• To understand how ICC neurons integrate excitatory and inhibitory inputs for processing temporal information, we examined postsynaptic responses of ICC neurons to repetitive stimulation of the lateral lemniscus at 10-100 Hz in rat brain slices. (jneurosci.org)
  • The results indicate that GABA A receptor-mediated inhibition plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of excitation and inhibition and in allowing ICC neurons to process temporal information more precisely. (jneurosci.org)
  • The physiological responses of ICC neurons depend on the interaction between excitatory and inhibitory action, which provides a mechanism for processing auditory temporal information ( Casseday and Covey, 1995 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • 2002a , b ), little is known about how activation of receptors influences temporal processing in ICC neurons. (jneurosci.org)
  • Although changes in cell surface GABA(A) receptor number have been postulated to be of importance in modulating inhibitory synaptic transmission, little is currently known on the mechanism used by neurons to modify surface receptor levels at inhibitory synapses. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Here we show that constitutive internalization of GABA(A) receptors in hippocampal neurons and recombinant receptors expressed in A293 cells is mediated by clathrin- dependent endocytosis. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • GABA(A) receptors also colocalize with AP2 in cultured hippocampal neurons. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • It has long been recognized that the fast response of neurons to GABA that is stimulated by bicuculline and picrotoxin is due to direct activation of an anion channel. (wikipedia.org)
  • The suppression involved the ability of male flies to detect females by contact chemosensation through the pheromone-sensing ion channel ppk29 and was mediated by male-specific GABAergic neurons acting on the GABAA receptor RDL in target cells. (nih.gov)
  • Ethanol binds to postsynaptic GABAA receptors (inhibitory neurons). (medscape.com)
  • Upregulating or increasing the number of serotonin receptors can allow the serotonin that is already present to have more opportunity to stimulate the related neurons. (mentalhelp.net)
  • MG also demonstrated sedative effects at high doses, a hallmark of drugs that activate inhibitory GABA receptors on neurons. (sciencedaily.com)
  • In collaboration with Leigh Plant, now at Brandeis University, the researchers demonstrated that MG activated GABA-A receptors on neurons, a previously unknown inhibitory mechanism. (sciencedaily.com)
  • We also review current models for the mechanisms of GABA-mediated synchronization of neural activity, focusing on parvalbumin-positive GABA neurons, which are altered in schizophrenia and whose function has been strongly linked to the production of neural synchrony. (hindawi.com)
  • In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical studies have shown that Purkinje cells (PCs), the output neurons of the cerebellar cortex, are the neuron type with the highest levels of GABA B receptors (Bowery et al. (springer.com)
  • Vigot and Batini 1997 ), the spatial relationship of GABA B and their effector ion channels in various subcellular compartments of central neurons remains mostly unknown. (springer.com)
  • Inhibitory neurons in the midbrain spatial attention network, called isthmi pars magnocellularis (Imc), control stimulus selection by the sensorimotor and attentional hub, the optic tectum (OT). (nature.com)
  • We find that focal, reversible blockade of GABAergic input onto Imc neurons disconnects their extraclassical inhibitory surrounds, but leaves intact their classical inhibitory surrounds. (nature.com)
  • The excitatory center and classical inhibitory surround of the RF together control the responses of neurons to a stimulus inside the RF, whereas the extraclassical surround controls the modulation of the neuron's responses by a competing stimulus outside the RF. (nature.com)
  • Anti-GAD65 antibody (Ab) acts on the terminals of inhibitory neurons that suppress GABA release, whereas anti-VGCC, anti-mGluR1, and anti-GluR Abs impair LTD induction. (springer.com)
  • First, since chained inhibitory neurons shape the output signals through the mechanism of disinhibition/inhibition, impairments of GABA release and LTD distort the conversion process from the "internal model" to the output signals. (springer.com)
  • This variation has been useful experimentally to identify the structurally heterogeneous populations of receptors produced in neurons and has raised the possibility that selective drugs could be developed to target specific GABAR isoforms. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Properties of GABAA receptors underlying inhibitory synaptic currents in neocortical pyramidal neurons. (yale.edu)
