Inhibits hiv 1 infection. Medical search. Frequent questions

Scientists from the Helmholtz Zentrum München demonstrate that root extracts of the medicinal plant Pelargonium sidoides (PS) contain compounds that attack HIV-1 particles and prevent virus replication. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Products derived from natural sources have been shown to inhibit HIV-1 replication during various stages of the virus life cycle, and therefore represent a potential source of novel therapeutic agents. (greenmedinfo.com)
CONCLUSION: This is the first report demonstrating S. fusiforme to be a potent inhibitor of highly productive HIV-1 infection and replication in T cells, in primary human macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes. (greenmedinfo.com)
Absence of cytotoxicity and high viability of treated cells also suggest that S. fusiforme is a potential source of novel naturally occurring antiretroviral compounds that inhibit HIV-1 infection and replication at more than one site of the virus life cycle. (greenmedinfo.com)
They compete with endogenous nucleotides (dNTP/NTP) for incorporation into nascent DNA/RNA and inhibit replication by preventing subsequent primer extension. (plos.org)
Micronutrient deficiencies affect replication of the HIV virus, elevate hepatic protein synthesis, increased urinary nitrogen loss, insulin resistance with resultant hyperglycemia, and increased gluconeogenesis. (medscape.com)
Hanley TM, Viglianti GA. Nuclear receptor signaling inhibits HIV-1 replication in macrophages through multiple trans-repression mechanisms. (bu.edu)
Genetic modification of hematopoietic stem cells with genes that inhibit replication of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) could lead to development of T lymphocytes and monocytic cells resistant to HIV-1 infection after transplantation. (nih.gov)
Inhibition of HIV replication was measured by p24 Gag protein content in supernatant, Northern blot analysis, and DNA PCR for products of reverse transcription. (scienceopen.com)
However, data from the macaque simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) model indicate that in vivo , SIV-specific CTL are only effective during the early stages of the viral replication cycle, and this constitutes an alternative explanation why HIV-specific CTL do not appear to have an impact on HIV reservoirs during ART. (frontiersin.org)
and as this inevitably occurs in a normal environment, HIV replication continually reignites from the smoldering ember of proviral DNA, leading to rebound viremia and a resumption of disease progression when ART is discontinued. (frontiersin.org)
Four distinct lines of evidence indicate that CTL limit HIV replication in both the acute and chronic phase of untreated HIV infection. (frontiersin.org)
and (4) ability of CTL to inhibit HIV replication ex vivo . (frontiersin.org)
Raltegravir, the first in a new class of orally administered HIV type-1 (HIV-1) integrase inhibitors, selectively inhibits the strand transfer activity of HIV-1 and its integration into human DNA, a key stage in retroviral propagation, thereby limiting viral replication and the infection of new cells. (druglib.com)
We identified that SPS reduced the replication of HSV-1 in HCE-T and Vero cells in a dose-dependent manner. (molvis.org)
SPS inhibits HSV-1 replication in HCE-T and Vero cells, indicating that SPS has the potential for treating HSV-1 infection, particularly HSV-1 keratitis. (molvis.org)
PSSNa) [ 10 ], have shown their inhibitory activity against HSV-1 replication. (molvis.org)
These agents interfere with HCV replication by inhibiting a key viral enzyme, NS3/4A serine protease. (medscape.com)
It binds to the N-terminus within domain 1 of NS5A, which may cause structural distortions that interfere with NS5A functions, and thereby inhibits both viral RNA replication and virion assembly. (medscape.com)
Ledipasvir inhibits HCV NS5A protein, which is required for viral replication. (medscape.com)

matory response, IL-10 has been shown to inhibit macrophage and Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) provides a human disorder in T lymphocyte cytokine synthesis and MHC class II and B7 ex- which to study the delayed type hypersensitivity response to persistent pression. (cdc.gov)

This protein is upregulated by interferon-alpha but does not contain the antiviral activity of a similar myxovirus resistance protein 1. (wikipedia.org)
Spatiotemporally Controlled Release of Rho-Inhibiting C3 Toxin from a Protein-DNA Hybrid Hydrogel for Targeted Inhibition of Osteoclast Formation and Activity. (mpg.de)
Researchers at Mount Sinai School of Medicine have found alpha-defensin-1, a protein found in immune cells, can control HIV infection by at least two mechanisms. (scienceblog.com)
The active n-butanol fraction was evaluated for its inhibition against HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, integrase, protease, pro-viral genome integration and viral Tat protein mediated transactivation. (nih.gov)
The results presented here show a potential anti-HIV-1 activity of A. catechu mediated by the inhibition of the functions of the viral protein and Tat. (nih.gov)
Protein energy malnutrition is the most common form of malnutrition seen in patients with HIV disease worldwide. (medscape.com)
CCL4, also known as macrophage inflammatory protein 1 beta (MIP-1 beta ) is a 7.8 kDa beta chemokine that is secreted at sites of inflammation by activated leukocytes, lymphocytes, vascular endothelial cells, and pulmonary smooth muscle cells (1, 2). (rndsystems.com)
Multiple components of the nuclear pore complex and nuclear import machinery enable a protein called human myxovirus resistance 2 (MX2) to inhibit HIV-1 infection, according to a study published November 29 in the open-access journal PLOS Pathogens by Michael Malim of King's College London, and colleagues. (phys.org)
In the new study, Malim and colleagues show that MX2 interacts with multiple protein components of the nuclear pore complex, as well as the nuclear transport receptor transportin-1-a component of the nuclear import pathway. (phys.org)
Virus infection is initiated by the interaction between S protein and host cell surface receptors. (newvita.com)
HSV-1-H129 with green fluorescent protein (GFP) knock-in, HSV-1g]. (molvis.org)
Daclatasvir inhibits NS5A, a nonstructural protein encoded by HCV. (medscape.com)

These MVC inhibited HIV-1 infection of T cell lines and primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by T cell line-adapted viruses or primary isolates, with IC 50 s ranging from 0.1 to 7.4μg/ml. (psu.edu)
The n-butanol fraction showed a dose-dependent inhibition against HIV-1NL4.3 infection of the peripheral blood lymphocytes and against HIV-1BaL(R-5-tropic) as well as two different primary viral isolates of HIV-1 infection of TZM-bl cells. (nih.gov)
Here we describe two IMCs derived from subtypes C and CRF01_AE HIV-1 primary isolates expressing LucR (IMC.LucR) that were engineered to express heterologous gp160 Envs. (plos.org)
Researchers at Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen found that the activity of Ci extracts was able to act against HIV-1 and HIV-2 isolates, as well as a virus isolate that is resistant against drugs that are available. (pharmacytimes.com)

