• Inhibition of autophagy with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA) potentiated the secretory function of glibenclamide further. (hindawi.com)
  • We have now determined that in cultured podocytes, high glucose led to increases in activation of EGFR signaling but decreases in autophagy activity as indicated by decreased beclin-1 and inhibition of LC3B autophagosome formation as well as increased rubicon (an autophagy inhibitor) and SQSTM1 (autophagy substrate). (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Ulinastatin effectively protects the adhesion junction and helps ameliorate the perfusion of kidney capillaries during sepsis by the inhibition of autophagy and the expression of inflammatory factors. (scienceopen.com)
  • We further demonstrated that autophagy inhibition by trastuzumab resulted in enhance in reactive oxygen species production and oxidative stress. (nih.gov)
  • Autophagy inhibition leads to a drop in the LIP in PDAC. (blogshub.org)
  • In a new report published in Science Advances , Subhadip Mukhopadhyay and a research team in radiation oncology and genome stability at the NYU and Harvard, showed how the inhibition of autophagy altered the mitochondrial function in PDAC patients. (blogshub.org)
  • Mukhopadhyay and colleagues administered a low-iron diet in a mouse model to hinder this crosstalk in the form of autophagy inhibition therapy. (blogshub.org)
  • Autophagy inhibition abrogates SDHB level in PDAC. (blogshub.org)
  • Pharmacological (A) or genetic (B) inhibition of autophagy in PDAC cells was cotreated with FAC for 24 hours followed by immunoblots for the indicated proteins. (blogshub.org)
  • Similar to (A), other PDAC cell lines were used for analyzing SDHB level in (C) followed by total ion counts of succinate in PDAC cells using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (n = 3 technical replicates) after autophagy inhibition (D). Data are means ± SD, and P values were quantified using unpaired Student's two tailed t test. (blogshub.org)
  • In this work, Mukhopadhyay and the team showed how the inhibition of autophagy reduced the assembly of iron-sulfur clusters to stabilize a variety of proteins, including those involved in the electron transfer chain , such as succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B (SDHB). (blogshub.org)
  • Previously, Mukhopadhyay and colleagues showed how autophagy inhibition in pancreatic cancer cell lines led to a decrease in the mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. (blogshub.org)
  • Caspase-1 directly cleaved TRIF to diminish TRIF-mediated signaling, resulting in inhibition of autophagy and in reduced type I interferon production. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In the previous study, the author found that PDCD4 inhibited autophagy in multiple cancer cells or murine xenograft model, and PDCD4-attenuated autophagy was required for inhibition of tumor cell growth. (endonews.com)
  • Therefore, the reasonable inhibition of autophagy in T-ALL cells may serve as a promising strategy for resveratrol induced apoptosis and can be used as adjuvant chemotherapy for T-ALL. (besjournal.com)
  • In conclusion, SCARA5 inhibited the proliferation and EMT and induced the apoptosis of OSCC cells through the inhibition of STAT3 and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, thereby exerting a tumor suppressor effect. (degruyter.com)
  • Furthermore, inhibition of autophagy increased the vulnerability of β cells to the cytotoxic effects of hIAPP. (jci.org)
  • Propofol treatment inhibited cell viability, increased LDH release and caspase-3 activity, and induced apoptosis and autophagy in HT22 cells. (smarttots.org)
  • Resveratrol Induces Apoptosis and Autophagy in T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells by Inhibiting Akt/mTOR and Activating p38-MAPK[J]. Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, 2013, 26(11): 902-911. (besjournal.com)
  • Objective To explore the effects of resveratrol-induced apoptosis and autophagy in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) cells and potential molecular mechanisms. (besjournal.com)
  • Methods The anti-proliferation effect of resveratrol-induced, apoptosis and autophagy on T-ALL cells were detected by using MTT test, immunofluorescence, electronic microscope, and flow cytometry, respectively. (besjournal.com)
  • Results Resveratrol inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis and autophagy in T-ALL cells in a dose and time-dependent manner. (besjournal.com)
