• JAM3 knockdown additionally inhibited trophoblast proliferation and increased the number of trophoblasts in the sub-G1 and G2/M phases, indicating cell-cycle disturbance and apoptosis. (bioone.org)
  • The SignalStain ® Proliferation/Apoptosis IHC Sampler Kit from Cell Signaling Technology allows the researcher to examine paraffin-embedded tissues or cells with antibodies that will detect cellular apoptosis or proliferation. (cellsignal.com)
  • It inhibits cytokine production and cell proliferation/differentiation in various immune cells. (uwo.ca)
  • This study demonstrated that modulation of PI3K/Akt/GSK3 signaling cascades can be beneficial for protecting or facilitating recovery from cellular LeTx intoxication in cells that depend on basal MEK1 activity for proliferation. (uwo.ca)
  • This reduced ability to arrest proliferation was found to be due to an impaired ability to downregulate cyclin D1, a key gatekeeper of the G1/S checkpoint. (tmc.edu)
  • These findings indicate that pancreatic cancer cells have increased tolerance for elevated ER stress compared to normal cells, and this tolerance results in continued tumor cell proliferation under proteotoxic conditions. (tmc.edu)
  • PD-1 expression by cancer cells blocks the proliferation of T-cells. (shu.edu)
  • P15 INK4 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclind-CDK4,6, inhibiting it from hypophosphorylating Rb, thereby, rendering the cell cycle unresponsive to external proliferation signals. (shu.edu)
  • Taken together, our results suggested that decreased LAPTM5 inhibited proliferation and viability, as well as induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest possibly via deactivation of ERK1/2 and p38 in BCa cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, previous studies suggested that knockdown of LAPTM4B , another important subtype of the LAPTM family inhibited proliferation of hepatocellular carcinoma ( 11 ), prostate ( 12 ) and breast cancer cells ( 13 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Rb is able to suppress cell proliferation by binding to the E2F family of transcription factors, inhibiting its ability to activate transcription of genes necessary for cell cycle progression. (utrgv.edu)
  • To prevent hyper-proliferation, aberrant cells can be eliminated through apoptosis. (utrgv.edu)
  • Immunohistochemical analysis of paired tumor biopsies revealed increased nuclear accumulation of tumor suppressor proteins (TSPs), decreased cell proliferation, and increased tumor cell apoptosis after treatment. (karyopharm.com)
  • The article also underscores the various possible mechanisms by which honey may inhibit growth and proliferation of tumors or cancers. (mdpi.com)
  • Cell viability, proliferation, DNA damage response and apoptosis were investigated using immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting. (bmj.com)
  • Results Gemcitabine treatment caused DNA damage, cellular stress, inhibited proliferation and activated cell cycle check-point sensors and induced apoptosis as shown by increased expression of g-histone H2AX, p-JNK, Chk-1/Chk-2, cleaved forms of PARP and caspase-3 in the asynchronous cells in a dose dependent manner. (bmj.com)
  • As a result, the proliferation and in vitro AMH and oestrogen production of the cells were decreased at post-exposure 24h. (bmj.com)
  • In the cells synchronized at S phase gemcitabine significantly inhibited DNA synthesis and blocked their proliferation. (bmj.com)
  • One factor supposed to be involved in self-renewal is the rapid proliferation rate of ES cells, which is coupled to an unusual cell cycle distribution with the majority of cells in S-phase and a very short G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Generally, cells have to closely coordinate growth and cell cycle progression during proliferation to prevent premature division. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Moreover, a putative crosstalk between ribosome biogenesis and proliferation of ES cells was assessed. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Further, impaired proliferation of ES cells was observed. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Thus, the PeBoW-complex seems to be an essential factor for the rapid proliferation of ES cells and might therefore also be involved in self-renewal. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Overall, the results suggest that ES cells use different mechanisms as mature cells to coordinate their proliferation rate with ribosome biogenesis. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes, whose products normally provide negative control of cell proliferation, contributes to malignant transformation in various cell types. (medscape.com)
  • Cell proliferation involves the replication of all cellular contents with the required energy for this to happen. (hindawi.com)
  • To prevent aberrant cell proliferation, these pathways are tightly regulated. (hindawi.com)
  • This activation is necessary for both cell proliferation as well as glucose uptake and use. (hindawi.com)
  • Blocking ROS generation by N -acetyl cysteine protects the cells from DIM-mediated G 2 /M arrest and apoptosis. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Wu X, Song M, Qiu P, Li F, Wang M, Zheng J, Wang Q, Xu F, Xiao H. A metabolite of nobiletin, 4'-demethylnobiletin and atorvastatin synergistically inhibits human colon cancer cell growth by inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (umassmed.edu)
  • Selinexor inhibits XPO1, resulting in the accumulation of TSPs and other key mediators in the nucleus, restoring cell-cycle checkpoints and inducing growth arrest and apoptosis in malignant cells. (karyopharm.com)
  • SFN induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells, inhibits tubulin polymerization, activates checkpoint 2 kinase, and inhibits histone deacetylase activity. (sproutnet.com)
  • Nuclear localization of c Abl typically takes place in response to tension or overexpression and results in progress inhibitory functions, such as cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
  • When a cell is exposed to ionizing radiation, its chromatin can be damaged with DSB, triggering the DDR which starts with the MRN complex recruiting ATM kinase to the exposed H2AX histones on the damaged DNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cell-cycle arrest was associated with the engagement of checkpoint kinase 2-cell division cycle 25C-cyclin-dependent kinase 1/cyclin B1 signaling. (bioone.org)
  • Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR), the apical kinase of the intra-S-phase DNA damage response, plays a central role in safeguarding cells from replication stress and can therefore limit the efficacy of antimetabolite drug therapies. (nih.gov)
  • G 2 /M arrest was associated with DNA damage as indicated by phosphorylation of H 2 A.X at Ser139 and activation of checkpoint kinase 2 (Chk2) in all the three cell lines. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In human monocytic cell lines U-937 and THP-1, LeTx induced cell cycle arrest in Go-Gi phase by rapid down-regulation of cyclin D1/D2 and checkpoint kinase 1 through MEK1 inhibition. (uwo.ca)
