 nerve root lesions of the brachial plexus where the abduction, external rotation, and elbow flexion is lost. (wikipedia.org)
- Six months after the nerve transfers, elbow flexion recovered to Medical Research Council grade 3, but shoulder function did not show any improvement. (thenerve.net)
- Nine patients underwent a double free muscle transfer for simultaneous restoration of elbow flexion and wrist extension (first muscle) and finger flexion (second muscle), combined with direct triceps neurotization. (medscape.com)
- Seventy-nine percent of the FFMTs for elbow flexion alone (single transfer) and 63% of similarly innervated muscles transferred for combined motion achieved at least Grade M4 elbow flexion strength. (medscape.com)
- Biceps and shoulder musculature reinnervation involving both nerve grafting and transfer techniques has resulted in reliable restoration of elbow flexion and shoulder abduction when the procedure is undertaken within 6 to 9 months of injury. (medscape.com)
- In addition to restoration of elbow flexion, this double free muscle transfer provides an opportunity for patients with complete brachial plexus avulsions to regain prehension. (medscape.com)
- The rectus femoris, as a two-joint muscle, performs both hip flexion and knee extension. (humankinetics.com)
Tendinopathy2
- What causes biceps femoris tendinopathy? (answers.com.tn)
- With Biceps Femoris Tendinopathy at the distal (knee end) of the muscle- this injury generally develops due to an excessive increase in long run distance. (answers.com.tn)
Shoulder19
- This type of nerve injury may also affect shoulder growth or development. (cerebralpalsyguide.com)
- Shoulder dystocia is a specific type of birth injury that occurs when one or both of a baby's shoulders become stuck in the birth canal during vaginal delivery. (cerebralpalsyguide.com)
- Sadly, nearly 10% of shoulder dystocia cases result in permanent injury. (cerebralpalsyguide.com)
- Therefore, nerve transfer surgery to restore elbow and shoulder function is rarely reported. (thenerve.net)
- Two weeks after the first transfer surgery, the distal accessory nerve was transferred to the suprascapular nerve to ensure shoulder function. (thenerve.net)
- An additional nerve transfer (triceps branch of the radial nerve to the axillary nerve) was planned for shoulder function. (thenerve.net)
- For shoulder function, it is recommended to perform radial nerve transfer at the time of the first surgery. (thenerve.net)
- In the case of root avulsion, the absence of proximal nerve stump prevents nerve graft reconstruction and no spontaneous recovery of the shoulder and elbow function is anticipated 13 ). (thenerve.net)
- Therefore, nerve transfer should be considered for restoration of the elbow and shoulder function. (thenerve.net)
- Despite pain surgery for neuropathic pain in brachial plexus avulsion 5 , 9 , 10 ), no surgical restoration of the function of the elbow and shoulder was possible because it was referred to the authors one year after a shoulder injury. (thenerve.net)
- These injuries arise most commonly from shoulder dystocia during a difficult birth. (standardofcare.com)
- Following trauma to the head and shoulder, an injury can cause the nerves of the plexus to violently stretch, with the upper trunk of the plexus sustaining the greatest injury. (standardofcare.com)
- A complete tear of of the tendon that attaches the biceps muscle to the shoulder. (adventisthealth.org)
- Inflammation in ithe main tendon that attaches the biceps muscle to the shoulder. (adventisthealth.org)
- Injury to the labrum, a small structure in the shoulder that affects stability. (adventisthealth.org)
- Occurs when the axillary nerve in the shoulder is compressed or injured. (adventisthealth.org)
- Erb's Palsy affects the muscles around the shoulder and elbow. (studnickilaw.com)
- The nerves of the arm pass through the shoulder joint from the neck. (rachelfrankmd.com)
- These nerves form a bundle at the region of the shoulder called the brachial plexus. (rachelfrankmd.com)
Inflammation3
- The pain is a result of spinal nerve inflammation and swelling caused by the pressure of the herniated disc. (gsharifi.com)
- At the start of the 20th century, physicians thought low back pain was caused by inflammation of or damage to the nerves,[99] with neuralgia and neuritis frequently mentioned by them in the medical literature of the time. (unlockhipflexor.com)
- While a hamstring injury can be painful, massage therapy is a great way to reduce inflammation and speed up recovery. (nielasher.com)
Head of the biceps1
- provides definitive evaluation of the long head of the biceps tendon. (eorif.com)
Gastrocnemius6
- The tibial nerve is the larger of the 2 divisions and runs in the middle of popliteal fossa passing inferiorly through the 2 heads of the gastrocnemius. (medscape.com)