  • Conclusion Our findings have suggested that resveratrol induces cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in T-ALL cells through inhibiting Akt/mTOR/p70S6K/4E-BP1 and activating p38-MAPK signaling pathways. (besjournal.com)
  • These results suggest that glibenclamide-induced autophagy plays an inhibitory role in promoting insulin secretion by activating the AMPK pathway instead of altering the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). (hindawi.com)
  • Autophagy is either positively mediated by the adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway [ 12 ], or negatively mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway [ 13 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Investigations of molecular mechanisms reveal that trastuzumab activated mTOR, which in turn phosphorylated Ulk1 at Ser 757 resulting in suppression of autophagy. (nih.gov)
  • However, trastuzumab treatment inhibits the autophagy via mTOR/Ulk 1 pathway, resulting in cardiotoxicity and cardiomyopathy. (nih.gov)
  • The expression of autophagy-associated protein beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3)-II, as well as phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)、protein kinase B (Akt)、mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR)、p70S6K1 signaling pathways were detected by using Western blotting. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We concluded that Tan II A reduced A375 cells proliferation by activation of autophagy production, blocked PI3K- Akt - mTOR - p70S6K1 signaling pathway, increased autophagic related gene beclin-1, LC3-II protein expressions and induced autophagocytosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the present study the effect of IP6 on autophagy-mediated death by modulating the mTOR pathway in HT-29 colon cancer cells was studied. (um.edu.my)
  • mTOR pathway regulates autophagy and incubation with IP6 to HT-29 cells showed decreased expression of p-70S6Kinase, 4-EBP-1 in a time-dependent manner. (um.edu.my)
  • Conclusions: Our results clearly indicate that IP6 induces autophagy by inhibiting the Akt/mTOR pathway. (um.edu.my)
  • Catechins significantly reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine storm and oxidative stress and ALI by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling to upregulate Beclin-1/Atg5-Atg12/LC3-II-mediated autophagy mech-anism. (ntnu.edu.tw)
  • In conclusion, our data indicated that catechins directly inhibited SARS-CoV replication, potentiated the CD25/CD69/CD94/CD8 + T lymphocytes-mediated adaptive immunity and attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced ALI and cytokine storm by PI3K/AKT/mTOR-signaling-mediated autophagy, which may be applied to prevent and/or treat SARS-CoV infection. (ntnu.edu.tw)
  • Therefore, this study proves that Rh4 inhibits cancer cell proliferation by activating the ROS/p53 signaling pathway and activating autophagy to induce ferroptosis, which provides necessary scientific evidence of the great anticancer potential of Rh4. (hindawi.com)
  • Increasing studies have found that TMZ treatment could induce autophagy that may link to therapeutic resistance in GBM, but, the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. (nature.com)
  • There's latest proof that gossypol can induce autophagy also, which in a few complete situations results in autophagic cell death [24]. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • Bacteria induce autophagy mainly via their pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and pathogen-induced damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • It is mainly expressed on mature cytotoxic T lymphocytes [ 7 , 8 ], and it can inhibit T cell function by binding with PD-L1 or PD-L2 ligand, which is mainly expressed on the surface of tumor cells, to induce immune tolerance and limit autoimmunity [ 9 ]. (jcancer.org)
  • Xanthoxyletin significantly inhibited the proliferation of oral cancer cells (IC₅₀, 10-30 µM) with lower cytotoxicity for normal cells. (medscimonit.com)
  • We sought to explore the possible mechanism by which Tan II A regulated cell proliferation through autophagy signaling pathway in A375 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that Tan IIA inhibited melanoma A375, MV3, and M14 cell proliferation in dose and time dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In esophageal cancer, radiation therapy was found inducing autophagy in cancer cells, promoting cancer cell proliferation and causing treatment resistance [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Heatmaps showing clonogenic assays (D) in PDAC cells and relative proliferation in a panel of PDAC cell lines after treatment with FAC in autophagy-inhibited cells. (blogshub.org)