Specific glycosphingolipids (GSL), found on the surface of target immune cells, are recognized as alternate cell surface receptors by the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) external envelope glycoprotein. (psu.edu)
They demonstrated that PS extracts protect blood and immune cells from infection by HIV-1, the most widespread type of HIV. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Without treatment, HIV destroys the immune system and causes the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is a life-threatening disease. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Moreover, these receptors are functional, as treatment of FRT tissue cells with ligands for TLR and NOD induces production of proinflammatory CXCL8 [ 13 ], and those receptors actively participate in immune response to pathogens, as Neisseria gonorrhea and HIV-1 [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
The body attempts to protect itself from HIV infection via the innate immune system. (scienceblog.com)
Whereas CD28 delivers a costimulatory signal in T cell activation, CTLA-4 negatively regulates cell-mediated immune responses through interaction with CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) present on antigen presenting cells (APC). (biolegend.com)
sCTLA-4 also plays a role in the initial immune response to infection of immune cells by HIV, along with the CD-1 pathway and others. (biolegend.com)
CCL4 attracts a variety of immune cells to sites of microbial infection as well as to other pathologic inflammation such as allergic asthma and ischemic myocardium (3 - 8). (rndsystems.com)
This is a randomized placebo-controlled study in treated and suppressed HIV-infected individuals aged ≥40 years with either known CVD or 1 CVD risk factor to study the effect of Bempedoic acid (BA) on safety, arterial inflammation as assessed by FDG-PET/CT, lipids, inflammation, immune activation, cardiometabolic indices, and non-calcified plaque (NCP) in the coronary arteries (assessed by coronary CT angiography, CCTA). (uclahealth.org)
1) Mucosal immune responses of the lower female reproductive tract to sexually transmitted pathogenic microorganisms leads to an inflammatory response that enhances the heterosexual transmission of HIV-1. (bu.edu)
This inflammatory response enhances HIV-1 transmission by inducing the recruitment of target immune cells such as Langerhans/dendritic cells (LC/DC), macrophages (MØ)‚ and T lymphocytes to the mucosa and by direct activation of these cells. (bu.edu)
These immune assays will be advanced by the development of standardized viral stocks, such as HIV-1 infectious molecular clones (IMC), that i) express a reporter gene, ii) are representative of globally diverse subtypes and iii) are engineered to easily exchange envelope (env) genes for expression of sequences of interest. (plos.org)
So this meeting will examine emerging data relating to macrophage interactions with the immune system during HIV infection, macrophage reservoirs and approaches to their elimination, and the involvement of CNS myeloid reservoirs and associated comorbidities. (nih.gov)
So on day one, Session 1 will focus on macrophages and the immune system during HIV and SARS-CoV-2 infection, Session 2 will focus on challenges to study HIV/SIV reservoirs, and Session 3 will really have the highlights from recent awardees of the NIMH/NINDS/NIDA Myeloid Reservoir RFA. (nih.gov)
This review summarises the current state of our understanding of HDAC6's structure and function in light of the three mechanisms by which it controls DNA and RNA virus infection: cytoskeleton regulation, host innate immune response, and autophagy degradation of host or viral proteins. (bvsalud.org)
We are also trying to find out how the immune system is affected by HIV-1-tuberculosis (TB) coinfection. (lu.se)
In immunocompromised people, monkeypox treatment should include optimizing immune function by limiting the use of immunosuppressive medications if not otherwise clinically indicated, and, for those with HIV, providing antiretroviral therapy. (cdc.gov)

To investigate at which point of the virus life cycle this inhibition occurs, we infected T cells and CD4-negative primary human astrocytes with HIV-1 pseudotyped with envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), which bypasses the HIV receptor requirements. (greenmedinfo.com)
Some animal proteins, for example, those in the LAT family (TC# 2.A.3.8) including ASUR4 (gbY12716) and SPRM1 (gbL25068) associate with a type 1 transmembrane glycoprotein that is essential for insertion or activity of the permease and forms a disulfide bridge with it. (tcdb.org)
Epstein-Barr virus envelope glycoprotein 110 inhibits NF-κB activation by interacting with NF-κB subunit p65. (nih.gov)

To expand our arsenal of therapeutics against HIV-1 infection, we investigated aqueous extract from Sargassum fusiforme (S. fusiforme) for ability to inhibit HIV-1 infection in the periphery, in T cells and human macrophages, and for ability to inhibit in the central nervous system (CNS), in microglia and astrocytes. (greenmedinfo.com)
In addition, vMIP-II is of great interest due to its ability to inhibit HIV infection by both major HIV strains: R5 (strains that enter the host cell using CCR5 as a co-receptor), and X4 (strains that use CXCR4). (omicsonline.org)
Both vMIP-II and 5P12-vMIP-II showed the ability to inhibit multiple strains of HIV, including several R5 strains and an X4 strain. (omicsonline.org)

Integrase inhibitors prevent HIV DNA from being integrated into human DNA. (msdmanuals.com)
These medications prevent HIV entry into its target cells or inhibit the three enzymes (reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease) that the virus uses to replicate. (msdmanuals.com)
4. With the help of an enzyme called integrase (also produced by HIV), the viral DNA becomes integrated with the cell's DNA. (msdmanuals.com)
At this stage, medications called integrase inhibitors can prevent HIV DNA from being integrated into human DNA. (msdmanuals.com)