- In a large muscle such as the quadriceps or the gastrocnemius, each neuron may be connected to as many as 2,000 fibers. (faqs.org)
- This is the case of the rectus femoris, the semitendinous muscle, the biceps femoris and the gastrocnemius muscles (10, 11, 12). (jortho.org)
- The superficial group is composed of the triceps surae (gastrocnemius and soleus) and plantaris muscle. (mhmedical.com)
- Soleus is a large flat broad muscle, deep to the gastrocnemius ( Fig. 39.1c ). (mhmedical.com)
- The muscle joins with the tendon of gastrocnemius and together they form the TA, inserting into the calcaneal tuberosity. (mhmedical.com)
Anatomy3
- Iatrogenic nerve injuries (for example during orthopedic surgery involving an internal fixation of the humerus) are relatively common and in a certain percentage of cases probably inevitable, though an adequate knowledge of the surgical anatomy can help to reduce its frequency. (wikipedia.org)
- Sciatic nerve anatomy. (medscape.com)
- getting to know the basic anatomy of these muscles is a good place to start. (nielasher.com)
Overuse8
- Overuse injuries of the elbow and forearm are very common in athletes. (medscape.com)
- Overuse injuries to the forearm and elbow are very common in throwing and racquet sports. (medscape.com)
- The frequency of elbow and forearm overuse injuries is difficult to determine because of the multiple comorbid states and diagnoses that are possible (see Differentials and Other Problems to Be Considered). (medscape.com)
- Overuse injuries or direct trauma can affect these nerves. (medscape.com)
- If you are an athlete, or if you work with your arms and hands, your elbows may be at risk for an overuse injury. (wkhs.com)
- They can get damaged or torn as a result of traumatic injury or overuse. (dukehealth.org)
- It can also develop from overuse or following an injury. (dukehealth.org)
- Back pain can have several causes such as poor posture, overuse, incorrect lifting techniques, getting jolted in a car, flat feet or even weak core muscles. (louiseorourkephysiotherapy.ie)
Forearm1
- It anchors your upper arm's triceps muscle to the ulna (one of the bones of your forearm). (wkhs.com)
Occurs5
- Secondary procedures can be done months, or even years after the injury occurs. (hss.edu)
- Recovery occurs as the nerve tissue regenerates from either end of the original nerve to connect via the grafted nerve tissue. (hss.edu)
- The actual muscle contraction generate within the muscle is fueled by the chemical reaction that occurs involving the compound adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which participates in a series of energy-producing reactions that involve creatine phosphate, present in the muscle cell, and gylcogen, transported to the cell through the blood as glucose. (faqs.org)
- occurs when straining or overworking a muscle causes small tears in a tendon. (merckmanuals.com)
- This occurs because the spinothalamic tract nerves are damaged before they have a chance to cross the midline (figure above). (emcrit.org)
Brachial plexus4
- When the nerve injury is very proximal (eg, in brachial plexus injury or sciatic nerve injury), nerve regeneration may not occur quickly enough to permit muscle reinnervation. (medscape.com)
- What Causes Brachial Plexus Injury? (cerebralpalsyguide.com)
- 3. Thatte MR, Mehta R. Obstetric brachial plexus injury. (ijpoonline.com)
- The authors report the functional outcomes after functioning free muscle transfer (FFMT) for restoration of the upper-extremity movement after brachial plexus injury (BPI). (medscape.com)
Intercostal1
- 2 Intercostal nerves grafted to Biceps muscle, -Free-Gracilis muscle transfer to Biceps Region innervated with 2 Intercostal nerves grafts. (ubpn.org)
Tenodesis3
- There are several options for long head of biceps (LHB) tenodesis with advantage and disadvantages of each technique. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
- We believe that the suprapectoral LHB tenodesis described in this article enables the restoration of the anatomic length-tension relation in a technically reproducible manner, when following the guidelines set forth in this article, and restores biceps contour and function adequately with a low risk of complications. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
- In this article, we describe a modified surgical technique of open supra-pectoral long head of biceps tenodesis using an EndoButton tension slide technique, reproducing an anatomic length-tension relationship. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
Triceps muscles1
- The biceps and triceps muscles of the upper arm are an extensor/flexor pair for the elbow joint, as are the quadriceps (extensor) and the hamstrings (flexor) in the movements of the knee. (faqs.org)
Ligaments4
- Any injury to these ligaments can lead to instability of the elbow joint. (orthoutah.org)
- There are several structures in the back that may cause pain such as discs, ligaments, muscles, joint and nerves. (louiseorourkephysiotherapy.ie)