  • SCARA5 overexpression significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis of CAL-27 and SCC-9 cells. (degruyter.com)
  • Autophagy as a self-protective mechanism of cells has been widely studied and has particular physiological effects in different tissues or cells. (hindawi.com)
  • In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy in glibenclamide-induced insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Herein, we showed that glibenclamide promoted insulin release and further activated autophagy through the adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP) activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway in MIN-6 cells. (hindawi.com)
  • Autophagy is a self-protective pathway of cell catabolism that allows cells to degrade misfolded proteins or damaged organelles, providing energy for cells and maintaining their homeostasis [ 10 , 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in many organs, especially metabolic organs, which not only maintain the basic homeostasis of cells but also regulate cells' function [ 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Also, vitamin D reduced the incidence of T1DM, enhanced insulin secretion, and relieved pancreatic inflammation in STZ-treated mice via enhancing autophagy in pancreatic β cells [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In insulin-producing β cells, excess autophagy degrades insulin granules, resulting in decreased insulin contents and systemic glucose intolerance, whereas in insulin-responsive cells, activating autophagy decreases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and improves insulin sensitivity [ 17 , 18 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • LPS effectively inhibited cell viability and LC3B I expression and enhanced LC3B II, Beclin-1 and atg5 expressions in MLE-12 cells. (karger.com)
  • The knockdown of ATG9B expression in GBM cells suppressed TMZ-induced autophagy as well as TMZ-resistance. (nature.com)
  • Tan IIA promoted autophagic body production and increased autophagy-associated protein beclin-1 and LC3-II expression in A375 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When the cell's DNA and protein damaged, the cells maintained its cellular homeostasis through autophagy. (biomedcentral.com)
  • When nutrient supply is limited, the cells respond by activating autophagy, in order to degrade intracellular components to provide energy and building blocks, which the cell can utilize in this dire state. (wikipedia.org)
  • If the starvation state persists for more than 10 hours, the cells switch to the selective form of autophagy, namely CMA, which is known to reach a plateau of maximal activation ~36 hours into fasting and remains at these levels until ~3 days. (wikipedia.org)
  • NPAS4 suppresses propofol-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting autophagy in hippocampal neuronal cells. (smarttots.org)
  • NPAS4 overexpression suppressed propofol-induced cell injury and autophagy in HT22 cells. (smarttots.org)
  • Mechanistically, autophagy agonist rapamycin attenuated the neuroprotective effect of NPAS4 in propofol-treated HT22 cells. (smarttots.org)
  • In conclusion, NAPS4 overexpression protected hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells against propofol-induced neurotoxicity by reducing autophagy. (smarttots.org)
  • In the present study performed on human melanoma cells, we investigate the role of basal or stimulated autophagy in cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, as well as the contribution of cisplatin-induced activation of caspases 3/7 and conventional calpains. (unisi.it)
  • On the whole, our results demonstrate that in human melanoma cells autophagy may function as a beneficial stress response, hindered by cisplatin-induced death mechanisms. (unisi.it)
  • We aimed to investigate the role of RNF146 in modulating autophagy in HT22 cells under glutamate excitotoxicity injury. (omicsdi.org)
  • RNF146 also suppressed the excessive autophagy, which is detrimental to HT22 cells survival, induced by glutamate or rapamycin treatment. (omicsdi.org)
  • In addition, E-64d treatment regulated mitochondrial pathway activity and inhibited chaperone-mediated autophagy in HT22 cells. (omicsdi.org)
  • A) Autophagy was inhibited genetically or pharmacologically in PDAC cells, and the relative LIP was determined after cotreatment with FAC in 8988T cells. (blogshub.org)
  • Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells maintain a high level of autophagy or degradation, allowing them to thrive in severely limiting microenvironments. (blogshub.org)
