Initiation of chromosome replication. Medical search. Frequent questions

Tether-induced initiation blocking has no effect on elongation at pre-existing replication forks and does not cause cell or DNA damage. (nih.gov)
Chromosome replication is triggered when a nucleoprotein complex, termed the orisome, assembles, unwinds the duplex DNA, and recruits the proteins required to establish new replication forks. (mdpi.com)
After origin firing, bidirectional replication forks travel until they reach termination sites. (biomedcentral.com)
Treated cells exhibited increased levels of RNA:DNA hybrids at stalled forks and were unable to generate RPA-coated single-stranded (ssDNA), an important postreplicative intermediate in resuming replication. (bvsalud.org)
Taken together, these data indicate that RNA:DNA hybrids not only act as barriers to replication forks, but also interfere with postreplicative fork repair mechanisms if not promptly degraded by RNase H. (bvsalud.org)
Replication stress is an alteration in the progression of replication forks caused by a variety of events of endogenous or exogenous origin. (bvsalud.org)
In this review, we discuss how these different cotranscriptional processes disrupt the progression of replication forks and how they contribute to genetic instability in cancer cells. (bvsalud.org)
Due to the presence of just one replication origin in bacterial DNA, only two replication forks are generated during replication. (microbiologynote.com)
Both of these replication forks can move in either direction. (microbiologynote.com)
Noteworthy, was our demonstration that although termination of DNA replication did not require specific DNA sequences, some DNA sequences did promote pausing of DNA replication forks in vivo (and DNA polymerase in vitro), and some sequences, such as thosewithin the termination region for SV40 DNA replication, did promote formation of catenated intertwines during separation of sibling chromosomes. (nih.gov)
the region where replication forks terminate directs the mode of separation for the two sibling molecules. (nih.gov)
Of particular importance were our studies on DNA replication forks. (nih.gov)
We demonstrated that DNA synthesis occurs discontinuously only on one arm of replication forks (the arm where the direction of synthesis is opposite to the direction of fork movement) through the repeated initiation, synthesis and joining of Okazaki fragments (transient nascent DNA chains of 40 to 300 nucleotides). (nih.gov)
His lab studies how the replisome interacts with DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint machinery, how initiation of replication is directed by nucleosomes, and how replication forks perform nucleosome inheritance, the process by which nucleosomes (the fundamental structural unit of chromosomal DNA) are passed down from parental to daughter DNA during replication. (rockefeller.edu)

The GINS (named from the Japanese go-ichi-ni-san, meaning 5-1-2-3 for the Sld5, Psf1, Psf2, and Psf3 subunits) complex is involved in both initiation and elongation stages of eukaryotic chromosome replication, with GINS being the component that most likely serves as the replicative helicase that unwinds duplex DNA ahead of the moving replication fork. (nih.gov)
The origin recognition complex (ORC) is essential for initiation of eukaryotic chromosome replication as it loads the replicative helicase-the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex-at replication origins 1 . (nature.com)
The DBF4-dependent kinase (DDK) composed of CDC7 kinase and its regulatory subunit DBF4, which is required for CDC7 kinase activity, is a critical regulator of DNA replication by catalyzing MCM helicase (MCM2-7) (Fig. 1 A) [ 6 , 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Om de replicatie te beginnen, wikkelt een enzym, helicase, de DNA-helix af en verbreekt de waterstofbruggen tussen de twee strengen. (jove.com)
Acts as component of the MCM2-7 complex (MCM complex) which is the putative replicative helicase essential for 'once per cell cycle' DNA replication initiation and elongation in eukaryotic cells. (nih.gov)
DNA helicase, by severing hydrogen bonds between the nucleic acid's nitrogenous bases, unwinds the DNA at the replication origin. (microbiologynote.com)
DNA helicase and SSBs work together at both replication origins to unwind and stabilise the two templates. (microbiologynote.com)
Replication fork activation is enabled by a single-stranded DNA gate in CMG helicase. (rockefeller.edu)

