• The Combination of piR-823 and Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 3 B (EIF3B) Activates Hepatic Stellate Cells via Upregulating TGF-β1 in Liver Fibrogenesis. (nih.gov)
  • First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). (jove.com)
  • The small ribosomal subunit and various eukaryotic initiation factors are recruited to the mRNA 5′ TL and to form the 48S PIC complex, which scans 5′ to 3′ along the mRNA transcript, inspecting each successive triplet for a functional start codon. (wikipedia.org)
  • Eukaryotic initiation factors rearrange the 48S PIC and permit the large subunit to join, thus forming the complete translation competent 80S ribosome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Together with eIF2 and GTP, the initiator tRNA binds the P site of the small ribosomal subunit forming the eukaryotic pre-initiation complex. (jove.com)
  • Upon codon-anticodon recognition, GTP is hydrolyzed and the initiation factors dissociate, allowing the large ribosomal subunit to join the complex and form an intact ribosome. (jove.com)
  • Now, the 50S ribosomal subunit can bind to the initiation complex, with the complete ribosome ready to begin translation. (jove.com)
  • Cap-dependent translation initiation begins when the 40 s ribosomal subunit encounters a start codon as it scans along the 5′UTR. (nature.com)
  • At the start codon, peptide synthesis initiates when the 40 s subunit acquires the 60 s subunit with other translation initiation factors. (nature.com)
  • If scanning ribosomes encountering uORFs prematurely initiate translation in the 5′UTR, upon reaching the uORF termination codon the ribosome may dissociate from the mRNA transcript, or the 40 s subunit may resume scanning after the 60 s subunit is lost. (nature.com)
  • Resumption of scanning leads to translation of downstream reading frames only if the necessary translation initiation factors are reacquired by the 40 s subunit before reaching the downstream start codon. (nature.com)
  • Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (EIF-2) functions in the early steps of protein synthesis by forming a ternary complex with GTP and initiator tRNA and binding to a 40S ribosomal subunit. (thermofisher.com)
  • The beta subunit catalyzes the exchange of GDP for GTP, which recycles the EIF-2 complex for another round of initiation. (thermofisher.com)
  • The full transcript is available as a PDF file for individuals who have received a Heruka or Vajrayogini Highest Yoga Tantra initiation. (lamayeshe.com)
  • The strict regulation of translation in both space and time is in part governed by cis-regulatory elements located in 5′ mRNA transcript leaders (TLs) and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs). (wikipedia.org)
  • This destabilization of the translational machinery can trigger nonsense mediated decay of the mRNA transcript. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, alternative transcription initiation within the CDS may generate protein isoforms with varied functions in S. cerevisiae. (wikipedia.org)
  • These variants have multiple alternative transcription initiation sites and multiple polyA sites. (antibodies-online.com)
  • All organisms-bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes-have a transcription initiation factor that contains a structural module that binds within the RNA polymerase (RNAP) active-center cleft and interacts with template-strand single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the immediate vicinity of the RNAP active center. (osti.gov)
  • This transcription initiation-factor structural module preorganizes template-strand ssDNA to engage the RNAP active center, thereby facilitating binding of initiating nucleotides and enabling transcription initiation from initiating mononucleotides. (osti.gov)
  • However, this transcription initiation-factor structural module occupies the path of nascent RNA and thus presumably must be displaced before or during initial transcription. (osti.gov)
  • In this paper, we report four sets of crystal structures of bacterial initially transcribing complexes that demonstrate and define details of stepwise, RNA-extension-driven displacement of the "σ-finger" of the bacterial transcription initiation factor σ. (osti.gov)
  • These obstacles interfered with comparative in-vivo investigation of mtDNA transcription in diverse conditions, and hampered expanding the study of mtDNA nascent transcripts to organisms lacking an mtDNA reference sequence. (biorxiv.org)
  • known as leader sequences, these include the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence required for canonical translation initiation in bacteria. (europa.eu)
  • I recently demonstrated that M. tuberculosis expresses an unexpected number of leaderless mRNA transcripts that lack the SD sequence. (europa.eu)
  • Furthermore, in transcripts of both Brd and m4 there are three common regulatory sequence motifs within the 3' UTR. (sdbonline.org)
  • Moreover, it has been shown that variants destroying stop codons in translated uORFs are under strong negative selection, presumably because the resultant translational readthrough can decrease start codon recognition and translation initiation at the coding sequence (CDS) 10 . (nature.com)
  • DNA sequence and shape analysis of initiation complex sites suggest that both sequence and shape contribute to specificity, but in a context-restricted manner. (nih.gov)