  • Susceptible neuronal populations also include inhibitory neurons in the thalamic Reticular Nucleus. (cdc.gov)
  • GABA A inhibition suppressed activation of NMDA receptors and reduced both the degree of AMPA EPSC depression and the extent of temporal summation of NMDA EPSCs. (jneurosci.org)
  • Type A GABA receptors (GABA(A)) mediate the majority of fast synaptic inhibition in the brain and are believed to be predominantly composed of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • In addition, activation of GABA receptors lead to the so-called shunting inhibition, which reduces the excitability of the cell independent of the changes in membrane potential. (wikipedia.org)
  • Possibly the closest related disease is tetanus because both conditions affect peripheral inhibition via central mechanisms and both conditions inhibit central gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems. (medscape.com)
  • Stimulation of postsynaptic GABA B receptors generally triggers inhibition of adenylate cyclase and activation of G protein-gated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK/Kir3) channels, leading to cell hyperpolarisation (Kaupmann et al. (springer.com)
  • In this regard, CBD inhibition of 5-HT 3 receptors may contribute to its role in modulation of nociception and emesis, potentiation of GABA receptors may account for its anti-seizure, anxiolytic and analgesic effects, and potentiation of glycine receptors may be relevant for CBD anti-nociceptive actions [3,16, 22] . (researchgate.net)
  • 2015 ) A Comprehensive Optogenetic Pharmacology Toolkit for In Vivo Control of GABAA Receptors and Synaptic Inhibition. (neurotree.org)
  • 2014 ) Engineering a light-regulated GABAA receptor for optical control of neural inhibition. (neurotree.org)
  • 2014 ) Light-Regulated GABAA Receptors: An Optogenetic Toolset for Studying Neural Inhibition Biophysical Journal . (neurotree.org)
  • 2012 ) Optical Control of Neuronal Inhibition with Genetically Engineered Light Inhibited GABAA Receptors (Li-GABARs) Biophysical Journal . (neurotree.org)
  • Proximal cortical feedback inputs can relieve the tonic Mg block of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) at distal synapses and gate dendrodendritic inhibition onto mitral cells. (jneurosci.org)
  • In addition, the lack of inhibition of the NMDA receptors may lead to seizures and delirium. (medscape.com)
  • The excitatory synaptic currents mediated by AMPA and NMDA receptors and the inhibitory current mediated by GABA A receptors were pharmacologically isolated and recorded by whole-cell patch-clamp techniques. (jneurosci.org)
  • The response kinetics of AMPA receptor-mediated EPSCs and GABA A receptor-mediated IPSCs were similar and much faster than those of NMDA receptor-mediated EPSCs. (jneurosci.org)
  • With a single pulse of current stimulation, the AMPA, NMDA, and GABA A receptor-mediated responses overlap each other temporally. (jneurosci.org)
  • In this study, we recorded the postsynaptic responses to repetitive stimulation of the lateral lemniscus and examined the effects of AMPA, NMDA, and GABA A receptor antagonists. (jneurosci.org)
  • Most of the clinical effects can be explained by the interaction of ethanol with various neurotransmitters and neuroreceptors in the brain, including those interacting with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (NMDA), and opiates. (medscape.com)
  • The main ionotropic receptors (GABAA, NMDA and AMPA) display a sequential participation in neuronal excitation in the neonatal hippocampus. (nih.gov)
  • Glutamatergic synaptic transmission is first purely NMDA-receptor based and lacks functional AMPA receptors. (nih.gov)
  • However, when GABA and glutamatergic synapses are coactivated during the physiological patterns of activity, GABAA receptors can facilitate the activation of NMDA receptors, playing the role conferred to AMPA receptors later on in development. (nih.gov)
  • Glutamate binds to NMDA receptors which tell the cell to open up calcium ions channels. (osmosis.org)
  • 2010 ) MHC class I modulates NMDA receptor function and AMPA receptor trafficking. (neurotree.org)
  • Tetanic stimulation of axons in the granule cell layer (GCL) not only activates granule cells but also relieves the Mg blockade of NMDA receptors at distal dendrodendritic synapses ( Halabisky and Strowbridge, 2003 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • NMDA antagonist, ketamine and α2 receptor antagonist, dexmedetomidine did not affect OX cell activity in the LH and PFH. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Ethanol also acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist. (medscape.com)