- Structures include muscles and ligaments of the lower leg, calf muscles, achilles tendon, tibias anterior. (drrahim.com)
- structures include associated muscles, ligaments and bursa of the TMJ. (drrahim.com)
Spinal nerves6
- The sciatic nerve is formed by the union of the first 3 sacral spinal nerves and the fourth and fifth lumbar nerves (see the image below). (medscape.com)
- The median nerve crosses the joint medially between the 2 heads of the pronator muscle and consists of fibers from the C5-T1 spinal nerves. (medscape.com)
- At each disc level, a pair of spinal nerves exit from the spinal cord and branch out to your body. (gsharifi.com)
- Your spinal cord and the spinal nerves act as a "telephone," allowing messages, or impulses, to travel back and forth between your brain and body to relay sensation and control movement. (gsharifi.com)
- The gel material is irritating to your spinal nerves, causing something like a chemical irritation. (gsharifi.com)
- The upper trunk C5-C6 nerves form part of the brachial plexus, comprising the ventral rami of spinal nerves C5-C8 and thoracic nerve T1. (standardofcare.com)
Fibers13
- In myelinated nerve fibers, each axon is surrounded by the endoneurium. (medscape.com)
- Groups of nerve fibers are surrounded by the perineurium to form fascicles, and groups of fascicles are surrounded by the internal and external epineurium. (medscape.com)
- During a nerve transfer, the surgeon is also able to separate out those fascicles (bundles of nerve fibers) that deliver the necessary information. (hss.edu)
- As the muscles on examination appear to be constructed of varying lengths of strips, due to the manner in which the muscle fibers are situated, these muscles are also known as striated muscle. (faqs.org)
- The muscle fibers that are the substance of each muscle are of similar construction throughout all skeletal muscles. (faqs.org)
- The speed with which the neurons communicate impulses to the muscle fiber group determine whether the fibers will be a fast-twitch fiber (useful in sports that require, power, strength, and reaction time), or a slow-twitch fiber (best suited to endurance sports). (faqs.org)
- In fine motor control muscles, such as the eyelid, the neuron may only control a group of 10 muscle fibers or fewer. (faqs.org)
- The fibers are made up of myofibrils, filaments that run the length of the muscle fiber. (faqs.org)
- As the body rests, the muscle fibers attract cells known as myoblasts, which fuse with the existing fiber, causing the muscle fibers to become denser and stronger. (faqs.org)
- Muscle size is not limitless, and the fibers will not attract unlimited numbers of myoblasts for repair, due to the presence of myostatin in the muscle cells. (faqs.org)
- The outermost layer, the epimysium, is very echogenic and extends towards the inner part of the muscle until it reaches the perimysium or fibroadipose septum, which is also very echoic and contains connective tissue, fat, vessels and nerves, and divides the fascicle into muscle fibers. (jortho.org)
- Muscle fibers are formed by myofilaments surrounded by a connective tissue web, the endomysium, which contains capillaries and nerves. (jortho.org)
- Fibers are arranged either linearly or obliquely until they reach the myotendinous junction (MTJ), an extremely vulnerable area of variable size (in some cases it can be larger than half the muscle length). (jortho.org)
Laterally3
- It follows the course of the third part of the axillary artery (part of the axillary artery distal to the pectoralis minor) laterally and enters the frontal aspect of the arm where it penetrates the coracobrachialis muscle. (wikipedia.org)
- The popliteal fossa has the semitendinosus and semimembranosus medially and the biceps femoris laterally. (medscape.com)
- The two heads are overlaid by the tendon of biceps femoris and the common peroneal nerve laterally and the semimembranosus muscle medially. (mhmedical.com)
Flexes the elbow1
- The biceps muscle is the major muscle that flexes the elbow hinge. (medicinenet.com)
Proximal2
- The sciatic nerve divides into the tibial and common peroneal nerve about 5-12 cm proximal to the popliteal crease. (medscape.com)
- It separates into its terminal branches about 6 cm proximal to the popliteal crease into the tibial nerve and the common peroneal nerve. (medscape.com)
Tennis Elbow2
- Also, see eMedicineHealth's patient education articles Repetitive Motion Injuries, Sprains and Strains, and Tennis Elbow. (medscape.com)
- Dr. Shounuck Patel offers a broad array of advanced, non-surgical cell therapy and PRP procedures for degenerative elbow conditions and sport-related injuries including osteoarthritis, tennis elbow and more. (fxregencenter.com)
Connective tissue3
- A nerve is composed of neural tissue (axon) and connective tissue. (medscape.com)