  • That is, initiation sites have the locally "best" initiator (INR) sequence and/or shape. (nih.gov)
  • Biotin labeled cRNA transcripts were synthesized, fragmented and hybridized to HuGeneFL GeneChip probe arrays representing more than 6800 human genes and expressed sequence tags. (cdc.gov)
  • Eukaryotic translation consists of three stages: initiation elongation, and termination. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, certain genes such as elongation factor1 delta, initiation factor 2B-3, m- phase phosphoprotein had a marginal increase in response to both TCE and TCA compared to control group. (cdc.gov)
  • Transcript Legend , CCC Transcript Nov. 2018, and Guide to Ordering Transcripts . (ccc.edu)
  • PIP-seq allowed transcriptional orientation of Pol II to be determined, which may be useful near promoters where sufficient sense/anti-sense transcript mapping information is lacking. (nih.gov)
  • We also show that the transcriptional initiation of myc mRNA is changed in the RICs. (lu.se)
  • However, in contrast to prevailing views they co-occurred within the same promoter region: initiation originating from a focused PIC, and broad nucleosome-linked initiation. (nih.gov)
  • In an established line of rat fibroblasts (Rat-2), the more distal myc promoter (P2) is the preferred site of initiation. (lu.se)
  • We found that 40% of the transcripts were initiated from P1 and 30% from a novel promoter, designated P1a, located between P1 and P2. (lu.se)
  • Multiple transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene. (nih.gov)
  • Multiple alternatively spliced transcript variants have been found for this gene but only two transcripts are fully described. (antibodies-online.com)
  • Lama Zopa Rinpoche gave teachings and a Mitukpa initiation at Shakyamuni Center, Taichung, Taiwan, February 25-26, 2007. (lamayeshe.com)
  • Included here are excerpts from the teachings given before the initiation. (lamayeshe.com)
  • There were also some general teachings given during and after the initiation, but the recording was not clear enough to publish online. (lamayeshe.com)
  • Those teachings were able to be transcribed, though, and we have posted the edited version of the entire series (less the actual initiation) here . (lamayeshe.com)
  • Gelek Rimpoche's transcript Ganden Lhagyema, The Uncommon Teachings is the basis of the study group. (jewelheart.org)
  • In September 1979 Lama Yeshe conferred the Vajrayogini initiation and gave teachings on the tantric practice of Vajrayogini to a group of students preparing for retreat at Chenrezig Institute in Australia. (lamayeshe.com)
  • Recent studies suggest that initiation occurs surprisingly often in eukaryotes at Near Cognate Codons (NCCs), which differ from AUG by one nucleotide. (wikipedia.org)
  • Surprisingly, accurate detection of human mtDNA transcription initiation sites (TIS) in the heavy and light strands revealed a novel conserved transcription pausing site near the light strand TIS, upstream to the transcription-replication transition region. (biorxiv.org)
  • Surprisingly, m2 transcripts also accumulate in a pattern reminiscent of the transcript distribution of E(spl) bHLH genes, although there are no structural similarites with either the bHLH or the m4/malpha genes. (sdbonline.org)
  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes are long known to be co-transcribed in polycistrones, yet it remains impossible to study nascent mtDNA transcripts quantitatively in vivo using existing tools. (biorxiv.org)
  • To this end we used deep sequencing (GRO-seq and PRO-seq) and analyzed nascent mtDNA-encoded RNA transcripts in diverse human cell lines and metazoan organisms. (biorxiv.org)
  • Involved in translational initiation. (nih.gov)
  • The high frequency of multiple OIR sequences provides an opportunity to quantitatively investigate how the various formats of repair initiation are distributed in single- and multiple-OIR sequences, how they occur as first or subsequent, and whether they restore the progress of the conversation or are followed by another repair initiation. (degruyter.com)
  • In the majority of cases, Rf genes produce proteins that act directly on the CMS conferring mitochondrial transcripts by binding them specifically and promoting processing events. (frontiersin.org)
  • In the majority of cases, Rf genes produce proteins that bind specifically to the CMS conferring transcripts in the mitochondria and promote processing events leading to a strong reduction in the production of mitochondrial CMS-inducing proteins (reviewed in Chen and Liu, 2014 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • All three genes depend on Su(H) for initiation and/or maintenance of transcription. (sdbonline.org)
  • Despite extensive studies of specific genes that regulate this process, the global changes in transcript expression profiles at the point when a vegetative meristem transitions into an inflorescence have not been reported. (biomedcentral.com)
  • After flowering initiation, the action of LFY and AP1 , as well as CAULIFLOWER ( CAL ) results in the upregulation of genes that control floral organ identity [ 20 - 23 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Due to their role in translation initiation, mRNA 5′ transcript leaders (TLs) strongly influence protein expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, the cis-regulatory elements in TLs greatly influence translation initiation and ultimately protein expression. (wikipedia.org)