Prokaryotic DNA Replication is the process by which a prokaryote duplicates its DNA into another copy that is passed on to daughter cells. (wikipedia.org)
Although eukaryotic and prokaryotic DNA replication share a similar underlying mechanism, there are notable distinctions due to the larger size and more complex structure of eukaryotic DNA. (microbiologynote.com)
Similar to prokaryotic DNA replication, both the leading and lagging strands are generated. (microbiologynote.com)

We report that a localized inducible protein tether between the chromosome and cell membrane in E. coli cells imparts a rapid and complete block to replication initiation. (nih.gov)
Bacterial origins regulate orisome assembly, a nuclei-protein complex assembled on the origin responsible for unwinding the origin and loading all the replication machinery. (wikipedia.org)
In E. coli, the direction for orisome assembly are built into a short stretch of nucleotide sequence called as origin of replication (oriC) which contains multiple binding sites for the initiator protein DnaA (a highly homologous protein amongst bacterial kingdom). (wikipedia.org)
A few other mechanisms in E. coli that variously regulate initiation are DDAH (datA-Dependent DnaA Hydrolysis, which is also regulated by IHF), inhibition of the dnaA gene (by the SeqA protein), and reactivation of DnaA by the lipid membrane. (wikipedia.org)
This study developed a comprehensive approach that combines cytological mapping data of FlyBase-annotated genes and novel tools for predicting cytogenetic features of chromosomes on the basis of their protein composition and determined the genomic coordinates for all black bands of polytene chromosome 2R. (sdbonline.org)
demonstrated the selectivity of this condensate by showing that it denied entry to a protein that can form other biomolecular condensates but is not involved in initiating DNA replication. (elifesciences.org)
As originally proposed in 1963, cells rely on two genetic elements to duplicate their genome: the replicator, a DNA region where replication begins (now named the replication origin), and the initiator, a protein or a protein complex that recognizes the replicator [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
These studies have revealed the importance of a protein known as DNaA in the replication of E. coli . (pathogens.se)
The protein encoded by this gene is one of the highly conserved mini-chromosome maintenance proteins (MCM) that are essential for the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. (nih.gov)
Introduction Telomeres, the protective DNA-protein complexes at the end of chromosomes, are required for DNA replication and to protect chromosomes from nuclease degradation, end-to-end fusion, and the initiation of cellular senescence. (lmreview.com)
MCM2 a mini-chromosome maintenance protein, essential for the initiation of eukaryotic genome replication. (affbiotech.com)
In eukaryotes, the enzyme responsible for unzipping DNA duplex during replication was originally identified as the minichromosome maintenance protein complex (MCM) genes from wine brewing yeast by our collaborator Professor TYE Bik-Kwoon at Cornell University in 1983. (sflorg.com)
A DNA replication initiator protein, DnaA, formed stable complexes at eight intergenic regions on the B. subtilis genome. (elsevierpure.com)

Obviously, the initiation of chromosome replication is essential to bacterial reproduction, but this process is not inhibited by any of the currently-used antimicrobial agents. (mdpi.com)
Chromids, formerly (and less specifically) secondary chromosomes, are a class of bacterial replicons (replicating DNA molecules). (wikipedia.org)
Bacterial genomes divided between a main chromosome and one or more chromids (and / or megaplasmids) are said to be divided or multipartite genomes. (wikipedia.org)
The first example of this was Rhodobacter sphaeroides in 1989, but additional discoveries quickly followed with Brucella melitensis in 1993, Burkholderia cepacia complex in 1994, Rhizobium meliloti in 1995, Bacillus thuringiensis in 1996, and now about 10% of bacterial species are known to have large replicons that are separate from the main chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
Fast division makes replication coordination extra challenging, especially in cases when the bacterial generation times are shorter than the time it takes to replicate the chromosome. (pathogens.se)
Bacterial genomes generally contain a single chromosome and one or more extrachromosal elements such as plasmids. (pasteur.fr)
The initiation of bacterial chromosome. (pasteur.fr)