  • The clinical manifestations of ethanol withdrawal are due to the combination of effects on the GABA and NMDA receptors. (medscape.com)
  • Sanesco Prolent is used in Initial, Restoration, and Maintenance phases to rebuild or maintain the inhibitory system of neurotransmitters and/or to continue inhibitory support while rebuilding the excitatory system. (longnaturalhealth.com)
  • L-glycine is added as one of the CNS's inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters. (longnaturalhealth.com)
  • Rebuilding these inhibitory neurotransmitters generally constitutes the first step in the Initial Phase of addressing neurotransmitter imbalance. (longnaturalhealth.com)
  • 1] Resulting changes in the inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters disrupt the neurochemical balance in the brain, causing symptoms of withdrawal. (medscape.com)
  • The symptomatic effects of drug abuse are a result of alterations in the functioning of the following neurotransmitters or their receptors: acetylcholine, dopamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, norepinephrine, opioids and serotonin. (aafp.org)
  • Specific signs and symptoms are associated with the neurotransmitters and receptors affected by each drug class. (aafp.org)
  • By recognizing symptomatic changes related to particular neurotransmitters and their receptors, family physicians can accurately determine the drug class and intervene appropriately to counteract drug-induced effects. (aafp.org)
  • Rather, all known abused drugs affect a limited number of neurotransmitters by agonism or antagonism of a specific receptor site 2 ( Table 1 ) . (aafp.org)
  • Some neurotransmitters bind to the receptors and tell the cell to open up the ion channels and relay an electrical message and these are called excitatory neurotransmitters. (osmosis.org)
  • But there are others which can close the ion channels and prevent an electrical message from going through and these are called inhibitory neurotransmitters. (osmosis.org)
  • Ketamine affects glutamate and GABA -- excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters of the brain. (webmd.com)
  • This leads to a loss of the inhibitory control of excitatory neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, glutamate, and dopamine. (medscape.com)
  • Additionally, CBD impacts GABA receptors responsible for inhibitory neurotransmission, enhancing relaxation. (stophavingaboringlife.com)
  • γ-Aminobutyric acid A (GABA A ) receptors (GABARs) are responsible for most fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the mammalian brain. (aspetjournals.org)
  • GABA receptors are a family of chloride ion channels that mediate inhibitory neurotransmission. (medscape.com)
  • However, the excitatory GABA theory has been questioned as potentially being an artefact of experimental conditions, with most data acquired in in-vitro brain slice experiments susceptible to un-physiological milieu such as deficient energy metabolism and neuronal damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • The controversy arose when a number of studies have shown that GABA in neonatal brain slices becomes inhibitory if glucose in perfusate is supplemented with ketone bodies, pyruvate, or lactate, or that the excitatory GABA was an artefact of neuronal damage. (wikipedia.org)
  • It's a completely different system that is tying neuronal inhibitory tone into metabolic activity," Palmer said. (sciencedaily.com)
  • Increasing activity of GABA slows down the brain and reduces neuronal activity. (drugscience.org.uk)
  • Members of this superfamily, which includes nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, GABAA receptors, glycine and 5-HT3 receptors, possess a characteristic loop formed by a disulfide bond between two cysteine residues. (wikipedia.org)
  • GABARs belong to the superfamily of ligand-gated ion channels that includes the glycine, nicotinic cholinergic (nAChR), and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Glycine: Major inhibitory neurotransmitter that crosses the blood-brain barrier (5). (bayho.com)
  • 2020 ) Relocation of an Extrasynaptic GABA Receptor to Inhibitory Synapses Freezes Excitatory Synaptic Strength and Preserves Memory. (neurotree.org)
  • Most excitatory synapses we examined onto granule cells activated both NMDARs and AMPA receptors, whereas a subpopulation appeared to be NMDAR silent. (jneurosci.org)
  • Increased number of synaptic GABA(A) receptors underlies potentiation at hippocampal inhibitory synapses. (yale.edu)
  • In ionotropic GABAA receptors, binding of GABA molecules to their binding sites in the extracellular part of the receptor triggers opening of a chloride ion-selective pore. (wikipedia.org)