These carbohydrate compounds warrant further investigation as a potential new class of HIV-1 entry inhibitors. (psu.edu)
Because SEVI can so greatly enhance HIV infectivity, supplementing current HIV microbicide candidates with SEVI inhibitors, such as surfen, might increase their potency and overall effectiveness," Greene explained. (medicalxpress.com)
Our model correctly predicts for HIV-1 that resistance against nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) can be conferred by decreasing their incorporation rate, increasing their excision rate, or decreasing their affinity for the polymerase enzyme. (plos.org)
Through mathematical modeling, we assess the mechanisms by which HIV-1 can develop resistance against nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI). (plos.org)
The first major class of drugs found useful in slowing HIV infections are collectively called "reverse transcriptase inhibitors" (shown in red). (cellsalive.com)
LiWang PJ, Xue J, Kuo NW, Schill M (2013) A Comparison of 5P12-vMIPII and vMIP-II as HIV-1 Entry Inhibitors. (omicsonline.org)
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) inhibit the enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in cholesterol synthesis. (medletter.com)
Second, Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs) inhibit RT by binding to an allosteric site. (umsystem.edu)
Reverse transcriptase inhibitors prevent HIV reverse transcriptase from converting HIV RNA into DNA. (msdmanuals.com)
Entry (fusion) inhibitors prevent HIV from entering cells. (msdmanuals.com)
One type of entry inhibitor, CCR-5 inhibitors, blocks the CCR-5 receptor, preventing HIV from entering human cells. (msdmanuals.com)
Post-attachment inhibitors also prevent HIV from entering cells but in a different way from fusion inhibitors. (msdmanuals.com)
The overall classes of medications that act against HIV at this stage are called entry inhibitors, and they included attachment inhibitors, post-attachment inhibitors, and fusion inhibitors. (msdmanuals.com)
At this stage, medications called protease inhibitors can prevent the maturation of the HIV virus. (msdmanuals.com)

1, 2 The regimen was co-developed as part of a collaboration with the Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson. (biospace.com)
Cabenuva is the first and only complete long-acting HIV treatment regimen and is approved as a once monthly or every-two-months treatment for HIV-1 in virologically suppressed adults and adolescents. (biospace.com)
London, 6 March 2020 - ViiV Healthcare, the global specialist HIV company majority owned by GlaxoSmithKline plc ("GSK"), with Pfizer Inc. and Shionogi Limited as shareholders, today presented positive long-term data from its global phase IIIb ATLAS-2M study of the first complete, long-acting regimen of cabotegravir and rilpivirine for the treatment of HIV. (viivhealthcare.com)
Hans Jäeger, MD, former Medical Director of MVZ Karlsplatz, HIV Research and Clinical Care Centre, Munich, and investigator for the ATLAS-2M study, said, "The ATLAS-2M 96-week data reinforces the therapeutic potential of this long-acting regimen for the treatment of HIV. (viivhealthcare.com)
This regimen can enable people living with HIV to reduce the days they receive treatment from 365 to 12 or 6 per year, representing a paradigm shift in their experience of HIV treatment. (viivhealthcare.com)
It is indicated for the treatment of CHC infection genotypes 1, 2, 3, and 4 as part of a combination antiviral regimen, including those with hepatocellular carcinoma meeting Milan criteria (awaiting liver transplantation) to prevent HCV recurrence and those with HCV/HIV-1 coinfection. (medscape.com)
Data collected in an ongoing CDC surveillance project of health-care workers who have been occupationally exposed to blood from HIV-infected patients (7) indicate that during the period April-December 1989, 13 (8.6%) of 151 newly enrolled participants began a postexposure regimen of zidovudine. (cdc.gov)
Comment: Elvitegravir/cobicistat/emtricitabine/tenofovir is a complete regimen for HIV and should not be administered with other antiretrovirals. (medscape.com)

BACKGROUND: The high rate of HIV-1 mutation and increasing resistance to currently available antiretroviral (ART) therapies highlight the need for new antiviral agents. (greenmedinfo.com)
It can readily be embedded in extended models of the complete HIV-1 reverse transcription process, or analogous processes in other viruses and help to guide drug development and improve our understanding of the mechanisms of resistance development during treatment. (plos.org)
We correctly predict that HIV-1 can develop resistance by decreasing NRTI incorporation rate, increasing its excision rate, or decreasing its affinity for the viral polymerase enzyme. (plos.org)
von Kleist M, Metzner P, Marquet R, Schütte C (2012) HIV-1 Polymerase Inhibition by Nucleoside Analogs: Cellular- and Kinetic Parameters of Efficacy, Susceptibility and Resistance Selection. (plos.org)
Good nutrition has been proven to increase resistance to infection and disease and improves energy. (medscape.com)
Since the study suggests that Ci is able to attack HIV without causing any resistance, they believe that commercial extracts like Ci or Pelargonium sidoides are promising for developing antiviral phytotherapeutics. (pharmacytimes.com)
Nevirapine (NVP) belongs to the first generation of NNRTIs, however HIV-1 develops resistance mutations frequently during NVP treatment. (umsystem.edu)

Nucleoside analogs ( NA s) represent an important drug class for the treatment of viral infections and cancer. (plos.org)
RNA interference (RNAi) is a sequence-specific RNA degradation mechanism mediated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), which represents a possible therapeutic application for the treatment of viral infections. (scienceopen.com)

All the extracts and fractions were evaluated for cytotoxicity and anti-HIV-1 activity using different in vitro assays. (nih.gov)
While more research is needed to determine the full extent of these properties, some studies have found that BHT can inhibit the growth of cancer cells in vitro and in animal studies. (earthclinic.com)
To understand the mechanism behind this observation, we applied in vitro biochemical assays, which were performed with four patient-derived reverse transcriptase (RT) proteins isolated from HIV-1B, HIV-1C, CRF01_AE, and CRF02_AG viruses. (umsystem.edu)
In this study, we investigated a third mechanism, the direct inhibition of HIV-1 RT, using in vitro RT assays. (umsystem.edu)
Objective: To investigate the effect of sodium polyanethol sulfonate (SPS) on herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection in vitro. (molvis.org)
In parallel, we study the interaction by various in vitro infection models, including lymphoid tissue. (lu.se)

Virology , 408 (1), 80-88. (psu.edu)
A team spearheaded by Dr. Markus Helfer and Dr. Ruth Brack-Werner from the Institute of Virology and Dr. Philippe Schmitt-Kopplin from the Analytical BioGeoChemistry research unit (BGC) performed a detailed investigation of the effects of PS extracts on HIV-1 infection of cultured cells. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Scientists at the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology (GIVI) have discovered a new agent that might inhibit the infectivity of HIV. (medicalxpress.com)