  • The biologists noted how cancer-associated fibroblasts provided bioavailable iron to pancreatic cancer cells to resist the ablation of autophagy. (blogshub.org)
  • The reduction of this molecule in pancreatic cancer cells during autophagy led to a decrease in mitochondria respiration and reorganization of the cristae microarchitecture. (blogshub.org)
  • Vitamin C Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Hyperinflammatory State of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells through Purinergic Signaling and Autophagy. (bvsalud.org)
  • This study investigated whether vitamin C can suppress the hyperinflammatory activation of K-562 cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and whether purinergic signaling ( ATP and P2X7 receptor ) and autophagy play a role in it. (bvsalud.org)
  • Furthermore, in LPS + CQ-stimulated cells , vitamin C at a concentration of 10 µg/mL inhibited the expression of LC3-II (p (bvsalud.org)
  • Vitamin C inhibits the hyperinflammatory state induced by LPS in K-562 cells , primarily by inhibiting the ATP accumulation, P2X7 receptor expression, and autophagy signaling. (bvsalud.org)
  • PDCD4 inhibited autophagy in endometrial cells by an autophagy-related marker, LC3B-II. (endonews.com)
  • PDCD4 inhibited the migration and invasion of endometrial cells by NF-κB/MMP2/MMP9 signal pathway. (endonews.com)
  • Here, in endometrial cells, they found that autophagy-related marker, LC3B-II, was significantly decreased by PDCD4 overexpression but increased by the PDCD4 knockdown. (endonews.com)
  • In order to elucidate the mechanism by which PDCD4 inhibited the migration and invasion of endometrial cells, NF-κB/MMP2/MMP9 signal pathway which plays important roles in cell migration and invasion was analyzed. (endonews.com)
  • We discovered that AT101 causes caspase-independent, non-apoptotic cell loss of life in MPNST cells associated with autophagy that PD98059 was not really cytoprotective. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • When autophagy was suppressed by 3-MA, apoptosis in T-ALL cells induced by resveratrol was enhanced. (besjournal.com)
  • Autophagy might play a role as a self-defense mechanism in T-ALL cells treated by resveratrol. (besjournal.com)
  • Knockdown of MAGEA6 Activates AMP-Activated Protein Kinase (AMPK) Signaling to Inhibit Human Renal Cell Carcinoma Cells. (nih.gov)
  • Mechanistically, we found that C. tropicalis modulates the expression of PD-1 via increasing the autophagy traffic in colon cancer cells. (jcancer.org)
  • C. tropicalis can down-regulate tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 expression via enhancing tumor cells autophagy levels to promote CRC progression. (jcancer.org)
  • Here we demonstrated that treatment of INS-1 cells with human IAPP (hIAPP) enhances cell death, inhibits cytoproliferation, and increases autophagosome formation. (jci.org)
  • To evaluate effects on autophagy, cells were treated with various concentrations of chloroquine or verapamil for 48 h. (moleculardevices.com)
  • After treatment, live cells were stained with the CYTO-ID® Autophagy Detection Kit for tracking autophagosomes. (moleculardevices.com)
  • The top panel shows representative autophagy cells image and analysis mask for PC12 cells treated with an autophagy inducer chloroquine (30 μM) and stained with Cyto-ID dye. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Autophagy: renovation of cells and tissues. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Autophagy is a process by which cells break down and engulf nonessential proteins within the cell itself, as a source of nutrition under conditions where other nutrients may be scarce. (pancan.org)
  • Surprisingly, autophagy was active in pancreatic cancer cells regardless of the supply of accessible nutrients, suggesting that the cells may depend on this pathway constantly. (pancan.org)
  • Trouw L., Nilsson S., Goncalvez I., Landberg G. and Blom A. M. (2005) C4b-binding protein binds to necrotic cells and DNA, which limits DNA release and inhibits complement activation. (lu.se)
  • These results indicate that Rh4-induced ferroptosis is regulated via the autophagy pathway. (hindawi.com)
  • The unique features of this type of autophagy are the selectivity on the proteins that are degraded by this pathway and the direct shuttling of these proteins across the lysosomal membrane without the requirement for the formation of additional vesicles (Figure 1). (wikipedia.org)
  • To test our hypothesis that E-64d confers neuroprotective effects by regulating autophagy and mitochondrial pathway activity, we simulated neuronal excitotoxicity in vitro using an immortalized hippocampal neuron cell line (HT22). (omicsdi.org)