- The muscle will taper at its opposite end into a more slender connective tissue, the muscle tendon, to the connection with the bone, the point of insertion. (faqs.org)
- Muscles are surrounded by a 3-layer dense connective tissue (6, 7). (jortho.org)
Flexor2
- Pronation is achieved through the pronator quadratus, pronator teres, and flexor carpi radialis muscles. (medscape.com)
- Almost all joints in the body are comprised of muscles that operate in pairs: one muscle acts as an extensor, to extend or straighten the joint, and the other muscle in the pair acts as a flexor, to facilitate the bending of the joint. (faqs.org)
Cubital tunnel s1
- Common nerve-compression problems include carpal tunnel syndrome and cubital tunnel syndrome. (dukehealth.org)
Thoracic1
- Caused when nerves and blood vessels going to the arms and hands get squeezed near the thoracic outlet. (adventisthealth.org)
Neck2
- Neck or arm pain, numbness or tingling may result when the disc material touches or compresses a spinal nerve. (gsharifi.com)
- Elbow pain can also originate from irritated nerves in the neck. (fxregencenter.com)
Radial nerve5
- Occasionally it gives a filament to the pronator teres, and it supplies the dorsal surface of the thumb when the superficial branch of the radial nerve is absent. (wikipedia.org)
- In a study of the US National Inpatient Sample database, Lad et al reported higher rates of median, ulnar, and radial nerve injuries as compared with brachial plexus injuries. (medscape.com)
- Radial nerve injury is also in another article. (medscape.com)
- This condition involves the radial nerve in your elbow. (wkhs.com)
- The radial nerve passes down your arm to your hand. (wkhs.com)
Compression5
- [ 1 , 2 ] Such injuries may occur as a result of trauma (blunt or penetrating) or acute compression. (medscape.com)
- Compression neuropathy of median nerve, vascular compression and injury to the median nerve during brachial catheterization can occur in such a case. (pulsus.com)
- Repetitive motion injuries include tendinitis, bursitis, and compression of a nerve. (merckmanuals.com)
- Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Carpal tunnel syndrome is a painful compression (pinching) of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. (merckmanuals.com)
- This can lead to legal action ⠦ B) lost muscle ⠦ "The danger of a complication from an inadvertent arterial puncture is that a leak could go undetected and cause an accumulation of blood in an area that can cause a compression injury to a nearby nerve. This type of injury could permanently damage the nerve and lead to a lawsuit. (pacmedia.ca)
Tendinitis1
- Other treatments may be used: Corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections for tendinitis, drainage with or without corticosteroid injections for bursitis, and a splint or brace for a compressed nerve. (merckmanuals.com)
Upper brachial plexus2
- We present our initial experience of double fascicular nerve transfer for upper brachial plexus avulsion. (thenerve.net)
- Erb's Palsy is often caused by a traumatic injury to the upper brachial plexus (the nerves in the upper arm). (studnickilaw.com)
Complications2
- He regained full muscle power in the biceps without any possible complications, such as humeral fracture, infection, or nerve injury, associated with this technique. (openorthopaedicsjournal.com)
- Elbow surgery comes with many serious risks and complications but is often considered to be a straightforward and accepted approach to treatment for those suffering from significant arthritis or injury in this joint. (fxregencenter.com)
Semimembranosus2
- These are the biceps femoris, semimembranosus, and semitendinosus. (nielasher.com)
- The semimembranosus muscle is a broad and fusiform (shaped like a spindle) muscle located between the biceps femoris and the semitendinosus. (nielasher.com)
Sciatic nerve injury2
- Objective: In this retrospectice study, it was aimed to evaluate the electrophysiological results of our patients who were admitted to our electroneuromyography (ENMG) laboratory with prediagnosis of sciatic nerve injury secondary to gluteal intramuscular injections. (jpmrs.org)
- Material and Methods: It was recorded the electrophysiological findings of 68 patients who were admitted to our ENMG laboratory between 2006 and 2015 with prediagnosis of sciatic nerve injury which developed after intramuscular injection in the gluteal region. (jpmrs.org)
Deltoid1
- Uninjured C7 Hemi-Contralateral cross-over to Deltoid muscle. (ubpn.org)
Trauma3
- In North America, data taken from a trauma population in Canada revealed that approximately 2-3% of patients had a major nerve injury. (medscape.com)
- All qualifying articles focusing on rural pediatric TBI, including the subtopics epidemiology (N = 3), intervention/healthcare cost (N = 6), and prevention (N = 1), were reviewed.RESULTS: Rural pediatric TBIs were more likely to have increased trauma and head injury severity, with higher-velocity mechanisms (e.g., motor vehicle collisions). (stanford.edu)