Weight loss of more than 5% with concomitant HIV infection is associated with accelerated disease progression, impaired functional status, and increased mortality. (medscape.com)
OBJECTIVE: Untreated perinatal HIV-1 infection is often associated with rapid disease progression in children with HIV (CWH), characterized by high viral loads and early mortality. (lu.se)
TRIM22 is a host restriction factor, which directly inhibits HIV-1 transcription, and its genotype variation is associated with disease progression in adults. (lu.se)
METHODS: TRIM22 exons three and four were sequenced by Sanger sequencing and single nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with markers of disease progression (CD4+ T-cell count and HIV viral load) and clinical indicators of advanced HIV disease (presence of stunting and chronic diarrhoea). (lu.se)
CONCLUSION: TRIM22 genotype was not associated with markers of HIV disease progression markers or advanced disease in CWH. (lu.se)
In untreated HIV infection, associations between HLA genetic polymorphism and disease progression were identified in several studies, using both candidate gene (reviewed in Carrington and O'Brien, 2003 ), and genome-wide strategies ( The International HIV Controllers Study, 2010 ). (frontiersin.org)
Antiretroviral therapy is recommended for all HIV-infected patients, both to reduce the risk of disease progression and to prevent transmission of the virus to others. (medletter.com)
We are analyzing cellular and humoral immunity in HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 infected individuals, in relation to viral and clinical markers of disease progression. (lu.se)

ACIP has previously recommended routine vaccination of persons aged ≥2 months who have certain medical conditions that increase risk for meningococcal disease ( 1 ), including persons who have persistent (e.g., genetic) deficiencies in the complement pathway (e.g. (cdc.gov)
Transient blockade of glycine decarboxylase (GLDC) can restrict de novo pyrimidine synthesis, which is a well-described strategy for enhancing the host interferon response to viral infection and a target pathway for some licenced anti-inflammatory therapies. (bvsalud.org)

Under certain conditions, SEVI can increase HIV infectivity 100,000 times by facilitating the attachment of viruses to target cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Understanding the mechanism by which natural host defenses work against viruses such as HIV will give us insight into understanding the host virus relationship," says Theresa Chang, PhD, first author of the study and Assistant Professor of Medicine at Mount Sinai School of Medicine. (scienceblog.com)
The potential to inhibit other viruses as well as parasites has also been demonstrated. (mdpi.com)
BHT has demonstrated antiviral capabilities against viruses like herpes simplex virus (HSV), influenza virus, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (earthclinic.com)
It is effective against a range of viruses, including herpes simplex virus, influenza virus, and HIV. (earthclinic.com)
A medicinal plant has been discovered that may help prevent HIV, as well as the Ebola and Marburg viruses, from developing. (pharmacytimes.com)
In the future, the extracts could be used to develop creams or gels (microbicides) that can prevent transmissible viruses like HIV from spreading during intercourse. (pharmacytimes.com)
Furthermore, the viral fluorescence intensities were inhibited by SPS in a dose-dependent manner when the viruses or cells were preincubated with SPS. (molvis.org)
Here, we demonstrate for the first time that therapeutically achievable concentrations of cysteamine can inhibit glycine utilisation by epithelial cells and improve cell-mediated responses to infection with respiratory viruses, including human coronavirus 229E and Influenza A. Cysteamine reduces interleukin-6 (IL-6) and increases the interferon-λ (IFN-λ) response to viral challenge and in response to liposomal polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) simulant of RNA viral infection. (bvsalud.org)

2018) Multiple components of the nuclear pore complex interact with the amino-terminus of MX2 to facilitate HIV-1 restriction. (phys.org)
We conducted a prospective study from October, 1st 2016 to September 30th 2018 in patients seropositive for HIV having positive thick smear for Plasmodium and hospitalized in the department of infectious diseases at Point G Teaching Hospital. (bvsalud.org)

RT is the HIV enzyme that generates viral DNA from genomic RNA during the early stages of infection, and it is the target for many anti-HIV drugs. (umsystem.edu)
Finally, we have studied the effect of a host factor, apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3G (APOBEC3G), on HIV-1 RT. (umsystem.edu)
Another HIV enzyme (HIV protease) is crucial to this maturation. (msdmanuals.com)

APOBEC3G (A3G) has been reported to inhibit several retroviral infections. (umsystem.edu)

Open up in another screen Fig 1 The progression of SLE. (columbiagypsy.net)
This risk is increased with progression of HIV and uncontrolled infection (4). (who.int)

Inhibition was mediated against both CXCR4 (X4) and CCR5 (R5)-tropic HIV-1, was dose dependant and long lasting, did not inhibit cell growth or viability, was not toxic to cells, and was comparable to inhibition by the nucleoside analogue 2', 3'-didoxycytidine (ddC). (greenmedinfo.com)
In humans, the ability of CCL4 to bind CCR5 inhibits the cellular entry of M-tropic HIV-1 which utilizes CCR5 as a coreceptor (2). (rndsystems.com)
Both forms of CCL4 block HIV-1 infection of T cells by inducing the downregulation of CCR5 (10). (rndsystems.com)
CCR5 is usually a chemokine receptor that binds MIP-1 (CCL3), MIP-1 (CCL4) and RANTES, and directs chemotactic reactions in leucocytes. (exposed-skin-care.net)

The average prevalence of coinfection between HIV and genital inflammatory diseases is of 16.3% [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
may be used for patients with HCV/HIV-1 coinfection. (medscape.com)

Inhibition of highly productive HIV-1 infection in T cells, primary human macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes by Sargassum fusiforme. (greenmedinfo.com)
Infection by pseudotyped HIV-1 (VSV/NL4-3) was also inhibited in a dose dependant manner, although up to 57% less, as compared to inhibition of native NL4-3, indicating post-entry interferences. (greenmedinfo.com)
Results with VSV/NL4-3 infection, suggest inhibition of both entry and post-entry events of the virus life cycle. (greenmedinfo.com)
Inhibition of HIV-1 infection by small interfering RNA-mediated RNA interference. (scienceopen.com)
Treatment of HIV-infected activated CD4(+) T cells with a fluorine-derivatized siRNA that is resistant to RNase A yielded similar inhibition of HIV infection. (scienceopen.com)
In this study, we determined the biochemical characteristics of HIV-1 RTs from various subtypes and determined kinetic constants of inhibition by EFdA, NVP, and RPV. (umsystem.edu)
Our results showed that A3G does inhibit the activity of HIV-1 RT by affecting the catalytic rate of dNTP incorporation (kcat), supporting the direct inhibition mechanism. (umsystem.edu)
Cysteamine is known to inhibit both bacterial and the eukaryotic host glycine cleavage systems via competitive inhibition of GLDC at concentrations, lower than those required for direct antimicrobial or antiviral activity. (bvsalud.org)