  • The focus of this study is the role of protein kinase Chk1 and the phosphatase Cdc25A in the DNA replication checkpoint. (vt.edu)
  • The WEE-1 kinase is a key regulator of several cell cycle checkpoints including G2/M. WEE-1 inhibition can force cells in a state of arrest to continue the cell cycle, ultimately leading to cell death. (almacgroup.com)
  • p27 is a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that blocks the activity of Cyclin E-CDK2, which phosphorylates pRb, thereby ushering the cell from G1 into S phase through the Restriction point (Figure 2). (shu.edu)
  • The cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors p21 and p16 inhibit the activity of CDKs, such as CDK4. (medscape.com)
  • Another important class of tumor suppressor genes involved in cell cycle control and in the generation of human cancers is the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors. (medscape.com)
  • 4, Cell cycle regulators mediate progression through the cell cycle {e.g., cyctin and cyclin-dependent kinase). (ctsqena.com)
  • Furthermore, HIF-1 actively limits the mitochondrial consumption of pyruvate at two levels: (i) through the enzyme PDK (PDH-kinase), which in turn inhibits PDH activity preventing the conversion of pyruvate into acetyl CoA, and thereby limiting mitochondrial metabolism of pyruvate [ 6 ] and (ii) through the direct activation of LDH [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • The MDC1 gene encodes the MDC1 nuclear protein which is part of the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway, the mechanism through which eukaryotic cells respond to damaged DNA, specifically DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) that are caused by ionizing radiation or chemical clastogens. (wikipedia.org)
  • Bufalin induces G0/G1 phase arrest through inhibiting the levels of cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK2 and CDK4, and triggers apoptosis via mitochondrial signaling pathway in T24 human bladder cancer cells. (umassmed.edu)
  • However, THP-1 cells adaptively adjusted to LeTx and overrode cell cycle arrest by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. (uwo.ca)
  • Thus, PD-1 targets Ras and PI3K/Akt signaling to inhibit transcription of Skp2 and to activate Smad3 as an integral component of a pathway that regulates blockade of cell cycle progression in T lymphocytes. (shu.edu)
  • Increased sub-G1 population and annexin-V binding, activation of caspases 9 and 3, cleavage of poly(ADPribose) polymerase (PARP), and a decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) indicated involvement of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in terpinen-4-ol-treated A549 and CL1-0 cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Our results indicated that terpinen-4-ol induced apoptosis through a mitochondria-mediated pathway in NSCLC cells and that the apoptosis elicited by terpinen-4-ol was p53 dependent. (hindawi.com)
  • These include regulation of cell cycle, activation of mitochondrial pathway, induction of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, induction of apoptosis, modulation of oxidative stress, amelioration of inflammation, modulation of insulin signaling and inhibition of angiogenesis. (mdpi.com)
  • A p53 dependent checkpoint pathway prevents re-replication. (nii.res.in)
  • Hence, ribosomal stress does not lead to checkpoint activation via the p53-p21-Rb pathway in ES cells. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), which does not depend upon sequence homology, is the key repair pathway during the G0/G1 stages of the cell cycle [ 10 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • Chemotherapeutic agents that damage DNA activate the p53 pathway and can initiate cancer cell death [ 1 , 2 ]. (oncotarget.com)
  • Mediator of DNA damage checkpoint protein 1 is a 2080 amino acid long protein that in humans is encoded by the MDC1 gene located on the short arm (p) of chromosome 6. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is involved in determining cell survival fate in association with tumor suppressor protein p53. (wikipedia.org)
  • This protein is required to activate the intra-S phase and G2/M phase cell cycle checkpoints in response to DNA damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • MDC1 has anti-apoptotic properties by directly inhibiting the apoptotic activity of the tumor suppressing protein p53. (wikipedia.org)
  • Studies on lung cancer cell lines (A549 cells) showed an increase in apoptosis in response to genotoxic agents when MDC1 protein levels were reduced with siRNA. (wikipedia.org)
  • Inhibition or loss of MDC1 protein through studies with siRNA on human cells or knockout studies in mice have shown several defects at both the cellular and organismal level. (wikipedia.org)
  • Overexpression of JAM3 or recombinant JAM3 protein enhanced trophoblast adhesion and migration, which were inhibited by JAM3 knockdown. (bioone.org)
  • Survivin is a 16 kDa anti-apoptotic protein highly expressed during fetal development and cancer cell malignancy (3). (cellsignal.com)
  • When this complex forms the CDK can phosphorylate a target protein which alters it's function and initiates the cell to advance to the next phase. (jove.com)
  • Positive regulators include two protein groups that allow cells to pass through regulatory checkpoints: cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). (jove.com)
  • BACKGROUND: This Phase 1 study evaluates the intra- and peritumoral administration by convection enhanced delivery (CED) of human recombinant Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (hrBMP4) - an inhibitory regulator of cancer stem cells (CSCs) - in recurrent glioblastoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Under conditions of moderate ER stress, the UPR promotes cell cycle arrest which allows time for successful protein load reduction and enables cell survival. (tmc.edu)
  • Activation of the unfolded protein response after ER stress induction was determined by comparing expression of key UPR mediators in non-tumorigenic pancreatic ductal cells to pancreatic cancer cells. (tmc.edu)
  • In conclusion, pancreatic cancer cells demonstrate a globally compromised ability to regulate the unfolded protein response. (tmc.edu)
  • Such a large change in polypeptide structure is likely to inhibit protein function. (pbworks.com)
  • Cells have a protein on their surface called PD-1 (in orange above). (shu.edu)
  • Our transcriptome analysis revealed in bladder cancer (BCa) tissues a significant induction of lysosomal-associated multispanning membrane protein 5 (LAPTM5), a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressing in immune cells and hematopoietic cells. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • LAPMT5 is a lysosomal membrane protein preferentially expressed in immune cells ( 5 , 6 ) and hematopoietic cells ( 7 ), having a close interaction with the Nedd4 ( 8 ), a member of the E3 ubiquitin ligases family ( 8 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • In normal cells the BRCA1 protein is localized in the nucleus, whereas in the majority of breast cancer cell lines and in malignant pleural effusions from breast cancer patients, it is localized mainly in the cytoplasm. (lookformedical.com)