Fig. 1: ORC is a master regulator of nucleosome organization at origins of replication. (nature.com)
Replication of genomes: origins of replication, control of DNA replication. (manchester.ac.uk)
DNA replication in prokaryotes takes place at a single origin of replication, whereas in eukaryotes it takes place at multiple origins of replication. (microbiologynote.com)

It consists of three steps: Initiation, elongation, and termination. (wikipedia.org)
There are three stages of DNA replication: initiation, elongation, and termination. (microbiologynote.com)

Studies the molecular mechanisms of DNA replication, recombination, and repair. (rockefeller.edu)

Early on, it was thought that all core genes could be found on the main chromosome of the bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
However, in 1989 a replicon (now known as a chromid) was discovered containing core genes outside of the main chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
All known bacteria had circular chromosomes containing all the crucial genes. (wikipedia.org)
chromids carry core genes that are found on the chromosome in other species. (wikipedia.org)
These findings suggest a scenario where collisions between DNA replication and transcription are frequent, leading to increased genetic variability, as seen by the increase SNP levels at chromosome subtelomeres and in DGF-1 genes containing putative origins. (biomedcentral.com)
In fact, amplification of genes by over replication of certain regions of DNA is one of the primary mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to drug therapy. (nih.gov)
We have established an extensive genome instability gene catalog in yeast that provides a resource to identify cross-species, candidate human genes that are somatically mutated and could cause chromosome instability (CIN) in cancer. (ubc.ca)
Our functional studies of selected CIN genes in yeast have elucidated mechanistic insights into various aspects of the chromosome cycle, including sister chromatid cohesion, kinetochores, DNA replication and repair, and cell cycle checkpoints. (ubc.ca)

Chromosomal mutations: changes in chromosome number or structure. (manchester.ac.uk)
The initiation of DNA replication in metazoans occurs at thousands of chromosomal sites known as origins. (elsevierpure.com)

Each cell carries roughly 2 meters of DNA organized into 23 pairs of chromosomes. (sflorg.com)
23 pairs of chromosomes. (cdc.gov)

DNA replication in trypanosomatids operates in a uniquely challenging environment, since most of their genomes are constitutively transcribed. (biomedcentral.com)
In the past, our research focused on viral genomes as models for DNA replication in mammalian cell nuclei. (nih.gov)

Soon after, bacteria with several large replicons were discovered, leading to the view that bacteria, just like eukaryotes, can have a genome made up of more than one chromosome. (wikipedia.org)
In all other eukaryotes, clear consensus sequences for origins are elusive, perhaps indicating there are no cis elements to initiate replication in most of these cells and organisms. (biomedcentral.com)
Before the nuclear division in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, DNA replication takes place. (microbiologynote.com)
Eukaryotes and higher in the newly formed duplex prokaryotic organisms follow a specialized model or synthesis known as the semi-conservative in the newly formed duplex mode of replication. (geneticeducation.co.in)
The process of DNA replication is best explained using the E Coli model organism for both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. (geneticeducation.co.in)

Media conditions that support fast growth in bacteria also couples with shorter inter-initiation time in them, i.e. the doubling time in fast growing cells is less as compared to the slow growth. (wikipedia.org)
Chromosome replication in bacteria is regulated at the initiation stage. (wikipedia.org)
This means that bacteria must have two complete copies of their chromosome ready before cell division, but still keep the ratio between the number of chromosome copies and cell divisions constant. (pathogens.se)
For example, recent studies have used high-throughput microscopy to observe ongoing cell replication in bacteria on a single-cell level. (pathogens.se)
In conclusion, this study is one of the largest efforts to date to elucidate replication initiation in bacteria. (pathogens.se)
DNA replication in prokaryotes, such as bacteria and archaea, is the process by which the genome is copied so that a daughter cell can be created. (microbiologynote.com)
Segregation of chromosomes and plasmids is achieved while they are being replicated by using the Par system in some bacteria such as the budding bacteria Caulobacter crescentus , as illustrated in Figure 2.1 . (hideyuki-ts.com)
Combining time-lapse fluorescent microscopy, mathematical modeling, molecular genetics and biochemical approaches, Liao and Rust were able to track DNA replication initiation, completion, and failures in bacteria exposed to different illumination patterns, including constant light , normal light/dark cycles and cycles with unexpected periods of darkness. (phys.org)