Polyphenol mixtures isolated from PS extracts retain high anti-HIV-1 activity but are even less toxic for cells than the crude extract. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Extracts of the geranium plant Pelargonium sidoides inactivate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and prevent the virus from invading human cells. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Seawead (S. fusiforme) inhibits HIV-1 infection in T cells, primary human macrophages, microglia, and astrocytes. (greenmedinfo.com)
For some, this is an impenetrable barrier for agents such as HIV, but Langerhans cells within the squamous layer have been shown to transmit the virus for target cells [ 20 ]. (hindawi.com)
The discovery was made by Nadia Roan, PhD, a senior fellow in the laboratory of GIVI Director Warner Greene, MD, PhD. Surfen is a small molecule that inhibits the actions of certain polysaccharide molecules called heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPG) that are found on the surface of cells. (medicalxpress.com)
Surfen interferes with the binding of SEVI to both target cells and HIV-1 virions but does not cause the SEVI fibrils to break up. (medicalxpress.com)
They further demonstrated that surfen interferes with the binding of SEVI to both target cells and HIV-1 virions. (medicalxpress.com)
Theresa Chang and colleagues at Mount Sinai School of Medicine analyzed how alpha-defensin-1 inhibits HIV infection in white blood cells (CD4+ T cells). (scienceblog.com)
Without serum (the watery portion of blood that remains when blood cells are removed) where viral burden is low, alpha-defensin-1 directly inactivates HIV virus. (scienceblog.com)
When serum is present, alpha-defensin-1 acts on vulnerable cells to block HIV infection. (scienceblog.com)
The authors also show that the way alpha-defensin-1 blocks HIV infection in cells is by inhibiting a CD4+ cell-signaling molecule called PKC. (scienceblog.com)
The aqueous and 50% ethanolic extracts of A. catechu showed IC50 values of 1.8 ± 0.18 μg/ml and 3.6 ± 0.31 μg/ml, respectively in cell-free virus based assay using TZM-bl cells and HIV-1NL4.3 (X-4 tropic). (nih.gov)
The median CD4+ count was 342 (IQR: 195-533) cells/μl and median HIV-1 viral load 34 199 (IQR: 8211-90 662) IU/ml. (lu.se)
Recent findings have demonstrated that activation of certain nuclear receptors (NR), including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR), liver X receptor (LXR), and glucocorticoid receptor (GR)) potently inhibits TLR-induced inflammatory gene expression in MØ, LC/DC, and epithelial cells. (bu.edu)
Blimp-1, an intrinsic factor that represses HIV-1 proviral transcription in memory CD4+ T cells. (bu.edu)
These observations support the potential of performing gene therapy for HIV-1 using hematopoietic cells, but emphasize the need for improved gene transfer techniques. (nih.gov)
These siRNAs were used to inhibit PCV production in a porcine kidney cell line, PK-15 cells. (scienceopen.com)
We demonstrate that RNAi mediated by 21-bp dsRNA specifically inhibits HIV-1 infection of permanent cell lines and primary CD4(+) T cells. (scienceopen.com)
The identification of RNAi activity against HIV-1 presents a new approach to study viral infections and a proof of concept of RNAi antiviral activity in mammalian cells. (scienceopen.com)
In order for this strategy to be effective, latently infected cells must be killed either by the cytopathic effect of reactivated HIV gene expression, or by HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). (frontiersin.org)
However, a review of current data reveals little evidence that CTL retain an antiviral effector capacity in patients on fully suppressive ART, implying that the HIV-specific CTL present in these patients will not be able to eliminate HIV-infected CD4 + T cells effectively. (frontiersin.org)
In that case, immunotoxins that target HIV-expressing cells may be a more promising approach for HIV eradication. (frontiersin.org)
However, this strategy for the eradication of HIV hinges on the assumption that latently infected cells will be killed by the reactivation of latent proviruses, either as a result of cytopathic effects of HIV gene expression, or through lysis by HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL). (frontiersin.org)
In the light of this data, two alternative strategies aiming to eradicate infected cells with reactivated latent infection will be discussed. (frontiersin.org)
To infect cells productively, HIV-1 must traverse the nuclear envelope to enable integration of the viral DNA into the genomic DNA of host cells. (phys.org)
Cistus incanus found to inhibit viral proteins from infecting healthy cells. (pharmacytimes.com)
Antiviral ingredients found in the extracts from the medicinal plant cistus incanus (Ci) have been found to inhibit viral proteins from infecting healthy cells. (pharmacytimes.com)
Nevertheless, olfactory neurons aren't straight exposed to the surroundings, but are inserted in the glial-like amphid sheath cells, producing them inaccessible to nonvolatile soluble ligands [1]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
Although CD4 T cells are the main targets of HIV infection, macrophages also become infected and resist the cytopathic effects of infection, contributing potentially to HIV reservoir persistence. (nih.gov)
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a viral infection that progressively destroys certain white blood cells and is treated with antiretroviral medications. (msdmanuals.com)
These medications block HIV from entering human cells or block the activity of one of the enzymes HIV needs to replicate inside human cells and/or integrate its genetic material into human DNA. (msdmanuals.com)
The result is immature, defective HIV that does not infect new cells. (msdmanuals.com)

Furthermore, new antibacterial natural products and natural product-derived compounds are investigated mechanistically and chemically optimized to treat infections and kill multi-drug resistant pathogens. (helmholtz-hzi.de)

HA719 trade name] is used for protease inhibitor-experienced patients when HIV-1 genotype testing is available. (who.int)
Simeprevir inhibits HCV NS3/4A protease needed for proteolytic cleavage of the HCV-encoded polyprotein into mature forms. (medscape.com)