  • Retinoblastoma (Rb) is a tumor suppressor protein that controls a critical checkpoint between the G1 phase and the S phase of the cell cycle. (utrgv.edu)
  • As at the G 1 checkpoint, cell size and protein reserves are assessed. (openstax.org)
  • It is known that replication factors are downregulated during stress and we have observed that cullin 4-based ubiquitin ligase mediate the proteolysis of Mcm10, a protein essential for the initiation and elongation phases of DNA replication. (nii.res.in)
  • In addition HIV-1 Vpr protein alters the cell-cycle regulation by hijacking centrosome functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For example, the TP53 gene, located on chromosome 17, encodes a 53-kd nuclear protein that functions as a cell cycle checkpoint. (medscape.com)
  • The CDK4-cyclinD complex normally phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein (Rb protein), leading to release of the E2F transcription factor and cell cycle progression. (medscape.com)
  • The p19ARF protein, which is encoded by the same locus as p16, also leads to cell cycle arrest by inhibiting the ability of MDM2 to inactivate TP53. (medscape.com)
  • The p16INK4A protein is a cell-cycle inhibitor that acts by inhibiting activated cyclin D:CDK4/6 complexes, which play a crucial role in the control of the cell cycle by phosphorylating Rb protein. (medscape.com)
  • this is augmented by GTPase activating protein, v. Mutated ras inhibits the activity of GTPase activating protein. (ctsqena.com)
  • For example, the cvclinD/CDK4 complex phosphorylates the retinoblastoma protein, which promotes progression through the G^S checkpoint. (ctsqena.com)
  • ST caused G0/G1 cell cycle arrest which was accompanied by a decrease in CDK4 and cyclin D1, and an increase in p21/Cip1and p27/Kip1 protein levels. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Immunotherapy mainly includes immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as inhibitors of PD-1 (programmed cell death 1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1). (nature.com)
  • Increasing evidence indicates that senescent cells could be a promising new target for therapeutic intervention known as senotherapy, which includes depleting senescent cells, modulating SASP and restoration of senescence inhibitors. (frontiersin.org)
  • Currently one of three WEE1 inhibitors in clinical development, the Debio 0123 program was initiated based on the deepened understanding of the DNA damage response (DDR) of cancer cells. (almacgroup.com)
  • The DNA in cancer cells can be damaged by a variety of treatments such as radiation, antimetabolites, alkylating agents, DNA topoisomerase inhibitors and platinum-based chemotherapy. (almacgroup.com)
  • Moreover, PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are being tested in combination with other checkpoint inhibitors, targeted therapies, cancer vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, and other modalities. (shu.edu)
  • Moreover, DEH induced strong cellular autophagy, which could be inhibited through autophagic inhibitors, with a rction in the DEH-induced inhibition of cell growth in colorectal cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Blockade of CHK2 activation by CHK2 inhibitors protects cells from baicalein-mediated G2/M cell cycle arrest. (tku.edu.tw)
  • One goal of this work is to understand the developmental role and regulation of checkpoint signaling pathways due to its monitoring of DNA integrity within the cell. (vt.edu)
  • In order to understand the function and regulation of Chk1 in checkpoints, the features of the MBT that activate Chk1 must be identified. (vt.edu)
  • As main findings, 23 miRNAs were already identified as being involved in genetic regulation of PCa cell response to RT. (frontiersin.org)
  • Moreover, some studies demonstrated that LAPTM5 was highly expressed in malignant B lymphomas and involved in B cell malignancies ( 10 ), involving in negative regulation of cell surface T and B cell receptor by promoting lysosome degradation ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • The overexpression of XPO1 is one mechanism by which neoplastic cells inactivate TSPs and thereby circumvent cell-cycle regulation, genome survey and apoptosis. (karyopharm.com)
  • Because its discovery, the c Abl family of tyrosine kinases, which includes c Abl and Abl relevant gene , has been shown to be very conserved across species and possesses been implicated in the wide number of cellular HER2 mutation processes including regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, regulation on the cell cycle, and apoptotic cell cycle arrest response to pressure. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
  • TP53 activates the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation (p21), and MDM2. (medscape.com)
  • Overexpression of Myc partially but significantly protected HO-1 cells from Ad.hPNPase old-35 -induced growth arrest, indicating that Myc down-regulation might directly mediate the growth-inhibitory properties of Ad.hPNPase old-35 . (houstonmethodist.org)
  • As a structure-specific endonuclease, MUS81 is involved in cell cycle regulation and regulates the DNA damage repair approach. (rockinhibitor.com)
  • The regulation of DNA repair by the cell cycle is largely the result of chromatin alterations that happen through DNA replication, compression, and dissociation that permit cells to divide effectively [8]. (rockinhibitor.com)
  • The DDR of mammalian cells is made up of kinases, and mediator/adaptors factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • When fast-dividing mammalian cells are grown in culture (outside the body under optimal growing conditions), the length of the cycle is about 24 hours. (openstax.org)
  • Therefore, we are trying to understand the independent mechanism by which mammalian cells effectively inhibit the replication machinery during stress preventing it from drifting towards a catastrophic path of genomic instability. (nii.res.in)
  • We investigated the ability of the ATR inhibitor, AZD6738, to prevent the gemcitabine-induced intra-S-phase checkpoint activation and evaluated the antitumor potential of this combination in vitro and in vivo In PDAC cell lines, AZD6738 inhibited gemcitabine-induced Chk1 activation, prevented cell-cycle arrest, and restrained RRM2 accumulation, leading to the strong induction of replication stress markers only with the combination. (nih.gov)
  • PROCEDURE: The Children's Oncology Group AINV18P1 phase 1 trial evaluated the CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, in combination with standard four-drug re-induction chemotherapy in children and young adults with relapsed/refractory B- and T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and lymphoma. (bvsalud.org)