Meanwhile, several other proteins interact directly with the oriC sequence to regulate initiation, usually by inhibition. (wikipedia.org)
Later, in the S phase of the cell cycle, other proteins assemble onto the complex, converting the Mcm2-7 hexamers into helicases that unwind the DNA for replication ( Figure 1D ). (elifesciences.org)
Mcm2-7 hexamers loaded on the DNA can then interact with other proteins (orange and yellow) to form helicases that unwind the DNA during replication. (elifesciences.org)
The two unwound strands that will be used as replication templates are stabilised by single-strand DNA-binding (SSB) proteins. (microbiologynote.com)
popZ proteins anchors the chromosome at its parS sequence (near oriC ) to the old pole, which is mediated by parB. (hideyuki-ts.com)
The duplication of chromosomes and the regulation of their replication and repair requires dozens of proteins acting together to maintain the duplex DNA genome. (rockefeller.edu)

Morphologically, polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster consist of compact "black" bands alternating with less compact "grey" bands and interbands. (sdbonline.org)
The results allowed comparison of replication timing between polytene chromosomes in salivary glands and chromosomes from cultured diploid cell lines and to observe a substantial similarity in the global replication patterns at the band resolution level. (sdbonline.org)
In conclusion, the characteristic pattern of polytene chromosomes reflects partitioning of the Drosophila genome into two global types of domains with contrasting properties. (sdbonline.org)
It also has enormous polytene chromosomes in the salivary glands of larvae that are even bigger than those of Drosophila and were used to develop the method of in situ hybridization. (newswise.com)

Once priming is complete, DNA polymerase III holoenzyme is loaded into the DNA and replication begins. (wikipedia.org)
Verwijder na de synthese van de nieuwe strengen, RNase H of aanvullende varianten van DNA-polymerase, de primers en synthetiseer DNA in hun plaats. (jove.com)
DNA polymerase III is responsible for both the initiation and the elongation phases of DNA replication in prokaryotes. (microbiologynote.com)
Eukaryotic DNA replication requires the actions of three distinct DNA polymerases: DNA polymerase,, and. (microbiologynote.com)
DNA replication is started by DNA polymerase, whereas DNA polymerases and participate in replication elongation. (microbiologynote.com)
The in vivo process of copying or synthesizing the DNA using the DNA polymerase is known as replication. (geneticeducation.co.in)
Tunability of DNA polymerase stability during eukaryotic DNA replication. (rockefeller.edu)

Allows DNA to undergo a single round of replication per cell cycle. (affbiotech.com)
Its inactivation upon initiation of replication ensures one round of replication per cell cycle 1 . (hideyuki-ts.com)

Parallels between tether-induced initiation blocking and rifampicin treatment and the role of programmed changes in chromosome structure in replication control are discussed. (nih.gov)

These replicons are called "chromids" because they have characteristic features of both chromosomes and plasmids. (wikipedia.org)
Instead, they use the replication system of plasmids. (wikipedia.org)
Linear chromosomes and linear plasmids were discovered in a number of species. (wikipedia.org)
Previous terms, such as "secondary chromosome", are considered inadequate upon the observation that these replicons contain the replication systems of plasmids and so are a fundamentally different class of replicons than chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)

In archaeal DNA replication initiation, homo-hexameric MCM (mini-chromosome maintenance) unwinds the template double-stranded DNA to form the replication fork. (nih.gov)
After replication, each double-stranded DNA includes one parental or "old" strand and one "new" strand. (jove.com)
DNA is double-stranded, we all know, in this mode of replication, when two strands separate, each work as a template for replication to occur. (geneticeducation.co.in)