  • Autophagy is a well-conserved lysosomal degradation pathway that plays key roles in bacterial infections. (frontiersin.org)
  • This Review summarizes the more recent biochemical, cellular and mouse model studies that underscore the importance of the ER acetylation process in maintaining protein homeostasis and autophagy within the secretory pathway, and its impact on developmental and age-associated diseases. (biologists.com)
  • The glycolytic enzyme, pyruvate kinase Pyk1 maintains telomere heterochromatin by phosphorylating histone H3T11 (H3pT11), which promotes SIR (silent information regulator) complex binding at telomeres and prevents autophagy-mediated Sir2 degradation. (nih.gov)
  • Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) refers to the chaperone-dependent selection of soluble cytosolic proteins that are then targeted to lysosomes and directly translocated across the lysosome membrane for degradation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Therefore, some of the components that participate in CMA are present in the cytosol while others are located at the lysosomal membrane (Table I). Specific selection of proteins for degradation in all forms of autophagy came to further understanding as studies discovered the role of chaperones like hsc70. (wikipedia.org)
  • The autophagy machinery targets intracellular pathogens for degradation, modulates inflammation, and participates in adaptive immune responses ( 3 - 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • 2 Mitophagy is the selective degradation of mitochondria by autophagy. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Verapamil induces autophagy while chloroquine inhibits degradation of autophagosomes that lead to accumulation of particles. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Pretreatment of autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine reversed the inhibiting effects of catechins on the cytokines and oxidative stress levels and ALI. (ntnu.edu.tw)
  • Autophagy plays a critical role in the physiology and pathophysiology of hepatocytes. (lu.se)
  • High level of homocysteine (Hcy) promotes autophagy in hepatocytes, but the underlying mechanism is still unknown. (lu.se)
  • Silencing of TFEB decreases the level of autophagy-related protein LC3BII/I and increases p62 expression level in hepatocytes after exposure to Hcy. (lu.se)
  • These findings provide another new mechanism for Hcy-induced autophagy in hepatocytes. (lu.se)
  • Previous work had highlighted the role of ferritinophagy -a selective form of autophagy-and its role in iron homeostasis maintenance. (blogshub.org)
  • Autophagy is basic catabolic cellular process which is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis during nutrient starved and stress conditions. (nih.gov)
  • The cancer cell lines used autophagy to sustain iron homeostasis in contrast to other tumor types that relied on macropinocytosis . (blogshub.org)
  • Macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy, is a lysosomal degradative process that participates in cellular homeostasis by enabling the removal of defective organelles, protein aggregates, or intracellular microorganisms ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • In addition to its role in cellular homeostasis, autophagy is essential to immunity. (frontiersin.org)
  • The outcomes emphasized a critical link between autophagy, iron metabolism and mitochondrial function to drive the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. (blogshub.org)
  • Differential expression of MAGEA6 toggles autophagy to promote pancreatic cancer progression. (nih.gov)
  • Together, our results indicate that increased insulin resistance in combination with reduced autophagy may enhance the toxic potential of hIAPP and enhance β cell dysfunction and progression of T2DM. (jci.org)
  • Surprisingly, we also noticed that pertuzumab therapy fail to modulate autophagy in human cardiomyocytes and ROS production remain unchanged following pertuzumab treatment. (nih.gov)
  • Our Autophagy poster summarizes the molecular machinery, physiology and pathology of autophagy, and highlights chemical compounds that modulate autophagy. (tocris.com)
  • The results show that, while down-regulating Beclin-1, Atg14 and LC3-II, cisplatin treatment inhibits the basal autophagic response, impairing a physiological pro-survival response. (unisi.it)
  • Here, we report that H3pT11 directly inhibits Dot1-catalyzed H3K79 tri-methylation (H3K79me3) and uncover how this histone crosstalk regulates autophagy and telomere silencing. (nih.gov)
