AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily BReceptors, TachykininReceptors, Neurokinin-1Killer Cells, NaturalSubstance PP-GlycoproteinReceptors, ImmunologicATP-Binding Cassette TransportersNuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 3Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 2Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2, Group C, Member 2Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 4, Group A, Member 1NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily DNK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily CNK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily AReceptors, KIRReceptors, NK Cell Lectin-LikeNuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 2Receptors, Natural Killer CellReceptors, Dopamine D1Receptors, Dopamine D2Dopamine AgonistsMolecular Sequence DataLectinsLectins, C-TypeReceptors, KIR2DL3Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 2, Group C, Member 1Amino Acid SequenceCytotoxicity, ImmunologicDopamine AntagonistsReceptors, KIR2DL1Antigens, LyQuinpiroleNK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily KMannose-Binding LectinLigandsBenzazepinesHLA-C AntigensAntigens, CDHistocompatibility Antigens Class I2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepinePlant LectinsSequence Homology, Amino AcidSignal TransductionReceptors, Cytoplasmic and NuclearAntigens, CD56Mice, Inbred C57BLReceptors, KIR3DL1Lymphocyte ActivationBase SequenceProgrammed Cell Death 1 ReceptorMethiothepinCell LineNuclear Receptor Subfamily 6, Group A, Member 1Membrane GlycoproteinsSumatriptanReceptors, SteroidFenoldopamCloning, MolecularReceptors, IgGNatural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 1Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 6Receptors, KIR2DL2Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group D, Member 1RNA, MessengerCells, CulturedReceptors, Dopamine D5Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like LectinsHistocompatibility Antigen H-2DNuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 1Cytotoxicity Tests, ImmunologicReceptors, Dopamine D3Lymphocyte SubsetsDopamineReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionFlow CytometryHLA-G AntigensDomperidoneSalicylamidesReceptors, KIR2DL4HLA AntigensInterferon-gammaImmunity, InnateReceptors, SerotoninMice, KnockoutProtein BindingProtein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 11MetergolineSulpirideKetanserinTranscription FactorsReceptors, DopamineSpiperoneSelf ToleranceReceptors, Dopamine D4Antigens, SurfaceInterleukin-2T-LymphocytesReceptors, KIR3DL2Natural Cytotoxicity Triggering Receptor 2
Killer cell lectin-like receptorCytokineLigandsLymphocytesFlow cytometric analysisAntigen ReceptorsSurface receptorsTransmembrane receptorActivationNKG2APhenotypeLigandAntigensGenesKLRG1Natural killeImmune cellsPeripheral bloodRecognitionAnti-inflammatory effectsDendriticProteinsSpecificityAdenosineBindsInhibitImmunotherapiesMoleculesVitroRegulationLy49BasophilsSignalsSpleenTumor cellNKG2DTargetingDistinctInflammatoryPopulationsCytoplasmicSimilarlyAbstract
Killer cell lectin-like receptor4
  • Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily G member 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KLRG1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the killer cell lectin-like receptor (KLR) family, which is a group of transmembrane proteins preferentially expressed in NK cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • CD314, also known as NKG2D (natural killer receptor G2D) or KLRK1 (killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily K, member 1), is a homodimeric C-type lectin-like activating receptor and costimulator with type II membrane orientation (C teminus extracellular). (exbio.cz)
  • NK1.1 (Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1, KLRB1, NKR-P1A, CD161, cluster of differentiation 161), refers to Natural Killer (NK) cells, lymphocytes that mediate cytotoxicity and secrete cytokines after immune stimulation. (thermofisher.com)
Cytokine4
  • Activating and inhibitory receptors on synovial fluid natural killer cells of arthritis patients: role of CD94/NKG2A in control of cytokine secretion. (ox.ac.uk)
  • We conclude that synovial NK cells have an activated phenotype and that CD94/NKG2A is a key regulator of synovial NK-cell cytokine synthesis. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A low affinity interleukin-5 receptor subunit that combines with the CYTOKINE RECEPTOR COMMON BETA SUBUNIT to form a high affinity receptor for INTERLEUKIN-5. (harvard.edu)
  • Supplementary MaterialsCorrelation network analysis reveals relationships between microRNAs, transcription factor and deregulated cytokine/chemokine-receptor network in pulmonary sarcoidosis 121378. (thebiotechdictionary.com)