Fig. 4: Chromatin defects due to Orc1 mutations correlate with replication defects. (nature.com)
To understand how DNA replication occurs in the context of such organization, we have performed genome-wide mapping of the binding sites of the replication initiator ORC1/CDC6 and have identified replication origins, revealing that both localize to the boundaries of the transcription units. (ox.ac.uk)
We show that replication and transcription in T. brucei have a profound functional overlap, as reducing ORC1/CDC6 levels leads to genome-wide increases in mRNA levels arising from the boundaries of the transcription units. (ox.ac.uk)

Our analyses also show that initiation of DNA synthesis takes place precisely at 160 bp (Drosophila) and 280 bp (mouse) from the OGRE. (crcm-marseille.fr)
We also found that in most CpG islands, an OGRE is positioned in opposite orientation on each of the two DNA strands and detected two sites of initiation of DNA synthesis upstream or downstream of each OGRE. (crcm-marseille.fr)
The results showed that DnaA synthesis is not a requirement for triggering accurate initiation of replication. (pathogens.se)

DNA methylation in prokaryotes plays a significant role in the regulation of transcription, the initiation of replication and in Dam-directed mismatch repair. (archive.org)

Before a cell divides, the eukaryotic genome undergoes a process called DNA replication. (microbiologynote.com)

Genome replication is responsible for accurate transmission of genetic information through cell division cycles. (biomedcentral.com)
In precancerous lesions, this stress is exacerbated by the deregulation of oncogenic pathways, which notably disrupts the coordination between replication and transcription, and leads to genetic instability and cancer development. (bvsalud.org)
DNA replication guarantees that each daughter cell inherits an identical set of genetic information from its parent cells. (microbiologynote.com)
Our general approach is to develop and apply genetic and biochemical methodologies in the model organism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (bakers yeast), to obtain an understanding of molecular components required for chromosome transmission, with the overarching goal of relating our work in yeast to human cancer. (ubc.ca)
By definition, mutations that cause CIN in cancer cells produce "sub-lethal" deficiencies in an essential cellular process (chromosome maintenance) and therefore may represent genetic vulnerabilities in tumor cells that could be exploited for therapeutic benefit in the treatment of cancer. (ubc.ca)

Berbenetz, N. M., Nislow, C. & Brown, G. W. Diversity of eukaryotic DNA replication origins revealed by genome-wide analysis of chromatin structure. (nature.com)
Nieduszynski, C. A., Knox, Y. & Donaldson, A. D. Genome-wide identification of replication origins in yeast by comparative genomics. (nature.com)
RIP mapping originated the now popular use of λ-exonuclease to enrich nascent DNA, and is a foundation for genome-wide replication origin mapping. (newswise.com)
Genome-wide analysis reveals extensive functional interaction between DNA replication initiation and transcription in the genome of Trypanosoma brucei. (ox.ac.uk)

Replication is bi-directional and originates at a single origin of replication (OriC). (wikipedia.org)

Collision between replication and transcription is considered especially problematic, as each are catalyzed by large multiprotein machines, and can occur co-directionally, when the replication fork and transcription machinery are moving in the same direction, or on the leading strand and is head-on, when the fork and transcription are moving towards each other. (biomedcentral.com)
The replisome can be described as the multiprotein molecular machinery responsible for the replication of DNA. (pathogens.se)
the replication machinery disassembles, leaving cells with incomplete chromosomes. (phys.org)
If the clock is in the wrong state, it's the difference between completing the replication event, or the replication machinery falling apart completely. (phys.org)
Here, we report that the replication initiation machinery of D. melanogaster unexpectedly undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) upon binding DNA in vitro. (elsevierpure.com)

This partitioning is conserved in different tissues and determines replication timing in Drosophila. (sdbonline.org)
The PLU gene product controls DNA replication early in Drosophila development. (sdbonline.org)
Here, we describe additional bioinformatic analyses showing that the previously identified GC-rich sequence elements form origin G-rich repeated elements (OGREs) that are present in 67% to 90% of the DNA replication origins from Drosophila to human cells, respectively. (crcm-marseille.fr)