- Caused when trauma causes injury to the SC joint. (adventisthealth.org)
Cervical3
- Nerves to the cervical cord are located closest to the middle of the cord, whereas nerves to the sacrum are located farthest towards the edges of the spinal cord. (emcrit.org)
- This study is to evaluate the use of a fully implanted device for providing hand function, reach, and trunk function to individuals with cervical spinal cord injury. (trialstoday.org)
- With this system, we propose that individuals who have a mid-cervical-level spinal cord injury will regain control over multiple functions, including grasp, reach, bed mobility, seated posture, restoration of an effective cough and bladder function. (trialstoday.org)
Traumatic10
- To diagnose traumatic nerve injury, operative exploration should be performed without delay. (wikipedia.org)
- A great deal of information regarding the evaluation and treatment of traumatic nerve injuries came with the experience of treating wartime injuries. (medscape.com)
- In traumatic nerve injury with large nerve gaps, nerve allografts have been described. (medscape.com)
- At the HSS Center for Brachial Plexus and Traumatic Nerve Injury, patients are cared for by a multidisciplinary team with extensive experience in every aspect of their treatment, from diagnosis to long-term follow-up. (hss.edu)
- She also has completed a Neurotrauma fellowship at UCSF and San Francisco General Hospital with Geoff Manley, MD, PhD where she received specialized training in caring for patients after traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries. (stanford.edu)
- Dr. Cage has comprehensive neurosurgical training in treating traumatic brain injury, traumatic spine injury, degenerative and oncologic spine disorders, as well as extra-axial and intra-axial brain tumors. (stanford.edu)
- She specifically focuses on understanding the association between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and patient outcomes following traumatic brain injury. (stanford.edu)
- Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury in the United States: Rural-Urban Disparities and Considerations. (stanford.edu)
- INTRODUCTION: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a primary cause of pediatric morbidity. (stanford.edu)
- You may have first noticed pain when you woke up, without any traumatic event that might have caused injury. (gsharifi.com)
Palsy12
- A birth injury during a difficult delivery is one of the most common Erb's palsy causes in newborns. (cerebralpalsyguide.com)
- Erb's palsy affects the brachial plexus nerves, which allow the shoulders, arms, and hands to move. (cerebralpalsyguide.com)
- Also called brachial plexus palsy, the condition affects the brachial plexus, a group of nerves that connects the spine to the arm and hand, allowing the shoulders, arms, and hands to move. (cerebralpalsyguide.com)
- Erb's palsy in newborns is caused by a birth injury, usually during a difficult delivery. (cerebralpalsyguide.com)
- However, there are some instances in which health care providers could have prevented the physical injury to the baby's brachial plexus that caused Erb's palsy. (cerebralpalsyguide.com)
- Erb's palsy is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically the severing of the upper trunk C5-C6 nerves. (standardofcare.com)
- The three most common treatments for Erb's palsy are nerve transfers from the opposite arm, subscapularis releases and latissimus dorsi tendon transfers. (standardofcare.com)
- This article discusses the role of primary nerve surgery for Brachial Plexus Birth Palsy (BPBP). (ijpoonline.com)
- Brachial Plexus Palsy affects the nerves in the arm and hand. (studnickilaw.com)
- As many as 60% of brachial plexus palsy injuries are of the Erb's Palsy type. (studnickilaw.com)
- Cerebral palsy (CP) is characterized by nonprogressive brain injury, the most common cause of child disability. (bvsalud.org)
- Cerebral palsy (CP) is a general term that includes very different clinical manifestations that have in common motor difficulty due to a brain injury. (bvsalud.org)
Patients5
- [ 3 ] In New South Wales, Australia, 2% of patients were reported to have a major nerve injury. (medscape.com)
- Patients do experience moderate discomfort during a popliteal block because the needle traverses through the biceps femoris. (medscape.com)
- Patients with complex nerve injuries may need a combination of procedures to achieve optimal recovery of function. (hss.edu)
- Some patients find relief by holding their arm in an elevated position behind their head because this position relieves pressure on the nerve. (gsharifi.com)
- Patients may complain about strained muscle, stiffness, circulatory problems and cramps. (standardofcare.com)