  • In this study, we investigated the role of autophagy as potential molecular mechanism in trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity using human cardiomyocytes and mice models. (nih.gov)
  • But the mechanism by which Tan II A inhibited melanoma growth are not well characterized. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Xenophagy requires formation of an autophagosome and depends on ULK1, autophagy-related (Atg)14, Beclin-1, Atg5-12, and autophagy receptor proteins such as p62 (A.1). (frontiersin.org)
  • Qu J, Chen Q, Bing Z, Shen S, Hou Y, Lv M, Wang T. C. tropicalis promotes CRC by down-regulating tumor cell-intrinsic PD-1 receptor via autophagy. (jcancer.org)
  • Intracellular lectins and glycan-modifying enzymes mediate autophagy and control host immunity and inflammation. (nature.com)
  • An herbal formula inhibits STAT3 signalling and attenuates bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Autophagy has a variety of complex physiological and pathophysiological roles, such as adaptation to nutrient starvation, clearance of damaged intracellular proteins and organelles, cell development, antiaging, elimination of microorganisms, cell death, tumor suppression, and antigen presentation. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Mechanistically, Pyk1-catalyzed H3pT11 directly reduces the binding of Dot1 to chromatin and inhibits Dot1-catalyzed H3K79me3, which leads to transcriptional repression of autophagy genes and reduced autophagy. (nih.gov)
  • Autophagy can further be regulated by several transcriptional factors such as NFkappaB and TFEB to promote expression of different autophagy genes and thus prolong autophagy activation ( 6 , 7 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • 2007). Autophagy: process and function, Genes & Dev. (moleculardevices.com)
  • In addition, they also interfere with the expression of regulator genes, CHOP , ATF4 , and XBP , which further alters lipid metabolism and autophagy. (medscape.com)
  • The expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, zonula occludens (ZO)-1, Beclin-1 and autophagy-related (atg) 5 mRNA was evaluated by quantitative PCR, and the expression of ZO-1, microtubule-associated proteins 1A/1B light chain 3B (LC3B) I and, LC3B II protein by Western blot. (karger.com)
  • Many studies have shown that activation of islet autophagy may enhance antioxidant response, leading to reduced oxidative stress and reduced apoptosis in high glucose stress [ 15 , 16 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In addition, during trehalose-stimulated autophagy, the cisplatin-induced activation of calpains is abrogated, suggesting the existence of a feedback loop between the autophagic process and calpains. (unisi.it)
  • Bacterial infection can trigger autophagy and inflammasome activation, but the effects of inflammasome activation on autophagy are unknown. (ox.ac.uk)
  • NLRC4 and caspase-1 activation following infection attenuated autophagy. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Thus, caspase-1 mediated TRIF cleavage is a key event in controlling autophagy, type I interferon production, and inflammasome activation with important functional consequences. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Upon autophagy activation, Atgs, serine/threonine kinase ULK1, and Beclin-1, in association with Atg14 and type III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Vps34, promote the formation of a cup-shaped isolation membrane to engulf the cargo ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Collectively, these data indicate that autophagy plays a beneficial role in normal cardiac tissues by preventing the accumulation of abnormal proteins or damaged organelles. (nih.gov)
  • The results show that Hcy-induced autophagy level is mediated by upregulation of TFEB. (lu.se)
  • However, the process via which autophagy promotes pancreatic cancer cell growth and survival have yet to be understood. (blogshub.org)
  • Rays therapy inhibits regional MPNST recurrence but will not boost patient survival. (islamophobiacon.com)
  • Astragaloside IV might suppress autophagy initiation directly or indirectly through suppressing the oxidative stress and inflammatory response, which further enhances the cell viability and tight junction and reduces apoptosis in LPS-stimulated pulmonary endothelial ARDS cell model, thus exerting its therapeutic function in ARDS. (karger.com)
  • In addition, TMZ effectively inhibited EndMT in ISO-treated rat hearts and TGF-β-treated HUVECs, as manifested by increased CD31 expression, decreased α-SMA expression, and suppressed cell migration. (dovepress.com)