It is now well established that transcription can interfere with genome replication in different ways, such as head-on collisions between polymerases, accumulation of positive DNA supercoils or formation of R-loops. (bvsalud.org)
Wide-spread transcription can interfere with other processes, and transcription-replication conflicts (TRCs) threaten genome stability. (bvsalud.org)
2) What are the requirements for DNA replication and transcription at the beginning of mammalian development? (nih.gov)
Transcription of the Trypanosoma brucei genome is highly unusual, with each chromosome comprising a few discrete transcription units. (ox.ac.uk)

These mutations impaired replication through chromatin in vitro and were lethal in vivo. (nature.com)
null alleles are strict maternal effect mutations, and the phenotype of inappropriate DNA replication is the consequence of loss-of-gene function. (sdbonline.org)
Thus, mutations that cause genome instability are considered important predisposing events that contribute to the initiation and/or progression of cancer. (ubc.ca)

B ) During the G1 phase of the cell cycle intrinsically disordered regions (IDR) in the origin of replication complex (ORC), Cdc6 and Cdt1 bind a DNA molecule to form a biomolecular condensate. (elifesciences.org)

We found that while RNase H-deficient cells could replicate their chromosomes normally under unchallenged growth conditions, their replication was impaired when exposed to hydroxyurea (HU) or methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). (bvsalud.org)
each chromosome should, on average, replicate once per generation. (pathogens.se)
But DNA replication takes three to four hours to replicate the entire genome, so there's a fundamental need to predict the future. (phys.org)

We used isolated nuclei from virus infected cells supplemented with cytoplasm, and discovered that viral replicating chromosomes could continue replication in the absence of a nucleus. (nih.gov)
Each cell (except for red blood cells) contains a nucleus that houses these chromosomes. (cdc.gov)
Although most DNA is packaged in chromosomes within the nucleus (nuclear DNA), mitochondria also have a small amount of their own DNA, called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA. (medlineplus.gov)

In the course of her research on DNA replication and amplification, Gerbi has helped develop techniques for mapping replication origins, genome sequencing, and whole organism transformations. (newswise.com)

Sciara has several unique biological properties that make it an excellent model, particularly their monopolar spindle in meiosis and chromosome movement, including non-disjunction during meiosis and chromosome elimination in the early embryo. (newswise.com)

There are 11 DnaA binding sites/boxes on the E. coli origin of replication out of which three boxes R1, R2 and R4 (which have a highly conserved 9 bp consensus sequence 5' - TTATC/ACACA ) are high affinity DnaA boxes. (wikipedia.org)
Whilst traditional methods of genetics and molecular biology have been essential for elucidating parts of the E. coli replication processes, advances in microscopy have allowed for more insights into the phenotypic outcome that the interactions between these parts should accomplish. (pathogens.se)
In a recent article in PNAS, researchers from Uppsala University and Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Sweden, (First authors: Anna Knöppel and Oscar Broström, Corresponding authors: Johan Elf and David Fange) used high-throughput fluorescence microscopy to study the coordination of replication and division cycles in E.coli . (pathogens.se)
By systematically exploring the replication-initiation control, the researchers aimed to find the most likely replication initiation model used in E. coli . (pathogens.se)
In order to compare how important different parts implicated in replication control are in E. coli replication, the researchers tracked the fluorescently labeled replisomes in individual cells through thousands of division cycles in the wild-type and mutant strains, thereby gaining knowledge of the importance of each regulator. (pathogens.se)
Chromosome replication is principally regulated by DnaA in E. coli . (hideyuki-ts.com)
The mechanism of chromosome segregation in E. coli , which lacks Par, is not well characterised. (hideyuki-ts.com)
Research from O'Donnell's lab has provided an overview of how the replication machine, or replisome, functions in Escherichia coli , yeast, and humans. (rockefeller.edu)

R-loops represent a major source of replication stress, but the mechanism by which these structures impede fork progression remains unclear. (bvsalud.org)
Scientists from The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), The University of Hong Kong (HKU) and Institut Curie, France have jointly uncovered a new mechanism of the human MCM2-7 complex in regulating replication initiation, which can be used as a novel and effective anticancer strategy with the potential for selective killing of cancer cells. (sflorg.com)
The atomic-resolution cryo-EM structures enabled direct visualization of the initial DNA melting, which is crucial for us to understand the molecular mechanism of DNA replication,' said Dr DANG Shangyu, Assistant Professor of Division of Life Science, HKUST, 'This study also demonstrates the importance of collaboration. (sflorg.com)