  • Here we tested whether roscovitine, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), which hereby also blocks homologous recombination (HR), can be used to enhance the radiation sensitivity of HNSCC cell lines. (oncotarget.com)
  • Due to a defect in HR, all HPV positive cell lines were efficiently radiosensitized by the PARP-1 inhibitor olaparib. (oncotarget.com)
  • NEWTON, Mass., July 27, 2016 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc. (Nasdaq:KPTI), a clinical-stage pharmaceutical company, today announced that data from its Phase 1b clinical trial evaluating lead drug candidate selinexor (KPT-330), a novel, oral Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE™) compound, in patients with advanced refractory bone or soft tissue sarcoma were published online in the Journal of Clinical Oncology. (karyopharm.com)
  • The paper, titled, 'Phase 1b Study of Selinexor, a First-in-Class Inhibitor of Nuclear Export, in Patients with Advanced Refractory Bone or Soft Tissue Sarcoma,' discusses the results from a 54-patient study which evaluated the pharmacokinetics (PKs), pharmacodynamics (PDs), safety, and efficacy of selinexor, and determined the recommended Phase 2 dose (RP2D) in this patient population. (karyopharm.com)
  • Treatment of mouse NIH3T3 cells with 5FU, a potent inhibitor of rRNA maturation, confirmed an activation of this checkpoint, leading to weak induction of the tumor suppressor p53, induction of the Cdk-inhibitor p21, an increase in active, hypo-phosphorylated Rb, and to accumulation of cells in the G1- and S-phase with an increase of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Furthermore, inflammatory mediators released by irradiated dying cells can attract and regulate immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), further killing cancer cells. (nature.com)
  • During the cell cycle, there are two main checkpoints that regulate entrance into S and M phases. (vt.edu)
  • Emerging evidences suggest that microRNA target genes that regulate DNA replication and cell cycle progression and we aim to determine how microRNA regulate the DNA replication machinery as cell progresses from one phase to the next. (nii.res.in)
  • Summing up, we are trying to understand the mechanisms by which microRNAs regulate mammalian cell cycle and DNA replication in normal and pathological conditions. (nii.res.in)
  • Knock out MDC1 mice cells and silenced human cells were radiosensitive, failed to initiate Intra-S phase and G2/M checkpoints, failed to produce ionizing radiation-induced foci had poor phosphorylation by the DRR kinases (ATM, CHK1, CHK2), defects in homologous recombination. (wikipedia.org)
  • In the absence of active Chk1, Cdc25A activates cyclin dependent kinases (Cdks) allowing the cell to progress into S or M phase. (vt.edu)
  • Chk1 regulates cell cycle arrest in the presence of unreplicated DNA in somatic cells by phosphorylating Cdc25A and leading to its degradation. (vt.edu)
  • Chk1 plays a critical but not fully understood role in cell cycle remodeling and early embryonic development. (vt.edu)
  • The activation of Chk1 by two time-dependent events in the cell cycle, the critical nuclear to cytoplasmic (N/C) ratio and the cyclin E/Cdk2 maternal timer are explored in this study. (vt.edu)
  • RT can directly induce cancer cell death through various mechanisms, such as apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy. (nature.com)
  • The mechanisms of radioresistance are still poorly understood, despite it has been suggested that miRNAs play an important role in cell signaling pathways. (frontiersin.org)
  • In this study, the antitumor effects of terpinen-4-ol and the cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for it were evaluated and studied, respectively on human nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Collectively, these data provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying terpinen-4-ol-induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells, rendering this compound a potential anticancer drug for NSCLC. (hindawi.com)
  • The timing of events in the cell cycle is controlled by mechanisms that are both internal and external to the cell. (openstax.org)
  • If the checkpoint mechanisms detect problems with the DNA, the cell cycle is halted, and the cell attempts to either complete DNA replication or repair the damaged DNA. (openstax.org)
  • Genomic stability relies around the precise execution of DNA replication, chromosome segregation, DNA repair and genomic monitoring mechanisms, and their integration with cell cycle progression and also other processes. (rockinhibitor.com)
  • In this paper, we describe the metabolic changes as well as the mechanisms of resistance to apoptosis occurring in cancer cells and cancer stem cells, underlying the connection between these two processes. (hindawi.com)
  • Regulatory signaling systems that control the progression of the CELL CYCLE through the G1 PHASE and allow transition to S PHASE when the cells are ready to undergo DNA REPLICATION. (umassmed.edu)
  • In Xenopus laevis, early embryonic development consists of twelve rapid cleavage cycles between DNA replication (S) and mitosis (M) without checkpoints or gap phases. (vt.edu)
  • For instance, during G1, when one type of cyclin, named D, is synthesized and binds to a CDK, the cell transitions into S phase, as another cyclin, E, peaks and forms a complex with CDK to promote DNA replication. (jove.com)
  • Both the initiation and inhibition of cell division are triggered by events external to the cell when it is about to begin the replication process. (openstax.org)
  • DNA replication is a vital process of life and must be completed precisely during each cell cycle. (nii.res.in)
  • Aberrations in microRNA activity has been linked to loss of cell cycle and replication control and this has led to oncogenic functions (thereby called oncomirs) being ascribed to them. (nii.res.in)
  • Cells have evolved with conserved recombination mediated genome editing pathways as a mean for repairing DSBs and restarting replication forks, thus allowing genome duplication to continue [ 8 ]. (springeropen.com)
  • When overexpressed by means of a replication-incompetent adenoviral vector (Ad.hPNPase old-35 ), hPNPase old-35 inhibited cell growth in all cell lines tested. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • additionally, at the finish of mitosis, CyclinB1 is prompted to degrade the complex, enabling cells to complete the replication cycle [10]. (rockinhibitor.com)
  • Lomefloxacin hydrochloride inhibits DNA gyrase, a type II topoisomerase involved in the induction or relaxation of supercoiling during DNA replication. (medindex.am)
  • This inhibition leads to a decrease in DNA synthesis during bacterial replication, resulting in cell growth inhibition and eventually cell lysis. (medindex.am)
  • Moreover, synergistic growth inhibition was identified in a panel of 5 mouse and 7 human PDAC cell lines using both Bliss Independence and Loewe models. (nih.gov)