  • The process is highly regulated by multiple signaling pathways and orchestrated by more than 30 autophagy-related (Atgs) proteins organized in several functional units ( 2 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • Autophagy is a natural process to orderly degrade and recycle cellular components [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Autophagy is a regulated process of degrading and recycling damaged proteins and organelles in response to cellular stress. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Cell surface recognition and cytosolic sensing of these molecules result in signaling cascades that promote rapid and localized autophagy machinery recruitment. (frontiersin.org)
  • Depending on PAMP/DAMP nature and localization, autophagy can selectively capture bacteria, such event is called xenophagy, damaged organelles, and other signaling platforms activated during the infection ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
  • We discuss here the contribution of glycan-lectin interactions to the initiation, execution and resolution of apoptosis and their emerging roles in other cell death programs including autophagy. (nature.com)
  • PDCD4 is a novel tumor suppressor which plays important roles by inhibiting protein translation or activator protein-1 (AP-1) transactivation and transformation, as well as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-dependent transcription. (endonews.com)
  • Roles of autophagy machinery in macrophage antibacterial defenses. (frontiersin.org)
  • Caspase-1 cleavage of the TLR adaptor TRIF inhibits autophagy and β-interferon production during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Expression of a caspase-1 resistant TRIF mutant enhanced autophagy and type I interferon production following infection. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Preventing TRIF cleavage by caspase-1 in an in vivo model of P. aeruginosa infection resulted in enhanced bacterial autophagy, attenuated IL-1β production, and increased bacterial clearance. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Quantitative measurements for detection of autophagy include total or average numbers of granules, the total or average areas of granules (subcellular objects), as well as intensity measurements. (moleculardevices.com)
  • In the CellReporterXpress software, Spot Segmentation was used to identify autophagy granules. (moleculardevices.com)
  • Consistently, exogenously stimulated autophagy, obtained with trehalose or calpains inhibitors (MDL-28170 and calpeptin), protects from cisplatin-induced apoptosis, and such a protection is reverted by inhibiting autophagy with 3-methyladenine or ATG5 silencing. (unisi.it)
  • In a therapeutic perspective, these findings suggest that the efficacy of cisplatin-based polychemotherapies for melanoma could be potentiated by inhibitors of autophagy. (unisi.it)
  • Together, these results uncover a histone crosstalk and provide insights into dynamic regulation of silent heterochromatin and autophagy in response to cell metabolism. (nih.gov)
  • Additionally, autophagy plays an important role in maintaining cell stability. (scienceopen.com)
  • Even though autophagy is altered in various cardiovascular diseases including cardiomyopathy and heart failure, its precise role in normal and pathological heart remains ambiguous. (nih.gov)
  • Autophagy plays an important role in cell growth, development and disease suppression. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Our Autophagy review summarizes the molecular mechanisms and physiology of autophagy, as well as the role of autophagy in certain disease states. (tocris.com)
  • Based on these in vitro findings, we examined the pathogenic role of hIAPP and its relation to autophagy in hIAPP-knockin mice. (jci.org)
  • Autophagy and its dysregulation has been found to play an important role in neurodegenerative diseases and cancers, therefore the discovery of novel therapeutic targets along this process has emerged as a promising approach for drug therapies. (moleculardevices.com)
  • The host cell exerts its self-clearing of toxic substances such as damaged proteins and organelles through autophagy processes [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The anti-apoptotic people from the BCL-2 family members (BCL-2, BCL-xL, BCL-w, MCL-1 and A-1) inhibit apoptosis by binding towards the multi-domain, PD98059 pro-apoptotic people (BAX and BAK), that are embedded within the mitochondrial external membrane. (islamophobiacon.com)