  • There have been numerous reports of excitatory GABAA receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Others have argued that the differences between GABAС and GABAA receptors are large enough to justify maintaining the distinction between these two subclasses of GABA receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, since GABAС receptors are closely related in sequence, structure, and function to GABAA receptors and since other GABAA receptors besides those containing ρ subunits appear to exhibit GABAС pharmacology, the Nomenclature Committee of the IUPHAR has recommended that the GABAС term no longer be used and these ρ receptors should be designated as the ρ subfamily of the GABAA receptors (GABAA-ρ). (wikipedia.org)
  • Despite evidence that some endogenous and synthetic cannabinoids interact with GABAA receptors, no-one has yet investigated the effects of CBD. (researchgate.net)
  • Here we used two-electrode voltage clamp electrophysiology to compare the actions of CBD with those of the major central endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) on human recombinant GABAA receptors (synaptic α1-6βg2 and extrasynaptic α4β2δ) expressed on Xenopus oocytes. (researchgate.net)
  • Taken together these results reveal a mode of action of CBD on specifically configured GABAA receptors that may be relevant to the anticonvulsant and anxiolytic effects of the compound. (researchgate.net)
  • Metabotropic GABA B receptors mediate slow inhibitory effects presynaptically and postsynaptically through the modulation of different effector signalling pathways. (springer.com)
  • Spontaneous and GABAR single-channel currents from α1β3ε receptors had single-channel conductances of ∼24 pS. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Exploration of extrasynaptic α4β2δ receptors revealed that both compounds enhanced GABA EC5 evoked currents at concentrations ranging from 0.01-1 μM. (researchgate.net)
  • Suntheanine is an excellent GABA agonist. (longnaturalhealth.com)
  • Theanine is a GABA agonist. (vagarights.com)
  • Taurine: Neuroprotective amino acid that provides antioxidant protection and demonstrates GABA-A agonist activity (7-9). (bayho.com)
  • This action is mediated by its agonist effects upon the inhibitory GABA (the chief inhibitory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate central nervous system. (americanaquariumproducts.com)
  • GABA receptors influence neural function by coordinating with glutamatergic processes. (wikipedia.org)
  • In vivo recordings, however, suggest that unlike glutamatergic mitral cells, inhibitory granule cells are only weakly activated after sensory stimulation ( Cang and Isaacson, 2003 ). (jneurosci.org)
  • RL-007 is an orally available compound that modulates cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABA-B receptors, thereby putatively altering the excitatory/inhibitory balance in the brain to produce pro-cognitive effects. (financialcontent.com)
  • whereas GABAB receptors are G protein-coupled receptors, also called metabotropic receptors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore, we identify an interaction between the GABA(A) receptor beta and gamma subunits with the adaptin complex AP2, which is critical for the recruitment of integral membrane proteins into clathrin-coated pits. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • GABAС receptors are exclusively composed of ρ (rho) subunits that are related to GABAA receptor subunits. (wikipedia.org)
  • Functional GABA B receptors are obligate heterodimers composed of GABA B1 and GABA B2 subunits, and they are implicated in a number of disorders, including cognitive impairments, nociception, anxiety, depression and epilepsy (Bettler et al. (springer.com)
  • A new γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor (GABAR) subunit class, ε, has recently been cloned and shown to form functional channels when coexpressed with both α and β subunits. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Receptors containing an α6 subunit were about 10-fold more sensitive to amiloride than those containing other α subunits. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Chronic ethanol exposure has been found to alter gene expression and to increase cellular internalization of certain subunits, affecting the type of GABA receptors that are available at the cell surface and the synapse. (medscape.com)
  • Native responses of the GABAC receptor type occur in retinal bipolar or horizontal cells across vertebrate species. (wikipedia.org)