  • In all five HPV negative and HPV positive cell lines tested, roscovitine caused inhibition of CDK1 and 2. (oncotarget.com)
  • PD-1 inhibition (Figure 1) has quickly become a front-line therapy for non-small cell lung cancer and melanoma . (shu.edu)
  • Our findings indicated that treatment with DEH arrested the cell cycle of colorectal cancer cells at the G1/S phase, leading to significant inhibition in cell growth. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Exposure of the cells to gemcitabine at G2/M transition abolished the progression of mitosis, caused mitotic arrest and failure to exit mitosis as evidenced by the inhibition of Cyclin B degradation and absence of de-phosphorylation of cdc-2 at Tyr 15 residue. (bmj.com)
  • Here, the results show that baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) treatment inhibits the growth of highly invasive ovarian cancer cells, and that baicalein-induced growth inhibition is mediated by the cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. (tku.edu.tw)
  • Importantly, etoposide and actinomycin D treatments increased histone H3K36 trimethylation in T/T, but not G/G cells, suggesting a G/G correlated inhibition of transcription elongation. (oncotarget.com)
  • In MDA-MB-231 cells, ST caused a significant dose-dependent cell growth inhibition by 31- 63% (p ≤ 0.0001) in 48 h and 40-50% (p ≤ 0.0001) in 72 h. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Survivin binds and inhibits caspase-3, controlling the checkpoint in the G2/M-phase of the cell cycle through inhibiting apoptosis and promoting cell division (4,5). (cellsignal.com)
  • When PD-1 binds to PD-L1 (yellow) on another cell, the T cell becomes deactivated. (shu.edu)
  • MDM2 binds to and inhibits TP53 activity. (medscape.com)
  • CKI may be able to directly induce DSBs, but may also indirectly induce DSBs by arresting checkpoint functions during the cell cycle. (biomedcentral.com)
  • One of the treatments applied in cancer is radiotherapy (RT), a therapeutic modality that uses ionizing radiation to induce damage in unwanted cells. (frontiersin.org)
  • Over a decade ago, this phytochemical was identified as a likely chemopreventive agent based on its ability to induce Phase 2 detoxification enzymes, as well as to inhibit Phase 1 enzymes involved in carcinogen activation. (sproutnet.com)
  • The phosphorylation of pRB, and relief of transcriptional repression by pRB induces genes involved in the induction of S-phase entry. (shu.edu)
  • Baicalein Induces G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest Associated with ROS Generation and CHK2 Activation in Highly Invasive Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. (tku.edu.tw)
  • We therefore tested a chemotherapeutic agent (8-amino-adenosine) that induces p53-independent cell death for higher clinically relevant cytotoxicity. (oncotarget.com)
  • The increased calcium influx into the pancreatic beta cells induces insulin secretion, thereby lowering blood glucose levels. (medindex.am)
  • Pdx-Cre (KPC) mouse cancer cell line, significantly extending survival. (nih.gov)
  • From M/G1 to S phase, the shared DE genes from both cell lines were significantly enriched. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, we established a BCa cell model with downregulated LAPTM5, revealing a significantly delayed growth rate in the BCa cells with knockdown of LAPTM5. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Furthermore, treatment of s.c xenografts derived from A549 cells with intratumor injections of terpinen-4-ol significantly inhibited tumor growth compared with the control group. (hindawi.com)
  • Knockdown of PERK or IRE1α significantly decreased DEH-induced autophagy and retrieved cell viability in cells treated with DEH. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Aging kidney and CKD share many common characteristic features with increased cellular senescence, a conserved program characterized by an irreversible cell cycle arrest with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)
  • Cellular senescence is characterized by an irreversible and permanent cell cycle arrest coupled with altered transcriptome and secretome. (frontiersin.org)
  • DNA DAMAGE, or the deficiencies in specific cellular components or nutrients may cause the cells to halt before progressing through G1 phase. (umassmed.edu)
  • The term "oncotarget" encompasses all molecules, pathways, cellular functions, cell types, and even tissues that can be viewed as targets relevant to cancer as well as other diseases. (oncotarget.com)
  • Herein, we aimed to characterize the molecular and cellular effects of NT157 in JAK2 V617F -positive MPN cell lines (HEL and SET2) and primary patient hematopoietic cells. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In normal cells, glucose participates in cellular energy production through glycolysis as well as through its complete catabolism via the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). (hindawi.com)
  • Introduction/Background We aimed to compare gemcitabine vs. cisplatin in terms of DNA damage response, viability/apoptosis of malignant granulosa cells. (bmj.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Cyclin D has been shown to play an essential role in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) initiation and progression, providing rationale for targeting the CDK4/6-cyclin D complex that regulates cell cycle progression. (bvsalud.org)
  • Moving forward from this initiation point, every parameter required during each cell cycle phase must be met or the cycle cannot progress. (openstax.org)
  • We hypothesized that MDM2 in these cells inhibited transcription initiation at the p53 target genes p21 and puma . (oncotarget.com)
  • Surprisingly, following etoposide treatment transcription initiation occurred at the compromised target genes in MANCA and A875 cells similar to the T/T ML-1 cell line. (oncotarget.com)
  • At this point, the embryo initiates transcription, acquires gap phases between S and M phases, and establishes a functional apoptotic program. (vt.edu)
  • Subsequently, T cells receiving PD-1 signals displayed impaired Cdk2 activation and failed to phosphorylate two critical Cdk2 substrates, the retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) and the TGFβ-specific transcription factor Smad3 , leading to suppression of E2F target genes but enhanced Smad3 transactivation (Figure 3). (shu.edu)
  • As a transcription factor whose expression is increased by DNA damage, p53 blocks cell division at the G1 phase of the cell cycle to allow DNA repair. (medscape.com)
  • 1. Rb "holds" the E2F transcription factor, which is necessary for transition to the S phase. (ctsqena.com)
  • In contrast, cancer cells shift their metabolism toward lactate production even in the presence of oxygen [ 4 ], partly through genetic modifications that stabilize the transcription factor Hypoxia Inducible Factor (HIF) involved in the adaptation of the cells to hypoxia, under nonhypoxic conditions as well as generating an adaptive response to the hypoxic microenvironment (Figure 1 ). (hindawi.com)