Its receptor, CX3CR1, also functions as a co-receptor for HIV-1 and HIV-2 envelope fusion and virus infection, which can be inhibited by CX3CL1. (fishersci.com)
The HIV-1 envelope (Env) glycoproteins are produced as a 160 kDa polyprotein that is subsequently processed to yield virion-associated, trimeric complexes of non-covalently associated gp120-gp41 heterodimers [ 1 , 2 ]. (plos.org)
MX2, which is localized at the cytoplasmic face of the nuclear envelope, inhibits infection by blocking the nuclear import of HIV-1 DNA and preventing its accumulation within the nucleus. (phys.org)
The findings suggest that TNPO1 and nucleoporins (particularly NUP214) help position MX2 at the nuclear envelope to promote MX2-mediated restriction of HIV-1. (phys.org)
Recently, CX3CR1 was found to serve as a coreceptor for HIV-1 and HIV-2 envelope fusion and virus infection, which can be inhibited by fractokine. (prosci-inc.com)

Welcome to the Macrophage Infection of HIV Implications for Pathogenesis and Cure meeting, jointly organized by the National Institute of Mental Health and the Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard. (nih.gov)
The meeting will also highlight recent work on macrophage inflammation in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and work from recently-funded NIMH, NIDA, and NINDS investigators. (nih.gov)
A panel will discuss research gaps and priorities related to human macrophage reservoirs and inflammation/comorbidities and treatment strategies for HIV remission and cure. (nih.gov)

A transcript of the CTLA-4 gene that may represent a native soluble form of CTLA-4 (sCTLA-4) showed that eleven of twenty patients with autoimmune thyroid disease (ATD) had a high concentration of sCTLA-4, whereas only 1 of 30 apparently healthy volunteers contained measurable levels. (biolegend.com)
The levels of gene-containing leukocytes in peripheral blood samples in the 1 year after gene transfer/cell infusion have been extremely low. (nih.gov)
Our results revealed that Rep gene expression was inhibited by pS-RepA, pS-RepB and pS-RepC to different degrees. (scienceopen.com)

In the current issue of 'PLOS ONE, scientists from the Helmholtz Zentrum MÃ¼nchen report that these extracts represent a potential new class of anti-HIV-1 agents for the treatment of AIDS. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
HIV/AIDS is one of the 10 leading causes of death worldwide. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Here we review the characteristics of mucosal immunity of the female genital tract, its alterations due to HIV/AIDS, and the characteristics of coinfections between HIV/AIDS and the most prevalent STDs. (hindawi.com)
We are ViiV Healthcare: 100% dedicated to HIV medicines and research and completely focused on people affected by HIV and AIDS. (viivhealthcare.com)
We work actively with communities affected by HIV and AIDS around the world. (viivhealthcare.com)
We are the only pharmaceutical company solely focused on curing HIV and AIDS, but of course, none of what we do can be achieved alone - we believe in the power of partnership. (viivhealthcare.com)
So we at the NIMH Division of AIDS Research are very happy to be co-sponsoring this conference with the Ragon Institute, recognizing the importance of macrophages in HIV pathogenesis and cure efforts. (nih.gov)
There are two types of HIV, HIV-1 and HIV-2, which can lead to AIDS. (lu.se)
The risk of HIV/AIDS transmission through breast-feeding is creating additional problems in poor countries with a high prevalence of HIV infection. (who.int)

The reason for the difference in pathogenesis between HIV-1 and HIV-2 is not yet clear, and neither is the inhibiting effect that HIV-2 has on HIV-1 in dually infected understood. (lu.se)
Taken together, in addition to basic knowledge on HIV pathogenesis, we anticipate that our studies may contribute to optimized treatment and provide clues to how an effective HIV vaccine should work. (lu.se)

The number of reported COVID-19 virus infections is still increasing. (newvita.com)

18 constructs expressing various subtypes C and CRF01_AE Envs, mostly acute, in subtype-matched and -unmatched HIV backbones were tested for functionality and neutralization sensitivity. (plos.org)
and (c) severe nutritional consequences that are likely to aggravate infectious diseases such as acute respiratory infections, diarrhoea and malaria. (who.int)

Conjugation of dyes but also drugs against Gram-negative bacteria is an opportunity to improve the detection and the treatment of bacterial infection. (helmholtz-hzi.de)
The aminothiol, cysteamine, is produced endogenously during the metabolism of coenzyme A, and is currently being investigated in a clinical trial as an intervention in community acquired pneumonia resulting from viral (influenza and SARS-CoV-2) and bacterial respiratory infection. (bvsalud.org)
Lesions on a significant proportion of the total body surface area, which may be associated with edema and secondary bacterial or fungal infections among other complications. (cdc.gov)

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-HIV-1 activity of the extracts from stem bark of A. catechu. (nih.gov)
In the above assay, n-butanol fraction exhibited anti-HIV-1 activity with an IC50 of 1.7 ± 0.12 μg/ml. (nih.gov)

HA719 trade name] is not suitable for treating all other ART-experienced patients or if HIV-1 genotype testing is not available. (who.int)
TRIM22 genotype and haplotypes were not associated with CD4+ T-cell count, HIV-1 viral load, stunting or chronic diarrhoea. (lu.se)
The backbone of treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection regardless of genotype was combination therapy with injectable pegylated interferon-alfa (PEG-IFNa) plus oral ribavirin. (medscape.com)
The direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs), first introduced in 2011, offered enhanced efficacy when combined with both PEG-IFN and ribavirin, particularly for genotype 1 infections. (medscape.com)
In a study of treatment-naïve US veterans with genotype 1 HCV, ombitasvir-based therapy was considered to be the most economically efficient strategy. (medscape.com)
The oral combination is indicated for treatment of adults with chronic hepatitis C infection with genotype 1, 4, 5, or 6. (medscape.com)

and 2) the molecular mechanism(s) of how ligand-activated NR inhibit TLR-induced transcription of both HIV-1 and inflammatory cytokine genes. (bu.edu)
Here, we show that short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) specific for conserved regions of influenza virus genes can prevent and treat influenza virus infection in mice. (scienceopen.com)
Our results suggest a possible effect of non- env HIV-1 genes on the interaction of Env and neutralizing antibodies and highlight the need to generate a library of IMCs representative of the HIV-1 subtype spectrum to be used as standardized neutralization assay reagents for assessing HIV-1 vaccine efficacy. (plos.org)