DnaA initiates replication by binding its active, GTP-bound form (DnaA-ATP) to OriC . (hideyuki-ts.com)
These findings suggest that DnaA plays several additional roles, such as control of the level of effective initiator, ATP-DnaA, and/or stabilization of the domain structure of the genome around oriC for the proper initiation of chromosome replication. (elsevierpure.com)

Gerbi has promoted the use of the fly Sciara coprophila as a model organism for studying chromosomes and DNA replication. (newswise.com)

DNA replication involves the separation of the two strands of the double helix, with each strand serving as a template from which the new complementary strand is copied. (jove.com)
Short DNA fragments facilitate replication on lagging strands. (geneticeducation.co.in)
The replication process requires the DNA duplex to be first melted and then separated into two single-stranded templates for DNA polymerases to synthesize as complement strands. (sflorg.com)

Among the DnaA-ATP/ADP conversion mechanisms tested, deletion of the regulatory inactivation of DnaA (RIDA) was found to have the most severe impact on replication initiation. (pathogens.se)

This article is a brief overview of how replication occurs in a cell. (geneticeducation.co.in)
Replication occurs in fragments. (geneticeducation.co.in)
Put simply, replication occurs during cell division. (geneticeducation.co.in)

The Gerbi lab developed the method of Replication Initiation Point (RIP) mapping to map replication origins to the nucleotide level, improving resolution by two orders of magnitude. (newswise.com)

Gene expression patterns, assayed by RNA sequencing, show that tethering induces global supercoiling changes, which are likely incompatible with replication initiation. (nih.gov)

It seemed like maybe this process would use circadian rhythms to 'predict' the right time to start replication to ensure that it finishes during an optimal window of time. (phys.org)

However, a number of key research questions are yet to be addressed, e.g. how the cell decides it's time to initiate replication. (pathogens.se)

Although replication progression is different for each strand. (geneticeducation.co.in)

DNA replication: semi-conservative replication, DNA polymerases, events at the replication form, replication of the lagging strand, telomeres, consequences of defects in telomerase. (manchester.ac.uk)
In both prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA replications, one old and one new strand are present in the daughter cell, making them semi-conservative DNA replications. (microbiologynote.com)
Replication stops when the leading strand of one replication bubble collides with the trailing strand of another replication bubble. (microbiologynote.com)

Kornberg, R. D. & Lorch, Y. Twenty-five years of the nucleosome, fundamental particle of the eukaryote chromosome. (nature.com)

DNA polymerases I, II, and III are all essential for DNA replication in prokaryotes. (microbiologynote.com)

New insights into replication origin characteristics in metazoans. (crcm-marseille.fr)

Meselson M and Stahl F have explained the semiconservative nature of replication in 1985. (geneticeducation.co.in)

Our results establish that ORC, in addition to its canonical role as the MCM loader, has a second crucial function as a master regulator of nucleosome organization at the replication origin, a crucial prerequisite for efficient chromosome replication. (nature.com)
DNA replication is a prerequisite for cell division in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. (microbiologynote.com)

Although it has been recognized for several decades that chromosome structure regulates the capacity of replication origins to initiate, very little is known about how or if cells actively regulate structure to direct initiation. (nih.gov)
Initiator IDRs are shown to regulate multiple functions, including chromosome recruitment, initiator-specific co-assembly, and McM2-7 loading. (elsevierpure.com)