  • Whatever the source of the message, the cell receives the signal, and a series of events within the cell allows it to proceed into interphase. (openstax.org)
  • They localize in close proximity to the nucleus for the duration of interphase and play major roles in numerous cell functions. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Centrosomes are animal-specific non-membranous organelles that localize in close proximity to the cell nucleus for the duration of interphase. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The checkpoint original model represents the activity of Cdc25 phosphatase on the mitosis promoting factor (MPF) that leads the cell into mitosis. (vt.edu)
  • After A is degraded, concentrations of cyclin B peak in M phase and the complex will activate the different stages of mitosis. (jove.com)
  • When B levels drop, the cell exits mitosis and divides. (jove.com)
  • The term mitosis refers specifically to the process whereby the nucleus of the parent cell splits into two identical nuclei prior to cell division. (visionlearning.com)
  • This is linked to the lack of a functional G1/S-phase checkpoint, which allows the cells to enter the S-phase almost directly after mitosis. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Required for normal cell cycle progression from G2 to mitosis. (helixlabs.ai)
  • These results were further confirmed in Chk2 knockout DT40 lymphoma cells, in which DIM failed to cause cell cycle arrest. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Indeed, it has been shown that miRNAs play an important role in gene expression, mainly when associated with the monitoring of several cell and metabolic pathways, being also an essential component of the gene silencing machinery in most eukaryotic organisms ( 4 , 8 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Lipids, amino acids, and nucleotides necessary for the biosynthesis of the daughter cells are mostly provided by intermediate metabolites of these pathways. (hindawi.com)
  • Junctional adhesion molecule 3 (JAM3) is involved in epithelial cell junction, cell polarity, and motility. (bioone.org)
  • During EMT, cells will undergo transformation from epithelial phenotype to mesenchymal phenotype ( 14 ) and many characteristics of cells will change including loss of cell-cell adhesion and acquisition of aggressive and metastatic ability ( 15 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Normal human colon epithelial cell NCM460, human colorectal cancer cell lines (HCT 116 and SW620) and human embryonic renal cell lines (293 FT) were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, USA) and stored in our laboratory. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In humans, the frequency of cell turnover ranges from a few hours in early embryonic development, to an average of two to five days for epithelial cells, and to an entire human lifetime spent in G 0 by specialized cells, such as cortical neurons or cardiac muscle cells. (openstax.org)
  • Here, we evaluated the efficacy of ST on three different human cancer cell lines including skin epidermoid carcinoma A431 cells, lung epithelial carcinoma A549 cells and breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is a nonmelanocytic skin cancer (ie, an epithelial tumor) that arises from basal cells (ie, small, round cells found in the lower layer of the epidermis). (medscape.com)
  • Impaired ribosome biogenesis is known to activate a p53-dependent checkpoint in mature cell lines, which leads to an arrest of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Through S phase of your cell cycle, WEE1 inhibits the association and function with the MUS81-SLX4 complex, and SLX4 cooperates to activate MUS81 in the course of M phase [5]. (rockinhibitor.com)
  • Notably, terpinen-4-ol was able to increase p53 levels in A549 and CL1-0 cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Diminution of p53 by RNA interference induced necrosis instead of apoptosis in A549 cells following terpinen-4-ol treatment, indicating that terpinen-4-ol-elicited apoptosis is p53-dependent. (hindawi.com)
  • Therefore, in this study, the anticancer effects of terpinen-4-ol were evaluated on two NSCLC cell lines, namely, A549 and CL1-0 human lung adenocarcinoma cells. (hindawi.com)
  • The A549 human lung adenocarcinoma and CL1-0 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines were cultured in Dulbecco′s modified eagle medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% antibiotic antimycotic. (hindawi.com)
  • Whereas similar ST treatments moderately inhibited the growth of A549 cells by up to 13% (p ≤ 0.05) in 48 h and 14% (p ≤ 0.05-0.0001) in 72 h. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Role of WDHD1 in Human Papillomavirus-Mediated Oncogenesis Identified by Transcriptional Profiling of E7-Expressing Cells. (umassmed.edu)
  • Via dephosphorylation, calcineurin is the enzyme responsible for activating nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NF-AT), a T cell transcriptional regulatory factor. (medindex.am)
  • Two mdm2 G/G SNP309 cancer cell lines, MANCA and A875, have compromised wild-type p53 that co-localizes with MDM2 on chromatin. (oncotarget.com)
  • We found that knockdown of MDM2 in G/G cells moderately increased expression of subsets of p53 target genes without increasing p53 stability. (oncotarget.com)
  • We demonstrated that T/T and G/G mdm2 SNP309 cells were equally sensitive to 8-amino-adenosine induced cell death. (oncotarget.com)
  • In conclusion for cancer cells overexpressing MDM2, targeting MDM2 may be less effective than inducing p53-independent cell death. (oncotarget.com)
  • A high expression of Pes1, Bop1 and WDR12 was observed in ES cells, which strongly decreased during in vitro differentiation. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • In vitro RNA degradation assays confirmed its exoribonuclease properties, and overexpression of hPNPase old-35 resulted in growth suppression in HO-1 human melanoma cells. (houstonmethodist.org)
  • These results suggest prominent in vitro anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects of ST in MDA-MB-231 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Accumulation of p27 in the nucleus, therefore, blocks cell cycle progression of T-lymphocytes that are being induced to act against cancer antigens. (shu.edu)
  • In cell division, a cell makes a copy of its DNA and then separates itself into two identical cells - each with its own copy of DNA enveloped inside a nucleus. (visionlearning.com)
  • advanced organisms-including animals, plants, fungi, and protists-whose cells have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. (visionlearning.com)
  • mostly one-celled organisms, bacteria for example, whose cells do not have a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles. (visionlearning.com)
  • He began a series of live observations under the microscope using dyed samples of animal tissues and found that a particular mass of material inside the nucleus of cells absorbed the dye quite well. (visionlearning.com)