Ligands5
  • Its ligands are E-cadherin and N-cadherin with similar affinities, respective markers of epithelial and mesenchymal cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • Since its discovery in 2000, initial in vitro studies have found that the engagement of Siglec-8 with a monoclonal antibody or with selective polyvalent sialoglycan ligands induced the cell death of eosinophils and inhibited mast cell degranulation. (mdpi.com)
  • Regulation of ligands for the activating receptor NKG2D. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Most normal tissues do not express ligands for NKG2D, but ligand expression has been documented in tumour and virus-infected cells, leading to lysis of these cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The NK cell research toolkit product contains three classes of genes: ligands, surface receptors, and transcription factors. (freegenes.org)
Lymphocytes5
  • Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes that can mediate lysis of certain tumor cells and virus-infected cells without previous activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • Separation of human CD314 positive CD56 positive NK cells (red-filled) from CD314 negative CD56 negative lymphocytes (black-dashed) in flow cytometry analysis (surface staining) of human peripheral whole blood stained using anti-human CD314 (1D11) APC antibody. (exbio.cz)
  • Natural Killer group 2D (NKG2D) has recently emerged as a major activating receptor on T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Hematologic malignancy evades immune-mediated recognition through upregulating various checkpoint inhibitory receptors (IRs) on several types of lymphocytes. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition to antiviral activity, it activates NATURAL KILLER CELLS and B-LYMPHOCYTES , and down-regulates VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR expression through PI-3 KINASE and MAPK KINASES signaling pathways. (lookformedical.com)
Flow cytometric analysis2
  • Two-color flow cytometric analysis of NK-1.1 expression on mouse splenocytes. (bdbiosciences.com)
  • Applications Reported: PK136 has been reported for use in flow cytometric analysis, depletion of NK cells, and in vitro functional studies. (thermofisher.com)
Antigen Receptors1
  • The NK Cell Research Toolkit enables researchers to examine the effects of distinct molecules on NK cells' targeting and eradication of discrete tumor cell types, and to design novel chimeric antigen receptors to modify endogenous signaling pathways. (freegenes.org)
Surface receptors1
  • Siglecs (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectins) are single-pass cell surface receptors that have inhibitory activities on immune cells. (mdpi.com)
Transmembrane receptor1
  • G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute a large family of integral transmembrane receptor proteins that play a central role in signal transduction in eukaryotes. (biomedcentral.com)
Activation8
  • However, compared to this PB subset the synovial NK cells express a higher degree of activation markers including CD69 and NKp44, the latter being up-regulated also on CD56(bright) NK cells in the PB of patients. (ox.ac.uk)
  • NKG2A functions intrinsically within ECTV-specific CD8 + T cells to limit excessive activation, prevent apoptosis, and preserve the specific CD8 + T cell response. (wustl.edu)
  • Thus, CD94/NKG2A expression is a common consequence of CD8(+) T cell activation. (duke.edu)
  • However, expression of CD94 and NKG2A transgenes partially inhibited early events of T cell activation. (duke.edu)
  • The genes listed here can be expressed on NK cells, feeder cells, or tumor cells to study individual NK cell signaling pathways, strengths of activation of different receptor-ligand interactions, and whether certain NK cells are more or less resistant to inhibitory cues from cancer cells. (freegenes.org)
  • A role for the src family kinase Fyn in NK cell activation and the formation of the repertoire of Ly49 receptors. (unil.ch)
  • The key role in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis is played by proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, molecules crucially involved in the activation of immune and inflammatory cells and their trafficking to the site of disease [4]. (thebiotechdictionary.com)
  • A heterodimeric protein that is a cell surface antigen associated with lymphocyte activation. (wakehealth.edu)
NKG2A6
  • Activated synovial NK cells produced interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor, and the production was further up-regulated by antibody masking of CD94/NKG2A, and down-regulated by target cells expressing human leucocyte antigen-E in complex with peptides known to engage CD94/NKG2A. (ox.ac.uk)