Whole-genome and site-specific fluorescent DNA labeling in tethered cells indicates that global nucleoid structure and chromosome organization are disrupted. (nih.gov)
All cells must finish DNA replication before they can proceed for cell division. (wikipedia.org)
Motile, piliated swarmer cells differentiate into stalked cells at the G1-S transition by shedding their polar flagellum, growing a stalk at that site, losing the polar pili, and initiating DNA replication. (harvard.edu)
Circles and "theta" structures in the cells represent quiescent and replicating chromosomes, respectively. (harvard.edu)
CtrA is present in the shaded cells, where it represses DNA replication initiation and is cleared by proteolysis during the swarmer cell-stalked cell (G1-S) transition. (harvard.edu)
According to the usage, origins have been classified as constitutive (fired at same position in different cells of a population), flexible (fired stochastically in different cells) and dormant (fired as consequence of replication stress) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
My laboratory has developed new technologies and applied them towards understanding the molecular biology and enzymology of DNA replication in animal cells and viruses (SV40, polyomavirus, papillomavirus, and herpes simplex virus), and at the beginning of animal development (mouse preimplantation embryos and frog eggs). (nih.gov)
Our current research now focuses on two basic, interrelated questions: (1) How do mammalian cells decide where and when to initiate DNA replication? (nih.gov)
Drugs that block DNA replication can arrest the spread of cancer cells and eliminate viral pathogens. (nih.gov)
Therefore, the overall goal of our work is to discover how DNA replication is regulated both in the large chromosomes of cells and in the "mini-chromosomes" of viruses and small extrachromosomal DNA molecules. (nih.gov)
The left panel shows aborted replication activity in misaligned cells in the dark. (phys.org)
In cells, to initiate DNA replication, MCM2-7 complex must be first assembled into a head-to-head double hexamer (DH) encircling duplex DNA at thousands of places along each chromosome. (sflorg.com)
The team employs strategies such as super resolution microscopy to observe individual replisomes in real time during DNA replication in living cells, and cryo-electron microscopy of DNA-replisome and other replisome-associated complexes. (rockefeller.edu)

Solving the structures of replication machines is central to inform their molecular functions as seeing is believing. (sflorg.com)

Replication is an enzyme governed process, in which new DNA molecule is formed by the process of semi-conservative DNA replication. (geneticeducation.co.in)

Despite the large evolutionary gap between humans and cyanobacteria, these tiny organisms can provide insights into critical cellular functions such as DNA replication . (phys.org)
These studies can be expected to provide new insights into eukaryotic replication, repair, and epigenetic inheritance. (rockefeller.edu)

DNA replication is the biological process whereby two identical copies of DNA are synthesised from a single DNA molecule . (microbiologynote.com)

DNA replication is the primary event that regulates cellular and viral proliferation. (nih.gov)

We were among the first to develop and exploit sub-cellular systems that allowed SV40 and polyomavirus to complete DNA replication in vitro. (nih.gov)

The initiator biomolecular condensate is required for DNA replication to start, an important step in the cell cycle. (elifesciences.org)
GSEA suggested that both DBF4 and CDC7 were positively correlated with cell cycle and DNA replication. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy58

Organisms12

Diseases15

Chemicals and Drugs67

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment24

Phenomena and Processes148

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science4

Health Care1

Forks14

Helicase8

Prokaryotic DNA Replica3

Protein13

Bacterial7

Origins of replicat3

Termination2

Recombination1

Genes8

Chromosomal2

Pairs of chromosomes2

Genomes2

Eukaryotes5

Bacteria8

Proteins6

Polytene chromosomes4

Polymerase7

Round of replication per cell cycle2

Changes in chromosome1

Plasmids4

Double-stranded3

ORC13

Synthesis3

Regulation1

Eukaryotic genome1

Genetic5

Genome-wide4

Single origin of replicat1

Machinery5

Drosophila3

Transcription4

Mutations3

Cdc61

Replicate3

Nucleus3

Mapping replication origins1

Early embryo1

Coli8

Mechanism3

OriC2

Model organism1

Strands3

DnaA-ATP1

Occurs3

Nucleotide1

Gene1

Start replication1

Initiate replication1

Progression1

Strand3

Eukaryote1

Polymerases1

Metazoans1

Semiconservative1

Prerequisite2

Regulate2

Cells13

Molecular1

Semi-conservative1

Insights2

Molecule1

Regulates1

Cellular1

Cell cycle2