It comprises a significant physical barrier to small molecule forms of ingress, such as HIV, due to the thick multilayered structure [ 18 ]. (hindawi.com)

Furthermore, they drive inflammation and can contribute to the development of comorbidities, including HIV-associated CNS dysfunction. (nih.gov)
No significant differences were found with respect to gender, time since HIV diagnosis, most recent CD4 count, viral load, substance use, comorbidities, or use of antiretroviral therapy. (who.int)

Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) can block virus entry by binding Env and inhibiting attachment or conformational changes required for fusion [ 4 - 7 ]. (plos.org)

1 These data were presented at the virtual Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2021). (viivhealthcare.com)
This cross-sectional study was based on telephone survey of COVID-19 symptoms duration and clinical course among 200 people living with HIV (PLWHs) and a review of medical records in Beirut, Lebanon, during Spring 2021. (who.int)

sCTLA-4 immunoreactivity was inhibited by its binding to B7.1, suggesting that sCTLA-4 is a functional receptor. (biolegend.com)
This receptor can be the route where HIV-1 infection happens, causeing this to be receptor a restorative target in Helps treatment [11]. (exposed-skin-care.net)
H2-RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS (H2RAs) - Currently available H2RAs are listed in Table 1. (medletter.com)
These drugs inhibit the action of histamine at the H2-receptor of the gastric parietal cell, decreasing basal acid. (medletter.com)
To enter a human cell, HIV must bind to a CD4 receptor and one other receptor, such as the CCR-5 receptor. (msdmanuals.com)

GRFT can inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection at picomolar concentrations, surpassing the ability of most anti-HIV agents. (mdpi.com)
The first case of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was reported in 1985. (medscape.com)
A growing body of evidence supports an increased risk for meningococcal disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons. (cdc.gov)
including MenACWY-D [Menactra, Sanofi Pasteur] or MenACWY-CRM [Menveo, GlaxoSmithKline]) for persons aged ≥2 months with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. (cdc.gov)
Pharmacological reactivation of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) expression from latent proviruses coupled with fully suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been suggested as a strategy to eradicate HIV infection. (frontiersin.org)
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is divided into type 1 (HIV-1) and type 2 (HIV-2). (umsystem.edu)
CDC has issued guidelines to reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among health-care workers, emergency-response and public-safety workers, and others who might be exposed to HIV while performing job duties (1-4). (cdc.gov)

5. The DNA of the infected cell now produces viral RNA as well as proteins that are needed to assemble a new HIV. (msdmanuals.com)

Development of delivery systems that may be compatible with human use demonstrates the potential utility of siRNAs for prophylaxis and therapy of influenza virus infections in humans. (scienceopen.com)
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection is extremely common in humans, and approximately 50% and 75% of the adult populations in the United States [ 1 ] and Germany [ 2 ], respectively, have been infected with this virus. (molvis.org)
Viral infections in humans are responsible for fatalities worldwide and contribute to the incidence of various human ailments. (bvsalud.org)

Mehta et al (2008), in his study on pregnant HIV-infected women in Africa, noted that having a BMI of less than 21.8, a hemoglobin concentration of less than 8.5 g/dL, and weight loss or excessive weight gain during pregnancy was associated with adverse outcomes. (medscape.com)
They inhibit HIV-1 infection at a 50% effective concentration of 0.2 to 0.3 μg/ml. (aspetjournals.org)

We have made a vMIP-II variant, "5P12-vMIP-II" in which the N-terminal amino acids of vMIP-II have been replaced by 10 amino acids that have been shown to greatly enhance the anti-HIV potency of the chemokine RANTES for R5 HIV strains. (omicsonline.org)
CX3CR1 Antibody: CX3CR1 is one of the chemokine receptors that are required as coreceptors for HIV infection. (prosci-inc.com)

Due to its prevalence in developed countries, HIV-1B has been the major target of HIV studies and anti-HIV drug development. (umsystem.edu)

PS extracts attack HIV-1 with a mode-of-action that is different from all anti-HIV-1 drugs in clinical use. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
A study published the March 1 print edition of the Journal of Clinical Investigation (JCI) examines their role as natural antiviral substances. (scienceblog.com)
We performed a clinical trial to evaluate the safety and feasibility of this procedure, using bone marrow from four HIV-1-infected pediatric subjects (ages 8 to 17 years). (nih.gov)
The success of clinical trials aiming to eradicate latent reservoirs of HIV infection may therefore depend on the presence of functional HIV-specific CTL in patients who have experienced several years of ART. (frontiersin.org)
HIV-1C has less binding affinity to RPV than other subtypes, which is consistent with clinical reports showing that HIV-1C patients have a higher rate of treatment failure with RPV. (umsystem.edu)
In prior monkeypox outbreaks in Nigeria, co-infection with HIV was associated with worse clinical outcomes, including severe manifestations of monkeypox, hospitalization, and death.2 Providers should also consider othe r immunocompromising conditions * and medications that may increase risk of severe manifestation of monkeypox. (cdc.gov)
However, data on people living with HIV (PLWHs) were inconclusive (3) until a recent meta-analysis found a higher incidence and more severe clinical outcomes than among persons without HIV. (who.int)
In prior monkeypox outbreaks in Nigeria, co-infection with HIV was associated with worse clinical outcomes, including severe manifestations of monkeypox, hospitalization, and death. (cdc.gov)

Weight loss incurred in adults with HIV is multifactorial. (medscape.com)
3) Because people with HIV-associated immunocompromise are at risk for severe manifestations of monkeypox, the HIV status of all sexually active adults and adolescents with suspected or confirmed monkeypox should be determined. (cdc.gov)

Several classes of antiretroviral medications are used together to treat HIV infection. (msdmanuals.com)
Comment: Do not take antiretroviral medications for at least 1 month before mobilization or expected duration for elimination of the medications, and until all cycles of apheresis are completed. (medscape.com)
Coadministration with other antiretroviral medications for treating HIV-1 infection is not recommended. (medscape.com)
Comment: Patients should not take antiretroviral medications for at least 1 month before initiating medications for stem cell mobilization, for the duration of the medications? (medscape.com)