  • The number of copies of a protein produced by a cell is generally viewed as being determined by the number of mRNA transcripts, but recent findings suggest that 'specialised ribosomes' can modify proteome profiles by preferential translation of particular mRNA subsets, particularly in response to stress. (europa.eu)
  • E(spl) region transcript m4 ) m4 and malpha are structurally related, whilst m2 encodes a novel protein. (sdbonline.org)
  • Here, we draw upon studies that have shed light on the initiation and progression of islet autoimmunity from the point of view of the beta cell. (springer.com)
  • The complex anatomy of the male external genitalia influences the initiation and progression of Fournier gangrene. (medscape.com)
  • These examples from the model organism S. cerevisiae suggest that mRNA transcripts with alternative 5′ TLs may have a regulatory function in eukaryotes especially during events requiring proteome remodeling such as meiosis and stress responses. (wikipedia.org)
  • Contributes to translation initiation factor activity. (nih.gov)
  • Part of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex, eIF3m. (nih.gov)
  • Title: A genetic screen for maternal-effect suppressors of decapentaplegic identifies the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A in Drosophila. (genscript.com)
  • Despite previous observations of OIRs generally leading to restored progress after one single-repair initiation, data from a multiperson conversational corpus of Norwegian Sign Language (NTS) show that 68% of 112 individual repair initiations occur in multiple OIR sequences. (degruyter.com)
  • This article identifies three different trajectories of multiple OIR sequences in the NTS data, which are as follows: (1) a trouble source being targeted by more than one repair initiation, (2) the self-repair becomes a new trouble source, or (3) the repair initiation becomes a new trouble source. (degruyter.com)
  • The other question is how different formats of repair initiation are distributed in different sequential positions of single and multiple OIR sequences, employing categories such as first and subsequent cases (Rossi 2015 ) and "closing" and "nonclosing" cases. (degruyter.com)
  • Translation regulation by 5′ transcript leader cis-elements is a process in cellular translation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Conversely, downstream stem-loops may increase the probability of translation initiation at start codons with a weak Kozak context, possibly by blocking scanning. (wikipedia.org)
  • Homo sapiens kelch like family member 21 (KLHL21), transcript variant 1, mRNA. (ucsc.edu)
  • This complex recognizes the mRNA by interacting with initiation factors eIF4E bound to the 5' cap, and eIF4G bound to the poly(A) tail-binding proteins. (jove.com)
  • This is the first genome-wide transcript expression profiling of the earliest stages during embryo development in a Pinus species. (ugent.be)
  • These finding reveal a common core to pervasive Pol II initiation throughout the human genome. (nih.gov)
  • The highest number of DETs was detected during the initiation of the cleavage process. (ugent.be)
  • analysis of the interview transcripts was an iterative process conducted by all 3 authors. (cdc.gov)
  • Not all other-initiations of repair (OIR) are instantly followed by a functional self-repair that restores the progress of the conversation. (degruyter.com)
  • Here, we apply permanganate treatment and chromatin immunoprecipitation (PIP-seq) of initiation factors to identify the precise location of melted DNA separately associated with the pre-initiation complex (PIC) and the adjacent paused complex (PC). (nih.gov)
  • Talk about the positive effects of encounter groups, with the transcript testimony of participants. (bvsalud.org)
  • The first step in initiation is formation of the pre-initiation complex, 48S PIC. (wikipedia.org)
  • MIR-34A has its own transcript and is expressed at higher levels than MIR-34B/C in most tissues, and this expression could be dysregulated in multiple diseases, especially in cancers [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • GO enrichment analysis of transcripts up-regulated in embryos showed enrichment for different cellular processes, while those up-regulated in megagametophytes were enriched for accumulation of storage material and responses to stress. (ugent.be)
  • Transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. (who.int)
  • Research on other-initiation of repair (OIR), or the practices of dealing with trouble of perception and understanding in communication, has been conducted on various spoken languages since the seminal work of Jefferson ( 1972 ) and Schegloff et al. (degruyter.com)
  • In an initiation, a qualified Vajrayana teacher empowers a student to undertake certain practices. (lamayeshe.com)
  • In order to read books describing such practices, one needs to have received initiation into the particular tantric deity concerned. (lamayeshe.com)
  • Their sites of initiation are generally inferred from transcript 5' ends, and are thought to be either locally dispersed or focused. (nih.gov)
  • Please note: If you attended CCC prior to 2005, there may be a delay in processing your transcript order. (ccc.edu)