  • Inhibits lipid synthesis by binding to inactive phosphorylated ACACA and preventing its dephosphorylation. (helixlabs.ai)
  • As a consequence, the synthesis and release of Th1- (T helper 1) and Th2- (T helper 2) type cytokines, and other inflammatory mediators from T-cells and mast cells are blocked and the expression of signals essential for the activation of inflammatory T-lymphocytes is inhibited. (medindex.am)
  • Baicalein-induced G2/M phase arrest is associated with an increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, DNA damage, and CHK2 upregulation and activation. (tku.edu.tw)
  • Moreover, no robust accumulation of cells in G1-phase was observed. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • 5FU treated ES cells showed an accumulation of cells in S-phase instead. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • To further establish the involvement of Chk2 in DIM-mediated G 2 /M arrest, cells were transfected with dominant-negative Chk2 (DN-Chk2). (aspetjournals.org)
  • Blocking Chk2 activation by DN-Chk2 completely protected cells from DIM-mediated G 2 /M arrest. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These results clearly indicate the requirement of Chk2 activation to cause G 2 /M arrest by DIM in ovarian cancer cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Our results establish Chk2 as a potent molecular target of DIM in ovarian cancer cells and provide the rationale for further clinical investigation of DIM. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Dysfunctional CHK2 impairs DNA damage-induced checkpoints, reduces apoptosis, and confers resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation therapy in ovarian cancer cells. (tku.edu.tw)
  • All the results suggest that baicalein has another novel growth inhibitory effect on highly invasive ovarian cancer cells, which is partly related to G2/M cell cycle arrest through the ROS-mediated DNA breakage damage and CHK2 activation. (tku.edu.tw)
  • Orderly progression through the cell cycle involves passage through sequential checkpoints. (shu.edu)
  • Rb mutation results in const it utively free E2F, allowing progression through the cell cycle and uncontrolled growth of cells. (ctsqena.com)
  • Methodology Malignant granulosa tumour cell lines (COV434 and KGN) were used for the experiments. (bmj.com)
  • Low-power view of hematoxylin-eosin-stained bone marrow showing hypocellularity, with increased adipose tissue and decreased hematopoietic cells in the marrow space. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical presentation of patients with aplastic anemia includes signs and symptoms related to the decrease in bone marrow production of hematopoietic cells. (medscape.com)
  • In addition, CKI may also inhibit NHEJ, the major repair mechanism for DSBs. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Centrosome duplication is tightly regulated and limited at once per cell cycle through a mechanism that prevents re-duplication. (biomedcentral.com)
  • By default, CDKs are always present in a cell in an inactivated form. (jove.com)
  • In embryonic stem cells, SMAD2/3-TIF1γ recognizes specific chromatin marks, promoting access of SMAD2/3-SMAD4 to otherwise repressed targets. (shu.edu)
  • The hallmark of embryonic stem (ES) cells is their ability for self-renewal (capability of unlimited cell division without the loss of pluripotency) as well as for differentiation into all cell types of the adult organism. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Pancreatic cancer cells exhibited altered UPR activation characterized by a delay in both phosphorylation of eIF2α and induction of spliced XBP1. (tmc.edu)
  • We observed a publish translational activation of Separase proteolytic activity in BCR ABL positive cells soon after treatment method with therapeutic IM doses. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
  • In mature cells, disruptions in ribosome biogenesis are directly linked to the cell cycle machinery by a p53-dependent activation of the G1/S-phase checkpoint, leading to an arrest of cells in G1-phase. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • Component of the BRCA1-RBBP8 complex which regulates CHEK1 activation and controls cell cycle G2/M checkpoints on DNA damage via BRCA1-mediated ubiquitination of RBBP8. (helixlabs.ai)
  • Activation of p21 or p16 therefore causes cell cycle arrest. (medscape.com)
  • However, cancer cells overcome these controls, in particular by acquiring genetic mutations leading to the activation of oncogenes (pten, myc) or loss of tumor suppressors (p53) [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • RT-induced damage to cancer cells leads to different outcomes, such as survival, senescence, or death. (nature.com)
  • When this damage occurs, the cells respond by pausing the cell cycle temporarily to allow for DNA repair, hence reducing the effectiveness of cytotoxic therapies against the cancer cells. (almacgroup.com)
  • The resulting impairment of the G2-M checkpoint would prevent cancer cells from repairing induced DNA damage, considerably enhancing the effect of the DNA damaging therapy and thus optimizing the therapeutic outcome. (almacgroup.com)
  • The main goal of RT consists in delivering a precise dose of radiation in a target volume, such as tumor, promoting the tumor cells eradication with as minimal damage as possible in surrounding normal tissues ( 13 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to adequate reserves and cell size, there is a check for genomic DNA damage at the G 1 checkpoint. (openstax.org)
  • A. Cancer formation is initiated by damage to DNA of stem cells. (ctsqena.com)
  • The theoretical basis for marrow failure includes primary defects in or damage to the stem cell or the marrow microenvironment. (medscape.com)
  • These effects of honey have been thoroughly investigated in certain cancers such as breast, liver and colorectal cancer cell lines. (mdpi.com)
  • Activated Akt inhibited GSK3 and prevented proteasome-mediated cyclin D1 degradation in LeTx-intoxicated THP-1 cells. (uwo.ca)
  • In this review, we discuss the changes in irradiated cancer cells and immune cells in the TME under different RT regimens and describe existing and potential molecules that could be targeted to improve the therapeutic effects of RT. (nature.com)
  • One study reported an increased survival benefit with simultaneous RT compared with sequential administration, 8 while another study found no significant difference between the two strategies, 9 possibly because simultaneous RT plus immunotherapy and the administration of an ICI before RT may kill cancer cells as well a substantial number of immune cells, leading to poor systemic response and toxic side effects. (nature.com)
  • We evaluated the effect of 3,3′-diindolylmethane (DIM) in ovarian cancer cells. (aspetjournals.org)
  • DIM treatment inhibited the growth of SKOV-3, TOV-21G, and OVCAR-3 ovarian cancer cells in both a dose- and time-dependent manner with effective concentrations ranging from 40 to 100 μM. (aspetjournals.org)