Understanding the complex interactions by which a-defensins make a cell less susceptible to HIV may open new avenues to explore for prevention and therapy," says Mary E. Klotman, MD, senior author and Chief of Infectious Diseases at Mount Sinai Medical Center. (scienceblog.com)
We studied malaria in HIV infected subjects hospitalized in the department of infectious diseases at Point G Teaching Hospital in Mali, with the objective to have current data on malaria in patients infected by HIV. (bvsalud.org)

Persons aged ≥2 years with HIV who have not been previously vaccinated should receive a 2-dose primary series of meningococcal conjugate vaccine. (cdc.gov)
Persons with HIV who have been previously vaccinated with meningococcal conjugate vaccine should receive a booster dose at the earliest opportunity (at least 8 weeks after the previous dose) and then continue to receive boosters at the appropriate intervals. (cdc.gov)
Routine vaccination with meningococcal conjugate vaccine is also recommended for all healthy adolescents in the United States ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Standardized assays to assess vaccine and antiviral drug efficacy are critical for the development of protective HIV-1 vaccines and drugs. (plos.org)
Thus far, a subtype B IMC backbone expressing Renilla luciferase (LucR), and into which the ectodomain of heterologous env coding sequences can be expressed has been successfully developed but as execution of HIV-1 vaccine efficacy trials shifts increasingly to non-subtype B epidemics (Southern African and Southeast Asia), non-subtype B HIV-1 reagents are needed to support vaccine development. (plos.org)
In the absence of an effective vaccine, HIV continues to spread globally, emphasizing the design, data collection and analysis, need for novel strategies to limit its transmission. (cdc.gov)

Vaccines, which induce the production of antibodies that recognize and binding to very specific viral surface molecules, are an unlikely player in fighting HIV, because throughout infection, HIV surface molecules are continually changing. (cellsalive.com)

The findings offer insight into the function of alpha-defensin-1 on both the virus and the cell and the innate immunity against HIV. (scienceblog.com)

Epithelial keratitis is the most common type of ocular HSV-1 infection, with over 50% of patients presenting with corneal epithelial lesions. (molvis.org)

The data presented also shed light on the role of carbohydrate moieties in HIV-1 virus-host cell interactions. (psu.edu)
Several characteristics of the female genital tract make it suitable for inoculation, establishment of infection, and systemic spread of the virus, which causes local changes that may favor the development of infections by other pathogens, often called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). (hindawi.com)
Infection is usually initiated after inhala- have hemorrhagic manifestations, 10%-20% have respira- tion of virus-contaminated rodent excreta. (cdc.gov)
Because rodent bites have been with renal syndrome, we collected saliva and plasma from 14 demonstrated to cause human hantavirus infections ( 3 , 4 ), hospitalized NE patients with verifi ed Puumala virus (PUUV) saliva of hantavirus-infected rodents must contain infec- infection. (cdc.gov)
HFRS) in Europe and Asia and hantavirus cardiopulmo- virus infectivity as shown for herpesvirus-1 ( 17 ). (cdc.gov)
Surprisingly, although HIV readily replicates once inside the body, the virus struggles to establish a beachhead of infection during sexual transmission ," said Greene, who is senior author on the study. (medicalxpress.com)
For example, we might be able to create combination microbicides that include agents targeting both the virus and host factors promoting infection. (medicalxpress.com)
Influenza A virus infection is a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide. (scienceopen.com)
Virus production in lungs of infected mice is reduced by siRNAs given either before or after initiating virus infection, by using slow i.v. administration of small volumes containing siRNAs in complexes with a polycation carrier. (scienceopen.com)
The results of virus and antigen distribution following experimental infection of colostrum deprived pigs with pig circovirus (PCV) by oral/nasal and intravenous routes are reported. (scienceopen.com)
Primary ocular infections tend to appear in youths, and after primary infections are cleared, the virus hides in the trigeminal ganglia or cornea, where it maintains a state of latency. (molvis.org)
2. HIV releases RNA, the genetic code of the virus, into the cell. (msdmanuals.com)
and c) laboratory specimens that contain HIV (e.g., suspensions of concentrated virus). (cdc.gov)
HIV-1, with global spread, is the more aggressive and infectious virus. (lu.se)
Justification : Depuis l'éradication du virus de la variole, on note une émergence des autres Orthopoxvirus surtout le Monkeypoxvirus en Afrique centrale. (bvsalud.org)
Cependant, l'activité humaine en milieu rural, la présence des réservoirs potentiels et le climat sont des facteurs favorables à la circulation de ce groupe de virus. (bvsalud.org)

MX2/MXB has antiviral activity against HIV-1. (wikipedia.org)

Defensins have been shown to have anti-HIV activity. (scienceblog.com)

Interactions with Commensal and Pathogenic Bacteria Induce HIV-1 Latency in Macrophages through Altered Transcription Factor Recruitment to the LTR. (bu.edu)

From the beginning of this epidemic, NIMH has supported a rigorous and integrated research agenda to understand the mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of HIV-induced CNS dysfunction and the establishment and persistence of the HIV reservoir in CNS. (nih.gov)

Anatomy7

Organisms6

Diseases25

Chemicals and Drugs40

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment48

Psychiatry and Psychology35

Phenomena and Processes15

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena17

Humanities2

Information Science8

Named Groups15

Health Care72

Geographicals34

Replication20

Shown to inhibit1

Protein12

Isolates4

Immune17

Glycoprotein3

Ability to inhibit3

Integrase4

Inhibitors14

Regimen8

Resistance7

Treatment of viral infections2

Vitro6

Virology3

Disease Progression8

Pathway2

Viruses9

20182

Enzyme3

Retroviral1

Progression2

CCR54

Coinfection2

Inhibition8

Cells32

Compounds1

Protease2

Envelope5

Macrophage3

Gene3

AIDS9

Pathogenesis2

Reported COVID-191

Acute2

Bacterial3

Anti-HIV-1 activity2

Genotype6

Genes3

Small molecule1

Comorbidities2

Attachment1

20212

Receptor5

Human immun7

Proteins1

Humans3

Concentration2

Chemokine2

Prevalence1

Clinical8

Adults2

Antiretroviral medications4

Infectious Diseases2

Vaccine6

Molecules1

Innate Immunity1

Epithelial1

Virus16

Antiviral activity1

Activity1

Transcription1

Mechanisms1