  • NKG2A, which is encoded by Klrc1, is a lectin-like inhibitory receptor that is expressed as a heterodimer with CD94 on NK cells and activated CD8 + T cells. (wustl.edu)
  • Thus, although inhibitory receptors often cause T cell exhaustion and viral spreading during chronic viral infections, NKG2A optimizes CD8 + T cell responses during an acute poxvirus infection. (wustl.edu)
  • The expression of CD94/NKG2A was rapidly initiated in naive CD8(+) T cells responding to peptide Ags in vitro and on many of the naive T cells that proliferate when transferred into lymphopenic (Rag-1(-/-)) hosts. (duke.edu)
  • Binding of the CD94/NKG2A receptor by its ligand (Qa-1(b)) did not significantly inhibit CD8(+) T cell effector functions. (duke.edu)
  • These subtle effects suggest that CD94/NKG2A-mediated inhibition of T cells may be limited to particular circumstances or may synergize with other receptors that are similarly up-regulated. (duke.edu)
Phenotype3
  • To further understand the role for NK cells in inflammation, we investigated the phenotype and function of synovial fluid (SF) NK cells from patients with chronic joint inflammation, as well as from patients with transient inflammation of the knee following trauma. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These NK cell receptors are also expressed by certain memory phenotype CD8(+) T cells, and in some cases are up-regulated in T cells responding to viral infection. (duke.edu)
  • The transcription factors can be transduced or transfected into NK cells to alter their behavior or phenotype. (freegenes.org)
Ligand4
  • The NKG2D-ligand interaction triggers an activating signal in the cell expressing NKG2D and this promotes cytotoxic lysis of the cell expressing the ligand. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, how the dynamics and functions of these receptor networks remain unknown, this review addresses the recent findings of the relevance of this complex receptor-ligand system and discusses their potential approaches in translating these preclinical findings into novel clinical agents in anti-leukemia immunotherapy. (bvsalud.org)
  • NKR-P1A, the receptor encoded by the KLRB1 gene, recognizes Lectin Like Transcript-1 (LLT1) as a functional ligand. (thermofisher.com)
  • ACKR3 binds the chemokine CXCL12 (stromal cell-derived factor 1, SDF-1 which is also a ligand for CXCR4). (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
Antigens1
  • It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES. (lookformedical.com)
Genes3
  • Several genes of the C-type lectin superfamily, including the rodent NKRP1 family of glycoproteins, are expressed by NK cells and may be involved in the regulation of NK cell function. (thermofisher.com)
  • Using these genes, researchers can manipulate NK cells, cancer cells, and "feeder" cells (i.e. cells used to trigger NK cell proliferation). (freegenes.org)
  • This is evident at the subfamily level comparisons since Ciona GPCR sequences are significantly analogous to vertebrate GPCR subfamilies even while exhibiting Ciona specific genes. (biomedcentral.com)
KLRG12
  • KLRG1 is a lymphocyte co-inhibitory, or immune checkpoint, receptor expressed predominantly on late-differentiated effector and effector memory CD8+ T and NK cells. (wikipedia.org)
  • The characterization of KLRG1 as a "senescent" marker, but other co-inhibitory receptors as "exhaustion" markers, has contributed to relatively fewer studies on this molecule. (wikipedia.org)
Natural kille1
  • Description: The PK136 monoclonal antibody reacts with mouse NK1.1, an antigen expressed by natural killer cells and a subset of T cells in the NK1.1 mouse strains including C57BL and NZB. (thermofisher.com)
Immune cells3
  • Adenosine signaling through the A2A receptor expressed on immune cells, such as T cells, potently dampens immune responses. (bvsalud.org)
  • Mepolizumab targets multiple immune cells in aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. (harvard.edu)
  • Adenosine exerts anti-inflammatory effects on a number of immune cells types. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
Peripheral blood2
  • We confirm that synovial NK cells are similar to the well-characterized CD56(bright) peripheral blood (PB) NK-cell subset present in healthy individuals. (ox.ac.uk)
  • One of the type I interferons produced by peripheral blood leukocytes or lymphoblastoid cells. (lookformedical.com)
Recognition2
  • NK cells express several families of receptors that play central roles in target cell recognition. (duke.edu)
  • Wu J, Groh V, Spies T: T cell antigen receptor engagement and specificity in the recognition of stress-inducible MHC class I-related chains by human epithelial gamma delta T cells. (exbio.cz)
Anti-inflammatory effects1