  • b Effects on DNA repair in cancer cells by CKI. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this dissertation, I investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and its effects on the cell cycle in pancreatic cancer cells. (tmc.edu)
  • Further evaluation of the UPR-mediated effects on cell cycle progression revealed that pancreatic cancer cells showed a compromised ability to inhibit G1 to S phase progression after ER stress. (tmc.edu)
  • Most cancer cells have PD-L1 on their surface and escape being killed by turning off the T cell in this way. (shu.edu)
  • In addition, there is no report on the antitumor effects of terpinen-4-ol against human nonsmall cell lung cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Cell growth assay, cell cycle analysis, FACS, JC-1 staining, annexin V staining and immunoblotting were used to study the efficacy of ST on cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While exploring the molecular changes associated with strong ST efficacy in breast cancer cells, we observed that ST induced cell cycle arrest as well as cell death. (biomedcentral.com)
  • This study provides valuable insight into the chemopreventive efficacy and associated molecular alterations of ST in breast cancer cells whereas it had only moderate efficacy on lung cancer cells and did not show any considerable effect on skin cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In contrast to normal cells, most cancer cells predominantly produce energy by a high rate of glycolysis followed by lactate fermentation, even in the presence of oxygen, a less efficient metabolism compared to a low rate of glycolysis followed by mitochondrial oxidation of pyruvate [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Metabolic adaptations of cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Glucose and glutamine are the 2 major substrates used by cancer cells. (hindawi.com)
  • MDC1 can execute its anti-apoptotic activity by inhibiting p53 in two ways. (wikipedia.org)
  • Sickle Cell disease is an example of a Missense mutation. (pbworks.com)
  • If mutations can occur at random, how does a cell stop a random mutation from effecting the cell. (pbworks.com)
  • Usually cancer occurs when a mutation inhibits the Tumor suppressor gene's function. (pbworks.com)
  • Germline mutation results in Li-Fraumeni syndrome (2nd hit is somatic), characterized by the propensity to develop multiple types of carcinomas and sarcomas, C, Rb also regulates progression from G, to S phase. (ctsqena.com)
  • The G 1 checkpoint, also called the restriction point (in yeast), is a point at which the cell irreversibly commits to the cell division process. (openstax.org)
  • Among lung cancers, nonsmall cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) account for approximately 80% of lung cancer cases [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, the anti-tumor activity of DEH on colorectal cancer was investigated through both the cell-derived xenograft (CDX) and patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) model. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Effects Study style and cell line characterization To analyze the conditional context in between p210BCR ABL, separase activity and IM remedy, we carried out cell culture experiments applying a panel of six nicely established human cell lines. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
  • Anti-PD-1 antibodies (dark green) or anti-PD-L1 antibodies (light green) can prevent the tumor cell from binding PD-1 and thus allow T cells to remain active. (shu.edu)
  • Transportation of LAPTM5 from Golgi to lysosome could be inhibited by deficiency of Nedd4, a key member of E3 ubiquitin ligase family overexpressing in invasive BCa and promoting its progression. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Internal regulatory checkpoints ensure that a cell's size, energy reserves, and DNA quality and completeness are sufficient to advance through the cell cycle. (jove.com)
  • This is accompanied by increased lactate in the cytoplasm as CKI inhibits glucose metabolism downstream of glycolysis, leading to an increase in [ADP]/[ATP] and decrease in NADH/NADPH. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When oxygen is limited, as in muscles that have undergone prolonged exercise, pyruvate is not consumed in the TCA cycle but is rather converted into lactic acid by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in a process termed anaerobic glycolysis. (hindawi.com)
  • Recent reports have indicated that terpinen-4-ol exerts its antitumor effects by triggering caspase-dependent apoptosis in human melanoma cells or by inducing necrotic cell death and cell-cycle arrest in mouse mesothelioma and melanoma cell lines without affecting normal cells [ 14 , 15 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We also highlight potential options of targeting senescent cells for the treatment of CKD. (frontiersin.org)
  • In line with this, for HPV negative but not for HPV positive cell lines, treatment with roscovitine resulted in a pronounced enhancement of the radiation-induced G2 arrest as well as a significant increase in radiosensitivity. (oncotarget.com)
  • Belfast, Northern Ireland- March 5, 2020 - Debiopharm - a Swiss biopharmaceutical company, has announced the advancement of its first-in-human, phase 1 study as patients with advanced solid tumours will be administered with cancer treatment Debio 0123 in combination with carboplatin. (almacgroup.com)
  • In addition to STS, selinexor has received Orphan Drug Designation from the U.S. FDA for use in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). (karyopharm.com)
  • Treatment of CML cells with IM reduced p210BCR ABL binding to pericentrin. (pkc-inhibitors.com)
  • E is then degraded by cytoplasmic enzymes and cyclin A concentrations increase throughout the S phase and remain high into G2 to promote entry into the M phase when in an active complex. (jove.com)
  • Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, with over 40,000 new cases per year in the US. (medscape.com)
  • A phase II study showed that patients with resected local-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) had improved survival when pembrolizumab was added to adjuvant RT (NCT02641093). (nature.com)
  • At present, advanced stage human Papillomavirus (HPV) negative and positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are treated by intense multimodal therapy that includes radiochemotherapy, which are associated with relevant side effects. (oncotarget.com)
  • Two main etiologies of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are recognized that reveal distinct biological characteristics. (oncotarget.com)
  • risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • PMID:18786442 mutations and the risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (who.int)
  • Arbyn M, Bergeron C, Klinkhamer P, Martin-Hirsch squamous cell carcinoma in a high-risk region in Iran. (who.int)