  • However, spontaneous channel activity has been reported in recombinant α4β1 receptors as well as β1 or β3 homomeric receptors, although these isoforms are insensitive to activation by GABA. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We measured its effects on recombinant GABARs to determine its mechanism of action at mammalian receptors and to examine the effect of subunit composition. (aspetjournals.org)
  • We examined the effect of amiloride on the activity of recombinant GABARs expressed transiently in L929 fibroblasts to determine its mechanism of action on mammalian GABARs and to determine whether the subunit composition of the receptor influenced its sensitivity to amiloride. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Activation of adenosine receptors is thought to produce a feeling of calm and contentment. (mentalhelp.net)
  • During withdrawal from alcohol, the loss of GABA-A receptor stimulation causes a reduction in chloride flux and is associated with tremors, diaphoresis, tachycardia, anxiety, and seizures. (medscape.com)
  • GABA binds to GABA receptors, which tell the cell to open up chloride ion channels. (osmosis.org)
  • Binds receptors that regulate temperature during sleep (6). (bayho.com)
  • Among these diverse features, it should be acknowledged that auto-antibodies toward glutamate receptors, GABA receptors, and K + channel-related proteins are preferentially found in autoimmune limbic encephalitis but not in IMCAs [ 10 ] (Table 1 ). (springer.com)
  • A subclass of ionotropic GABA receptors, insensitive to typical allosteric modulators of GABAA receptor channels such as benzodiazepines and barbiturates, was designated GABAС receptor. (wikipedia.org)
  • CBD and 2-AG were positive allosteric modulators at α1-6βγ2 receptors, with low micromolar potencies. (researchgate.net)
  • The autoantigens include glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65), voltage-gated Ca 2+ channel (VGCC), metabotropic glutamate receptor type 1 (mGluR1), and glutamate receptor delta (GluRdelta). (springer.com)
  • The herb seems to downregulate (reduce the number of) beta-adrenergic receptors and upregulate (increase the number of) serotonin receptors. (mentalhelp.net)
  • CBD may improve mood and sense of well-being by influencing the body's endocannabinoid system and the serotonin receptors. (stophavingaboringlife.com)
  • The maximal level of enhancement seen with either CBD or 2-AG were on α2-containing GABAA receptor subtypes, with approximately a 4-fold enhancement of the GABA EC5 evoked current, more than twice the potentiation seen with other α-subunit receptor combinations. (researchgate.net)
  • We report that the combination of α1β3ε subunit subtypes expressed in L929 cells produced functional chloride ion channels that were both spontaneously active and gated by the application of extracellular GABA. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These data extend the pharmacological characterization of ε-containing GABARs and demonstrate that incorporation of the ε subunit permits spontaneous channel gating while preserving the structural information necessary for GABA sensitivity. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The activity of most of these modulators depends upon the subunit composition of the receptor. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Although several other modulators have specific effects at α6-containing receptors, amiloride is the first inhibitor to be reported with no additional dependence on the identity of the β or γ subunit. (aspetjournals.org)
  • In studies focused on the control of neurotransmitter release, it was noted that a GABA receptor was responsible for modulating evoked release in a variety of isolated tissue preparations. (wikipedia.org)
  • therefore, activation of these receptors can regulate mood. (mentalhelp.net)
  • The serotonin 5-HT1A Receptor is believed to regulate mood and anxiety levels, while CB1 and CB2 Receptors spread throughout the body regulate stress responses and emotional processing. (stophavingaboringlife.com)
  • and CB1 receptors in the endocannabinoid system, which regulate the sleep-wake cycle. (stophavingaboringlife.com)
  • Therefore, cognitive deficits in schizophrenia may result from a GABA synapse dysfunction that disturbs neural synchrony. (hindawi.com)
  • the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG), THC and CBD potentiate GABA A receptors [21, 22] . (researchgate.net)
  • Th ese include genes coding for GABA and endocannabinoid receptors, which are usually downregulated during epileptogenesis, opening up the possibility of interfering with their expression by gene therapy approaches to block the development of recurrent seizures. (lu.se)