  • Anti-Siglec-8 antibody administration in vivo to humanized and transgenic mice selectively expressing Siglec-8 on mouse eosinophils and mast cells confirmed the in vitro findings, and identified additional anti-inflammatory effects. (mdpi.com)
Dendritic1
Proteins3
  • Therefore, specific localization patterns of GEFs and GTPase-activating proteins, and a molecular network of their regulation underlie the spatiotemporal control of Rho GTPases activities in the cells. (life-science-alliance.org)
  • Proteins secreted by vertebrate cells in response to a wide variety of inducers. (lookformedical.com)
  • Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. (lookformedical.com)
Specificity1
  • A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype that has specificity for TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA and LYMPHOTOXIN ALPHA. (childrensmercy.org)
Adenosine2
Binds1
  • PHOSPHORYLATION of IRF-3 causes the protein to be translocated from the CYTOPLASM to CELL NUCLEUS where it binds DNA , and activates transcription. (lookformedical.com)
Inhibit1
  • They confer resistance against many different viruses, inhibit proliferation of normal and malignant cells, impede multiplication of intracellular parasites, enhance macrophage and granulocyte phagocytosis, augment natural killer cell activity, and show several other immunomodulatory functions. (lookformedical.com)
Immunotherapies1
  • Natural Killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system with inherent cancer cell-killing capabilities, providing an exciting alternative to costly custom T cell immunotherapies. (freegenes.org)
Molecules1
Vitro1
  • Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. (lookformedical.com)
Regulation2
  • The up-regulation of these receptors was independent of IL-15 and persisted long after clearance of the pathogen. (duke.edu)
  • Regulation of myelopoiesis through syntenin-mediated modulation of IL-5 receptor output. (harvard.edu)
Ly491
  • conversely, very few Ag-specific T cells expressed Ly49 family members. (duke.edu)
Basophils1
  • Among these, Siglec-8 is a CD33-related family member selectively expressed on human mast cells and eosinophils, and at low levels on basophils. (mdpi.com)
Signals3
  • The outcome of an encounter between a cytotoxic cell and a potential target cell depends on the balance of signals from inhibitory and activating receptors. (ox.ac.uk)
  • The activated receptor signals via a conserved death domain that associates with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM. (childrensmercy.org)
  • The interferon alpha-beta receptor signals through the action of JANUS KINASES such as the TYK2 KINASE. (lookformedical.com)
Spleen1
  • Simultaneous staining of C57BL/6 spleen cells with PK136 and DX5 reveals coexpression of both markers by a majority of cells as well as presence of small populations of DX5+PK136- and DX5-PK136+ cells. (thermofisher.com)
Tumor cell1
  • It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. (lookformedical.com)
NKG2D1
  • The mouse monoclonal antibody 1D11 recognizes an extracellular epitope of CD314 / NKG2D, a 42 kDa C-type lectin-like activating receptor expressed by NK cells, gamma/delta T cells, and CD8+ T cells. (exbio.cz)
Targeting1
  • Targeting of other co-inhibitory receptors for applications in oncology has gained widespread interest (e.g. (wikipedia.org)
Distinct1
Inflammatory4
  • Natural killer (NK) cells are activated early during inflammatory events and contribute to the shaping of the ensuing adaptive immune response. (ox.ac.uk)
  • These cells can participate in inflammatory responses by releasing mediators that attract or activate other cells, contributing to the pathogenesis of allergic and non-allergic diseases. (mdpi.com)
  • CB 2 receptor on eosinophils mainly mediates anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions e.g. downregulation of pro-inflammatory mediator release. (guidetomalariapharmacology.org)
  • To elicit innate and adaptive immune responses, inflammatory cells must efficiently migrate through the complex, physiological environments in the body. (life-science-alliance.org)
Populations1
  • Engagement of CD314 amplifies antigen-specific T cell responses in CD314-positive T cell populations. (exbio.cz)
Cytoplasmic1
  • The KLRB1 protein contains an extracellular domain with several motifs characteristic of C-type lectins, a transmembrane domain, and a cytoplasmic domain. (thermofisher.com)
Similarly1
  • The activating or inhibitory receptors can similarly be transduced or transfected into NK cells to perturb their behavior. (freegenes.org)
Abstract1
  • abstract = "CD8+ T cells and NK cells protect from viral infections by killing virally infected cells and secreting interferon-γ. (wustl.edu)