  • Determining the mechanisms underlying the development of this 'ménage à trois' will shed light not only on the wide range of trophic roles of glutamate and GABA in the developing brain, but also on the significance of the transition from neonatal to adult forms of plasticity. (nih.gov)
  • Chronic ethanol abuse seems to modify the GABA receptor via several mechanisms, leading to a decrease in GABA activity. (medscape.com)
  • There are two classes of GABA receptors: GABAA and GABAB. (wikipedia.org)
  • A slow response to GABA is mediated by GABAB receptors, originally defined on the basis of pharmacological properties. (wikipedia.org)
  • RL-007's unique pharmacology as a GABA/nicotinic modulator, acute onset of action, and excellent tolerability profile differentiates it from competitor pipeline options," stated Srinivas Rao, atai Co-Founder and Chief Scientific Officer. (financialcontent.com)
  • These results suggest that GABA(A) receptors cycle between the synaptic membrane and intracellular sites, and their association with AP2 followed by recruitment into clathrin- coated pits represents an important mechanism in the postsynaptic modulation of inhibitory synaptic transmission. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • A novel mechanism for anxiety behaviors, including a previously unrecognized inhibitory brain signal, may inspire new strategies for treating psychiatric disorders, researchers report. (sciencedaily.com)
  • According to the excitatory GABA theory, this phenomenon is due to increased intracellular concentration of Cl¯ ions either during development of the nervous system or in certain cell populations. (wikipedia.org)
  • Most GABAR isoforms require binding of GABA to initiate entry into open states. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Therefore, it probably represents a unique modulatory site on the GABAR, which could be useful for developing drugs targeting these receptors. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The selective activity of amiloride could also be helpful for isolating the contribution of receptors composed of α6 subtypes in heterogeneous native GABAR populations. (aspetjournals.org)
  • The γ-aminobutyric acid A (GABA A ) receptor (GABAR) is a target for many clinically and experimentally important drugs. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Psychedelic drugs stimulate serotonin release, and sedative-hypnotic drugs potentiate the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor. (aafp.org)
  • Using electrophysiological approaches, we showed that decreased reelin levels impair the maturation of GABAergic synaptic transmission without affecting the inhibitory nature of GABA. (frontiersin.org)
  • Since then, using technology such as in-vivo electrophysiology/imaging and optogenetics, two in-vivo studies have reported the effect of GABA on neonatal brain, and both have shown that GABA is indeed overall inhibitory, with its activation in the developing rodent brain not resulting in network activation, and instead leading to a decrease of activity. (wikipedia.org)
  • Several reports have shown modulation of Cys-loop receptors by phytocannabinoids and endocannabinoids independent of cannabinoid receptors with potential physiological or therapeutic consequences. (researchgate.net)
  • CBD modulation of Cys-loop receptors has pharmacological relevance. (researchgate.net)
  • Ethanol interacts with GABA receptors, enhancing activity. (medscape.com)
  • Fast-responding GABA receptors are members of a family of Cys-loop ligand-gated ion channels. (wikipedia.org)
  • Increased activity of GABA causes a reduction of blood pressure and heart rate, along with reduced breathing rate, overall leading to a state of relaxation. (drugscience.org.uk)
  • This inhibitory neurotransmitter serves to slow brain activity. (drugabuse.com)
  • Its ability to engage with these receptors and influence neurotransmitter activity showcases its potential as a versatile and promising compound for various health applications. (stophavingaboringlife.com)
  • in simple terms, GABA calms the CNS, reduces brain activity and eases bodily tension. (vagarights.com)
  • GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which means it reduces activity in your central nervous system. (cfah.org)
  • This rarely requires reversal with naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist. (saem.org)
  • Amiloride acted primarily as a competitive antagonist, reducing the sensitivity of the receptor to GABA without affecting the maximal current amplitude. (aspetjournals.org)
  • These inhibitory effect of propofol and sevoflurane were blocked by GABA-receptor antagonist, gabazine. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Methaqualone molecules bind to GABA receptors, the inhibitory neurotransmitter. (drugscience.org.uk)